Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Engineering & Technology / On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures / Braille

On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

525,327 braille cells · 550 embossed pages at 40×25 · 71 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠕⠮⠗⠺⠊⠎⠑⠀⠗⠑⠁⠡⠲⠀⠠⠹⠊⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠉⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠊⠩⠫⠀⠃⠽⠀⠁⠀
⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠑⠎⠀⠷⠀⠀⠍⠊⠙⠙⠇⠑⠍⠢⠀⠕⠗⠀⠋⠁⠉⠞⠕⠗⠎⠂⠀⠏⠻⠎⠕⠝⠎⠀
⠏⠕⠎⠎⠑⠎⠎⠬⠀⠐⠎⠀⠉⠁⠏⠊⠞⠁⠇⠂⠀⠱⠕⠂⠀⠀⠱⠢⠑⠧⠻⠀⠮⠀⠏⠗⠊⠉⠑⠀
⠷⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠁⠗⠞⠊⠉⠇⠑⠎⠀⠔⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠮⠽⠀⠙⠑⠁⠇⠀⠊⠎⠀⠀
⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠇⠽⠀⠗⠫⠥⠉⠫⠂⠀⠏⠥⠗⠡⠁⠎⠑⠀⠭⠀⠕⠝⠀⠸⠮⠀⠕⠺⠝⠀
⠁⠉⠉⠳⠝⠞⠂⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠓⠕⠏⠑⠎⠀⠀⠷⠀⠎⠑⠇⠇⠬⠀⠁⠞⠀⠁⠀⠏⠗⠷⠊⠞⠀⠱⠢
⠀⠮⠀⠍⠜⠅⠑⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠃⠑⠞⠞⠻⠲⠀⠠⠘⠮⠀⠏⠻⠎⠕⠝⠎⠂⠀⠀⠔⠀⠕⠗⠙⠔⠜⠽
⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠎⠂⠀⠁⠉⠞⠀⠵⠀⠎⠁⠇⠑⠎⠍⠢⠀⠕⠗⠀⠁⠛⠢⠞⠎⠂⠀⠯⠀⠍⠁⠅⠑⠀
⠥⠏⠀⠀⠁⠎⠎⠕⠗⠞⠍⠢⠞⠎⠀⠷⠀⠛⠕⠕⠙⠎⠀⠁⠞⠀⠮⠀⠍⠜⠅⠑⠞⠀⠏⠗⠊⠉⠑⠂
⠀⠿⠀⠮⠀⠥⠎⠑⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠓⠕⠍⠑⠀⠀⠕⠗⠀⠿⠑⠊⠛⠝⠀⠙⠑⠁⠇⠻⠲⠀⠠⠮⠽⠀
⠏⠕⠎⠎⠑⠎⠎⠀⠇⠜⠛⠑⠀⠺⠜⠑⠓⠳⠎⠑⠎⠀⠔⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠞⠕⠀⠍⠁⠅⠑⠀⠀⠥⠏⠀
⠸⠮⠀⠕⠗⠙⠻⠎⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀⠅⠑⠑⠏⠀⠔⠀⠌⠕⠗⠑⠀⠁⠗⠞⠊⠉⠇⠑⠎⠀
⠏⠥⠗⠡⠁⠎⠫⠀⠙⠥⠗⠬⠀⠀⠏⠻⠊⠕⠙⠎⠀⠷⠀⠙⠑⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠊⠕⠝⠆⠀⠹⠥⠎⠀
⠁⠉⠞⠬⠀⠵⠀⠁⠀⠅⠔⠙⠀⠷⠀⠋⠇⠽⠱⠑⠑⠇⠀⠔⠀⠀⠑⠟⠥⠁⠇⠊⠵⠬⠀⠮⠀
⠍⠜⠅⠑⠞⠀⠏⠗⠊⠉⠑⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠓⠑⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀⠑⠋⠋⠑⠉⠞⠀⠷⠀
⠕⠧⠻⠤⠍⠁⠝⠥⠋⠁⠉⠞⠥⠗⠬⠀⠘⠥⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠀⠑⠌⠁⠃⠇⠊⠩⠍⠢⠞⠎⠀⠊⠎
⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠻⠢⠞⠲⠀⠠⠱⠢⠀⠁⠝⠀⠕⠧⠻⠀⠎⠥⠏⠏⠇⠽⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠗⠫⠥⠉⠫⠀⠀
⠏⠗⠊⠉⠑⠎⠂⠀⠐⠕⠀⠷⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠑⠧⠢⠞⠎⠀⠥⠎⠥⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠕⠉⠉⠥⠗⠎⠒⠀⠮
⠀⠋⠊⠗⠌⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠀⠀⠙⠊⠍⠔⠊⠩⠫⠀⠏⠁⠽⠍⠢⠞⠀⠿⠀⠇⠁⠃⠳⠗⠆⠀⠮⠀
⠕⠮⠗⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠀⠙⠊⠍⠔⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠀⠮⠀⠝⠥⠍⠃⠻⠀⠷⠀⠓⠳⠗⠎⠀
⠙⠥⠗⠬⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠮⠀⠇⠁⠃⠳⠗⠻⠎⠀⠐⠺⠂⠀⠀⠞⠕⠛⠑⠮⠗⠀⠾⠀⠁⠀
⠙⠊⠍⠔⠊⠩⠫⠀⠗⠁⠞⠑⠀⠷⠀⠺⠁⠛⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠔⠀⠮⠀⠿⠍⠻⠀⠉⠁⠎⠑⠀⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠔⠥⠑⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠛⠀⠕⠝⠀⠁⠞⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀
⠕⠗⠙⠔⠜⠽⠀⠗⠁⠞⠑⠒⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠀⠇⠁⠞⠞⠻⠂⠀⠮⠀⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀
⠊⠞⠎⠑⠇⠋⠀⠃⠑⠬⠀⠡⠑⠉⠅⠫⠂⠀⠮⠀⠎⠥⠏⠏⠇⠽⠀⠀⠁⠛⠁⠔⠀⠁⠙⠚⠥⠌⠎⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.