Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Philosophy / Aristotle / Braille

Aristotle ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

2,454,643 braille cells · 2,614 embossed pages at 40×25 · 39,035 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠀⠀⠙⠑⠎⠊⠗⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠗⠑⠎⠊⠙⠑⠝⠉⠑⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠏⠗⠑⠧⠁⠇⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠽⠉⠕⠏⠓⠁⠝⠉⠽⠀⠕⠗⠀⠋⠁⠇⠎⠑⠀⠀
⠁⠉⠉⠥⠎⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠎⠁⠙⠀⠙⠗⠁⠺⠃⠁⠉⠅⠀⠞⠕⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀
⠧⠁⠇⠥⠑⠆⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠕⠧⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠓⠑⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠀⠗⠑⠞⠊⠗⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠠⠉⠓⠁⠇⠅⠊⠎⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠕⠗⠙⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠁⠞⠓⠑⠝⠊⠁⠝⠎⠀
⠍⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠕⠏⠏⠕⠗⠞⠥⠝⠊⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠎⠊⠝⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠀⠎⠑⠉⠕⠝⠙⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠀⠁⠛⠁⠊⠝⠎⠞⠀
⠏⠓⠊⠇⠕⠎⠕⠏⠓⠽⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠀⠁⠇⠗⠑⠁⠙⠽⠀⠙⠕⠝⠑⠀
⠕⠝⠉⠑⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠑⠗⠎⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠎⠕⠅⠗⠁⠞⠑⠎⠲⠼⠉⠛⠀⠠⠊⠝
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠕⠗⠀⠀⠁⠝⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠇⠑⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠠⠁⠝⠞⠊⠏⠁⠞⠑⠗⠂⠀⠓⠑⠀⠁⠙⠧⠑⠗⠞⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠝⠀⠓⠕⠝⠕⠗⠊⠋⠊⠉⠀
⠞⠗⠊⠃⠥⠞⠑⠀⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠧⠕⠞⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠓⠊⠍⠀⠁⠞⠀
⠠⠙⠑⠇⠏⠓⠊⠀⠃⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠑⠁⠞⠓⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠁⠇⠑⠭⠁⠝⠙⠑⠗⠂⠀
⠃⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠧⠕⠞⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠎⠊⠝⠉⠑⠀
⠗⠑⠎⠉⠊⠝⠙⠑⠙⠲⠀⠠⠓⠑⠀⠊⠝⠞⠊⠍⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠙⠊⠎⠁⠏⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠊⠝⠙⠊⠋⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠓⠊⠍⠂⠀⠽⠑⠞⠀⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠀⠀⠝⠕⠀⠎⠑⠗⠊⠕⠥⠎⠀
⠁⠝⠝⠕⠽⠁⠝⠉⠑⠲⠼⠉⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠋⠕⠕⠞⠝⠕⠞⠑⠀⠼⠉⠙⠒⠀
⠠⠉⠑⠝⠎⠕⠗⠊⠝⠥⠎⠂⠀⠠⠙⠑⠀⠠⠙⠊⠑⠀⠠⠝⠁⠞⠁⠇⠊⠤⠤⠠⠍⠝⠁⠛⠑⠀⠁⠙
⠀⠠⠙⠊⠕⠛⠑⠝⠲⠀⠠⠇⠁⠑⠗⠞⠲⠀⠧⠲⠀⠀⠼⠁⠋⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠋⠕⠕⠞⠝⠕⠞⠑⠀
⠼⠉⠑⠒⠀⠠⠙⠊⠕⠛⠑⠝⠑⠎⠀⠠⠇⠲⠀⠓⠕⠺⠑⠧⠑⠗⠀⠶⠧⠲⠀⠼⠓⠶⠀⠛⠁⠧⠑⠀
⠉⠗⠑⠙⠊⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠎⠞⠕⠗⠽⠂⠀⠀⠁⠎⠀⠺⠑⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠎⠑⠑⠀⠃⠽⠀
⠓⠊⠎⠀⠠⠑⠏⠊⠛⠗⠁⠍⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠋⠕⠕⠞⠝⠕⠞⠑⠀⠼⠉⠋⠒⠀⠠⠁⠞⠓⠑⠝⠥⠎
⠀⠭⠧⠲⠀⠏⠲⠀⠼⠋⠊⠋⠂⠀⠼⠋⠊⠛⠲⠀⠠⠏⠗⠕⠃⠁⠃⠇⠽⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠗⠑⠏⠇⠽
⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀⠠⠁⠗⠊⠎⠞⠕⠞⠇⠑⠀⠶⠞⠓⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠠⠵⠑⠇⠇⠑⠗⠂⠀⠏⠲⠀⠼⠉⠉⠂

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.