,,smi?sonian ,,in/itution ,illu/ration ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,national ,,museum ,,bullet9 #bca ,,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4 #aifd ,publications ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum ,! s*ol>ly publications ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum include two s]ies1 ,proce$+s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum & ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum ,bullet94 ,9 ^! s]ies are publi%$ orig9al articles & monographs deal+ ) ! collections & "w ( ! ,museum & sett+ =? newly acquir$ facts 9 ! fields ( an?ropology1 biology1 geology1 hi/ory1 & te*nology4 ,copies ( ea* publication are di/ribut$ to libr>ies & sci5tific organizations & to speciali/s & o!rs int]e/$ 9 ! v>i\s subjects4 ,! ,proce$+s1 begun 9 #ahgh1 are int5d$ = ! publication1 9 sep>ate =m1 ( %ort] pap]s4 ,^! are ga!r$ 9 volumes1 octavo 9 size1 ) ! publication date ( ea* pap] record$ 9 ! table ( cont5ts ( ! volume4 ,9 ! ,bullet9 s]ies1 ! fir/ ( :i* 0 issu$ 9 #ahge1 appe> long]1 sep>ate publications consi/+ ( monographs 7occasionally 9 sev]al p>ts7 & volumes 9 :i* are collect$ works on relat$ subjects4 ,bullet9s are ei!r octavo or qu>to 9 size1 dep5d+ on ! ne$s ( ! pres5tation4 ,s9ce #aijb pap]s relat+ to ! botanical collections ( ! ,museum h be5 publi%$ 9 ! ,bullet9 s]ies "u ! head+ ,contributions f ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,h]b>ium4 ,,frank ,a4 ,,taylor1 ,director1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum4 ,= sale by ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,docum5ts1 ,u4,s4 ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c41 #bjdjb--,price #a4jj 7,pap] ,cov]7 ,illu/ration3 ,frontispiece4--,wa%+ton z a ,surveyor4 ,engrav+ reproduc$ f ,wa%+ton ,irv+'s ,life ( ,george ,wa%+ton 7,new ,york3 #aheg1 vol4 #a74 ,,e>ly ,,am]ican ,,sci5tific ,,in/rum5ts & ,_! ,mak]s ,,silvio ,a4 ,,b$9i ,curator ( ,me*anical & ,civil ,eng9e]+ ,,museum ,,( ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,te*nology ,,smi?sonian ,,in/itution ,,wa%+ton1 #aifd ,cont5ts ,page ,ackn[l$gm5ts ix ,preface xi ,,! ,,tools ,,( ,,sci5ce #c ,philosophical & ,practical ,in/rum5ts #c ,! ,ne$ = ,in/rum5ts #f ,colonial ,tra9+ 9 ,in/rum5t ,mak+ #h ,,! ,,ma!matical ,,practition]s #ae ,! ,ritt5h\se ,bro!rs #ae ,&rew ,ellicott #ai ,ow5 ,biddle #ba ,b5jam9 ,bannek] #bb ,joel ,baily #bd ,rev]5d ,john ,pr9ce #bd ,amasa ,holcomb #bf ,,in/rum5ts ,,( ,,metal #bg ,pre-,revolution>y ,immigrant ,mak]s #bg ,po/-,revolution>y ,immigrant ,mak]s #cj ,native ,am]ican ,mak]s #cc ,new ,hamp%ire #cd ,v]mont #cd ,massa*usetts #cf ,rhode ,isl& #dc ,connecticut #de ,ohio #di ,new ,york #ea ,new ,j]sey #ec ,delaw>e #ed ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia #ed ,p5nsylvania #eh ,,in/rum5ts ,,( ,,wood #fe ,! ,use ( ,wood #fe ,surviv+ ,in/rum5ts #fi ,compass ,c>ds #ge ,trade ,signs #ge ,! ,mak]s #hj ,joseph ,halsy #hj ,james ,halsy ,,ii #hd ,?omas ,gre5\gh #he ,william ,williams #ic ,samuel ,?axt] #ig ,john ,dupee #ajd ,j]e ,cl\gh #aje ,&rew ,newell #ajf ,a>on ,bre$ #ajg ,*>les ,?a*] #ajg ,b5jam9 ,k+ ,hagg] #aji ,b5jam9 ,w>r5 #aab ,daniel ,burnap #aag ,gurdon ,hunt+ton #aah ,j$idiah ,baldw9 #abc ,?omas ,salt] ,b[les #abd ,,! ,,new ,,era #acj ,,! ,,national ,,collection #aca ,app5dix #aec ,surviv+ ,wood5 ,survey+ ,compasses #aec ,ma!matical ,practition]s & ,in/rum5t ,mak]s #aee ,bibliography #agb ,index #agg ,ackn[l$gm5ts ,! writ] wi%es to ackn[l$ge 8 great indebt$ness to ! v>i\s compilations relat+ to clockmak]s & in/rum5ts :i* h be5 consult$ 9 ! prep>ation ( ?is "w1 & :i* h provid$ an invaluable basis = x4 ,he is especially grateful = ! g5]\s & int]e/$ assi/ance ( ! _m :o h coop]at$ 9 mak+ ?is "w possible4 ,p>ticul> cr$it mu/ be giv5 to ,mrs4 ,h4 ,ropes ,cabot ( ! ,bo/onian ,society2 ,mrs4 ,m>y ,w4 ,phillips ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,sci5ce & ,te*nology ( ! ,u4,s4 ,national ,museum2 ,pr(4 ,d]ek ,j4 de ,solla ,price1 ,avalon ,pr(essor ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,sci5ce at ,yale ,univ]sity2 ,mr4 ,/eph5 ,t4 ,riley1 ,director ( ! ,massa*usetts ,hi/orical ,society2 & ,mr4 ,*>les ,e4 ,sm>t ( ,troy1 ,new ,york4 ,preface ,)9 rec5t ye>s fairly exhau/ive /udies h be5 made on _m aspects ( ,am]ican sci5ce & te*nology4 ,= example1 !re h be5 num]\s works relat+ to clocks & clockmak]s1 s t ! collector & horological /ud5t h a numb] ( useful s\rces on :i* to rely4 ,m rec5tly !re has be5 a s]ies ( publications on ! developm5t ( ,am]ican tools & _! mak]s4 ,until n[1 h[ev]1 no sy/ematic /udy has be5 attempt$ ( ! sci5tific in/rum5ts us$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates f its colonial beg9n+s4 ,:ile sev]al useful regional li/s ( in/rum5t mak]s 9 e>ly ,am]ica h be5 compil$ f adv]tisem5ts 9 contempor>y newspap]s & publi%$ z %ort articles1 ^!1 h[ev]1 are fragm5t>y1 & are inadequate to ! ne$ = docum5tation 9 ?is field4 ,) ! rapidly gr[+ int]e/ 9 ! hi/ory ( sci5ce1 x becomes necess>y to h a m complete backgr\nd = ! /ud5t & ! hi/orian alike4 ,x is desirable to h a m compreh5sive picture ( ! "w ( ! sci5tific practition]s ( ! e>li] p]iods ( ,am]ican sci5tific developm5t1 & ( _! tools4 ,at ! same "t x is ess5tial to h a hi/ory ( ! developm5t & di/ribution & use ( sci5tific in/rum5ts by o!rs ?an ! practition]s & tea*]s4 ,! role ( ! in/rum5t mak] 9 ! ,am]ican ,colonies 0 an important "o--z x 0 9 ea* epo* ( ! hi/ory ( sci5ce 9 ,europe--& x des]ves to be report$4 ,to make a compreh5sive /udy ( ,am]ican sci5tific in/rum5ts & in/rum5t mak]s 9 ! ,am]ican ,colonies is no simple matt]1 p>tly because ( an indiff]5ce to ! subject 9 ! pa/1 & p>tly because ( ! great volume ( s\rces t mu/ be sift$ to accompli% x4 ,su* a project w\ld require an organiz$ se>* ( all publi%$ ref]5ce works relat+ to ! field & associat$ topics1 ( all contempor>y newspap]s = adv]tisem5ts & notices1 ( civil records fil$ 9 /ate & community ar*ives1 ( bus9ess acc\nt-books & records t h be5 pres]v$1 & ( bus9ess directories ( ! p]iod "u consid]ation4 ,9 addition1 su* a /udy w\ld require ! compilation ( an inv5tory ( all surviv+ in/rum5ts 9 private & public collections1 & a correlation ( all ! data t c\ld be assembl$ f ^! s\rces4 ,! pres5t /udy attempts only 9 "p to accompli% ?is aim1 be+ no m ?an a prelim9>y compilation ( ! sci5tific in/rum5ts kn[n to h be5 us$ dur+ ! fir/ two c5turies ( ,am]ican colonial exi/5ce4 ,x m]ely attempts to assemble all ! data t is pres5tly available 9 scatt]$ s\rces1 & to organize x 9 a usable =m = ! /ud5t & hi/orian ( ,am]ican sci5ce4 ,a supplem5t relat+ to #ai?