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Illumination and Its Development in the Present Day ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

328,014 braille cells · 345 embossed pages at 40×25 · 321 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠉⠓⠁⠗⠁⠉⠞⠑⠗⠎⠀⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠋⠇⠕⠺⠊⠝⠛⠀⠉⠥⠗⠧⠑⠎⠀⠊⠎
⠀⠎⠥⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠃⠑⠀⠑⠁⠎⠊⠇⠽⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠑⠙⠀
⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠀⠁⠀⠎⠓⠁⠗⠏⠇⠽⠤⠉⠥⠞⠀⠗⠑⠑⠙⠀⠕⠗⠀⠟⠥⠊⠇⠇⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠇⠑⠞⠞⠑⠗⠎⠂⠀⠠⠁⠂⠀⠠⠙⠂⠀⠠⠑⠂⠀⠠⠓⠂⠀⠠⠍⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠥⠂⠀⠁⠗⠑
⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠊⠝⠉⠊⠏⠁⠇⠀⠇⠑⠞⠞⠑⠗⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠎⠓⠕⠺⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠉⠓⠁⠗⠁⠉⠞⠑⠗⠊⠎⠞⠊⠉⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀
⠺⠗⠊⠞⠊⠝⠛⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠎⠑⠑⠍⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠍⠕⠝⠀⠥⠎⠑⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠃⠕⠕⠅⠤⠓⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠋⠕⠥⠗⠞⠓
⠀⠉⠑⠝⠞⠥⠗⠽⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠂⠀⠓⠕⠺⠑⠧⠑⠗⠂⠀⠞⠓⠕⠥⠛⠓⠞⠀⠃⠽⠀
⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠟⠥⠊⠞⠑⠀⠀⠏⠕⠎⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠞⠀
⠍⠁⠽⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠊⠝⠀⠥⠎⠑⠀⠁⠎⠀⠑⠁⠗⠇⠽⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠞⠓⠊⠗⠙⠀⠉⠑⠝⠞⠥⠗⠽⠂⠀⠀⠁⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠇⠙⠑⠎⠞⠀
⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠍⠑⠝⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠑⠞⠞⠑⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠁⠏⠏⠑⠁⠗⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠀⠃⠑⠀⠋⠥⠇⠇⠽⠀⠙⠑⠧⠑⠇⠕⠏⠑⠙⠲⠀⠠⠕⠝⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠁⠇⠀⠙⠊⠎⠞⠊⠝⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠅⠊⠝⠙⠀⠕⠋
⠀⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠁⠽⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠧⠑⠗⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠎⠞⠗⠕⠅⠑⠎⠀⠗⠊⠎⠑⠀⠁⠃⠕⠧⠑⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀⠋⠁⠇⠇⠀⠀
⠃⠑⠇⠕⠺⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠊⠝⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠊⠝⠛⠲⠀⠠⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠋⠊⠋⠞⠓⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠊⠛⠓⠞⠓⠀⠉⠑⠝⠞⠥⠗⠊⠑⠎⠀⠊⠞⠀⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀
⠛⠊⠧⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠑⠍⠊⠑⠗⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠑⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠇⠊⠞⠑⠗⠁⠗⠽⠀
⠓⠁⠝⠙⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠁⠗⠇⠽⠀⠥⠝⠉⠊⠁⠇⠎⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠟⠥⠁⠗⠑⠀⠉⠁⠏⠊⠞⠁⠇⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠗⠥⠎⠞⠊⠉⠀⠉⠁⠏⠊⠞⠁⠇⠎⠂
⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠞⠑⠝⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠁⠀⠀⠏⠑⠝⠀⠉⠥⠞⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠁⠀
⠎⠇⠁⠝⠞⠑⠙⠀⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠍⠊⠭⠑⠙⠀⠠⠠⠥⠝⠉⠊⠁⠇⠀
⠠⠠⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠠⠍⠊⠝⠥⠎⠉⠥⠇⠑⠀⠠⠠⠺⠗⠊⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠍⠥⠎⠞⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.