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The History of Ink, Including Its Etymology, Chemistry, and Bibliography ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

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101,691 braille cells · 108 embossed pages at 40×25 · 852 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠠⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠉⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠁⠗⠞⠂⠀⠛⠊⠧⠑⠎⠀⠁⠀⠃⠗⠊⠑⠋⠀
⠎⠥⠍⠍⠁⠗⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠁⠇⠀⠋⠁⠉⠞⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠁⠗⠞⠊⠉⠇⠑⠀⠦⠠⠏⠁⠇⠊⠍⠏⠎⠑⠎⠞⠲⠴⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠥⠇⠇⠑⠎⠞⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠑⠇⠁⠃⠕⠗⠁⠞⠑⠀⠑⠭⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠍⠁⠝⠥⠋⠁⠉⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠊⠝⠅⠀
⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠺⠑⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠋⠊⠝⠙⠂⠀
⠓⠕⠺⠑⠧⠑⠗⠂⠀⠊⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠠⠋⠗⠑⠝⠉⠓⠀
⠦⠠⠙⠊⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠝⠁⠊⠗⠑⠀⠙⠑⠎⠀⠠⠁⠗⠞⠎⠀⠑⠞⠀
⠠⠍⠁⠝⠥⠋⠁⠉⠞⠥⠗⠑⠎⠂⠴⠀⠃⠽⠀⠁⠝⠀⠁⠎⠎⠕⠉⠊⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠙⠊⠎⠞⠊⠝⠛⠥⠊⠎⠓⠑⠙⠀⠎⠁⠧⠁⠝⠎⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠧⠕⠇⠥⠍⠑⠎⠂⠀
⠊⠍⠏⠑⠗⠊⠁⠇⠀⠕⠉⠞⠁⠧⠕⠂⠀⠠⠏⠁⠗⠊⠎⠂⠀⠼⠁⠓⠑⠉⠂⠀⠁⠗⠞⠊⠉⠇⠑⠂
⠀⠠⠠⠑⠝⠉⠗⠑⠲⠀⠀⠠⠃⠥⠞⠂⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠁⠗⠞⠊⠉⠇⠑⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠞⠗⠑⠁⠞⠊⠎⠑⠎⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠥⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠺⠑⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀
⠑⠭⠁⠍⠊⠝⠑⠙⠂⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠑⠝⠛⠇⠊⠎⠓⠀⠠⠏⠑⠝⠝⠽⠀
⠠⠉⠽⠉⠇⠕⠏⠁⠑⠙⠊⠁⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠑⠗⠊⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠞⠁⠊⠝⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀⠊⠋⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠑⠎⠞⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠇⠕⠝⠛⠑⠎⠞⠀
⠁⠉⠉⠕⠥⠝⠞⠂⠀⠁⠀⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠛⠕⠕⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠁⠞⠊⠎⠋⠁⠉⠞⠕⠗⠽⠀
⠕⠝⠑⠂⠤⠤⠃⠑⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠀⠊⠞⠀⠑⠭⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠑⠎⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠑⠎⠎⠑⠝⠞⠊⠁⠇⠀⠋⠁⠉⠞⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠑⠺⠑⠎⠞⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠃⠑⠎⠞⠤⠉⠓⠕⠎⠑⠝⠀⠃⠑⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠀⠏⠑⠗⠋⠑⠉⠞⠇⠽⠀
⠊⠝⠞⠑⠇⠇⠊⠛⠊⠃⠇⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠙⠎⠲⠀⠠⠁⠎⠀⠺⠑⠀⠙⠕⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀
⠁⠞⠞⠑⠍⠏⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠋⠥⠗⠝⠊⠎⠓⠀⠁⠀⠞⠑⠭⠞⠤⠃⠕⠕⠅⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀
⠊⠝⠅⠤⠍⠁⠝⠥⠋⠁⠉⠞⠥⠗⠑⠗⠎⠂⠀⠺⠑⠀⠙⠕⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠞⠗⠁⠝⠎⠉⠗⠊⠃⠑⠀
⠊⠝⠀⠋⠥⠇⠇⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀⠞⠗⠁⠝⠎⠇⠁⠞⠑⠂⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠧⠁⠇⠥⠑⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.