Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Philosophy / The Law of Civilization and Decay: An Essay on History / Braille

The Law of Civilization and Decay: An Essay on History ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

692,791 braille cells · 732 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,979 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠦⠠⠍⠽⠀⠇⠕⠗⠙⠎⠂⠀⠽⠕⠥⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠑⠝⠛⠁⠛⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠑⠎⠞⠀⠏⠑⠕⠏⠇⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠇⠙⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠓⠊⠛⠓⠑⠎⠞⠀⠑⠝⠞⠑⠗⠏⠗⠊⠎⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠑⠧⠑⠗⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀
⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠞⠁⠅⠑⠝⠆⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠊⠀⠁⠍⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠕⠇⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠋⠑⠑⠃⠇⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠝⠑⠑⠙⠀⠗⠑⠏⠕⠎⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠍⠀⠊⠝⠋⠊⠗⠍⠀
⠊⠝⠀⠃⠕⠙⠽⠆⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠠⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠎⠑⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠝⠕⠝⠑⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠍⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠗⠕⠇⠀⠽⠕⠥⠀⠁⠎⠀⠠⠊⠀⠉⠁⠝⠂⠀⠺⠓⠕⠀
⠁⠍⠀⠽⠕⠥⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠕⠛⠑⠲⠀⠠⠊⠋⠀⠽⠕⠥⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠏⠑⠗⠍⠊⠞⠀
⠍⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠁⠅⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠗⠕⠎⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠇⠑⠁⠙⠀⠽⠕⠥⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠀⠀
⠇⠑⠞⠀⠍⠽⠀⠎⠕⠝⠀⠎⠞⠁⠽⠀⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠍⠽⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠙⠥⠉⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠕⠧⠑⠗⠝⠍⠑⠝⠞⠂⠀⠠⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠛⠕⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠇⠊⠧⠑⠀⠕⠗⠀⠙⠊⠑⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠽⠕⠥⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠏⠊⠇⠛⠗⠊⠍⠎⠲⠴⠼⠁⠃⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠧⠊⠇⠇⠑⠤⠠⠓⠁⠗⠙⠕⠥⠊⠝⠄⠎⠀
⠎⠊⠍⠏⠇⠑⠀⠉⠓⠗⠕⠝⠊⠉⠇⠑⠀⠎⠓⠕⠺⠎⠀⠓⠕⠺⠀⠏⠑⠗⠋⠑⠉⠞⠇⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠕⠇⠙⠀⠍⠁⠝⠀⠅⠝⠑⠺⠀⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠁⠥⠙⠊⠑⠝⠉⠑⠒⠤⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠦⠠⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠏⠊⠞⠽⠀⠁⠍⠕⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠑⠕⠏⠇⠑⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠥⠝⠞⠗⠽⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠏⠊⠇⠛⠗⠊⠍⠎⠂⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠍⠁⠝⠽⠀⠞⠑⠁⠗⠎⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠎⠓⠑⠙⠂⠀⠃⠑⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠺⠕⠗⠞⠓⠽⠀⠍⠁⠝⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠎⠕⠀⠍⠥⠉⠓⠀⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠎⠞⠁⠽⠀⠃⠑⠓⠊⠝⠙⠆⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠓⠑⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠕⠇⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠲⠲⠲⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠎⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠏⠕⠕⠗⠲⠴⠼⠁⠉⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠍⠊⠙⠎⠞⠀⠁⠝⠀
⠕⠥⠞⠃⠥⠗⠎⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠑⠝⠞⠓⠥⠎⠊⠁⠎⠍⠀⠁⠎⠎⠑⠝⠞⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠛⠊⠧⠑⠝⠲
⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠝⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠇⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠉⠓⠥⠗⠉⠓⠀⠗⠁⠝⠛⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀
⠎⠓⠕⠥⠞⠎⠂⠀⠠⠙⠁⠝⠙⠕⠇⠕⠀⠅⠝⠑⠇⠞⠀⠃⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠇⠞⠁⠗⠂
⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠀⠏⠁⠎⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠑⠁⠗⠎⠀⠋⠊⠭⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠗⠕⠎⠎⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.