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Illumination and Its Development in the Present Day ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

272,079 braille cells · 283 embossed pages at 40×25 · 321 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠙⠗⠁⠺⠬⠤⠃⠕⠜⠙⠀⠯⠀⠋⠁⠌⠢⠀⠦⠀⠏⠁⠏⠻⠀⠙⠪⠝⠀⠀⠉⠜⠑⠋⠥⠇⠇⠽⠀
⠃⠑⠿⠑⠀⠉⠕⠍⠍⠢⠉⠬⠀⠞⠕⠀⠐⠺⠲⠀⠠⠭⠀⠺⠀⠃⠑⠀⠋⠳⠝⠙⠀⠞⠀⠁⠀⠏⠁⠙
⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀⠀⠷⠀⠎⠑⠧⠻⠁⠇⠀⠩⠑⠑⠞⠎⠀⠷⠀⠃⠇⠕⠞⠞⠬⠤⠏⠁⠏⠻⠀
⠏⠇⠁⠉⠫⠀⠐⠥⠀⠮⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠬⠤⠏⠁⠏⠻⠀⠺⠀⠀⠍⠁⠅⠑⠀⠮⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠬⠀
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⠎⠥⠗⠋⠁⠉⠑⠀⠀⠞⠕⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠑⠀⠘⠥⠀⠹⠁⠝⠀⠮⠀⠓⠜⠙⠀
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⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠙⠻⠫⠲⠀⠠⠭⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠀⠁⠙⠧⠊⠎⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠐⠺⠀⠾⠀⠮⠀
⠃⠕⠜⠙⠀⠋⠇⠁⠞⠀⠕⠝⠀⠮⠀⠀⠞⠁⠃⠇⠑⠲⠀⠠⠭⠀⠩⠳⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑⠀⠗⠁⠊⠎⠫⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠿⠍⠀⠁⠀⠉⠕⠝⠧⠢⠊⠢⠞⠀⠎⠇⠕⠏⠑⠲⠀⠠⠔⠀⠮⠀⠕⠇⠙⠀⠀
⠊⠇⠇⠥⠌⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠞⠀⠺⠑⠀⠓⠀⠗⠑⠏⠗⠑⠎⠢⠞⠬⠀⠮⠀⠍⠫⠊⠧⠁⠇⠀
⠊⠇⠇⠥⠍⠔⠁⠞⠕⠗⠀⠁⠞⠀⠀⠐⠺⠂⠀⠓⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠇⠺⠁⠽⠎⠀⠙⠑⠏⠊⠉⠞⠫⠀
⠵⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠬⠀⠁⠞⠀⠁⠀⠎⠇⠕⠏⠬⠀⠙⠑⠎⠅⠲⠀⠠⠃⠽⠀⠋⠜⠀⠮⠀⠀⠍⠕⠌⠀
⠎⠥⠊⠞⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠿⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠬⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠀⠋⠊⠗⠍⠀⠺⠁⠞⠻⠤⠉⠕⠇⠳⠗⠀
⠑⠁⠎⠑⠇⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠉⠀⠃⠑⠀⠀⠊⠝⠉⠇⠔⠫⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠁⠝⠛⠇⠑⠲⠀
⠠⠊⠋⠂⠀⠓⠪⠑⠧⠻⠂⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠓⠯⠂⠀⠁⠀⠙⠗⠁⠺⠬⠀⠉⠀⠀
⠃⠑⠀⠗⠁⠊⠎⠫⠀⠕⠝⠀⠁⠀⠞⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠮⠀⠗⠑⠟⠥⠊⠗⠫⠀⠁⠝⠛⠇⠑⠀
⠃⠽⠀⠗⠑⠌⠬⠀⠐⠕⠀⠑⠝⠙⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠀⠃⠕⠜⠙⠀⠕⠝⠀⠁⠀⠎⠍⠁⠇⠇⠀⠃⠕⠭⠲
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠝⠕⠮⠗⠀⠏⠕⠔⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠮⠀⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠬⠲⠀⠠⠭⠀⠊⠎⠀⠃⠑⠌⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠁⠗⠗⠁⠝⠛⠑⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀⠎⠀⠞⠀⠮⠀⠀⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠉⠕⠍⠑⠎⠀⠕⠧⠻⠀⠮⠀
⠇⠑⠋⠞⠀⠩⠳⠇⠙⠻⠂⠀⠕⠮⠗⠺⠊⠎⠑⠀⠮⠀⠩⠁⠙⠪⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠓⠯⠀⠀⠋⠁⠇⠇⠎
⠀⠕⠝⠀⠮⠀⠐⠺⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠗⠥⠇⠑⠀⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠇⠽⠂⠀⠾⠀⠁⠀
⠃⠇⠁⠉⠅⠤⠇⠑⠁⠙⠀⠏⠢⠉⠊⠇⠂⠀⠐⠎⠀⠇⠔⠑⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠐⠺⠀⠘⠥⠲⠀
⠠⠋⠊⠗⠌⠀⠀⠗⠥⠇⠑⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠇⠔⠑⠎⠀⠿⠀⠑⠁⠡⠀⠗⠪⠀⠷⠀⠇⠑⠞⠞⠻⠎⠲⠀
⠠⠿⠀⠮⠀⠉⠁⠏⠊⠞⠁⠇⠎⠀⠘⠮⠀⠩⠳⠇⠙⠀⠀⠃⠑⠀⠁⠃⠳⠞⠀⠀⠔⠲⠀⠁⠏⠜⠞⠂

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.