Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / American Journal of Science, Vol. 1. / Braille

American Journal of Science, Vol. 1. ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

966,773 braille cells · 1,022 embossed pages at 40×25 · 4,954 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠉⠞⠁⠧⠑⠂⠀⠃⠑⠇⠕⠺⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠗⠗⠑⠎⠏⠕⠝⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠙⠑⠛⠗⠑⠑⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀⠉⠕⠇⠥⠍⠝⠲⠀⠠⠁⠝⠙⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠁⠇⠂⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠑⠧⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠧⠞⠓⠎⠂⠀⠠⠊⠠⠊⠠⠊⠙⠎⠂⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠀⠼⠉⠰⠙⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠓⠑⠗⠑⠁⠋⠞⠑⠗⠀⠞⠗⠑⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠁⠎⠀
⠙⠊⠋⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠞⠀⠉⠇⠁⠎⠎⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠕⠝⠉⠕⠗⠙⠎⠂⠀⠑⠁⠉⠓⠀⠀
⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠃⠑⠀⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠎⠞⠕⠕⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠊⠝⠉⠇⠥⠙⠑⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠉⠞⠁⠧⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠏⠕⠥⠝⠙⠎⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠕⠉⠞⠁⠧⠑⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠎⠉⠓⠕⠇⠊⠥⠍⠲⠀
⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠑⠛⠕⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠑⠭⠓⠊⠃⠊⠞⠎⠂⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀
⠎⠥⠋⠋⠊⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠀⠁⠉⠉⠥⠗⠁⠉⠽⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠀⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠺⠓⠕⠇⠑⠀⠝⠥⠍⠃⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠎⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠙⠊⠋⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠞⠀⠉⠓⠕⠗⠙⠎⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠀⠕⠉⠉⠥⠗⠂⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠼⠁⠋⠚⠚⠀⠎⠉⠕⠗⠑⠎⠂⠀⠺⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀⠎⠊⠛⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠎⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀
⠑⠭⠁⠍⠊⠝⠑⠙⠂⠀⠀⠁⠉⠞⠥⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠏⠇⠁⠽⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠎⠥⠉⠉⠑⠎⠎⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠅⠑⠽⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀
⠁⠗⠑⠀⠎⠑⠞⠂⠀⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠁⠝⠀⠊⠝⠎⠞⠗⠥⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠓⠁⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠙⠊⠎⠞⠊⠝⠉⠞⠀⠎⠕⠥⠝⠙⠎⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠇⠁⠞⠎⠀⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠎⠓⠁⠗⠏⠎⠲⠀⠠⠓⠁⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠭⠁⠍⠊⠝⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀
⠑⠭⠞⠑⠝⠎⠊⠧⠑⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠎⠥⠇⠞⠎⠀⠀⠍⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠃⠑⠀⠗⠑⠇⠊⠑⠙⠀
⠕⠝⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀⠁⠎⠎⠥⠗⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠉⠉⠥⠗⠁⠞⠑⠆⠀
⠃⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠁⠇⠀⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠁⠗⠊⠞⠽⠂⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠊⠝
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠞⠗⠥⠉⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠞⠀⠍⠥⠎⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠁⠗⠁⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀
⠋⠗⠑⠟⠥⠑⠝⠉⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠞⠀⠀⠅⠑⠽⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠙⠊⠋⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠞⠀⠁⠥⠞⠓⠕⠗⠎⠆⠀⠊⠎⠀⠎⠕⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠂⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠁⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.