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Illumination and Its Development in the Present Day ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

272,079 braille cells · 283 embossed pages at 40×25 · 321 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠎⠊⠵⠑⠂⠀⠓⠑⠀⠩⠳⠇⠙⠀⠗⠫⠥⠉⠑⠀⠮⠍⠲⠀⠀⠠⠮⠀⠏⠢⠀⠩⠳⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑⠀
⠉⠥⠞⠀⠾⠀⠁⠀⠎⠍⠁⠇⠇⠻⠀⠏⠕⠔⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠥⠊⠞⠀⠮⠀⠎⠊⠵⠑⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠀
⠇⠑⠞⠞⠻⠎⠂⠀⠯⠀⠇⠔⠑⠎⠀⠩⠳⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑⠀⠗⠥⠇⠫⠀⠉⠇⠕⠎⠻⠀
⠞⠕⠛⠑⠮⠗⠲⠀⠠⠓⠑⠀⠩⠳⠇⠙⠀⠑⠝⠙⠑⠁⠧⠳⠗⠀⠀⠞⠕⠀⠛⠑⠞⠀⠮⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑
⠀⠉⠗⠊⠎⠏⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀⠯⠀⠩⠜⠏⠀⠙⠊⠌⠔⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠃⠑⠞⠺⠑⠢⠀⠮⠀⠹⠊⠉⠅
⠀⠯⠀⠀⠹⠔⠀⠌⠗⠕⠅⠑⠎⠀⠵⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠇⠜⠛⠻⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠬⠲⠀⠠⠓⠑⠀⠩⠳⠇⠙
⠀⠝⠀⠗⠑⠌⠀⠎⠁⠞⠊⠎⠋⠊⠫⠀⠀⠥⠝⠞⠊⠇⠀⠓⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠑⠀⠉⠇⠑⠜⠀⠩⠜⠏⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠬⠀⠕⠝⠀⠎⠬⠇⠑⠀⠇⠔⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠓⠑
⠀⠀⠩⠳⠇⠙⠀⠌⠗⠊⠧⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠅⠑⠑⠏⠀⠮⠀⠌⠗⠕⠅⠑⠎⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠇⠑⠞⠞⠻⠎
⠀⠟⠀⠥⠏⠗⠊⠛⠓⠞⠂⠀⠝⠀⠀⠇⠑⠁⠝⠬⠀⠞⠕⠀⠮⠀⠐⠗⠀⠕⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀⠮⠀
⠇⠑⠋⠞⠲⠀⠠⠊⠋⠀⠓⠑⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠏⠗⠁⠉⠞⠊⠎⠫⠀⠮⠀⠑⠜⠇⠊⠻⠀⠀
⠑⠭⠻⠉⠊⠎⠑⠀⠹⠕⠗⠳⠛⠓⠇⠽⠀⠓⠑⠀⠩⠳⠇⠙⠀⠑⠭⠏⠻⠊⠢⠉⠑⠀⠝⠕⠀
⠙⠊⠋⠋⠊⠉⠥⠇⠞⠽⠀⠔⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀⠍⠁⠞⠞⠻⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠮⠀⠝⠑⠭⠞⠀⠡⠁⠏⠞⠻
⠀⠺⠀⠙⠑⠁⠇⠀⠾⠀⠍⠁⠎⠎⠬⠀⠇⠑⠞⠞⠻⠎⠀⠞⠕⠛⠑⠮⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀⠿⠍⠀
⠺⠕⠗⠙⠎⠀⠀⠯⠀⠎⠢⠞⠢⠉⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠭⠀⠊⠎⠂⠀⠓⠪⠑⠧⠻⠂⠀⠵⠀⠺⠑⠇⠇⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠑⠍⠏⠓⠁⠎⠊⠎⠑⠀⠮⠀⠋⠁⠉⠞⠀⠞⠀⠮⠀⠀⠿⠍⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀
⠊⠝⠙⠊⠧⠊⠙⠥⠁⠇⠀⠇⠑⠞⠞⠻⠎⠀⠩⠳⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑⠀⠍⠁⠌⠻⠫⠀⠹⠕⠗⠳⠛⠓⠇⠽
⠀⠀⠋⠊⠗⠌⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠡⠁⠏⠞⠻⠀⠠⠧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠿⠍⠬⠀
⠠⠠⠺⠕⠗⠙⠎⠀⠠⠠⠯⠀⠠⠠⠎⠢⠞⠢⠉⠑⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠐⠕⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠃⠑⠌⠀
⠺⠁⠽⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠛⠑⠞⠀⠋⠁⠍⠊⠇⠊⠜⠀⠾⠀⠎⠏⠁⠉⠬⠀⠯⠀⠿⠍⠬⠀⠇⠑⠞⠞⠻⠎
⠀⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠺⠕⠗⠙⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠑⠀⠕⠥⠞⠀⠁⠀⠩⠕⠗⠞⠀
⠟⠥⠕⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠔⠀⠠⠋⠊⠛⠲⠀⠼⠊⠀⠐⠕⠀⠊⠎⠀⠛⠊⠧⠢⠀⠿⠀⠮
⠀⠌⠥⠙⠢⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠗⠁⠝⠎⠉⠗⠊⠃⠑⠲⠀⠠⠁⠀⠩⠑⠑⠞⠀⠷⠀⠀
⠎⠍⠕⠕⠹⠤⠎⠥⠗⠋⠁⠉⠫⠀⠏⠁⠏⠻⠀⠩⠳⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑⠀⠋⠁⠌⠢⠫⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠀
⠃⠕⠜⠙⠀⠾⠀⠙⠗⠁⠺⠬⠤⠏⠔⠎⠂⠀⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠬⠀⠮⠀⠏⠁⠙⠀⠷⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.