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Early American Scientific Instruments and Their Makers ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

328,141 braille cells · 345 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,570 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠁⠝⠙⠀⠋⠥⠗⠞⠓⠑⠗⠍⠕⠗⠑⠂⠀⠠⠗⠑⠧⠑⠗⠑⠄⠎⠀⠃⠊⠇⠇⠎⠀⠎⠑⠑⠍⠑⠙⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠍⠁⠅⠑⠀⠁⠀⠙⠑⠋⠊⠝⠊⠞⠑⠀⠙⠊⠎⠞⠊⠝⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠃⠑⠞⠺⠑⠑⠝⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠝⠛⠗⠁⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠋⠀⠏⠇⠁⠞⠑⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠉⠞⠥⠁⠇⠀
⠏⠗⠊⠝⠞⠎⠲⠀⠠⠺⠓⠑⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠕⠗⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠠⠗⠑⠧⠑⠗⠑⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀
⠗⠑⠎⠏⠕⠝⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠍⠁⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠗⠊⠛⠊⠝⠁⠇⠀
⠑⠝⠛⠗⠁⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀⠗⠑⠍⠁⠊⠝⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠙⠑⠞⠑⠗⠍⠊⠝⠑⠙⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀
⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠏⠗⠕⠃⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠊⠝⠞⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠏⠁⠎⠎⠀⠉⠁⠗⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠝⠎⠞⠗⠥⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠠⠎⠞⠗⠑⠑⠞⠑⠗⠀⠠⠉⠕⠇⠇⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠺⠑⠊⠛⠓⠞⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠠⠍⠑⠁⠎⠥⠗⠑⠎⠀⠁⠞⠀⠠⠽⠁⠇⠑⠲⠀⠀⠠⠊⠇⠇⠥⠎⠞⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠒⠀
⠠⠋⠊⠛⠥⠗⠑⠀⠼⠋⠉⠲⠤⠤⠠⠏⠁⠛⠑⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠁⠽⠀⠃⠕⠕⠅⠎⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠠⠏⠁⠥⠇⠀⠠⠗⠑⠧⠑⠗⠑⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠑⠝⠞⠗⠽⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠏⠗⠊⠝⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠁⠎⠎⠀⠉⠁⠗⠙⠎⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠠⠃⠑⠝⠚⠁⠍⠊⠝⠀
⠠⠺⠁⠗⠗⠑⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠏⠇⠽⠍⠕⠥⠞⠓⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠉⠕⠇⠇⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠠⠍⠁⠎⠎⠁⠉⠓⠥⠎⠑⠞⠞⠎⠀⠠⠓⠊⠎⠞⠕⠗⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠠⠎⠕⠉⠊⠑⠞⠽⠂⠀
⠠⠃⠕⠎⠞⠕⠝⠲⠀⠀⠀⠠⠙⠁⠝⠊⠑⠇⠀⠠⠃⠥⠗⠝⠁⠏⠀⠀⠠⠕⠝⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠃⠑⠎⠞⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠝⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠗⠑⠎⠏⠑⠉⠞⠑⠙⠀⠝⠁⠍⠑⠎⠀
⠁⠍⠕⠝⠛⠀⠠⠉⠕⠝⠝⠑⠉⠞⠊⠉⠥⠞⠀⠉⠇⠕⠉⠅⠍⠁⠅⠑⠗⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠠⠙⠁⠝⠊⠑⠇⠀⠠⠃⠥⠗⠝⠁⠏⠀⠶⠼⠁⠛⠑⠊⠤⠁⠓⠉⠓⠶⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠑⠁⠎⠞
⠀⠠⠺⠊⠝⠙⠎⠕⠗⠲⠀⠠⠃⠥⠗⠝⠁⠏⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠃⠕⠗⠝⠀⠊⠝⠀⠠⠉⠕⠧⠑⠝⠞⠗⠽
⠀⠊⠝⠀⠼⠁⠛⠑⠊⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠑⠗⠧⠑⠙⠀⠁⠝⠀⠁⠏⠏⠗⠑⠝⠞⠊⠉⠑⠎⠓⠊⠏⠀
⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠠⠞⠓⠕⠍⠁⠎⠀⠠⠓⠁⠗⠇⠁⠝⠙⠂⠀⠉⠇⠕⠉⠅⠍⠁⠅⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠠⠝⠕⠗⠺⠊⠉⠓⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀⠼⠁⠛⠓⠚⠀⠠⠃⠥⠗⠝⠁⠏⠀⠕⠏⠑⠝⠑⠙
⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠕⠺⠝⠀⠑⠎⠞⠁⠃⠇⠊⠎⠓⠍⠑⠝⠞⠂⠀⠺⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠓⠑⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠃⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠗⠁⠋⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠇⠕⠉⠅⠍⠁⠅⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.