Library / Philosophy / Historical materialism and the economics of Karl Marx / Braille
Historical materialism and the economics of Karl Marx ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.
Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt
275,448 braille cells · 291 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,050 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠧⠊⠑⠺⠀⠷⠀⠓⠊⠌⠕⠗⠽⠀⠊⠎⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠂⠀⠯⠀⠎⠥⠊⠞⠫⠀⠞⠕⠀⠮⠀ ⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠍⠕⠙⠻⠝⠀⠎⠕⠉⠊⠁⠇⠊⠌⠀⠍⠕⠧⠑⠍⠢⠞⠲⠀ ⠠⠭⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠗⠥⠑⠀⠞⠀⠮⠀⠓⠊⠌⠕⠗⠊⠁⠝⠀⠍⠥⠌⠀⠗⠢⠙⠻⠀⠑⠭⠁⠉⠞⠀⠯ ⠀⠙⠑⠋⠔⠊⠞⠑⠀⠔⠀⠑⠁⠡⠀⠏⠜⠞⠊⠉⠥⠇⠜⠀⠊⠝⠌⠁⠝⠉⠑⠂⠀⠞⠀ ⠉⠕⠤⠕⠗⠙⠔⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠯⠀⠎⠥⠃⠕⠗⠙⠔⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠋⠁⠉⠞⠕⠗⠎⠀ ⠱⠊⠡⠀⠊⠎⠀⠊⠝⠙⠊⠉⠁⠞⠫⠀⠃⠽⠀⠓⠊⠌⠕⠗⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠍⠁⠞⠻⠊⠁⠇⠊⠎⠍⠂ ⠀⠔⠀⠛⠢⠻⠁⠇⠂⠀⠿⠀⠮⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠻⠀⠝⠥⠍⠃⠻⠀⠷⠀⠉⠁⠎⠑⠎⠂⠀⠯⠀ ⠁⠏⠏⠗⠕⠭⠊⠍⠁⠞⠑⠇⠽⠆⠀⠓⠻⠑⠔⠀⠇⠊⠑⠎⠀⠦⠀⠞⠁⠎⠅⠀⠯⠀⠦⠀ ⠙⠊⠋⠋⠊⠉⠥⠇⠞⠊⠑⠎⠂⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠞⠊⠍⠑⠎⠀⠃⠑⠀ ⠊⠝⠎⠥⠗⠍⠳⠝⠞⠁⠃⠇⠑⠲⠀⠠⠃⠀⠝⠪⠀⠮⠀⠗⠕⠁⠙⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠢⠀ ⠏⠕⠔⠞⠫⠀⠕⠥⠞⠂⠀⠁⠇⠕⠝⠛⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠮⠀⠎⠕⠇⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠍⠥⠌⠀⠃⠑⠀ ⠎⠳⠛⠓⠞⠂⠀⠷⠀⠐⠎⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠑⠌⠀⠏⠗⠕⠃⠇⠑⠍⠎⠀⠷⠀ ⠓⠊⠌⠕⠗⠽⠀⠁⠏⠜⠞⠀⠋⠀⠘⠹⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠓⠀⠃⠑⠢⠀⠁⠇⠗⠑⠁⠙⠽⠀ ⠑⠇⠥⠉⠊⠙⠁⠞⠫⠲⠀⠀⠠⠊⠀⠺⠀⠎⠁⠽⠀⠝⠕⠹⠬⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠗⠑⠉⠢⠞⠀ ⠁⠞⠞⠑⠍⠏⠞⠎⠀⠁⠞⠀⠁⠝⠀⠓⠊⠌⠕⠗⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠁⠏⠏⠇⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠮ ⠀⠍⠁⠞⠻⠊⠁⠇⠊⠌⠊⠉⠀⠉⠕⠝⠉⠑⠏⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠃⠑⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠀⠭⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠀ ⠁⠀⠎⠥⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠓⠥⠗⠗⠽⠀⠕⠧⠻⠀⠔⠀⠏⠁⠎⠎⠬⠂⠀⠯⠀⠠⠊⠀ ⠊⠝⠞⠢⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠙⠑⠁⠇⠀⠾⠀⠭⠀⠕⠝⠀⠁⠝⠕⠮⠗⠀⠕⠉⠉⠁⠎⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠊⠀ ⠺⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠢⠞⠀⠍⠽⠎⠑⠇⠋⠀⠾⠀⠑⠡⠕⠬⠀⠠⠇⠁⠃⠗⠊⠕⠇⠁⠂⠀⠱⠕⠀ ⠛⠊⠧⠑⠎⠀⠁⠀⠺⠜⠝⠬⠀⠁⠛⠁⠔⠌⠀⠁⠀⠍⠊⠌⠁⠅⠑⠂⠀⠉⠕⠍⠍⠕⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀ ⠸⠍⠀⠷⠀⠘⠮⠀⠁⠞⠞⠑⠍⠏⠞⠎⠲⠀⠠⠹⠊⠎⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠌⠎⠀⠔⠀ ⠗⠑⠞⠗⠁⠝⠎⠇⠁⠞⠬⠂⠀⠵⠀⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠽⠎⠂⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠑⠉⠕⠝⠕⠍⠊⠉⠀ ⠏⠓⠗⠁⠎⠑⠕⠇⠕⠛⠽⠂⠀⠮⠀⠕⠇⠙⠀⠓⠊⠌⠕⠗⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠏⠻⠎⠏⠑⠉⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀ ⠱⠊⠡⠀⠷⠀⠇⠁⠞⠑⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠎⠀⠷⠞⠢⠀⠃⠑⠢⠀⠞⠗⠁⠝⠎⠇⠁⠞⠫⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀ ⠠⠙⠜⠺⠔⠊⠁⠝⠀⠏⠓⠗⠁⠎⠑⠕⠇⠕⠛⠽⠲⠀⠠⠉⠻⠞⠁⠔⠇⠽⠀⠭⠀⠺⠳⠇⠙⠀⠝⠀
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.