Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Philosophy / Aristotle / Braille

Aristotle ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

211,216 braille cells · 225 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,382 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠞⠓⠑⠍⠲⠀⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠕⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠥⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀
⠛⠑⠕⠍⠑⠞⠑⠗⠀⠕⠗⠀⠁⠀⠏⠓⠽⠎⠊⠉⠊⠎⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠙⠑⠁⠇⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀
⠕⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠥⠉⠓⠀⠥⠝⠊⠧⠑⠗⠎⠁⠇⠀⠏⠗⠊⠝⠉⠊⠏⠇⠑⠎⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠁⠺⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠞⠗⠁⠙⠊⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠎⠁⠋⠑⠇⠽⠀⠁⠎⠎⠥⠍⠑⠀
⠎⠥⠉⠓⠀⠏⠗⠊⠝⠉⠊⠏⠇⠑⠎⠆⠀⠊⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠁⠞⠞⠁⠉⠅⠑⠙⠂⠀
⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠃⠽⠀⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠋⠊⠉⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠛⠑⠕⠍⠑⠞⠗⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠕⠗
⠀⠏⠓⠽⠎⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠙⠑⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀
⠃⠑⠀⠙⠑⠋⠑⠝⠙⠑⠙⠲⠀⠀⠠⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠊⠝⠉⠊⠏⠇⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠁⠇⠀⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠉⠑⠎⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀
⠑⠭⠁⠍⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠙⠑⠋⠑⠝⠙⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠁⠇⠀
⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠉⠑⠎⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠞⠁⠗⠞⠊⠝⠛⠤⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠎
⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠉⠑⠎⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠑⠍⠏⠇⠕⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠆⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠉⠑⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠀⠚⠥⠎⠞⠊⠋⠊⠑⠙⠀
⠊⠝⠀⠗⠑⠟⠥⠊⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠎⠓⠁⠇⠇⠀⠃⠑⠀⠁⠙⠍⠊⠞⠞⠑⠙
⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠉⠕⠝⠙⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠛⠑⠕⠍⠑⠞⠗⠊⠉⠁⠇⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀
⠏⠓⠽⠎⠊⠉⠁⠇⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀⠃⠊⠕⠇⠕⠛⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠙⠑⠍⠕⠝⠎⠞⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠲⠀
⠠⠊⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠉⠁⠇⠇⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠟⠥⠑⠎⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠙⠑⠋⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠥⠎⠊⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠇⠕⠛⠊⠉⠲⠀⠀⠠⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀⠠⠏⠓⠊⠇⠕⠎⠕⠏⠓⠽⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠝⠂⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠎⠞⠥⠙⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠠⠊⠎⠀⠎⠊⠍⠏⠇⠽⠀⠁⠎⠀⠎⠥⠉⠓⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠥⠝⠊⠧⠑⠗⠎⠁⠇⠀⠏⠗⠊⠝⠉⠊⠏⠇⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠞⠗⠥⠉⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀
⠺⠊⠞⠓⠕⠥⠞⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠉⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑⠀⠝⠕⠀⠕⠗⠙⠑⠗⠑⠙⠀
⠎⠽⠎⠞⠑⠍⠀⠕⠋⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠕⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠎⠲⠀⠀⠠⠃⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠺⠕⠗⠙⠀⠊⠎⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠎⠑⠝⠎⠑⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.