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Illumination and Its Development in the Present Day ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

328,014 braille cells · 345 embossed pages at 40×25 · 321 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠛⠊⠧⠑⠝⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠚⠥⠎⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠉⠞⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠛⠥⠊⠙⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠎⠞⠥⠙⠑⠝⠞⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠊⠇⠇⠥⠎⠞⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠒⠀⠠⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠠⠏⠑⠝⠀⠀
⠠⠠⠋⠊⠛⠲⠀⠼⠑⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠉⠥⠞⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠊⠃⠂⠀⠉⠁⠗⠑⠀
⠎⠓⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑⠀⠞⠁⠅⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠇⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠀⠉⠇⠑⠁⠝
⠀⠉⠥⠞⠂⠀⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠑⠟⠥⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠏⠕⠗⠞⠊⠕⠝⠑⠙⠀⠕⠝⠀⠑⠁⠉⠓⠀⠎⠊⠙⠑⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠏⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠀
⠊⠎⠀⠃⠑⠎⠞⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠁⠀⠏⠊⠑⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠊⠝⠀⠃⠗⠁⠎⠎⠂
⠀⠉⠕⠏⠏⠑⠗⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀⠏⠥⠗⠑⠀⠞⠊⠝⠲⠀⠠⠊⠋⠂⠀⠀⠕⠗⠙⠊⠝⠁⠗⠽⠀
⠞⠊⠝⠝⠑⠙⠀⠊⠗⠕⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀⠥⠎⠑⠙⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠇⠊⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠛⠑⠞⠀
⠗⠥⠎⠞⠽⠀⠃⠑⠎⠊⠙⠑⠎⠀⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛⠀⠀⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠞⠕⠕⠀
⠞⠓⠊⠉⠅⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠃⠑⠀⠋⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠁⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀
⠙⠑⠁⠇⠀⠙⠑⠏⠑⠝⠙⠎⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠊⠝⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀
⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠑⠙⠂⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠗⠑⠛⠁⠗⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠇⠕⠺⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠊⠝⠅⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠑⠝⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠥⠎⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠗⠑⠑⠙⠀⠏⠑⠝⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠇⠁⠗⠛⠑⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠞⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠃⠑⠀
⠋⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠝⠑⠉⠑⠎⠎⠁⠗⠽⠀⠞⠕⠀⠀⠏⠁⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠥⠗⠧⠑⠙⠀
⠊⠝⠎⠊⠙⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠑⠝⠀⠟⠥⠊⠞⠑⠀⠋⠇⠁⠞⠀⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠂⠀⠞⠕⠀⠑⠝⠎⠥⠗⠑⠀⠁⠀⠀⠋⠊⠗⠍⠀⠎⠞⠗⠕⠅⠑⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀
⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠺⠊⠎⠑⠀⠁⠀⠓⠕⠇⠇⠕⠺⠀⠎⠞⠗⠕⠅⠑⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠃⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠗⠑⠎⠥⠇⠞⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠋⠕⠗⠀⠎⠍⠁⠇⠇⠑⠗⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠑⠎⠞
⠀⠏⠑⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠥⠗⠅⠑⠽⠀⠟⠥⠊⠇⠇⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠕⠕⠎⠑⠀
⠟⠥⠊⠇⠇⠀⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠟⠥⠊⠞⠑⠀⠋⠊⠗⠍⠀⠑⠝⠕⠥⠛⠓⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠁⠀
⠛⠕⠕⠙⠀⠞⠥⠗⠅⠑⠽⠀⠟⠥⠊⠇⠇⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀⠃⠑⠀⠉⠥⠞⠀⠑⠊⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠀⠋⠕⠗
⠀⠟⠥⠊⠞⠑⠀⠞⠊⠝⠽⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠗⠀⠇⠁⠗⠛⠑⠀⠃⠕⠇⠙⠀
⠺⠗⠊⠞⠊⠝⠛⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠃⠑⠎⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠞⠗⠊⠏⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.