-c5tury in/rum5ts & in/rum5t mak]s is 9 progress4 ,! mo/ t is hop$ = ! pres5t "w is t x w be ( tempor>y assi/ance1 s]v+ to br+ =? additional in=mation on ! subject f s\rces n previ\sly available or kn[n4 ,febru>y #a1 #aifd ,s4,a4,b4 ,,e>ly ,,am]ican ,,sci5tific ,,in/rum5ts & ,_! ,mak]s ,! ,tools ( ,sci5ce ,philosophical & ,practical ,in/rum5ts ,developm5t ( ! sci5ces 9 ! ,am]ican ,colonies 0 critically dep5d5t ^u ! available tools--sci5tific in/rum5ts--& ! m5 :o made & us$ !m4 ,^! tools may be sep>at$ into two gr\ps4 ,! fir/ gr\p consi/s ( philosophical in/rum5ts & sci5tific tea*+ app>atus produc$ & employ$ = exp]im5tation & tea*+ 9 educational in/itutions4 ,! second includes ! s-call$ ma!matical in/rum5ts ( practical use1 :i* 7 employ$ by ma!matical practition]s & laym5 alike = ! m5sural & nautical ne$s ( ! ,colonies4 ,x is p>ticul>ly ) ?is second gr\p t ! pres5t /udy is conc]n$4 ,x has be5 g5]ally assum$ t sci5tific in/rum5ts1 z well z ! in/rum5t mak]s1 ( ! fir/ two c5turies ( ,am]ican colonization 7 import$ f ,engl&1 & t ! movem5t decl9$ by ! beg9n+ ( ! #ai? c5tury ) ! developm5t ( skill$ native craftsm54#a ,?is assumption is basically true = ^? in/rum5ts gr\p$ "u philosophical & sci5tific app>atus = exp]im5tation & tea*+4 ,almo/ all ( ^! items 7 9 fact import$ f ,engl& & ,france until well into ! #ai? c5tury4 ,likewise1 ! v e>lie/ examples ( ma!matical in/rum5ts = survey+ & navigation 9 ! ,colonies 7 import$ ) ! settl]s f ,engl&4 ,x 0 n long aft] ! e/abli%m5t ( ! fir/ settlem5ts1 h[ev]1 t ! settl]s1 & lat] ! fir/ g5]ation ( native ,am]icans1 began to produce _! own in/rum5ts4 ,records d]iv$ f hi/orical ar*ives & f ! in/rum5ts !mselves reveal t a consid]able numb] ( ! in/rum5ts available & us$ 9 ! ,colonies be=e #ahjj 7 ( native production4 ,app>5tly1 relatively few in/rum5t mak]s immigrat$ to ! ,am]ican cont95t be=e ! end ( ! ,revolution>y ,w>4 ,lat]1 ) ! beg9n+ ( ! #ai? c5tury1 mak]s ( & deal]s 9 in/rum5ts 9 ,engl& & ,france became aw>e ( ! gr[+ new m>ket1 & emigrat$ 9 numb]s to e/abli% %ops 9 ! major cities ( comm]ce 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,q possibly ! few in/rum5t mak]s tra9$ 9 ,engl& :o immigrat$ to ! ,colonies 9 ! e>ly epo* ( ,colonial developm5t may h 9 turn tra9$ o!rs 9 _! communities1 al?\gh no evid5ce has yet be5 f\nd4 ,p]haps m data on ?is aspect ( ! subject w ev5tually come to light4 ,!re is reason to believe t a few ma!matical practition]s & in/rum5t mak]s liv$ & work$ 9 ! ,new ,engl& colonies z e>ly z ! fir/ c5tury ( colonization4 ,! evid5ce1 frankly meag]1 consi/s ( two items4 ,! fir/ is a ref]5ce relat+ to ,james ,halsie ( ,bo/on4 ,9 a l& de$ made out to him 9 #afgd he 0 ref]r$ to z a ,ma!matician4#b ,halsie 0 li/$ z a freeman ( ! ,massa*usetts ,bay ,colony 9 #afij4 ,he app>5tly 0 ! =be> ( ! sev]al memb]s ( ! ,halsy family ( in/rum5t mak]s ( ,bo/on ( ! #ah? c5tury1 m5tion$ lat] 9 ?is /udy4 ,x is unc]ta9 :e!r ! use ( ! t]m ma!matician 9 ?is connection meant an artisan1 b if n x may be inf]r$ t ,halsie 0 a practition]4 ,! second piece ( evid5ce is ev5 m sl5d]2 x consi/s ( an inscription ^u a dial+ rule 7fig4 #a7 = mak+ sundials & *>ts4 ,! in/rum5t is ( ca/ brass1 #bj-g_/af in*es long & #a-aa_/af in*es wide4 ,! date #afgd is inscrib$ on ! rule toge!r ) ! "n ( its orig9al own]1 ,ar?ur ,willis4 ,! in/rum5t almo/ c]ta9ly 0 produc$ by ! s*ool ( ,h5ry ,sutton1 ! notable ,engli% in/rum5t mak] :o work$ 9 ,?readne$le ,/reet 9 ,london f ab\t #afcg ?r\gh #affe4 ,! "n & date inscriptions are consi/5t & contempor>y ) ! workman%ip ( ! rule1 & 7 probably inscrib$ by ! mak] = ! orig9al own]4 ,x is conceivable t ,ar?ur ,willis 0 an ,engli%man & t ! rule 0 br\ght into ?is c\ntry ev5 9 relatively rec5t times4 ,h[ev]1 x is claim$ t ! rule 0 own$ & us$ by ,na?aniel ,footes1 surveyor ( ,spr+field1 ,massa*usetts4 ,na?aniel ,footes1 believ$ to h be5 orig9ally f ,salem1 subsequ5tly mov$ f ,spr+field to ,we!rsfield1 ,conn4 ,! in/rum5t 0 lat] own$ & us$ 9 ,connecticut n lat] ?an ! e>ly #ai? c5tury#c by ! =be>s ( ,mr4 ,newton ,c4 ,bra9>d ( ,h>t=d1 ,connecticut4 ,if records relat+ to ,willis z a resid5t ( ! ,new ,engl& colonies c be recov]$1 x may !n be possible to e/abli% :e!r he work$ 9 ! ,colonies z a ma!matical practition] 9 ! #ag? c5tury4 ,8 "n is includ$ on a t5tative basis4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #a4--;,dial+ rule made ( brass & inscrib$ ) ! "n ,ar?ur ,willis & ! date #afgd4 ,alleg$ly us$ by ,na?aniel ,footes1 surveyor ( ,spr+field1 ,massa*usetts4 ,photo c\rtesy ,newton ,c4 ,bra9>d1 ,h>t=d1 ,connecticut1 & ! ,connecticut ,hi/orical ,society4 ,! ,ne$ = ,in/rum5ts ,! production & use ( sci5tific in/rum5ts 9 ! ,am]ican ,colonies reflect$ colonial developm5t 9 education & 9 t]ritorial & economic expansion1 & closely p>allel$ ! same developm5t 9 ,engl&1 :]e ! fir/ ma!matical practition]s 7 ! tea*]s ( navigational & comm]cial ari?metic & ! surveyors employ$ 9 ! r$i/ribution ( l& foll[+ ! dissolution ( ! mona/]ies4 ,z ! communities became e/abli%$ & ! settl]s ga9$ a foo?old on ! soil1 _! att5tion naturally turn$ to improv+ _! lot by exp&+ ! l& "u cultivation & by trad+ _! products = o!r ne$s4 ,! gr[? ( ! communities became increas+ly rapid f ! end ( ! #ag? c5tury1 & ! l& expansion closely p>allel$ ! developm5t ( trade4 ,! educational in/itutions plac$ great] emphasis on ! sci5ces z _! curriculums develop$4 ,p>ticul>ly !re 0 a great] preoccupation ) ! sci5ces on ! "p ( ! layman because ( ! ne$ = k ( survey+ & navigation4 ,! colonial s*ool curriculum 0 accord+ly design$ f ! practical po9t ( view to emphasize practical ma!matics1 & !re 0 an increas+ dem& = in/ruction 9 all aspects ( ! subject4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ adv]tisem5ts ( ?is nature appe>$ 9 ,! ,bo/on ,gazette 9 ,m>* #agai4 ,9 ! issue ( ,febru>y #ai to ,m>* #g ! adv]tisem5t /at$ t3 ,?is day ,mr4 ,samuel ,gra+] op5s 8 s*ool at ! ,h\se =m]ly ,sir ,*>les ,hobby's1 :]e w be taught ,gramm> ,writ+ aft] a free & easy mann] 9 all ! usual ,h&s1 ,ari?metick 9 a concise & ,practical ,me?od1 ,m]*ants ,accompts1 & ! ,ma!maticks4 ,he hopes t m ?9k+ ,p w 9 no wise be disc\rag$ f s5d+ _! *ildr5 ?i!r1 on ! acc\nt ( ! reports newly reviv'd1 because ^! danc+ ,pha5om5a's 7 nev] se5 nor he>d ( 9 ,s*ool ,h\rs4 ,! adv]tisem5t 0 fur!r amplifi$ 9 its second appe>ance1 9 ! issue ( ,m>* #ba-bb1 #agai3 ,at ! h\se =m]ly ,sir ,*>les ,hobby's are taught gramm>1 writ+1 aft] a free easy mann] 9 all h&s usually practic$1 ,ari?metick ,vulg> & ,decimal 9 a concise & ,practical ,me?od1 ,m]*ants ,accompts1 ,geometry1 ,algebra1 ,m5suration1 ,geography1 ,trigonometry1 ,a/ronomy1 ,navigation & o!r p>ts ( ! ,ma!maticks1 ) ! use ( ! ,globes & o!r ,ma!matical ,in/rum5ts1 by ,samuel ,gra+]4 ,!y ^: bus9ess won't p]mit 'em to att5d ! usual ,s*ool ,h\rs1 %all be c>efully att5d$ & ,in/ruct$ 9 ! ,ev5+s4 ,r4 ,f4 ,seybold#d has not$ t3 ,9 adv]tisem5ts ( #agec & #aged1 ,john ,lewis1 ( ,new ,york ,city1 ann\nc$ ',:at is call$ a ,new ,me?od ( ,navigation1 is an excell5t ,me?od ( ,trigonometry "h p>ticul>ly appli$ to ,navigation2 ,b x is ( great use 9 all k9ds ( measur+ & 9 solv+ _m ,ari?metical ,que/ions4' ,james ,cosgrove1 ( ,philadelphia1 9 #agee1 taught 'geometry1 trigonometry1 & _! application 9 survey+1 navigation1 etc41' & ,alex&] ,p[]1 9 #agff1 ',) _! ,application to ,survey+1 ,navigation1 ,geography1 & ,a/ronomy'4 ,^! subjects 7 featur$ also 9 ! ev5+ s*ools ( ! colonial p]iod1 ma9ta9$ by private s*oolma/]s 9 "s ( ! l>g] communities = ! education ( ^? :o c\ld n att5d s*ool 9 ! daytime4 ,accord+ to ,seybold1 survey+ & navigation 7 ! mo/ popul> ma!matical subjects taught4 ,"s explanation is to be d]iv$ f ! /atem5t by ,s*o5#e t3 ,9 ! days :5 ! 'b\nds' ( great wild]ness tracts 7 be+ m>k$ (f by deep-cut blazes 9 ! trees along a l9e1 a k ( l& survey+ 0 a useful skill1 & _m a boy le>n$ its elem5ts by foll[+ ! 