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Illumination and Its Development in the Present Day ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

328,014 braille cells · 345 embossed pages at 40×25 · 321 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠀⠺⠓⠕⠇⠑⠀⠁⠞⠞⠑⠝⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠞⠗⠕⠅⠑⠎⠂
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠁⠉⠊⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀⠞⠕⠀⠀⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠑⠀⠺⠑⠇⠇⠤⠋⠕⠗⠍⠑⠙⠀
⠇⠑⠞⠞⠑⠗⠎⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠎⠕⠕⠝⠀⠃⠑⠀⠁⠉⠟⠥⠊⠗⠑⠙⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠁⠝⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠃⠁⠙⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠎⠀⠕⠋⠞⠑⠝⠀
⠙⠥⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠑⠝⠲⠀⠠⠊⠋⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠀⠉⠥⠞⠀⠎⠕⠀
⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠞⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠛⠊⠧⠑⠀⠉⠗⠊⠎⠏⠀⠎⠞⠗⠕⠅⠑⠎⠀⠛⠕⠕⠙⠀
⠇⠑⠞⠞⠑⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠎⠀⠊⠍⠏⠕⠎⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠞⠥⠙⠑⠝⠞⠀
⠎⠓⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠺⠁⠎⠞⠑⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠀⠞⠗⠽⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠕⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠑⠀
⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠁⠀⠃⠁⠙⠇⠽⠤⠉⠥⠞⠀⠏⠑⠝⠆⠀⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠍⠥⠉⠓⠀⠃⠑⠞⠞⠑⠗
⠀⠞⠕⠀⠗⠑⠤⠉⠥⠞⠀⠊⠞⠀⠎⠞⠗⠁⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠁⠺⠁⠽⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠋⠞⠑⠗⠀
⠏⠗⠁⠉⠞⠊⠎⠊⠝⠛⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠑⠞⠞⠑⠗⠎⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠎⠊⠵⠑⠂⠀⠓⠑⠀⠎⠓⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠗⠑⠙⠥⠉⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠑⠝⠀
⠎⠓⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑⠀⠉⠥⠞⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠁⠀⠎⠍⠁⠇⠇⠑⠗⠀⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠎⠥⠊⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠊⠵⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠇⠑⠞⠞⠑⠗⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠇⠊⠝⠑⠎
⠀⠎⠓⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑⠀⠗⠥⠇⠑⠙⠀⠉⠇⠕⠎⠑⠗⠀⠞⠕⠛⠑⠞⠓⠑⠗⠲⠀⠠⠓⠑⠀
⠎⠓⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠑⠝⠙⠑⠁⠧⠕⠥⠗⠀⠀⠞⠕⠀⠛⠑⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀
⠉⠗⠊⠎⠏⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠓⠁⠗⠏⠀⠙⠊⠎⠞⠊⠝⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠃⠑⠞⠺⠑⠑⠝⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠓⠊⠉⠅⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠀⠞⠓⠊⠝⠀⠎⠞⠗⠕⠅⠑⠎⠀⠁⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠇⠁⠗⠛⠑⠗⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠊⠝⠛⠲⠀⠠⠓⠑⠀⠎⠓⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠗⠑⠎⠞⠀
⠎⠁⠞⠊⠎⠋⠊⠑⠙⠀⠀⠥⠝⠞⠊⠇⠀⠓⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠑⠀
⠉⠇⠑⠁⠗⠀⠎⠓⠁⠗⠏⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠝⠀⠎⠊⠝⠛⠇⠑⠀⠇⠊⠝⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠓⠑
⠀⠀⠎⠓⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠎⠞⠗⠊⠧⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠅⠑⠑⠏⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠞⠗⠕⠅⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠑⠞⠞⠑⠗⠎⠀⠟⠥⠊⠞⠑⠀⠥⠏⠗⠊⠛⠓⠞⠂⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠀⠇⠑⠁⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠕⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠑⠋⠞⠲⠀⠠⠊⠋⠀⠓⠑⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀
⠏⠗⠁⠉⠞⠊⠎⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠁⠗⠇⠊⠑⠗⠀⠀⠑⠭⠑⠗⠉⠊⠎⠑⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.