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Illumination and Its Development in the Present Day ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

328,014 braille cells · 345 embossed pages at 40×25 · 321 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠙⠊⠎⠞⠊⠝⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠃⠑⠞⠺⠑⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠓⠊⠉⠅⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠊⠝⠀
⠎⠞⠗⠕⠅⠑⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠎⠞⠗⠊⠧⠑⠀⠀⠁⠋⠞⠑⠗⠀⠏⠑⠗⠋⠑⠉⠞⠀
⠗⠑⠛⠥⠇⠁⠗⠊⠞⠽⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠁⠉⠞⠊⠎⠑⠎⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠑⠭⠑⠗⠉⠊⠎⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠃⠑⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠓⠑⠀⠃⠑⠀⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠋⠕⠗⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠑⠞⠞⠑⠗⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠥⠉⠉⠑⠑⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠝⠑⠎⠲
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠞⠥⠙⠑⠝⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠙⠧⠊⠎⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠕⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠇⠽⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠍⠁⠎⠞⠑⠗⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠎⠞⠁⠛⠑⠀⠃⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠉⠑⠑⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠀
⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠑⠭⠞⠲⠀⠠⠕⠝⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀
⠍⠁⠎⠞⠑⠗⠑⠙⠀⠊⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠧⠁⠇⠥⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠎⠑⠧⠑⠗⠁⠇⠀⠀
⠓⠥⠗⠗⠊⠑⠙⠀⠕⠧⠑⠗⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠀⠉⠁⠗⠑⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠋⠁⠎⠓⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠠⠉⠓⠁⠏⠞⠑⠗⠀⠠⠠⠊⠧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠠⠋⠕⠗⠍⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠠⠠⠕⠋
⠀⠠⠠⠇⠑⠞⠞⠑⠗⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠓⠁⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀⠃⠑⠉⠕⠍⠑⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀
⠁⠉⠟⠥⠁⠊⠝⠞⠑⠙⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠥⠎⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠑⠝⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠝⠑⠭⠞⠀⠀⠎⠞⠑⠏⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠞⠁⠅⠑⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠇⠑⠞⠞⠑⠗⠎⠂⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠏⠗⠊⠝⠉⠊⠏⠇⠑⠀⠁⠎⠀⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠞⠗⠕⠅⠑⠎⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠁⠎⠞⠀
⠉⠓⠁⠏⠞⠑⠗⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠋⠊⠛⠲⠀⠼⠛⠀⠎⠓⠕⠺⠎⠀⠁⠝⠀⠁⠇⠏⠓⠁⠃⠑⠞⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠉⠁⠏⠊⠞⠁⠇⠀⠇⠑⠞⠞⠑⠗⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠍⠁⠇⠇
⠀⠀⠇⠑⠞⠞⠑⠗⠎⠲⠀⠠⠑⠁⠉⠓⠀⠇⠑⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠊⠎⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠑⠙⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀
⠎⠊⠍⠏⠇⠑⠀⠏⠑⠝⠤⠎⠞⠗⠕⠅⠑⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠞⠥⠙⠑⠝⠞⠀⠀
⠎⠓⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠑⠭⠏⠑⠗⠊⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠝⠕⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠊⠉⠥⠇⠞⠽⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠋⠕⠗⠍⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠁⠋⠞⠑⠗⠀⠏⠗⠁⠉⠞⠊⠎⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀
⠏⠗⠑⠧⠊⠕⠥⠎⠀⠑⠭⠑⠗⠉⠊⠎⠑⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠏⠑⠗⠓⠁⠏⠎⠀⠊⠞⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀
⠝⠕⠞⠀⠃⠑⠀⠁⠍⠊⠎⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠛⠊⠧⠑⠀⠁⠀⠋⠑⠺⠀⠎⠥⠛⠛⠑⠎⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀
⠁⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠊⠝⠛⠲⠀⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠑⠀⠓⠑⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.