'b\ndsgo]' 9 8 "w ( 'runn+ ! l9e4' ,& ^? :o did n actually take "p 9 runn+ ! l9e mu/ h att5d$ _m a gay spr+time 'procession+' :5 neighbors made a fe/ive occasion out ( 'p]ambulat+ ! b\nds'4 ,vague l& grants & inaccurate surveys1 he adds1 made ! subject ( b\nd>y l9es a prime issue 9 ! ev]yday life ( colonial homes4 ,at ! same "t !re 0 int]e/ 9 ! o!r aspects ( ! ma!matical sci5ces4 ,z e>ly z #agdc1 = in/ance1 a ,h>v>d ma!matician nam$ ,na?an ,pr9ce adv]tis$ 9 ,bo/on t if he 7 giv5 suitable ,enc\ragem5t he w\ld e/abli% a s*ool to tea* ,geography & ,a/ronomy1 ,) ! ,use ( ! ,globes1 & ! sev]al k9ds ( ,project+ ! ,sph]e among o!r ?+s4#f ,a decade lat]1 ,!ophilus ,grew1 pr(essor 9 ! academy at ,philadelphia :i* has become ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania1 publi%$ a treatise on globes1 ) ! title3 ,! ,description & ,use ( ! ,globes1 ,cele/ial & ,t]re/rial2 ,) ,v>iety = ,examples = ! ,le>n]'s ,ex]cises3 ,int5d$ = ! ,use ( ,su* ,p]sons z w\ld atta9 to ! ,k ( ^? ,in/rum5ts2 ,b ,*iefly design$ = ! ,in/ruction ( ! "y ,g5tlem5 at ! ,academy 9 ,philadelphia4 ,to :i* is add$ ,rules = work+ all ! ,cases 9 ,pla9 & ,sph]ical ,triangles )\t a ,s*eme4 ,by ,!ophilus ,grew1 ,ma!matical ,pr(essor4 ,g]mant[n1 ,pr9t$ by ,*ri/oph] ,s[]1 #agec4g ,?us1 ! ne$ = practical ma!matical in/rum5ts = ! surveyor & navigator became critical 9 proportion to ! ne$ = m5 to make & use !m1 & x is n surpris+ to discov] t ! majority ( ! in/rum5ts produc$ & adv]tis$ by e>ly ,am]ican mak]s 7 = survey+1 ) nautical in/rum5ts 9 second place4 ,g5]ally1 ! surveyors 7 n pr(essionals2 !y 7 f>m]s1 tradesm51 or craftsm5 ) a s\nd k ( basic ari?metic & occasionally ) "s advanc$ /udy ( ! subject z taught 9 ! ev5+ s*ools4 ,! survey+ ( prov9cial & int]colonial b\nd>ies requir$ great] skill1 h[ev]1 z well z a k ( a/ronomy1 & ?is "w 0 relegat$ to ! sci5tific m5 ( ! p]iod4 ,z ! increas+ preoccupation ) subdivision ( l& & ) survey+ l$ to a great] dem& = suitable in/rum5ts1 x 0 ! skill$ craftsm5 ( ! community1 su* z ! clockmak] & ! silv]smi?1 t 7 call$ ^u to produce !m4 ,sup]b examples also 7 produc$ by ! advanc$ sci5tific m51 or ma!matical practition]s1 ( ! p]iod4 ,colonial ,tra9+ 9 ,in/rum5t ,mak+ ,"o may well ask1 :]e did ^! native craftsm5 acquire ! k t enabl$ !m to produce s skillfully ! accurate & (t5 delicate ma!matical in/rum5ts8 ,!re 7 a numb] ( possible s\rces = ?is k4 ,! fir/ s\rce lies 9 ,engl&1 :]e "s ( ^! craftsm5 c\ld h /udi$ or s]v$ appr5tice%ips4 ,aft] complet+ _! appr5tice%ip ) ,engli% ma!matical practition]s1 !y may h immigrat$ to ! ,colonies & taught ! craft to o!rs4 ,?is seems to be entirely plausible1 & 0 probably true1 = example1 ( ,?omas ,h>l& ! clockmak]1 ,an?ony ,lamb1 & p]haps sev]al o!rs4 ,h[ev]1 ^! 7 ! exceptions in/ead ( ! rule1 s9ce a biographical /udy ( ! in/rum5t mak]s 9 g5]al reveals t !y 7 = ! mo/ "p native to ,am]ica4 ,x is n likely t ! "o or two isolat$ practition]s t _h be5 tra9$ 9 ,engl& c\ld h taught s _m o!rs :o work$ 9 ! same epo*4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #b4--,title page ( ,! ,surveyor by ,a>on ,ra?borne1 publi%$ 9 ,london 9 #afaf4 ,! book 0 "o ( ! s\rces ( in=mation = ,am]ican mak]s ( ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,ano!r s\rce = ?is k ( in/rum5t mak+ 0 probably ! ref]5ce works on ! subject t _h be5 publi%$ 9 ,engl& & 9 ,france4 ,z an example1 ,nicolas ,bion's ,traite de la ,con/ruction et des ,pr9cipaux ,usages des ,in/rum5ts de ,ma!matique1 :i* _h be5 fir/ publi%$ 9 #afhf1 0 translat$ into ,engli% by ,edmund ,/one 9 #agbc1 & w5t into sev]al ,engli% editions4 ,copies ( ?is "w 9 ,engli% und\bt$ly f\nd _! way to ,am]ica soon aft] publication4 ,o!r popul> works 7 ,a>on ,ra?bone's ,! ,surveyor1 :i* appe>$ 9 ,london 9 #afaf 7see fig4 #b72 ,william ,leyb\rn's ,! ,compleat ,surveyor1 9 #afec2 & ,george ,atwell's ,fai?full ,survey\r1 9 #affb4 ,o!r works popul> 9 ! ,colonies 7 ,r4 ,norwood's ,epitome1 or ,! ,doctr9e ( ,triangles 7,london1 #afei7 & ,j4 ,love's ,geodasia1 or ! ,art ( ,survey+ 7,london1 #afhh74 ,^! works und\bt$ly inspir$ simil> publications 9 ,am]ica1 = _m books on survey+ & navigation appe>$ !re be=e ! beg9n+ ( ! #ai? c5tury4 ,*ief among !m 7 ,s4 ,moore's ,an ,accurate ,sy/em ( ,survey+ 7,lit*field1 ,conn41 #agif71 ,z4 ,jess's ,a ,comp5di\s ,sy/em ( ,practical ,survey+ 7,wilm+ton1 #agii71 ,abel ,fl9t's ,survey+ 7,h>t=d1 #ahjd71 & ,j4 ,day's ,pr9ciples ( ,navigation & ,survey+ 7,new ,hav51 #ahag74 ,! publi%$ works 7 unque/ionably responsible = mu* ( ! tra9+ 9 ! mak+ ( ma!matical in/rum5ts 9 ,am]ica1 al?\gh no docum5t>y evid5ce has yet be5 recov]$ to prove x4 ,ano!r important influ5ce on e>ly ,am]ican in/rum5t-mak+ :i* mu/ be not$ 0 t ( ! clockmak] z an artisan4 ,a compreh5sive /udy ( surviv+ in/rum5ts & relat$ records has reveal$ t only a few ( ! _m clockmak]s work+ 9 ! ,am]ican ,colonies 9 ! #ah? c5tury made ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,yet1 a l>ge proportion ( ! surviv+ survey+ & nautical in/rum5ts produc$ be=e #ahjj 7 ! "w ( clockmak]s4 ,classic among ^! mu/ be not$ ! in/rum5ts produc$ by ! bro!rs ,david & ,b5jam9 ,ritt5h\se 7see p4 #ae & figs4 #c & #d71 z well z ! f9e survey+ in/rum5ts made by f\r sep>ate memb]s ( ! ,*&lee family1 ^: clockmak+ traditions began e>ly 9 ! #ag? c5tury 7see p4 #ed74 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #c4--,transit telescope made by ,david ,ritt5h\se & us$ by him = ! obs]vation ( ! transit ( ,v5us 9 #agfi4 ,brass1 #cc-a_/b-;94 tube on a #be-;94 axis1 ) an ap]ture ( #a-c_/d 94 & a focal l5g? ( #cb 94 ,photo c\rtesy ! ,am]ican ,philosophical ,society4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #d4--,survey+ compass m>k$ ,potts & ,ritt5h\se4 ,believ$ to be ! "w ( ,david ,ritt5h\se 9 p>tn]%ip ) ,?omas ,potts4 ,photo c\rtesy ! ,am]ican ,philosophical ,society4 ,f9ally1 "o mu/ n ov]look ! fact t examples ( ,engli% & o!r ,european in/rum5ts 7 available 9 ! ,colonies1 & t at lea/ "s ( ! e>ly colonial mak]s und\bt$ly copi$ !m4 ,x is app>5t f "s surviv+ e>ly ,am]ican in/rum5ts t ! mat]ials1 designs1 dim5sions1 & details ( ,european prototypes _h be5 delib]ately copi$4 ,x is possible to see 9 public collections1 = in/ance1 a ,davis quadrant ( ,engli% manufacture exhibit$ beside a lat] example1 sign$ by a ,new ,engl& mak]1 :i* comes extraord9>ily close to duplicat+ x 9 e feature4 ,z ) ! presum$ influ5ce ( publi%$ works1 ! practice ( copy+ import$ in/rum5ts _c be docum5t$1 b x mu/ h be5 engag$ 9 by _m ( ! uns*ool$ ,new ,engl& in/rum5t mak]s4 ,by ?is means "s may ev5 h pr(it$ to ! degree t !y became pr(essional craftsm5 )\t b5efit ( =mal appr5tice%ip4 ,yet x is rem>kable t al?