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Illumination and Its Development in the Present Day ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

272,079 braille cells · 283 embossed pages at 40×25 · 321 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠺⠀⠃⠑⠀⠝⠕⠞⠊⠉⠫⠀⠞⠀⠮⠀⠇⠑⠞⠞⠻⠎⠀⠐⠓⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠍⠥⠡⠀⠍⠀
⠁⠝⠛⠥⠇⠜⠂⠀⠯⠀⠀⠮⠽⠀⠉⠕⠝⠿⠍⠀⠍⠀⠞⠕⠀⠱⠁⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠏⠕⠏⠥⠇⠜⠇⠽
⠀⠅⠝⠪⠝⠀⠵⠀⠦⠠⠕⠇⠙⠀⠠⠑⠝⠛⠇⠊⠩⠲⠴⠀⠠⠹⠊⠎⠀⠀⠿⠍⠀⠷⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠬
⠀⠉⠀⠃⠑⠀⠟⠀⠑⠁⠎⠊⠇⠽⠀⠿⠍⠫⠀⠾⠀⠮⠀⠎⠇⠁⠝⠞⠫⠤⠉⠥⠞⠀⠏⠢⠲⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠮⠗⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠕⠀⠝⠑⠫⠀⠞⠕⠀⠑⠍⠏⠇⠕⠽⠀⠁⠀⠋⠔⠑⠀⠏⠢⠀⠿⠀
⠏⠥⠞⠞⠬⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠹⠔⠀⠌⠗⠕⠅⠑⠎⠂⠀⠀⠵⠀⠊⠎⠀⠎⠀⠷⠞⠢⠀⠮⠀⠉⠁⠎⠑⠂
⠀⠵⠀⠮⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠑⠞⠑⠀⠇⠑⠞⠞⠻⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠃⠑⠀⠿⠍⠫⠀⠾⠀⠮⠀⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑
⠀⠏⠢⠀⠊⠋⠀⠭⠀⠊⠎⠀⠉⠥⠞⠀⠾⠀⠁⠀⠝⠊⠉⠑⠀⠡⠊⠎⠑⠇⠀⠏⠕⠔⠞⠲⠀⠠⠭⠀
⠊⠎⠀⠍⠕⠌⠀⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠁⠝⠞⠀⠀⠞⠀⠮⠀⠌⠥⠙⠢⠞⠀⠩⠳⠇⠙⠀⠿⠍⠀⠮⠀
⠱⠕⠇⠑⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠇⠑⠞⠞⠻⠀⠾⠀⠮⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠀⠏⠢⠂⠀⠾⠳⠞⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀
⠞⠳⠡⠬⠀⠥⠏⠀⠁⠋⠞⠻⠺⠜⠙⠎⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀⠏⠗⠁⠉⠞⠊⠉⠑⠀⠷⠀⠿⠍⠬⠀⠀
⠇⠑⠞⠞⠻⠎⠀⠗⠳⠛⠓⠇⠽⠀⠯⠀⠩⠁⠏⠬⠀⠮⠍⠀⠥⠏⠀⠁⠋⠞⠻⠺⠜⠙⠎⠀⠾⠀⠁⠀
⠋⠔⠑⠀⠏⠢⠀⠞⠢⠙⠎⠀⠀⠞⠕⠀⠉⠥⠇⠞⠊⠧⠁⠞⠑⠀⠍⠕⠌⠀
⠥⠝⠺⠕⠗⠅⠍⠁⠝⠇⠊⠅⠑⠀⠓⠁⠃⠊⠞⠎⠀⠯⠀⠸⠉⠀⠃⠑⠀⠞⠕⠕⠀⠎⠑⠧⠻⠑⠇⠽
⠀⠀⠉⠢⠎⠕⠗⠫⠲⠀⠠⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠇⠑⠞⠞⠻⠎⠀⠿⠍⠫⠀⠔⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀⠍⠁⠝⠝⠻⠀
⠁⠗⠑⠀⠁⠇⠺⠁⠽⠎⠀⠇⠁⠉⠅⠬⠀⠔⠀⠀⠐⠡⠀⠯⠀⠧⠊⠞⠁⠇⠊⠞⠽⠲⠀⠠⠊⠋⠀⠮
⠀⠌⠥⠙⠢⠞⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠉⠕⠍⠑⠀⠋⠁⠍⠊⠇⠊⠜⠀⠾⠀⠉⠥⠞⠞⠬⠀⠀⠯⠀
⠓⠯⠇⠬⠀⠮⠀⠏⠢⠀⠓⠑⠀⠕⠥⠛⠓⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠿⠍⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀
⠷⠀⠮⠀⠇⠑⠞⠞⠻⠎⠀⠀⠛⠊⠧⠢⠀⠐⠓⠀⠾⠳⠞⠀⠮⠀⠎⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠑⠌⠀
⠙⠊⠋⠋⠊⠉⠥⠇⠞⠽⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠮⠀⠁⠇⠏⠓⠁⠃⠑⠞⠎⠀⠷⠀⠉⠁⠏⠊⠞⠁⠇⠀
⠇⠑⠞⠞⠻⠎⠀⠛⠊⠧⠢⠀⠔⠀⠠⠋⠊⠛⠲⠀⠼⠁⠙⠀⠺⠀⠃⠑⠀⠥⠎⠑⠋⠥⠇⠀⠵⠀⠀
⠊⠝⠊⠞⠊⠁⠇⠎⠂⠀⠑⠞⠉⠲⠂⠀⠔⠀⠉⠕⠝⠝⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠾⠀⠮⠀⠎⠍⠁⠇⠇⠀
⠇⠑⠞⠞⠻⠎⠲⠀⠠⠭⠀⠊⠎⠀⠟⠀⠀⠕⠃⠧⠊⠳⠎⠀⠞⠀⠘⠮⠀⠇⠑⠞⠞⠻⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀
⠝⠀⠿⠍⠫⠀⠾⠀⠎⠊⠍⠏⠇⠑⠀⠏⠢⠤⠌⠗⠕⠅⠑⠎⠀⠔⠀⠀⠮⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠍⠁⠝⠝⠻
⠀⠵⠀⠮⠀⠎⠍⠁⠇⠇⠀⠇⠑⠞⠞⠻⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠲⠀⠠⠘⠮⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠃⠥⠊⠇⠞⠀⠥⠏⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.