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Illumination and Its Development in the Present Day ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

272,079 braille cells · 283 embossed pages at 40×25 · 321 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠺⠗⠊⠞⠬⠀⠾⠳⠞⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠇⠔⠑⠎⠀⠁⠞⠀⠁⠇⠇⠲⠀⠠⠓⠑⠀⠩⠳⠇⠙⠀⠝⠀
⠎⠅⠑⠞⠡⠀⠭⠀⠔⠀⠀⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠇⠽⠀⠋⠊⠗⠌⠀⠔⠀⠏⠢⠉⠊⠇⠂⠀⠃⠀⠩⠳⠇⠙⠀
⠌⠜⠞⠀⠌⠗⠁⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠁⠺⠁⠽⠀⠾⠀⠮⠀⠏⠢⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠮⠀⠺⠊⠙⠹⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀
⠝⠊⠃⠀⠩⠳⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑⠀⠁⠏⠏⠗⠕⠭⠊⠍⠁⠞⠑⠇⠽⠀⠮⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠵⠀⠮⠀
⠹⠊⠉⠅⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠹⠊⠉⠅⠀⠌⠗⠕⠅⠑⠎⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠬⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠱⠢⠀⠮⠀⠝⠊⠃⠀⠃⠑⠉⠕⠍⠑⠎⠀⠃⠇⠥⠝⠞⠀⠕⠗⠀⠥⠝⠑⠧⠢⠀⠭⠀⠩⠳⠇⠙⠀
⠃⠑⠀⠉⠜⠑⠋⠥⠇⠇⠽⠀⠗⠑⠤⠉⠥⠞⠲⠀⠀⠠⠱⠢⠀⠗⠑⠤⠉⠥⠞⠞⠬⠀⠮⠀⠏⠢⠀⠭
⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠙⠧⠊⠎⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠉⠥⠞⠀⠭⠀⠔⠀⠞⠕⠕⠀⠙⠗⠁⠌⠊⠉⠀⠁⠀
⠋⠁⠩⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠉⠥⠞⠀⠭⠀⠛⠗⠁⠙⠥⠁⠇⠇⠽⠂⠀⠞⠁⠅⠬⠀⠧⠀⠇⠊⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀
⠷⠋⠀⠁⠞⠀⠋⠊⠗⠌⠀⠯⠀⠥⠎⠬⠀⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠁⠀⠧⠀⠩⠜⠏⠀⠅⠝⠊⠋⠑⠲⠀
⠠⠐⠕⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠃⠑⠌⠀⠅⠝⠊⠧⠑⠎⠀⠿⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀⠏⠥⠗⠏⠕⠎⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠀⠀
⠎⠥⠗⠛⠑⠕⠝⠄⠎⠀⠎⠉⠁⠇⠏⠑⠇⠂⠀⠵⠂⠀⠃⠑⠬⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀⠷⠀⠓⠜⠙⠀
⠎⠥⠗⠛⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠌⠑⠑⠇⠂⠀⠭⠀⠙⠕⠑⠎⠀⠝⠀⠀⠛⠑⠞⠀⠃⠇⠥⠝⠞⠀⠎⠀
⠟⠥⠊⠉⠅⠇⠽⠀⠵⠀⠮⠀⠕⠗⠙⠔⠜⠽⠀⠏⠢⠤⠅⠝⠊⠋⠑⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠔⠀⠮⠀
⠝⠑⠭⠞⠀⠡⠁⠏⠞⠻⠀⠭⠀⠊⠎⠀⠊⠝⠞⠢⠙⠫⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠛⠔⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠏⠗⠁⠉⠞⠊⠎⠑⠀⠮⠀⠿⠍⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠀⠷⠀⠇⠑⠞⠞⠻⠎⠲⠀⠠⠃⠑⠿⠑⠀
⠌⠥⠙⠽⠬⠀⠭⠀⠮⠀⠌⠥⠙⠢⠞⠀⠩⠳⠇⠙⠀⠏⠗⠁⠉⠞⠊⠎⠑⠀⠉⠥⠞⠞⠬⠀⠮⠀⠀
⠏⠢⠀⠯⠀⠿⠍⠬⠀⠮⠀⠌⠗⠕⠅⠑⠎⠀⠔⠀⠠⠋⠊⠛⠲⠀⠼⠋⠲⠀⠠⠓⠑⠀⠩⠳⠇⠙⠀
⠑⠝⠙⠑⠁⠧⠳⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀⠍⠁⠅⠑⠀⠁⠀⠀⠩⠜⠏⠀⠙⠊⠌⠔⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠃⠑⠞⠺⠑⠢
⠀⠮⠀⠹⠊⠉⠅⠀⠯⠀⠹⠔⠀⠌⠗⠕⠅⠑⠎⠂⠀⠯⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠌⠗⠊⠧⠑⠀⠀⠁⠋⠞⠻⠀
⠏⠻⠋⠑⠉⠞⠀⠗⠑⠛⠥⠇⠜⠊⠞⠽⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀⠍⠀⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠁⠉⠞⠊⠎⠑⠎⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀
⠑⠭⠻⠉⠊⠎⠑⠀⠮⠀⠀⠃⠑⠞⠞⠻⠀⠺⠀⠓⠑⠀⠃⠑⠀⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠿⠍⠀⠮⠀
⠇⠑⠞⠞⠻⠎⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠎⠥⠉⠉⠑⠫⠬⠀⠕⠝⠑⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠮⠀⠌⠥⠙⠢⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠁⠙⠧⠊⠎⠫⠀⠹⠕⠗⠳⠛⠓⠇⠽⠀⠞⠕⠀⠍⠁⠌⠻⠀⠐⠕⠀⠌⠁⠛⠑⠀⠃⠑⠿⠑⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠉⠑⠫⠬⠀⠀⠾⠀⠮⠀⠝⠑⠭⠞⠲⠀⠠⠐⠕⠀⠞⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠢⠀⠍⠁⠌⠻⠫⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.