\gh num]\s in/rum5ts 7 produc$ by native artisans1 9 addition to ! sub/antial numb] :i* 7 import$ be=e ! end ( ! #ah? c5tury1 relatively few specim5s h surviv$ 9 public collections z well z 9 private h&s4 ,despite ! exhau/ive comb+ ( attics & b>ns ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry by deal]s 9 antiques & by avid collectors dur+ ! pa/ sev]al decades1 ! numb] ( surviv+ in/rum5ts n[ kn[n is incr$ibly small 9 comp>ison ) ! numb]s kn[n to h be5 made locally or import$ be=e ! beg9n+ ( ! #ai? c5tury4 ,s9ce in/rum5ts are n items :i* w\ld ord9>ily be delib]ately disc>d$ or de/roy$1 or melt$ d[n = ! recov]y ( ! metal1 ?is small p]c5tage ( survival pres5ts a puzzle :i* has n be5 resolv$4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #e4--;,david ,ritt5h\se4 ,engrav+ f portrait by ,*>les ,wilson ,peale4 ,! ,ma!matical ,practition]s ,! ,ritt5h\se ,bro!rs ,notable among ! ,am]ican practition]s 0 ,david ,ritt5h\se 7#agcb-agif7 ( ,norri/[n & ,philadelphia1 ,p5nsylvania1 :o 0 e/abli%$ z a clockmak] & surveyor 9 ,philadelphia by #agdi4 ,he survey$ ! b\nd>y betwe5 ,p5nsylvania & ,delaw>e 9 #agfc ) in/rum5ts ( 8 own design & con/ruction4 ,six ye>s lat]1 9 #agfi1 he successfully calculat$ ! transit ( ,v5us & lat] obs]v$ t planet ) a/ronomical in/rum5ts he _h con/ruct$ himself4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye>1 #aggj1 he built ! fir/ ,am]ican a/ronomical obs]vatory1 9 ,philadelphia4 ,two orr]ies t he design$ & built--at ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania & at ,pr9ceton ,univ]sity--survive z out/&+ examples ( ,am]ican craftsman%ip4#h ,sev]al ( 8 survey+ & a/ronomical in/rum5ts are exhibit$ 9 ! collections ( ! ,u4,s4 ,national ,museum4 ,david ,ritt5h\se is cr$it$ ) be+ ! orig9ator ( a decl9ation arc on ! survey+ compass1 a feature to be copi$ by a numb] ( lat] in/rum5t mak]s4 ,david's bro!r1 ,b5jam9 ,ritt5h\se 7#agdj-;c4#ahbj71 s]v$ 9 ! ,revolution & 0 w\nd$ at ,br&yw9e4 ,he sup]9t5d$ ! ,gov]nm5t's gunlock factory at ,philadelphia 9 #aggh & a*iev$ recognition z a mak] ( clocks & survey+ in/rum5ts 7see fig4 #h74i ,dur+ "o p]iod ( 8 c>e] he work$ 9 p>tn]%ip ) 8 bro!r ,david4 ,an int]e/+ adv]tisem5t appe>$ 9 ! ,may #ad1 #aghe1 issue ( ,! ,p5nsylvania ,packet3 ,,want$1 ,an +5i\s ,lad n exce$+ #ad ye>s ( age1 ( a reputable family1 z an ,appr5tice to le>n ! ,art & ,mi/]y ( mak+ ,clocks & ,survey+ ,in/rum5ts4 ,any lad incl9+ to g an appr5tice to ! above ,trade1 ! t]ms on :i* he w be tak5 may be kn[n by enquir+ ( ,mr4 ,david ,ritt5h\se1 9 ,philadelphia1 or at ! subscrib]'s h\se 9 ,worce/] t[n%ip1 ,montgom]y c\nty4 ,b5jam9 ,ritt5h\se4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #f4--;,a/ronomical clock made by ,david ,ritt5h\se = 8 obs]vatory at ,norri/[n1 ,pa41 & us$ by him = ! obs]vation ( ! transit ( ,v5us 9 #agfi4 ,unembelli%$ p9e case #hc-a_/b 94 high1 #ac-a_/d 94 wide at ! wai/ ) a silv]$ brass dial #aj-e_/h 94 diamet]4 ,photo c\rtesy ! ,am]ican ,philosophical ,society4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #g4--,orr]y built by ,david ,ritt5h\se = ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,! c5t] section %[s ! motions ( ! planets & _! satellites & ! "r-h& section ! eclipses ( ! ,sun & ,moon4 ,! case1 consid]$ to be an out/&+ example ( colonial cab9et-"w1 0 made by ,john ,folwell4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #h4--;,brass survey+ compass inscrib$ ,made by ,b5jam9 ,ritt5h\se1 #aghg4 ,photo c\rtesy ,ohio ,/ate ,museum1 ,columbus1 ,ohio4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #i4--,portrait ( ,&rew ,ellicott 7#aged-ahbj7 by unkn[n arti/4 ,&rew ,ellicott ,a "n closely associat$ ) t ( ! ,ritt5h\se bro!rs 0 t ( ,&rew ,ellicott 7#aged-ahbj7 ( ,solebury1 ,p5nsylvania1 & ,ellicotts ,mills1 ,m>yl&4 ,&rew 0 ! son ( ,joseph ,ellicott1 ! clockmak] & pione] indu/riali/ :o f\nd$ ,ellicotts ,mills4 ,al?\gh a ,quak]1 ,&rew 7fig4 #i7 s]v$ 9 ! ,revolution1 & he became "o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ eng9e]s ( ! new republic4 ,he work$ z a clockmak] & in/rum5t mak] f #aggd to #aghj4 ,9 #aghd he ran ! b\nd>y betwe5 ,virg9ia & ,p5nsylvania & 9 ! foll[+ ye> he 0 a memb] ( ! survey t cont9u$ ,mason & ,dixon's l9e4 ,9 #aghe & #aghf he s]v$ on ! ,p5nsylvania commissions t survey$ ! we/]n & nor!rn b\nd>ies ( ! /ate1 & 9 #aghi he s]v$ on ! commission t fix$ ! b\nd>y betwe5 ,new ,york & ,p5nsylvania4 ,betwe5 #agia & #agic he survey$ ! site ( ! city ( ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c41 & r$rew ,l',enfant's plan = ! city4 ,9 e>ly #agic ,ellicott 0 appo9t$ commission] by ! ,commonweal? ( ,p5nsylvania = ! project ( view+ & locat+ a road f ,read+ to ,presque ,isle1 n[ ,erie4 ,x 0 an extremely difficult und]tak+1 b ,ellicott complet$ ! "w by ! autumn ( #agif1 includ+ lay+ out ! t[ns ( ,erie1 ,w>r51 & ,frankl94 ,9 ,may #agif ,ellicott 0 commission$ by ,presid5t ,wa%+ton to survey & m>k ! b\nd>y l9e betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! ,spani% ,prov9ce ( ,florida 9 accordance ) ! provisions ( ! ,p9kney-,godoy ,treaty ( ,octob] #bg1 #agie4 ,?is l9e 0 to beg9 at ! po9t :]e ! #ca/ p>allel ( nor? latitude int]sect$ ! ,mississippi ,riv]1 & to proce$ !nce along t p>allel ea/w>d to ! ,appala*icola ,riv] = ab\t #djj miles4 ,9 #ahja ,ellicott 0 (f]$ ! position ( surveyor g5]al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates by ,presid5t ,jeff]son4 ,ellicott decl9$1 b subsequ5tly accept$ ! secret>y%ip ( ! l& (fice ( ,p5nsylvania1 a po/ he held until #ahjh4 ,9 #ahaa ,ellicott became commission] to repres5t ,georgia 9 locat+ ! ,georgia-,nor? ,c>ol9a b\nd>y1 a project on :i* he 0 engag$ = ! major "p ( ! foll[+ ye>4 ,9 #ahae ,presid5t ,madison appo9t$ ,ellicott pr(essor ( ma!matics at ,we/ ,po9t1 ) ! rank ( major4 ,?is is an appo9tm5t he kept until 8 dea? 9 #ahbj4 ,x 0 int]rupt$ 9 #ahag :5 ! ,gov]nm5t requir$ 8 s]vices z a/ronom] to locate a portion ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates-,canadian b\nd>y 9 accordance ) ! fif? article ( ! ,treaty ( ,gh5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #aj4--,transit & equal-altitude in/rum5t 7left7 made by ,ellicott 9 #aghi & us$ by him 9 ! survey ( ! b\nd>y betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,florida & 9 o!r surveys4 ,,usnm #aebjhj4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #aa4--,z5i? sector ) focal l5g? ( #f ft41 made by ,david ,ritt5h\se & revis$ by ,&rew ,ellicott4 ,describ$ 9 ,j\rnal ( ,&rew ,ellicott 7,philadelphia1 #ahjc74 ,,usnm #aebjgh4 ,ellicott 0 a memb] ( a numb] ( le>n$ societies1 includ+ ! ,am]ican ,philosophical ,society1 ! ,society = ! ,promotion ( ,useful ,arts ( ,albany1 & ( ! ,national ,in/itute ( ,france4 ,ellicott con/ruct$ a numb] ( in/rum5ts = survey+ & a/ronomical obs]vation1 & he design$ & us$ o!rs t 7 produc$ by 8 fri5d ,david ,ritt5h\se#aj 7see figs4 #aj1 #aa74 ,( p>ticul> int]e/ 9 connection ) ,ellicott's c>e] z a clockmak] & in/rum5t mak] are two adv]tisem5ts t appe>$ 9 ! ,baltimore newspap]s4 ,! fir/ "o 0 9 ! ,m>yl& ,j\rnal & ,baltimore ,daily ,adv]tis] on ,april #g1 #aggh3 ,ellicott's ,upp] ,mills1 ,april #d1 #aggh4 ,want$1 a p]son acqua9t$ ) ! ,clock-,mak+ bus9ess1 & able to "w by directions4 ,su* a p]son w meet ) good enc\ragem5t by apply+ to ,&rew ,ellicott1 s54 ,! second adv]tisem5t1 9 ! same ve91 appe>$ 9 ! ,may #af1 #aghj1 issue ( ! ,m>yl& ,j\rnal3 ,good ,enc\ragem5t w be giv5 to ei!r ,clock or ,ma!matical in/rum5t mak]s1 by ! subscrib]1 liv+ 9 ,baltimore-,t[n4 ,&rew ,ellicott4 ,ow5 ,biddle ,ano!r ma!matical practition] associat$ ) ,david ,ritt5h\se 9 8 obs]vations ( ! transit ( ,v5us 0 ,ow5 ,biddle 7#agcg-agii7 ( ! ,nor? ,w>d1 ,philadelphia4 ,9 e>ly life ,biddle 0 an apo!c>y & a clock & wat*mak]4 ,9 8 %op next door to ,rob]ts w>eh\se he sold clock & wat* p>ts & tools4 ,f #agfd to #aggj he adv]tis$ himself z ,clockmak]1 & sci5ti/1 /atesman & patriot4 ,z a ,quak]1 he