Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / An Introduction to the History of Science / Braille

An Introduction to the History of Science ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

469,236 braille cells · 501 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,179 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠎⠑⠗⠧⠊⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠗⠕⠍⠁⠝⠀⠠⠎⠞⠁⠞⠑⠀⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑
⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠁⠥⠛⠥⠎⠞⠥⠎⠂⠀⠎⠓⠕⠗⠞⠇⠽⠀⠃⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠃⠑⠛⠊⠝⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠉⠓⠗⠊⠎⠞⠊⠁⠝⠀⠑⠗⠁⠲⠀⠠⠓⠑⠀
⠏⠇⠁⠝⠝⠑⠙⠀⠃⠁⠎⠊⠇⠊⠉⠁⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠟⠥⠑⠙⠥⠉⠞⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠙⠑⠎⠊⠛⠝⠑⠙⠀⠏⠕⠺⠑⠗⠋⠥⠇⠀⠺⠁⠗⠤⠑⠝⠛⠊⠝⠑⠎⠀⠉⠁⠏⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠕⠋
⠀⠓⠥⠗⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀⠗⠕⠉⠅⠎⠀⠺⠑⠊⠛⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠗⠑⠑⠀⠕⠗⠀⠋⠕⠥⠗⠀
⠓⠥⠝⠙⠗⠑⠙⠀⠏⠕⠥⠝⠙⠎⠲⠀⠠⠓⠑⠀⠅⠝⠑⠺⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠗⠞⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠉⠑⠎⠂⠀⠓⠑⠇⠙⠀⠇⠕⠋⠞⠽⠀⠊⠙⠑⠁⠇⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠋⠑⠎⠎⠊⠕⠝⠁⠇⠀⠉⠕⠝⠙⠥⠉⠞⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠙⠊⠛⠝⠊⠞⠽⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠺⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠙⠊⠇⠊⠛⠑⠝⠞⠀⠎⠞⠥⠙⠑⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠛⠗⠑⠑⠅⠀
⠏⠓⠊⠇⠕⠎⠕⠏⠓⠽⠲⠀⠀⠠⠺⠑⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠀⠕⠋⠀⠓⠊⠍⠀⠉⠓⠊⠑⠋⠇⠽⠀
⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠞⠑⠝⠀⠎⠓⠕⠗⠞⠀⠃⠕⠕⠅⠎⠀⠕⠝⠀
⠠⠁⠗⠉⠓⠊⠞⠑⠉⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠶⠠⠙⠑⠀⠠⠁⠗⠉⠓⠊⠞⠑⠉⠞⠥⠗⠁⠂⠀⠠⠇⠊⠃⠗⠊
⠀⠠⠙⠑⠉⠑⠍⠶⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠓⠑⠀⠞⠕⠥⠉⠓⠑⠎⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠍⠥⠉⠓⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠑⠁⠗⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠋⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠲⠀
⠠⠁⠗⠉⠓⠊⠞⠑⠉⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠠⠧⠊⠞⠗⠥⠧⠊⠥⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠀
⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠁⠗⠊⠎⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠥⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠁⠝⠽⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀
⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠉⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠏⠗⠁⠉⠞⠊⠉⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠕⠗⠽⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀
⠏⠁⠗⠑⠝⠞⠎⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠑⠗⠑⠇⠽⠀⠏⠗⠁⠉⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠍⠁⠝⠀⠇⠕⠎⠑⠎
⠀⠍⠥⠉⠓⠀⠃⠽⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠁⠉⠅⠛⠗⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠓⠊⠎⠀⠁⠉⠞⠊⠧⠊⠞⠊⠑⠎⠆⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠑⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠕⠗⠊⠎⠞⠀⠋⠁⠊⠇⠎⠀
⠃⠽⠀⠍⠊⠎⠞⠁⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠓⠁⠙⠕⠺⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠎⠥⠃⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠲⠀⠠⠧⠊⠞⠗⠥⠧⠊⠥⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠕⠗⠑⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇
⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠓⠊⠎⠞⠕⠗⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠃⠕⠕⠅⠀⠙⠗⠁⠺⠎⠀
⠇⠁⠗⠛⠑⠇⠽⠀⠕⠝⠀⠠⠛⠗⠑⠑⠅⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠑⠗⠎⠆⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.