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Die Grundlagen der Arithmetik ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

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266,534 braille cells · 284 embossed pages at 40×25 · 5,203 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠼⠁⠚⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠊⠛⠲⠀⠀⠠⠃⠑⠛⠗⠊⠋⠋⠑⠀⠎⠊⠝⠙⠀⠧⠕⠝⠀
⠠⠛⠑⠛⠑⠝⠎⠞⠝⠙⠑⠝⠀⠵⠥⠀⠥⠝⠞⠑⠗⠎⠉⠓⠑⠊⠙⠑⠝⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠁⠚⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠊⠓⠲⠀⠀⠠⠓⠁⠝⠅⠑⠇⠎⠀⠠⠑⠗⠅⠇⠗⠥⠝⠛⠀
⠙⠑⠗⠀⠠⠁⠙⠙⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠁⠚⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠊⠊⠲⠀⠀⠠⠍⠁⠝⠛⠑⠇⠓⠁⠋⠞⠊⠛⠅⠑⠊⠞⠀⠙⠑⠗
⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠁⠇⠑⠝⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠕⠗⠊⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠁⠚⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠚⠚⠲⠀⠠⠧⠑⠗⠎⠥⠉⠓⠂⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠑⠭⠑⠀
⠠⠵⠁⠓⠇⠑⠝⠀⠙⠁⠙⠥⠗⠉⠓⠀⠝⠁⠉⠓⠵⠥⠺⠑⠊⠎⠑⠝⠂⠀⠙⠁⠎⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠙⠊⠑⠀⠠⠃⠑⠙⠑⠥⠞⠥⠝⠛⠀⠙⠑⠗⠀⠠⠍⠥⠇⠞⠊⠏⠇⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠃⠑⠎⠕⠝⠙⠑⠗⠑⠗⠀⠠⠺⠑⠊⠎⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⠗⠺⠑⠊⠞⠑⠗⠞⠀
⠺⠊⠗⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠁⠁⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠚⠁⠲⠀⠠⠙⠊⠑⠀⠠⠍⠛⠇⠊⠉⠓⠅⠑⠊⠞⠀
⠑⠊⠝⠑⠎⠀⠎⠕⠇⠉⠓⠑⠝⠀⠠⠝⠁⠉⠓⠺⠑⠊⠎⠑⠎⠀⠊⠎⠞⠀⠋⠗⠀⠙⠊⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠅⠗⠁⠋⠞⠀⠑⠊⠝⠑⠎⠀⠠⠃⠑⠺⠑⠊⠎⠑⠎⠀⠝⠊⠉⠓⠞⠀
⠛⠇⠑⠊⠉⠓⠛⠊⠇⠞⠊⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠁⠚⠃⠲⠀⠠⠙⠊⠑⠀⠃⠇⠕⠎⠎⠑⠀⠠⠋⠕⠗⠙⠑⠗⠥⠝⠛⠂⠀⠑⠎⠀⠎⠕⠇⠇⠑⠀
⠑⠊⠝⠑⠀⠠⠕⠏⠑⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠁⠥⠎⠋⠓⠗⠃⠁⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠎⠑⠊⠝⠂⠀⠊⠎⠞⠀⠝⠊⠉⠓⠞⠀⠊⠓⠗⠑⠀⠠⠑⠗⠋⠇⠇⠥⠝⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠁⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠚⠉⠲⠀⠠⠅⠕⠎⠎⠁⠅⠎⠀⠠⠑⠗⠅⠇⠗⠥⠝⠛⠀
⠙⠑⠗⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠑⠭⠑⠝⠀⠠⠵⠁⠓⠇⠑⠝⠀⠊⠎⠞⠀⠝⠥⠗⠀⠑⠊⠝⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠁⠝⠺⠑⠊⠎⠥⠝⠛⠀⠵⠥⠗⠀⠠⠙⠑⠋⠊⠝⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠥⠝⠙⠀⠧⠑⠗⠍⠑⠊⠙⠑⠞
⠀⠝⠊⠉⠓⠞⠀⠙⠊⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠑⠊⠝⠍⠊⠎⠉⠓⠥⠝⠛⠀⠧⠕⠝⠀
⠠⠋⠗⠑⠍⠙⠁⠗⠞⠊⠛⠑⠍⠲⠀⠠⠙⠊⠑⠀⠛⠑⠕⠍⠑⠞⠗⠊⠎⠉⠓⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠙⠁⠗⠎⠞⠑⠇⠇⠥⠝⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠁⠁⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠚⠙⠲⠀⠠⠑⠎⠀⠅⠕⠍⠍⠞⠀⠙⠁⠗⠁⠥⠋⠀⠁⠝⠂⠀

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