Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Engineering & Technology / On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures / Braille

On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

633,884 braille cells · 669 embossed pages at 40×25 · 71 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠃⠽⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠀⠞⠗⠁⠧⠑⠗⠎⠑⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠁⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀
⠏⠊⠑⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠕⠋⠞⠀⠎⠞⠑⠑⠇⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠀⠊⠞⠀⠉⠥⠞⠎⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠑⠧⠊⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠗⠊⠛⠊⠝⠁⠇⠀⠙⠊⠑⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠕⠗⠀⠕⠝⠀⠁⠀⠀⠙⠊⠍⠊⠝⠊⠎⠓⠑⠙⠀⠎⠉⠁⠇⠑⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠙⠑⠛⠗⠑⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠑⠭⠉⠑⠇⠇⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠏⠽⠀
⠊⠝⠉⠗⠑⠁⠎⠑⠎⠀⠀⠊⠝⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠕⠗⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠁⠎⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠎⠍⠁⠇⠇⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠗⠊⠛⠊⠝⠁⠇⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠊⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁
⠀⠀⠉⠗⠕⠺⠝⠤⠏⠊⠑⠉⠑⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠋⠥⠗⠝⠊⠎⠓⠀⠃⠽⠀⠉⠕⠏⠽⠀⠁⠀
⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠞⠕⠇⠑⠗⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠙⠊⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠁⠀⠀⠎⠊⠭⠏⠑⠝⠉⠑⠲⠀⠠⠃⠥⠞
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠓⠊⠑⠋⠀⠥⠎⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠑⠭⠏⠑⠉⠞⠑⠙⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠇⠁⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠀⠏⠗⠑⠏⠁⠗⠑⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠁⠗⠎⠑⠗⠀
⠏⠁⠗⠞⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠇⠑⠁⠧⠑⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠊⠝⠑⠗⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑
⠀⠀⠑⠭⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠊⠧⠑⠀⠇⠊⠝⠑⠎⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠅⠊⠇⠇⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠛⠑⠝⠊⠥⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠗⠞⠊⠎⠞⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠑⠁⠲⠀
⠠⠎⠓⠕⠑⠤⠇⠁⠎⠞⠀⠍⠁⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠑⠝⠛⠊⠝⠑⠲⠀⠠⠁⠝⠀⠊⠝⠎⠞⠗⠥⠍⠑⠝⠞
⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠥⠝⠇⠊⠅⠑⠀⠀⠊⠝⠀⠏⠗⠊⠝⠉⠊⠏⠇⠑⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠏⠕⠎⠑⠙⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠥⠗⠏⠕⠎⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠁⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠎⠓⠕⠑⠀
⠇⠁⠎⠞⠎⠲⠀⠠⠁⠀⠀⠏⠁⠞⠞⠑⠗⠝⠀⠇⠁⠎⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀⠎⠓⠕⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠋⠕⠕⠞⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠀⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠏⠏⠁⠗⠁⠞⠥⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠀
⠺⠁⠎⠀⠍⠕⠧⠑⠙⠂⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠏⠊⠑⠉⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀⠺⠕⠕⠙⠂⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠑⠙⠀
⠊⠝⠀⠁⠝⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀
⠏⠗⠑⠧⠊⠕⠥⠎⠇⠽⠀⠁⠙⠚⠥⠎⠞⠑⠙⠀⠀⠃⠽⠀⠎⠉⠗⠑⠺⠎⠂⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠉⠥⠞
⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠇⠁⠎⠞⠎⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀⠕⠗⠀⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠕⠗⠊⠛⠊⠝⠁⠇⠂⠀⠀⠁⠎⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠙⠑⠎⠊⠗⠑⠙⠆⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠇⠞⠓⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.