Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Philosophy / The Law of Civilization and Decay: An Essay on History / Braille

The Law of Civilization and Decay: An Essay on History ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

692,791 braille cells · 732 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,979 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠀⠑⠁⠉⠓⠀⠁⠍⠃⠊⠞⠊⠕⠥⠎⠀⠎⠞⠑⠏⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠗⠕⠍⠁⠝⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠏⠕⠝⠞⠊⠋⠋⠎⠆⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠍⠏⠑⠗⠕⠗⠎⠀⠃⠇⠥⠎⠓⠑⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠞⠗⠑⠍⠃⠇⠑⠙⠀⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠛⠝⠕⠍⠊⠝⠊⠕⠥⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⠁⠞⠑⠀⠕⠋
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠗⠕⠽⠁⠇⠀⠃⠗⠑⠞⠓⠗⠑⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠛⠑⠗⠍⠁⠝⠽⠆⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠑⠕⠏⠇⠑⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠎⠉⠁⠝⠙⠁⠇⠊⠵⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠞⠑⠍⠏⠕⠗⠁⠇⠀⠏⠕⠺⠑⠗⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠍⠊⠇⠊⠞⠁⠗⠽⠀⠇⠊⠋⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠠⠇⠁⠞⠊⠝⠀⠉⠇⠑⠗⠛⠽⠲⠴⠼⠊⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠉⠓⠁⠏⠞⠑⠗⠀
⠠⠠⠊⠊⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠠⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀⠠⠠⠉⠗⠥⠎⠁⠙⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠥⠝⠞⠊⠇⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠑⠉⠓⠁⠝⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠁⠗⠞⠎⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠁⠙⠧⠁⠝⠉⠑⠙
⠀⠋⠁⠗⠀⠑⠝⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠞⠕⠀⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠞⠞⠁⠉⠅⠀⠀⠊⠝⠀⠺⠁⠗⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠏⠗⠑⠙⠕⠍⠊⠝⠁⠞⠑⠀⠕⠧⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠑⠋⠑⠝⠉⠑⠂⠀
⠉⠑⠝⠞⠗⠁⠇⠊⠵⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠉⠁⠝⠝⠕⠞⠀⠃⠑⠛⠊⠝⠆⠀⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠁
⠀⠍⠥⠙⠀⠺⠁⠇⠇⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀⠎⠞⠕⠏⠀⠁⠝⠀⠁⠗⠍⠽⠂⠀⠁⠀⠏⠕⠇⠊⠉⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠊⠍⠏⠕⠎⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠎⠥⠏⠑⠗⠊⠕⠗⠊⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠁⠞⠞⠁⠉⠅⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠑⠉⠗⠑⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠕⠺⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠕⠝⠊⠑⠙⠀⠀⠉⠇⠁⠎⠎⠀⠺⠓⠕⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠗⠕⠇⠇⠑⠙⠀⠠⠗⠕⠍⠑⠂⠀
⠃⠑⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠍⠕⠝⠑⠽⠀⠁⠀⠍⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠀⠉⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑⠀⠀
⠍⠁⠊⠝⠞⠁⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀⠊⠝⠙⠊⠧⠊⠙⠥⠁⠇⠀
⠗⠑⠎⠊⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠥⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠟⠥⠑⠎⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠀
⠗⠑⠧⠕⠇⠞⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠊⠉⠥⠇⠞⠲⠀⠠⠞⠊⠞⠥⠎⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠓⠁⠗⠙⠇⠽⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑
⠀⠞⠗⠕⠥⠃⠇⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠗⠑⠙⠥⠉⠊⠝⠛⠀⠠⠚⠑⠗⠥⠎⠁⠇⠑⠍⠂⠀⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠙⠊⠎⠏⠑⠗⠎⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠚⠑⠺⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠁⠀⠍⠕⠙⠑⠗⠝⠀
⠕⠋⠋⠊⠉⠑⠗⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠀⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠁⠗⠀⠀
⠉⠊⠗⠉⠥⠍⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠁⠗⠃⠁⠗⠊⠁⠝⠎⠀
⠕⠧⠑⠗⠗⠁⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠗⠕⠍⠁⠝⠀⠏⠗⠕⠧⠊⠝⠉⠑⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.