p>ticipat$ actively 9 civic & patriotic affairs ( ,philadelphia4 ,dur+ ! ,am]ican ,revolution1 9 spite ( 8 religi\s affiliation1 he f\ght = ! def5se ( ! ,colonies & 0 appo9t$ ,deputy ,commission] ( ,=age4 ,evid5c+ s9c]e rep5tance1 he 0 p]mitt$ to rejo9 ! ,society ( ,fri5ds4 ,9 #agfi ,biddle took an active "p 9 ! prep>ations made by ! ,am]ican ,philosophical ,society = ! obs]vation ( ! transit ( ,v5us4 ,) ,joel ,baily he 0 s5t to ,cape ,h5lop51 ,delaw>e1 ) a l>ge reflect+ telescope borr[$ f ! ,libr>y ,company4 ,! exp$ition 0 describ$ 9 ! ,transactions ( ! ,am]ican ,philosophical ,society 9 #agga 9 an article entitl$ ,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,transit ( ,v5us1 ov] ! ,sun's ,disk1 z obs]v$ ne> ,cape ,h5lop51 on ,delaw>e ,bay1 ,june #crd1 #agfi by ,ow5 ,biddle1 ,joel ,baily & 7,ri*>d ,?omas7 ,drawn by ,ow5 ,biddle4 ,9 addition to 8 trade 9 clocks & wat*es1 ,biddle also made ma!matical in/rum5ts & 0 well kn[n 9 8 native city z a m]*ant1 inv5tor1 & ironma/]4 ,b5jam9 ,bannek] ,a "n t is too (t5 ignor$ 9 ! hi/ory ( sci5ce 9 colonial ,am]ica is t ( a free ,negro1 ,b5jam9 ,bannek] 7c4 #agcd-ahjf7 ( ,baltimore4 ,a f>m] by occupation1 ,bannek] 0 ! son ( a native ,african slave & a free mulatto woman4 ,9 8 sp>e "t he att5d$ ! s*ool ( a ,quak] f>m]2 ! only book he own$ 0 ! ,bible4 ,:5 he 0 a "y man he acquir$ a wat* f a trad]1 & f x he develop$ 8 love ( sci5ce & in/rum5ts4 ,al?\gh he _h nev] se5 a clock1 he con/ruct$ "o bas$ on draw+s he made f ! wat*4 ,bannek] 0 call$ ^u to assi/ 9 ! con/ruction ( ! mills = ! ,ellicotts1 & x 0 natural t 8 clock1 :i* 0 ! m>vel ( ! ,negro settlem5t1 %\ld come to ! att5tion ( ,joseph ,ellicott4 ,ellicott became int]e/$ 9 ,bannek]'s ?ir/ = k & all[$ him ! use ( 8 tools1 sci5tific in/rum5ts1 & te*nical books4 ,among ! books 7 ,may]'s ,tables1 ,james ,f]guson's ,a/ronomy1 & ,leadbeat]'s ,lun> ,tables4 ,bannek] absorb$ ^! & o!r works t he borr[$ & w5t on to explore ! wond]ful new _w !y op5$ up = him4 ,he pursu$ a/ronomical /udies1 & )9 ?ree ye>s he began to make calculations 7fig4 #ab7 = an almanac4 ,aft] complet+ ! calculations = ! ye> #agia1 he w5t on to produce a set ( calculations = #agib4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod he ma/]$ ! use ( survey+ in/rum5ts & made a fir/h& /udy ( tides 9 ! region4 ,8 great opportunity came :5 ,&rew ,ellicott 0 *os5 to make a survey = ! city ( ,wa%+ton & hir$ ,bannek] z an assi/ant4 ,:ile ?us employ$1 ,bannek] complet$ 8 almanac & gave x to ,george ,ellicott1 ,&rew's c\s91 z a subject ( possible int]e/4 ,app>5tly ,george ,ellicott turn$ x ov] to ! ,honorable ,james ,mc,henry ( ,baltimore1 :o 9 turn$ submitt$ x to ! ,philadelphia firm ( ,godd>d ,angell1 :o publi%$ x 7fig4 #ac74 ,bannek] mail$ a copy ( 8 ,b5jam9 ,bannek]'s ,p5nsylvania1 ,delaw>e1 ,virg9ia ,& ,m>yl& ,almanac & ,ephem]is ,= ! ,ye> ( ,our ,"l1 #agib to ,?omas ,jeff]son1 :o 0 s impress$ ) x t he =w>d$ x to ! ,m>quis de ,condorcet1 secret>y ( ! ,fr5* ,academy ( ,sci5ces4 ,aft] 8 "w ) ,ellicott _h be5 complet$1 ,bannek] retir$ to 8 f>m to produce almanacs annually until #ahjb4 ,:5 he di$ 9 #ahjf he 0 eulogiz$ be=e ! ,fr5* ,academy by ! ,m>quis de ,condorcet1 & ,william ,pitt plac$ 8 "n 9 ! records ( ! ,engli% ,p>liam5t4#aa ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ab4--,lett] f ,b5jam9 ,bannek] to ,george ,ellicott dat$ ,octob] #ac1 #aghi1 reg>d+ a/ronomical data = ! compilation ( ,bannek]'s almanac4 ,photo c\rtesy ,m>yl& ,hi/orical ,society4 ,joel ,baily ,/ill ano!r #ah?-c5tury practition] 0 ,joel ,baily 7#agcb-agig71 a ,quak] ( ,we/ ,brad=d1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,9 addition to 8 trade z a clockmak] & gunsmi?1 ,baily a*iev$ local em95ce z an a/ronom]1 ma!matician1 & surveyor4#ab ,9 #agfd1 at ! "t t ,*>les ,mason & ,j]emiah ,dixon e/abli%$ _! headqu>t]s ne> 8 f>m1 ,baily 0 ! local surveyor4 ,obta9+ employm5t ) ! exp$ition1 he work$ ) ,mason & ,dixon until ! completion ( _! survey 9 #agfh4 ,baily 0 subsequ5tly employ$ by ,mason & ,dixon to build p9e frames = c>ry+ ! #bj-;foot rods to be us$ 9 ! second measurem5t ( c\rses f ! ,/>gaz]s' ,/one s\?w>d4 ,9 #agfi ,baily 0 appo9t$ by ! ,am]ican ,philosophical ,society to "w ) ,ow5 ,biddle 9 sett+ up ! /ation at ,cape ,h5lop5 = obs]vation ( ! transit ( ,v5us4 ,9 #aggj he aga9 work$ ) ,biddle 9 tak+ ! c\rses & di/ances f ! ,new ,ca/le ,c\rt ,h\se to ! ,/ate ,h\se ,obs]vatory 9 ,philadelphia = det]m9+ ! latitude & longitude ( ea*4 ,9 ! same ye> ,baily 0 elect$ a memb] ( ! ,am]ican ,philosophical ,society4 ,rev]5d ,john ,pr9ce ,ano!r notewor?y ma!matical practition] ( ! p]iod 0 ! ,rev]5d ,john ,pr9ce 7#agea-ahcf7 ( ,salem1 ,massa*usetts4 ,! son ( a hatt] & me*anic1 ,pr9ce /udi$ natural philosophy "u ,john ,w9?rop at ,h>v>d & receiv$ 8 ,b4,a4 degree 9 #aggf4 ,he 0 a /ud5t ( div9ity "u ,samuel ,williams & 0 orda9$ 9 #aggi at ! ,fir/ ,*ur* 9 ,salem4 ,al?\gh an amateur ( ! sci5ces1 ,pr9ce became a skill$ mak] ( sci5tific in/rum5ts4 ,he made1 sold1 & repair$ in/rum5ts = ! use ( num]\s colleges1 s*ools1 & academies1 includ+ ,br[n1 ,d>tm\?1 ,rutg]s1 ,h>v>d1 ,union1 ,amh]/1 & ,williams4 ,among o!r accompli%m5ts1 he effect$ improvem5ts on ! luc]nal microscope & ! air pump4#ac ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ac4--,title page ( "o ( ,bannek]'s almanacs4 ,! portrait ( ,bannek] 0 made by ,timo?y ,woods 9 #agic = ! publi%] & reproduc$ by woodcut4 ,bannek]'s fir/ almanac 0 publi%$ 9 ,philadelphia 9 #agib4 ,amasa ,holcomb ,al?\gh he 0 born 9 ! #ah? c5tury1 ,amasa ,holcomb 7#aghg-ahge7 prop]ly belongs to a lat] p]iod4 ,an a/ronom] & telescope mak] ( ,s\?wick1 ,massa*usetts1 ,holcomb became a surveyor 9 #ahjh4 ,an autobiographical sket* not$ t he manufactur$ ab\t ?is "t a good _m sets ( surveyors in/rum5ts--compasses1 *a9s1 scales1 protractors & divid]s1 "s = 8 pupils & "s = o!rs4#ad ,in/rum5ts ( ,metal ,pre-,revolution>y ,immigrant ,mak]s ,accord+ to pres5t evid5ce1 only a few mak]s ( metal in/rum5ts emigrat$ f ,engl& to ! ,colonies be=e ! beg9n+ ( ! ,revolution>y ,w>4 ,a slightly l>g] numb] emigrat$ aft] ! w> _h end$4 ,9 almo/ e in/ance1 ! immigrant in/rum5t mak]s settl$ 9 ! major cities1 :i* 7 ! %ipp+ c5t]s ( ! new c\ntry4 ,! reason is obvi\s3 9 ^! cities !re 0 ! greate/ dem& = nautical & o!r in/rum5ts4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ immigrant in/rum5t mak]s arriv$ 9 ,bo/on 9 #agci4 ,accord+ to an adv]tisem5t t appe>$ 9 ,! ,bo/on ,gazette 9 ! issue ( ,july #af-bc1 #agci1 !re _h ,arriv'd "h by ,capt4 ,g]ry f ,london ,john ,dabney1 junr4 :o s]v'd 8 "t to ,mr4 ,jona?an ,sisson1 ,ma!matical ,in/rum5t ,mak] to 8 ,royal ,highness1 ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales4 ,makes & sells all sorts ( ,ma!matical ,in/rum5ts1 9 ,silv]1 ,brass1 or ,ivory1 at ,reasonable ,rates1 at ,mr4 ,r[l& ,h\ghton's ,%op ! nor? side ( ! ,t[n ,huse 9 ,bo/on4 ,n4,b4 ,said ,dabney1 sets ,load/ones to a great] ,p]fection ?an any h]et(ore4 ,dabney's ma/]1 ,jona?an ,sisson 7#afid-agdi7 orig9ally ( ,l9coln%ire1 ) a %op 9 ! ,/r&1 ,london1 0 a well-kn[n mak] ( optical & ma!matical in/rum5ts 9 ! e>ly decades ( ! #ah? c5tury4 ,he 0 p>ticul>ly not$ = ! exact division ( scales1 & examples ( 8 "w are to be f\nd 9 ! major collections4 ,dabney's "n appe>$ aga9 