Library / Biology / The History of Ink, Including Its Etymology, Chemistry, and Bibliography / Braille
The History of Ink, Including Its Etymology, Chemistry, and Bibliography ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.
Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt
101,691 braille cells · 108 embossed pages at 40×25 · 852 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠺⠁⠎⠀⠏⠗⠊⠝⠉⠊⠏⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠑⠋⠋⠑⠉⠞⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠗⠥⠃⠃⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠞⠀ ⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠏⠥⠍⠊⠉⠑⠂⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠥⠗⠎⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀ ⠍⠁⠝⠥⠋⠁⠉⠞⠥⠗⠑⠂⠀⠁⠋⠞⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠗⠊⠛⠊⠝⠁⠇⠀⠎⠅⠊⠝⠀⠓⠁⠙ ⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠉⠥⠗⠑⠙⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠛⠁⠊⠝⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀ ⠏⠗⠕⠉⠑⠎⠎⠂⠀⠁⠋⠞⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠗⠊⠛⠊⠝⠁⠇⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀ ⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠞⠁⠅⠑⠝⠀⠁⠺⠁⠽⠀⠃⠽⠀⠺⠁⠎⠓⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀ ⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠍⠁⠝⠝⠑⠗⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠞⠗⠊⠉⠞⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠏⠗⠑⠉⠊⠎⠑⠀ ⠎⠑⠝⠎⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠏⠁⠇⠊⠍⠏⠎⠑⠎⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠀ ⠼⠦⠞⠺⠊⠉⠑⠀⠏⠗⠑⠏⠁⠗⠑⠙⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠊⠝⠛⠆⠄⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠞⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠥⠉⠓⠀⠏⠗⠑⠏⠁⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑ ⠀⠏⠗⠑⠧⠁⠊⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠙⠑⠁⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠞⠽⠍⠕⠇⠕⠛⠽⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀ ⠝⠕⠞⠀⠑⠗⠁⠎⠥⠗⠑⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠑⠗⠗⠕⠝⠑⠕⠥⠎⠇⠽⠀ ⠎⠥⠏⠏⠕⠎⠑⠙⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠎⠁⠊⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠑⠁⠎⠽⠀⠞⠕⠀ ⠗⠑⠍⠕⠧⠑⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠍⠕⠙⠑⠗⠝⠀⠏⠁⠗⠉⠓⠍⠑⠝⠞⠂⠀⠑⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠁⠇⠇⠽ ⠀⠊⠋⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠞⠑⠝⠀⠃⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀⠎⠞⠁⠝⠙⠊⠝⠛⠂ ⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠞⠗⠁⠉⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀⠃⠽⠀⠗⠥⠃⠃⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠞⠀ ⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠏⠥⠍⠊⠉⠑⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠁⠗⠀⠎⠥⠃⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠎⠆⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀ ⠊⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠥⠗⠋⠁⠉⠑⠀⠃⠑⠀⠁⠋⠞⠑⠗⠺⠁⠗⠙⠎⠀⠏⠕⠇⠊⠎⠓⠑⠙⠂⠀ ⠝⠕⠀⠕⠝⠑⠂⠀⠃⠽⠀⠍⠑⠗⠑⠇⠽⠀⠇⠕⠕⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠝⠀⠊⠞⠂⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀ ⠑⠧⠑⠗⠀⠎⠥⠏⠏⠕⠎⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠞⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠑⠧⠑⠗⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀ ⠺⠗⠊⠞⠞⠑⠝⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠆⠀⠃⠥⠞⠂⠀⠊⠋⠀⠊⠞⠀⠃⠑⠀⠺⠁⠎⠓⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠁⠝ ⠀⠊⠝⠋⠥⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠛⠁⠇⠇⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠑⠞⠞⠑⠗⠎⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠃⠑⠀ ⠎⠕⠀⠋⠁⠗⠀⠗⠑⠎⠞⠕⠗⠑⠙⠂⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠊⠉⠥⠇⠁⠗⠇⠽⠀⠊⠋⠀⠊⠞⠀⠃⠑⠀ ⠎⠥⠋⠋⠑⠗⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠗⠑⠍⠁⠊⠝⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠂⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠞⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠃⠑⠀⠉⠕⠏⠊⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠁⠀
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.