Library / Biology / The History of Ink, Including Its Etymology, Chemistry, and Bibliography / Braille
The History of Ink, Including Its Etymology, Chemistry, and Bibliography ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.
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85,920 braille cells · 90 embossed pages at 40×25 · 852 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠑⠇⠑⠛⠁⠝⠞⠇⠽⠀⠊⠇⠇⠥⠌⠗⠁⠞⠫⠀⠃⠕⠕⠅⠲⠀⠠⠵⠀⠞⠕⠀⠱⠁⠞⠀⠓⠑⠀ ⠎⠁⠽⠎⠀⠶⠔⠀⠦⠀⠎⠑⠧⠢⠹⠀⠏⠜⠁⠛⠗⠁⠏⠓⠶⠀⠁⠃⠳⠞⠀⠮⠀ ⠊⠝⠑⠭⠏⠫⠊⠢⠉⠽⠀⠷⠀⠦⠓⠁⠵⠜⠙⠬⠴⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠑⠋⠿⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠗⠑⠧⠊⠧⠑ ⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠬⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠋⠁⠙⠫⠀⠕⠗⠀⠃⠑⠉⠕⠍⠑⠀⠊⠇⠇⠑⠛⠊⠃⠇⠑⠂ ⠀⠋⠀⠋⠑⠜⠀⠷⠀⠦⠁⠀⠎⠥⠎⠏⠊⠉⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠙⠑⠉⠑⠊⠞⠂⠴⠤⠤⠮⠀ ⠉⠁⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠍⠥⠌⠀⠷⠀⠉⠳⠗⠎⠑⠀⠃⠑⠀⠇⠊⠍⠊⠞⠫⠀⠞⠕⠀⠉⠁⠎⠑⠎⠀ ⠱⠻⠑⠀⠮⠀⠺⠕⠗⠙⠎⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠕⠎⠫⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠗⠑⠌⠕⠗⠫⠀⠞⠕⠀ ⠇⠑⠛⠊⠃⠊⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀⠓⠀⠗⠑⠋⠻⠢⠉⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠐⠎⠀⠐⠟⠀⠷⠀⠙⠊⠎⠏⠥⠞⠫⠀ ⠞⠊⠞⠇⠑⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀⠕⠮⠗⠀⠍⠁⠞⠞⠻⠀⠔⠀⠇⠊⠞⠊⠛⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠗⠀ ⠉⠕⠝⠞⠗⠕⠧⠻⠎⠽⠲⠀⠠⠍⠗⠲⠀⠠⠁⠌⠇⠑⠀⠺⠳⠇⠙⠀⠝⠀⠓⠀⠓⠑⠎⠊⠞⠁⠞⠫ ⠀⠶⠁⠝⠽⠀⠍⠀⠹⠁⠝⠀⠠⠁⠝⠛⠑⠇⠕⠀⠠⠍⠁⠊⠶⠀⠞⠕⠀⠥⠎⠑⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀ ⠏⠕⠎⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠉⠑⠎⠎⠀⠿⠀⠮⠀⠗⠑⠌⠕⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠁⠀ ⠏⠁⠇⠊⠍⠏⠎⠑⠌⠀⠍⠁⠝⠥⠎⠉⠗⠊⠏⠞⠀⠷⠀⠁⠀⠇⠕⠝⠛⠤⠇⠕⠌⠀⠐⠺⠀⠷⠀ ⠠⠉⠊⠉⠻⠕⠀⠕⠗⠀⠠⠇⠊⠧⠽⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀⠷⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠙⠕⠉⠥⠍⠢⠞⠀⠺⠕⠗⠹⠀⠮ ⠀⠇⠁⠃⠕⠗⠀⠯⠀⠮⠀⠐⠞⠀⠗⠑⠟⠥⠊⠎⠊⠞⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠗⠑⠧⠊⠧⠑⠀⠮⠀ ⠇⠑⠞⠞⠻⠎⠀⠕⠗⠀⠗⠑⠁⠙⠀⠮⠍⠲⠀⠠⠍⠗⠲⠀⠠⠁⠌⠇⠑⠄⠎⠀⠎⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀ ⠇⠁⠏⠎⠑⠀⠷⠀⠏⠢⠀⠕⠗⠀⠍⠔⠙⠀⠔⠀⠌⠁⠞⠬⠀⠶⠑⠊⠛⠓⠹⠀ ⠏⠜⠁⠛⠗⠁⠏⠓⠶⠀⠞⠀⠦⠠⠃⠇⠥⠑⠀⠕⠗⠀⠽⠑⠇⠇⠪⠀⠊⠝⠅⠀⠴⠀⠎⠑⠇⠙⠕⠍ ⠀⠥⠎⠫⠀⠑⠭⠉⠑⠏⠞⠀⠔⠀⠍⠁⠝⠥⠎⠉⠗⠊⠏⠞⠎⠂⠴⠀⠗⠑⠍⠔⠙⠎⠀⠥⠀⠷⠀ ⠠⠝⠕⠁⠓⠀⠠⠺⠑⠃⠌⠻⠄⠎⠀⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠂⠀⠛⠊⠧⠢⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠋⠊⠗⠌⠀ ⠑⠙⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠦⠀⠟⠥⠜⠞⠕⠀⠙⠊⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠜⠽⠂⠀⠿⠀⠮⠀⠥⠎⠑⠀⠷⠀⠮ ⠀⠘⠺⠀⠦⠠⠊⠇⠯⠴⠀⠊⠝⠌⠑⠁⠙⠀⠷⠀⠦⠠⠊⠎⠇⠯⠂⠴⠀⠧⠊⠵⠲⠂⠀⠞⠀⠮⠀ ⠇⠁⠞⠞⠻⠀⠎⠏⠑⠇⠇⠬⠀⠴⠀⠦⠋⠳⠝⠙⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠔⠀⠃⠕⠕⠅⠎⠲⠴⠀ ⠠⠏⠻⠓⠁⠏⠎⠀⠮⠀⠧⠢⠻⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠠⠍⠗⠲⠀⠠⠁⠌⠇⠑⠀⠺⠳⠇⠙⠀⠓⠀⠃⠑⠢⠀ ⠵⠀⠍⠥⠡⠀⠁⠌⠕⠝⠊⠩⠫⠀⠞⠕⠀⠇⠑⠜⠝⠀⠞⠀⠓⠑⠀⠓⠊⠍⠎⠑⠇⠋⠀⠸⠓⠀
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.