sev]al ye>s lat]1 9 ! ,supplem5t to ! ,bo/on ,ev5+ ,po/ = ,decemb] #ab1 #agdc1 & aga9 9 ! ,bo/on ,ev5+ ,po/ = ,decemb] #ai ( ! same ye>1 ) ! foll[+ adv]tisem5t3 ,to be %[n by ,john ,dabney1 ,ma!matical ,in/rum5t mak]1 9 ,milk ,/reet1 ,bo/on1 on ,monday1 ,tuesday & ,?ursday ,ev5+s1 f five to eight o'clock1 = ! ,ent]ta9m5t ( ! ,curi\s1 ! ,magic ,lan?orn an ,optick ,ma*9e1 :i* exhibits a great ,numb] ( wond]ful & surpris+ ,figures1 prodigi\s l>ge1 & vivid1 at ,half a ,cr[n ea*1 ,old ,t5or4 ,9 ,new ,york ,city1 "o ( ! e>lie/ immigrant in/rum5t mak]s 0 ,*>les ,walpole1 :o e/abli%$ a %op at a corn] 9 ,wall ,/reet1 accord+ to a notice 9 ! ,may #bf1 #agdf1 issue ( ! ,new ,york ,ev5+ ,po/4 ,! ann\ncem5t /at$ t ,walpole 0 a citiz5 ( ,london & t at 8 %op all sorts ( ,ma!matical ,in/rum5ts1 :e!r 9 silv] or brass1 are made & m5d$4444 ,9 ! ,may #ba1 #agec1 issue ( ,! ,new ,york ,gazette or ,! ,weekly ,po/ ,boy !re 0 an ann\ncem5t by ! wid[ ( ,bal?as] ,somm] :o liv$ on ,pot-,bak]'s ,hill 9 ,smi? ,/reet 9 ,new ,york ,city & :o adv]tis$ h]self z a gr9d] ( all sorts ( optic glasses1 spy+ glasses1 ( all l5g?s1 spectacles1 read+ glasses = ne>-sight$ p or o!rs2 also spy+ glasses ( #c feet long :i* are to set on a common ,walk+-,cane & yet be c>ri$ z a ,pocket-,book4 ,john ,b5son emigrat$ f ,birm+ham1 ,engl&1 & e/abli%$ a lapid>y & optical /ore 9 ,may #agic at #ab ,pr9cess ,/reet 9 ,new ,york1 :]e he produc$ m9iatures1 lockets1 r+s1 glasses1 z well z ,spectacles1 s+le read+ & burn+ glasses1 & :]e he also poli%$ scrat*'d glasses4 ,9 ,july #agig he mov$ to #ajf ,pe>l ,/reet :]e he sold gre5 goggles1 !rmomet]s1 & op]a & spy glasses1 9 addition to an assortm5t ( jewelry4 ,9 ,septemb] #agih he 0 e/abli%$ at a new location1 #adg ,pe>l ,/reet1 ,at ! sign ( ,! ,gre5 ,spectacles :]e he specializ$ 9 optical goods4 ,he featur$ = r5t or sale a ,portable ,cam]a ,obscura = ! use ( arti/s 9 draw+ l&scapes4 ,8 adv]tisem5ts *ronicl$ ea* *ange 9 location 9 ! issues ( ,! ,new ,york ,daily ,adv]tis]4 ,a craftsman ^: "n is well kn[n 9 sci5tific circles 0 ,an?ony ,lamb1 :o adv]tis$ 9 #agec z a ma!matical in/rum5t mak] liv+ on ,hunt]'s ,key1 ,new ,york4 ,he claim$ t he c\ld furni% ,godfrey's newly inv5t$ quadrant1 = tak+ ! latitude or o!r altitudes at sea2 hydromet]s = try+ ! exact /r5g? ( spirits1 l>ge survey+ in/rum5ts 9 a m curi\s mann] ?an usual2 :i* may be us$ 9 any wea!r )\t exception1 small ditto :i* may be fix$ on ! end ( a walk+ /ick1 & l5g!n$ to a commodi\s height1 gaug+ in/rum5ts z n[ 9 use1 accord+ to an act ( assembly ) all o!r ma!matical in/rum5ts = sea or l&1 by :olesale or retail at reasonable rates4#ae ,lamb _h s]v$ an appr5tice%ip ) ,h5ry ,c>t]1 a ma!matical in/rum5t mak] 9 ,london4 ,9 ,july #agbd he became an accomplice ( ,jack ,%epp>d1 a notori\s burgl>1 & 0 arre/$ & s5t5c$ to ! gall[s 9 #agbd4 ,z he 0 await+ execution on ! gall[s at ,tyburn1 8 s5t5ce 0 commut$ to transportation to ,virg9ia = a p]iod ( sev5 ye>s1 inasmu* z ?is 0 8 fir/ (f5ce4 ,aft] he _h complet$ 8 t]m ( sev5 ye>s 9 ,virg9ia he mov$ to ,philadelphia1 :]e he op5$ a %op z an in/rum5t mak] & a private s*ool = tea*+ te*nical subjects4 ,! curriculum includ$ survey+1 navigation1 & ma!matics4 ,al?\gh 8 ent]prises prosp]$1 he mov$ to ,new ,york4 ,!re he m>ri$ a ,miss ,ham & e/abli%$ himself 9 a respectable position4 ,lamb's fir/ adv]tisem5t 9 ,new ,york appe>$ on ,janu>y #bc1 #agdi4 ,he di$ on ,decemb] #aa1 #aghd1 at ! age ( #ha1 & two days lat] he 0 eulogiz$ 9 ,! ,new ,york ,packet :]e he 0 m5tion$ z a /eady fri5d to ! lib]ties ( ,am]ica4 ,john ,lamb 7#agce-ahjj71 ,an?ony's son1 le>n$ & practic$ 8 fa!r's craft = a "t & work$ z a p>tn] 9 ! firm ( ,a4 ,lamb ,son4 ,he subsequ5tly became a w9e & sug> m]*ant1 a*iev$ consid]able weal?1 m>ri$ well1 & 0 accept$ by ! g5try ( ! city4 ,he 0 a firm patriot & f #agfe he 0 active z ! lead] ( ! ,sons ( ,lib]ty4 ,he s]v$ 9 sev]al major engagem5ts 9 ! ,am]ican ,revolution & 9 #aghc 0 brevett$ a brigadi]-g5]al4#af ,! immigrant in/rum5t mak]s 7 n conf9$ to ^? work+ 9 glass1 h[ev]4 ,"o ( ! e>li] immigrant craftsm5 0 ,*>les ,blundy1 a ,london wat*mak] :o e/abli%$ himself on ,*ur* ,/reet 9 ,*>le/on1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 9 #agec4 ,he notifi$ ! public t 9 addition to wat*es he sold !rmomet]s ( all sizes & types4 ,presumably 8 m]*&ise 0 import$ f ,engl&4#ag ,he 0 abs5t f ! city betwe5 #agec & #agfj b return$ & cont9u$ 9 bus9ess 9 ! latt] ye>4 ,ano!r pre-,revolution immigrant 0 ,?omas ,h>l& 7#agce-ahjg71 a clock mak] :o settl$ 9 ,norwi*1 ,connecticut1 9 #aggc4 ,x is claim$ t he sail$ f ,engl& on "o ( ! %ips c>ry+ ! tea de/roy$ by ! ,bo/on ,tea ,p>ty4 ,ov] ! c\rse ( ! ye>s 8 bus9ess prosp]$ to su* a degree t he hir$ f t5 to twelve appr5tices at "o "t4 ,"s ( ! lead+ ,am]ican #ah?-c5tury clockmak]s s]v$ appr5tice%ips ) ,h>l&4 ,9 #ahjb 8 newspap] notice /at$ t he _h = sale ,surveyors ,compasses1 ) agate c5tre ne$les2 *a9s & ,protractors 444#ah ,a mo/ int]e/+ in/rum5t t has rec5tly come to light is a brass sundial made 9 ,philadelphia 9 #agfd4 ,! dial1 ab\t #aj-a_/b in*es 9 diamet]1 is sign$ by ! mak]1 ,daniel ,jay ,philada4 fecit4 ,x is dat$ #agfd & inscrib$ ) ! "n ( ! p]son = :om x 0 made1 ,james ,pemb]ton4 ,9 ! c5t] is ,lat4 #dj1 :i* co9cides ) ! latitude = ,philadelphia4 ,! /yle ( ! dial is v mu* 9 ! ,engli% tradition ( ! p]iod1 indicat+ t ,jay 0 probably an emigrant tra9$ 9 ,engl&4 ,po/-,revolution>y ,immigrant ,mak]s ,a l>ge proportion ( ! ,engli% craftsm5 :o came to ! ,am]ican ,colonies aft] ! ,revolution settl$ 9 ,philadelphia1 ,!re 0 ,john ,g\ld = in/ance1 a ma!matical in/rum5t mak] f ,london :o _h op5$ a %op at #dg ,wat] ,/reet by #agid4 ,he sold nautical1 survey+1 & optical in/rum5ts z well z mirrors1 presumably all import$ f ,engl&4 ,he mov$ to #gj ,s\? ,front ,/reet ,at ! ,sign ( ! ,quadrant 9 #agif4 ,he 0 succe$$ 9 bus9ess 9 #agih by ,?omas ,:itney1 ano!r emigrant f ,london4 ,:itney made & sold in/rum5ts 7see fig4 #he7 9 ,g\ld's =m] %op1 & featur$ also a va/ array ( dep>tm5t /ore m]*&ise4 ,john ,:itney1 :o may h be5 8 son1 0 li/$ at ! same address 9 ! ,philadelphia directory ( #ahja z a ,ma!matical ,in/rum5t ,mak] & ,optician4#ai ,9 ! ,philadelphia directory & regi/] = #ahba ,?omas ,:itney adv]tis$ t he 444 pres5ts 8 s9c]e ?anks to 8 fri5ds & ! public & respectfully solicit+ ! cont9uation ( _! favors1 wi%es to in=m !m t he has devot$ 8 att5tion pr9cipally to ! mak+ ( survey+ compasses = #af ye>s pa/1 & has made #ejj ( !m2 ! good qualities ( :i* are well kn[n to _m surveyors1 9 at lea/ #af ( ! ,/ates & ,t]ritories ( ! ,union 444 he also makes _m o!r in/rum5ts1 protractors1 gunn]'s ,calib]s & quadrants1 etc4 ,george ,evans 0 ano!r in/rum5t mak] :o arriv$ f ,london aft] ! end ( ! ,revolution4 ,he e/abli%$ himself 9 a %op at #cc ,nor? ,front ,/reet 9 #agif1 :]e he sold import$ in/rum5ts z well z /ation]y1 ,bibles1 & clo?4 ,he di$ 9 #agih4bj ,?omas ,dr+1 :o migrat$ f ,engl&1 settl$ 9 ,we/t[n ,t[n%ip ( ,*e/] ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania1 :]e he 0 fir/ not$ 9 ! tax records ( #aghf4 ,he m>ri$ ,hanna ,griffi?1 a native ( ! region1 & _! son1 ,jep?a ,dr+1 subsequ5tly 0 m5tion$ z a c>p5t] by trade1 & a vagrant by incl9ation1 :o c\ld quote ,%akespe>e f memory4 ,accord+ to local leg5d1 ,dr+ rais$ money f a numb] ( t[nspeople = ! purpose ( pur*as+ clocks = !m 9 ,engl&4 ,he set sail = 8 homel& 9 ab\t #agih & nev] return$4 ,al?