Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Engineering & Technology / On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures / Braille

On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

525,327 braille cells · 550 embossed pages at 40×25 · 71 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠑⠋⠋⠑⠉⠞⠀⠀⠷⠀⠘⠮⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠔⠥⠁⠇⠀⠁⠙⠙⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠎⠑⠢⠀⠔
⠀⠮⠀⠙⠊⠍⠔⠊⠩⠫⠀⠏⠗⠊⠉⠑⠀⠯⠀⠀⠊⠝⠉⠗⠑⠁⠎⠫⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠥⠍⠏⠞⠊⠕⠝
⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠁⠗⠞⠊⠉⠇⠑⠲⠀⠠⠁⠇⠍⠕⠌⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠮⠀⠃⠑⠞⠞⠻⠀⠕⠗⠙⠻⠀⠀⠷
⠀⠩⠕⠏⠀⠋⠗⠕⠝⠞⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠝⠪⠀⠛⠇⠁⠵⠫⠀⠾⠀⠭⠲⠀⠠⠊⠋⠀⠭⠀⠶⠀⠟⠀
⠊⠝⠙⠑⠌⠗⠥⠉⠞⠊⠃⠇⠑⠂⠀⠮⠀⠏⠗⠊⠉⠑⠀⠺⠳⠇⠙⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠔⠥⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀
⠙⠊⠍⠔⠊⠩⠆⠀⠯⠀⠥⠝⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠀⠁⠝⠀⠊⠝⠉⠗⠑⠁⠎⠫⠀⠙⠑⠍⠯⠀⠁⠗⠕⠎⠑
⠀⠋⠀⠝⠑⠺⠀⠥⠎⠑⠎⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀⠋⠀⠁⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠻⠀⠝⠥⠍⠃⠻⠀⠀⠷⠀
⠉⠥⠌⠕⠍⠻⠎⠂⠀⠁⠀⠎⠬⠇⠑⠀⠍⠁⠝⠥⠋⠁⠉⠞⠕⠗⠽⠂⠀⠥⠝⠡⠑⠉⠅⠫⠀⠃⠽⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠏⠑⠞⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠀⠺⠳⠇⠙⠀⠥⠇⠞⠊⠍⠁⠞⠑⠇⠽⠀⠃⠑⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠏⠑⠇⠇⠫⠀⠞⠕⠀⠩⠥⠞⠀⠥⠏⠂⠀⠙⠗⠊⠧⠢⠀⠕⠥⠞⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠀⠍⠜⠅⠑⠞
⠀⠃⠽⠀⠮⠀⠏⠻⠍⠁⠝⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠷⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠕⠺⠝⠀⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠲⠀⠀
⠼⠃⠚⠚⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀⠍⠑⠞⠁⠇⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠔⠀⠐⠎⠀⠙⠑⠛⠗⠑⠑⠀⠏⠻⠍⠁⠝⠢⠞⠂
⠀⠁⠇⠹⠳⠛⠓⠀⠀⠎⠑⠧⠻⠁⠇⠀⠷⠀⠮⠍⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠑⠍⠏⠇⠕⠽⠫⠀⠔⠀⠎⠥⠡⠀
⠿⠍⠎⠀⠞⠀⠮⠽⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠀⠥⠇⠞⠊⠍⠁⠞⠑⠇⠽⠀⠇⠕⠌⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠉⠕⠏⠏⠻⠀
⠊⠎⠀⠁⠀⠍⠑⠞⠁⠇⠀⠷⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠁⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠕⠗⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀
⠗⠑⠞⠥⠗⠝⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠥⠎⠑⠒⠀⠀⠁⠀⠐⠏⠀⠷⠀⠞⠀⠑⠍⠏⠇⠕⠽⠫⠀⠔⠀
⠩⠑⠁⠹⠬⠀⠩⠊⠏⠎⠀⠯⠀⠉⠕⠧⠻⠬⠀⠓⠳⠎⠑⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠀⠇⠕⠌⠀⠋⠀
⠉⠕⠗⠗⠕⠎⠊⠕⠝⠆⠀⠃⠀⠮⠀⠗⠑⠌⠀⠊⠎⠀⠛⠢⠻⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠗⠑⠍⠑⠇⠞⠫⠲⠀
⠠⠐⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠀⠇⠕⠌⠀⠔⠀⠎⠍⠁⠇⠇⠀⠃⠗⠁⠎⠎⠀⠁⠗⠞⠊⠉⠇⠑⠎⠂⠀⠯⠀⠐⠎
⠀⠊⠎⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠥⠍⠫⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠀⠿⠍⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠎⠁⠇⠞⠎⠂⠀⠠⠗⠕⠍⠁⠝
⠀⠧⠊⠞⠗⠊⠕⠇⠀⠶⠎⠥⠇⠏⠓⠁⠞⠑⠀⠷⠀⠉⠕⠏⠏⠻⠶⠂⠀⠧⠻⠙⠊⠛⠗⠊⠎⠀⠀
⠶⠁⠉⠑⠞⠁⠞⠑⠀⠷⠀⠉⠕⠏⠏⠻⠶⠂⠀⠯⠀⠧⠻⠙⠊⠞⠻⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠛⠕⠇⠙⠀⠊⠎
⠀⠺⠁⠌⠫⠀⠔⠀⠛⠊⠇⠙⠬⠀⠯⠀⠔⠀⠑⠍⠃⠗⠕⠊⠙⠻⠬⠆⠀⠃⠀⠁⠀⠏⠕⠗⠞⠊⠕⠝
⠀⠀⠷⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠗⠑⠉⠕⠧⠻⠫⠀⠃⠽⠀⠃⠥⠗⠝⠬⠀⠮⠀⠕⠇⠙⠀
⠁⠗⠞⠊⠉⠇⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠐⠎⠀⠏⠕⠗⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀⠀⠇⠕⠌⠀⠃⠽⠀⠮⠀⠺⠑⠜⠀⠷

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.