Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American, Volume 56, No. 9, February 26, 1887 / Braille

Scientific American, Volume 56, No. 9, February 26, 1887 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

262,042 braille cells · 271 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,280 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠇⠃⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⠃⠲⠀⠀⠀⠋⠞⠲⠀⠏⠑⠗⠀⠎⠑⠉⠲⠋⠞⠲⠀⠞⠕⠝⠎⠲⠋⠞⠲
⠀⠞⠕⠝⠎⠲⠀⠀⠋⠞⠲⠀⠞⠕⠝⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠊⠝⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠁⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠙⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠂⠋⠓⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠛⠓⠉⠀⠀
⠼⠑⠃⠃⠲⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠑⠉⠲⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠛⠲⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠁⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠙⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠂⠚⠛⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠂⠁⠊⠓⠀⠀
⠼⠑⠉⠃⠲⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠓⠁⠲⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠊⠲⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠙⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠓⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠂⠚⠋⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠂⠉⠑⠙⠀⠀
⠼⠑⠓⠓⠲⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠃⠑⠲⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠁⠲⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠙⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠚⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠂⠊⠙⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠂⠋⠁⠚⠀⠀
⠼⠑⠓⠚⠲⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠉⠊⠲⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠃⠲⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠋⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠚⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠂⠁⠙⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠉⠂⠁⠊⠉⠀⠀
⠼⠑⠓⠚⠲⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠛⠚⠲⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠉⠲⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠋⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠃⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠂⠚⠑⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠉⠂⠙⠊⠛⠀⠀
⠼⠙⠋⠋⠲⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠋⠚⠲⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠉⠲⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠛⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠙⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠂⠚⠃⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠙⠂⠚⠛⠑⠀⠀
⠼⠙⠛⠊⠲⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠓⠋⠲⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠙⠲⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠓⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠙⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠂⠁⠙⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠙⠂⠋⠚⠙⠀⠀
⠼⠑⠁⠁⠲⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠁⠚⠲⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠙⠲⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠁⠃⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠓⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠂⠁⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠑⠂⠊⠁⠑⠀
⠼⠑⠁⠙⠲⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠉⠋⠲⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠑⠲⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠁⠃⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠚⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠂⠁⠑⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠋⠂⠙⠑⠃⠀
⠼⠑⠉⠛⠲⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠑⠓⠲⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠋⠲⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠁⠉⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠁⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠂⠃⠉⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠛⠂⠃⠓⠚⠀
⠼⠑⠃⠚⠲⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠊⠁⠲⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠛⠲⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠁⠛⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠉⠃⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠂⠚⠋⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠊⠂⠙⠁⠃⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.