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The History of Ink, Including Its Etymology, Chemistry, and Bibliography ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

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85,920 braille cells · 90 embossed pages at 40×25 · 852 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠿⠀⠐⠎⠀⠺⠗⠑⠞⠡⠄⠎⠀⠁⠊⠙⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠐⠎⠀⠃⠁⠝⠊⠩⠫⠀
⠇⠕⠧⠻⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀⠐⠎⠀⠉⠁⠏⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠍⠁⠊⠙⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠮⠽⠀
⠇⠊⠧⠑⠂⠀⠮⠽⠀⠎⠏⠑⠁⠅⠂⠀⠮⠽⠀⠃⠗⠑⠁⠮⠀⠱⠁⠞⠀⠇⠕⠧⠑⠀
⠊⠝⠎⠏⠊⠗⠑⠎⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠺⠜⠍⠀⠋⠀⠮⠀⠎⠳⠇⠂⠀⠯⠀
⠋⠁⠊⠹⠋⠥⠇⠀⠞⠕⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠋⠊⠗⠑⠎⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠮⠀⠧⠊⠗⠛⠔⠄⠎
⠀⠺⠊⠩⠀⠾⠳⠞⠀⠓⠻⠀⠋⠑⠜⠎⠀⠊⠍⠏⠜⠞⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠑⠭⠉⠥⠎⠑⠀
⠮⠀⠃⠇⠥⠩⠂⠀⠯⠀⠏⠳⠗⠀⠕⠥⠞⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠮⠀⠓⠑⠜⠞⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠎⠏⠑⠫⠀⠮⠀⠎⠷⠞⠀⠊⠝⠞⠻⠉⠳⠗⠎⠑⠀⠋⠀⠎⠳⠇⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠳⠇⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠯⠀⠺⠁⠋⠞⠀⠁⠀⠎⠊⠛⠓⠀⠋⠀⠠⠊⠝⠙⠥⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠮⠀⠏⠕⠇⠑⠲⠀⠀⠠⠮⠀
⠛⠢⠊⠥⠎⠀⠷⠀⠠⠠⠃⠽⠗⠕⠝⠀⠶⠔⠀⠁⠀⠏⠇⠁⠽⠋⠥⠇⠀⠋⠇⠁⠩⠶⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀
⠊⠇⠇⠥⠍⠔⠁⠞⠫⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠎⠥⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠀⠾⠀⠐⠕⠀⠷⠀⠦⠀⠍⠕⠌⠀
⠃⠗⠊⠇⠇⠊⠁⠝⠞⠀⠏⠁⠎⠎⠁⠛⠑⠎⠒⠤⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠃⠀⠺⠕⠗⠙⠎
⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠹⠬⠎⠒⠀⠯⠀⠁⠀⠎⠍⠁⠇⠇⠀⠙⠗⠕⠏⠀⠷⠀⠠⠠⠊⠝⠅⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠋⠁⠇⠇⠬⠀⠇⠀⠙⠑⠺⠀⠘⠥⠀⠁⠀⠹⠳⠛⠓⠞⠂⠀⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠑⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠞⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠍⠁⠅⠑⠎⠀⠹⠳⠎⠯⠎⠀⠶⠏⠻⠓⠁⠏⠎⠀⠍⠊⠇⠇⠊⠕⠝⠎⠶⠀
⠹⠔⠅⠲⠀⠀⠠⠁⠀⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠙⠊⠌⠬⠥⠊⠩⠫⠀⠏⠕⠑⠞⠀⠓⠁⠎⠂⠀⠔⠀
⠑⠭⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠊⠧⠑⠂⠀⠯⠀⠹⠳⠛⠓⠀⠔⠀⠟⠥⠁⠔⠞⠻⠂⠀⠓⠥⠍⠃⠇⠻⠂⠀⠽⠑⠞
⠀⠔⠀⠝⠕⠃⠇⠑⠀⠌⠗⠁⠔⠂⠀⠎⠁⠊⠙⠀⠱⠁⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠑⠟⠥⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀
⠁⠏⠏⠗⠕⠏⠗⠊⠁⠞⠑⠀⠔⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠑⠒⠤⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠃⠕⠕⠅⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠁⠀⠐⠏⠀⠷⠀⠍⠁⠝⠄⠎⠀⠏⠗⠻⠕⠛⠁⠞⠊⠧⠑⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠔⠀⠿⠍⠁⠇⠀⠠⠠⠊⠝⠅⠂⠀⠮⠽⠀⠹⠳⠛⠓⠞⠀⠯⠀⠧⠕⠊⠉⠑⠎⠀⠓⠕⠇⠙⠂⠀⠀
⠠⠞⠀⠺⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠮⠍⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠎⠕⠇⠊⠞⠥⠙⠑⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠛⠊⠧⠑⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠯⠀⠍⠁⠅⠑⠀⠐⠞⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠢⠞⠀⠞⠗⠁⠧⠑⠇⠀⠵⠀⠷⠀⠕⠇⠙⠲⠀⠀
⠠⠠⠉⠑⠇⠎⠥⠎⠂⠀⠱⠕⠀⠇⠊⠧⠫⠀⠔⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀⠸⠺⠂⠀⠁⠃⠳⠞⠀⠮⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠍⠢⠉⠑⠍⠢⠞⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠠⠡⠗⠊⠌⠊⠁⠝⠀⠑⠗⠁⠂⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠇⠑⠋⠞⠀⠁⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.