\gh ! tax records = #agif describ$ ,dr+ z an ,optician he 0 also a clockmak] & mak] ( sci5tific in/rum5ts4 ,at lea/ ?ree ( 8 tall-case clocks h surviv$1 & a /ick type ( b>omet] :i* he made = ,edw>d & ,hannah ,hicks 9 #agif4 ,! in/rum5t is n[ 9 ! collection ( ! ,*e/] ,c\nty ,hi/orical ,society4 ,x measures #ci in*es 9 height1 & is sign$ on ! !rmomet] dial ,,?omas ,,dr+_/,we/ ,*e/]4 ,?is in/rum5t 7fig4 #ad7 is "o ( ! v r>e b>omet]s produc$ 9 ,am]ica 9 ! #ah? c5tury4 ,ano!r craftsman :o emigrat$ f ,engl& 0 ,rob]t ,cl>k1 :o op5$ a %op at #e-a_/b ,*ur* ,/reet 9 ,*>le/on1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 9 #aghe4 ,9 t ye> he ann\nc$ himself z a ,ma?41 ,optical & ,philosophical ,in/rum5ts mak] & ,clockmak] f ,london 444 ,z ! ,adv]tis] has lately _h an opportunity ( work+ & receiv+ in/ruction "u ! fir/ ma/]s 9 ! above bran*es 9 ,great ,brita91 flatt]s himself t he %all give satisfaction to ^? :o may be pleas$ to favor him ) _! ord]s 444 = ,surveyors compasses1 ,quadrants1 ,telescopes1 ,microscopes1 ,_s ,levels1 etc4#ba ,w4 ,fosbrook 0 ano!r craftsman orig9ally f ,london4 ,he 0 a cutl] & mak] ( surgical in/rum5ts1 ) a %op 9 ,beekman's ,slip 9 ,new ,york ,city 9 #aghf or e>li]4 ,he specializ$ 9 leg irons & rupture trusses1 & he made in/rum5ts & files = sett+ ! tee? z well z /&>d items = surgeons4#bb ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ad4--;,b>omet] made 9 #agif by ,?omas ,dr+ ( ,we/ ,*e/]1 ,pa41 = ,edw>d & ,hannah ,hicks4 ,photo c\rtesy ! ,*e/] ,c\nty ,hi/orical ,society4 ,sev]al immigrant in/rum5t mak]s e/abli%$ !mselves 9 ,philadelphia dur+ ! same p]iod4 ,john ,d5egan 7or ,donegan71 /at$ to h be5 late f ,italy1 mov$ 8 %op 9 ,m>* #aghg to ! corn] ( ,race & ,f\r? ,/reets at ! sign ( ! ,sev5 ,/>s4#bc ,!re he made b>omet]s & !rmomet]s z well z glasses = philosophical exp]im5ts4 ,x seems too mu* ( a co9cid5ce t 9 ,octob] #aghg an in/rum5t mak] nam$ ,joseph ,donegany e/abli%$ a %op at #ed ,smi? ,/reet 9 ,new ,york ,city1#bd :]e--accord+ to an adv]tisem5t 9 ! ,octob] #ag1 #aghg1 issue ( ,! ,new ,york ,daily ,adv]tis]--he made !rmomet]s1 b>omet]s & sold hydro/atic ,bubbles & hygromet]s = prov+ spirits1 & also 444 glasses = exp]im5tal purposes4 ,x is probable t ,d5egan & ,donegany 7 "o & ! same2 s9ce ,d5egan 0 /at$ to h be5 ( ,italian orig91 ! "n may orig9ally h be5 ,de ,negani4 ,joseph ,gatty adv]tis$ himself z an ,arti/ f ,italy ) a %op at #cda ,pe>l ,/reet 9 ,new ,york ,city :]e he made & sold e simple & comp\nd =m ( b>omet] & !rmomet] z well z curi\s ,hygromet]s = assay+ spirits :i* %[ ! actual /r5g? ) ! greate/ precision & are n liable to be corrod$1 9 addition to sev]al new ,philosophical ,in/rum5ts ( 8 own inv5tion1 & all types ( artificial fireworks4#be ,by #agif ,gatty 7or ,gatti87 _h mov$ to ,philadelphia :]e he _h a %op at #gi ,s\? ,front ,/reet & adv]tis$ ! same items t _h appe>$ 9 8 adv]tisem5ts 9 ,new ,york4 ,! ,philadelphia directory = #ahjj li/$ ,gatty z a ,wea!r ,glass ,mak]4#bf ,native ,am]ican ,mak]s ,comp>atively speak+1 ! great] proportion ( ! e>ly ,am]ican in/rum5t mak]s 7 native born4 ,among ^! 7 to be f\nd a sub/antial numb] ( artisans tra9$ z clockmak]s :o subsequ5tly produc$ sci5tific in/rum5ts to meet ! survey+ & nautical ne$s ( _! communities4 ,toge!r ) ! o!r craftsm5 ?r\gh\t ! colonies :o e/abli%$ & adv]tis$ !mselves specifically z in/rum5t mak]s1 !y produc$ a l>ge numb] ( ! ma!matical in/rum5ts us$ 9 ! ,am]ican ,colonies 9 ! #ah? c5tury4 ,a c>eful /udy ( _! regional di/ribution reveals t mo/ ( !m 7 conc5trat$ 9 ! major coa/al cities ( comm]ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ae4--;,james ,wilson1 fir/ ,am]ican mak] ( globes4 ,f a sket* by ,john ,ross ,dix 9 ,ball\'s ,pictorial ,draw+ ,room ,companion 7,bo/on1 #aheg71 vol4 #ab1 p4 #aef4 ,new ,hamp%ire ,among ! artisans :o comb9$ clockmak+ ) in/rum5t mak+ be=e ! beg9n+ ( ! #ai? c5tury 0 ,b5jam9 ,c4 ,gilman 7#agfc-ahce7 ( ,exet]1 ,new ,hamp%ire4 ,he made ma!matical in/rum5ts & clocks 9 addition to work+ z a silv]smi?1 clockmak]1 & hydraulic eng9e]4 ,v]mont ,a ,new ,engl& in/rum5t mak] :o _h a mo/ unusual c>e] 0 ,james ,wilson 7#agfc-ahee7 ( ,brad=d1 ,v]mont4 ,he 0 a native ( ,france/[n1 ,new ,hamp%ire1 :]e he 0 born 9 a log cab9 & br\ght up on a f>m4 ,9 #agif he pur*as$ 8 own f>m1 at ,brad=d4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #af4--;,globe made by ,james ,wilson 7#agfc-ahee7 ( ,brad=d1 ,v]mont4 ,diamet] is #ac 94 ,photo c\rtesy ,h\ghton ,libr>y1 ,h>v>d ,univ]sity4 ,:5 a "y man ( #cf he saw a pair ( globes at ,d>tm\? ,college 9 neighbor+ ,hanov] & tri$ to duplicate !m4 ,he made balls ( wood turn$ f solid blocks1 cov]$ !m ) pap]1 & f9i%$ !m (f ) l9es & draw+s4 ,he lat] improv$ ?is me?od by coat+ ! wood5 balls ?ickly ) lay]s ( pap] pa/$ toge!r4 ,he !n cut ! globes into hemisph]es1 remov$ ! wood5 molds1 & jo9$ ! pap] %ells to make ! globes4 ,wilson next proce$$ to procure copp] plates ( ! necess>y sizes = 8 globes1 & he project$ 8 maps on !m 9 sections4 ,he receiv$ a few lessons 9 engrav+ f ,amos ,doolittle ( ,new ,hav51 b he 0 o!rwise completely self-taught4 ,wilson exhibit$ ! fir/ edition ( 8 globes 9 ,bo/on 9 #ahad4 ,!y creat$ a s5sation1 & _m p]sons ask$ to see ! mak]1 b ,wilson 0 reluctant to come =w>d because ( 8 co>se clo?+ & ru/ic mann]s4 ,he 0 greatly enc\rag$1 h[ev]1 by ! public int]e/ 9 8 "w1 & he cont9u$ to make globes 9 ,brad=d 7see fig4 #af74 ,9 ab\t #ahae ,wilson & 8 ?ree sons1 all ( :om 7 z +5i\s z ! fa!r1 =m$ a company to manufacture globes 9 ,albany4 ,!re !y produc$ t]re/rial & cele/ial globes1 ! latt] %[+ z _m z #e1jjj />s4 ,wilson produc$ a new set ( plates 9 #ahbf & made globes 9 sev]al sizes4 ,ev5 aft] he _h rea*$ ! age ( #hc ye>s he con/ruct$ an excell5t planet>ium1 engrav+ ! l>ge copp]plate himself4 ,wilson 0 m>ri$ ?ree times & 0 ! fa!r ( #ad *ildr54 ,he di$ at ! age ( #ib 9 ,m>* #ahee at ,brad=d4#bg ,massa*usetts ,a surpris+ly small numb] ( ! ,massa*usetts craftsm5 work+ be=e ! end ( ! #ah? c5tury produc$ sci5tific in/rum5ts4 ,among ! v e>lie/ 7 sev]al memb]s ( ! ,k+ family ( ,salem4 ,daniel ,k+ 7#agjd-agij7 0 born 9 ,salem on ,novemb] #ag1 #agjd4 ,at ! "t ( 8 dea? ,rev4 ,william ,b5tley spoke ( him z a mak] ( ,ma!matical ,in/rum5ts & a tea*] ( ,ma!matics4#bh ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ag4--;,brass survey+ compass made by ,/eph5 ,gre5leaf 7fl4 #agde7 ( ,bo/on4 ,photo c\rtesy ,new ,hamp%ire ,hi/orical ,society1 ,concord4 ,foll[+ ,daniel's dea?1 8 bus9ess 9 in/rum5ts 0 inh]it$ by 8 son ,b5jam9 ,k+ 7#agdj-ahjd71 ( ,salem4 ,b5jam9 specializ$ 9 produc+ nautical in/rum5ts1 & sev]al ( 8 ,davis quadrants h surviv$ 9 public collections4 ,:5 he di$ on ,decemb] #bf1 #ahjd1 ,rev]5d ,b5tley wrote t ,k+ 0 444 a ,ma!matical ,in/rum5t mak]1 9 t bran* :i* imm$iately reg>d$ practical navigation by quadrant & compass4 ,he support$ a v good "* ?r\gh life 0 mu* e/eem$4#bi ,ano!r ( ! v e>ly ma!matical in/rum5t mak]s 9 ,massa*usetts 0 ,/eph5 ,gre5leaf 7see fig4 #ag71 :o kept a %op on ,que5 ,/reet opposite ! prison 9 ,bo/on :]e ,he makes & ,m5ds all ,sorts ( ,ma!matical ,in/rum5ts1 z ,!odolites1 ,_s ,levels1 ,semicircles1 ,circumf]5ces1 & ,protractors1 ,horizontal & ,equ9octial ,sun ,dials1 ,azimu? & ,amplitude ,compasses1 ,elliptical & ,triangul> ,compasses1 & all sorts ( ,common ,compasses 444 ,n4,b4 ,he sets ,load ,/ones on ,silv] or ,brass1 aft] ! be/ mann]4#cj ,jona?an ,dak9 work$ z a ma!matical balance-mak] at ! ,sign ( ! ,h& ,beam1 opposite to ,dr4 ,colman's ,meet+ ,h\se :]e he made a v>iety ( scale beams 9 #agde4ca ,an int]e/+ adv]tisem5t by ,r[l& ,h\ghton appe>$ 9 ! ,janu>y #ag-bd1 #agcg1 issue ( ! ,bo/on ,gazette4 ,h\ghton ann\nc$ t he _h lately improv'd on 8 new ,!odolite1 by :i* ! ,art ( ,survey+ is r5d]$ m pla9 easy ?an h]et(ore4 ,h\ghton 0 active 9 ! political sc5e 9 ,bo/on1 z evid5c$ by ! fact t 9 v>i\s issues ( ! ,bo/on ,gazette = ,janu>y & ,febru>y #agci he is li/$ v>i\sly z ,commission]1 ,proprietors' ,cl]k & z ,collector4 ,isaac ,gre5wood1 ,jr4 7#agcj-ahjc71 0 born at ,cambridge1 :]e he m>ri$ ,m>y ,i'ams 9 #ageg4 ,he ma9ta9$ a %op :]e he comb9$ ! bus9ess ( ma!matical in/rum5t mak] & ivory turn]1 & also import$ h>dw>e4 ,aft] ! ,revolution1 he engag$ 9 d5ti/ry1 specializ+ 9 mak+ artificial tee? & 9 ! manufacture ( umbrilloes4 ,paul ,rev]e app>5tly did pr9t+ = him on five diff]5t occasions betwe5 #agfb & #aggd1 & 9 ab\t #agga engrav$ 8 trade c>d1 :i* read3 ,,isaac ,,gre5wood1 ,ivory ,turn] ,next door to ,doctor ,john ,cl>k's at ! ,nor? ,end ,bo/on4 ,turns all sorts ( "w 9 ,ivory1 ,silv]1 ,brass1 ,iron1 ,horn1 ,wood1 etc4 ,su* z ,billi>d ,balls1 ,tea ,bo>ds1 ,scallopd & ,pla9 ,salv]s1 ,decant]s 444#cb ,isaac's fa!r1 ,isaac ,gre5wood1 ,sr41 0 ,pr(essor ( ,ma!maticks & ,natural & ,exp]im5tal ,philosophy at ,h>v>d4 ,9 ! ,bo/on ,gazette = ,febru>y #ai-bf1 #agbh1 !re appe>$ ! foll[+ notice ( 8 in/allation3 ,on ! #ac? ( ?is ,mon? at ,t5 9 ! ,morn+1 ,! ,honorable ,rev]5d ,ov]se]s ( ! ,college at ,cambridge1 met ! ,corporation 9 ! ,college ,hall1 to ,inaugurate ,mr4 ,isaac ,gre5wood into ! ,(fice ( ,pr(essor ( ! ,ma!maticks1 & ,natural & ,exp]im5tal ,philosophy1 lately f\nd$ by t great & liv+ ,b5efactor to ?is ,society1 ,mr4 ,?omas ,hollis ( ,london ,m]*ant4 ,! ,rev4 ,presid5t be+ deta9'd by illness1 ,mr4 ,fl9t ! ,s5ior ,fell[ p]=m'd ! "p ( ,mod]ator1 began ) ,pray]1 & !n ,pron\nc'd a ,lat9 ,oration prop] to ! ,occasion3 ,mr4 ,wigglewor? ,div9ity ,pr(essor1 read ! ,f\nd]s ,in/ructions4 ,mr4 ,gre5wood took ! ,oa?s & made ! ,decl>ations requir$ 9 !m3 & pron\nc'd a ,lat9 ,oration4 ,! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,appleton ,pray'd3 & ,s++ "p ( ! #ajd ,psalm conclud$ ! ,solemnity4 ,aft] :i* ! ,ov]se]s ,corporation repair'd to ! ,libr>y2 till ! ,publick ,d9n] 9 ! ,hall 0 ready1 :]e all ! ,g5tlem5 ,spectators ( ! ,solemnity 7 hansomely ,ent]ta9$4 ,gre5wood cont9u$ to tea* privately = a decade4 ,9 v>i\s issues ( ,! ,bo/on ,gazette ( #agch & #agci he featur$ an adv]tisem5t1 ! text ( :i* always /at$3 ,su* z are desir\s ( le>n+ any ,"p ( ,practical or ,!oretical ,ma!matics may be taught by ,isaac ,gre5wood1 ,a4,m4 c4 9 ,cl>k's ,squ>e1 ne> ! ,nor? ,meet+ ,h\se1 :]e ,att5dance w be giv5 betwe5 ! ,h\rs ( #i & #ab 9 ! ,=5oon1 & #b & #e 9 ! ,aft]noons4 ,n4,b4 ,in/ructions may also be _h 9 any ,bran* ( ,natural ,philosophy1 :5 !re is a suffici5t ,numb] to att5d4#cc ,john ,bailey ,,ii 7#ageb-ahbc7 ( ,hanov] & ,lynn1 ,massa*usetts work$ z a clockmak] f ab\t #aggj4 ,8 fa!r1 ,john ,bailey ,i1 & 8 bro!rs ,calv9 & ,lebbeus also 7 clockmak]s4 ,bailey m>ri$ ,m>y ,hall ( ,b]wick1 ,ma9e1 & settl$ 9 ,hanov] :]e he made sci5tific in/rum5ts & clocks4 ,a brass survey+ compass 9 ! collection ( ! ,new ,york ,hi/orical ,society is inscrib$ ,j4 ,,bailey ,,hanov] #ahjd4cd ,und\bt$ly ! be/ kn[n in/rum5t mak] 9 ,massa*usetts 0 ,joseph ,pope 7#agej-ahbf71 ( ,bo/on1 :o 0 describ$ by contempor>ies z ! local ma!matician1 wat*-mak] & me*anical g5ius4 ,9 #aghg he complet$ ! con/ruction ( a ge>-driv5 orr]y display+ ! motions ( ! sol> sy/em 9 a horizontal plane ) ecc5tric & incl9$ orbits4 ,at ea* ( ! twelve corn]s 7 m\nt$ ca/ bronze figures1 claim$ to h be5 c>v$ 9 wood by ,simeon ,skill9 & ca/ 9 bronze by ,paul ,rev]e4 ,al?\gh ! in/rum5t 0 made = ,h>v>d1 ! univ]sity lack$ funds = its pur*ase4 ,accord+ly1 x held a public lott]y :i* realiz$ a sub/antial sum 9 excess ( ! ,l#dej4c4j paid to ,pope1 & ! orr]y 0 deliv]$ 9 ,decemb] #aghh4ce ,! orr]y 7fig4 #ah7 has surviv$ & is "p ( ! collection ( hi/orical sci5tific in/rum5ts at ,h>v>d ,univ]sity4 ,accord+ to a /atem5t 9 ! ,bo/on ,gazette = ,febru>y #af1 #aghi1 an app>atus = display+ planets 9 _! prop] orbits by means ( wires 0 made & exhibit$ 9 ,bo/on by ,b>?olomew ,burges4 ,m5tion mu/ also be made ( sev]al memb]s ( ! ,folg] family ( ,nantucket1 ,massa*usetts4 ,pet] ,folg] 7#afag-afij71 f\nd] ( ! ,am]ican bran* ( ! family1 emigrat$ f ,norfolk1 ,engl&1 9 #afce & occupi$ himself 9 ,nantucket z blacksmi?1 s*oolma/]1 wat*mak]1 & surveyor4 ,he 0 a gr&fa!r ( ,b5jam9 ,frankl94 ,ano!r notable desc5dant 0 ,m>ia ,mit*ell 7#ahah-ahhi71 pr(essor ( a/ronomy & director ( ! obs]vatory at ,vass> ,college4 ,! be/ kn[n memb] ( ! family 0 ,walt] ,folg]1 ,jr4 7#agfe-ahdi71 a self-taught clockmak] & wat*mak] ) great int]e/ 9 ! sci5ces4 ,a telescope t he produc$ ab\t #ahah 0 consid]$ to be ! f9e/ 9 ! c\ntry at t "t4 ,8 greate/ a*ievem5t 0 a tall case a/ronomical clock t he devis$ & con/ruct$2 x 0 complet$ 9 #agij & is consid]$ to be ! mo/ complicat$ dome/ic clock on record4#cf ,folg] also produc$ quadrants & compasses1 & made a/ronomical obs]vations4 ,8 obs]vations ( ! sol> eclipse ( ,septemb] #ag1 #ahaa1 7 publi%$ 9 #ahae 9 ,memoirs ( ! ,academy ( ,arts & ,sci5ces4 ,probably "o ( ! mo/ significant ( ! surviv+ e>ly ,am]ican sci5tific in/rum5ts is a pair ( gunn]s' calip]s made & us$ by ,,paul ,,rev]e 7#agce-ahah7 ( ,bo/on4 ,! calip]s are made ( incis$ brass1 measur+ #g in*es 9 l5g? & #a-c_/d in*es 9 wid?4 ,!y are sign$ on ! rev]se side ) ! "n ,rev]e 9 ! /yle ( script signature us$ by ?is mak] 9 _m ( 8 engrav+s4 ,! design ( ! in/rum5t is sub/antially diff]5t f t :i* is commonly f\nd 9 ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 & ,g]man gunn]s' calip]s ( ! p]iod1 & 0 probably ,rev]e's own4 7,see figs4 #ai1 #bj47 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ah4--,orr]y by ,joseph ,pope complet$ 9 #aghg = ,h>v>d ,univ]sity4 ,engrav$ plates & bronze figures 7 made by ,paul ,rev]e4 ,! orr]y is #f-a_/b ft4 9 diamet] & #f-a_/b ft4 high4 ,! twelve figures at ! corn]s are said to h be5 c>v$ 9 wood by ,simeon ,skill9 & ca/ 9 bronze by ,paul ,rev]e4 ,photo c\rtesy ,h>v>d ,univ]sity4 ,x is believ$ t ^! calip]s1 :i* are pres]v$ 9 ! collection ( ! ,bo/onian ,society 9 ,bo/on1 7 probably us$ by ,rev]e 9 #agge-aggf4 ,?is 0 ! p]iod dur+ :i* he 0 9 *>ge ( ordnance repairs = ! ,cont95tal ,army1 & involv$ 9 v>i\s v5tures = ! manufacture ( gunp[d] & ! ca/+ ( cannon4 ,!re is no evid5ce ( o!r sci5tific in/rum5ts made by ,rev]e1 l5d+ "s weight to ! belief t ^! calip]s 7 made = 8 own use4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ai4--;,brass gunn]y calip]s made & probably us$ by ,paul ,rev]e 7#agce-ahah74 ,! calip]s are #g 94 long & #a-c_/d 94 wide4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #bj4--,rev]se side ( gunn]y calip]s1 %[+ ! inscrib$ signature4 ,photos c\rtesy ! ,bo/onian ,society1 ,bo/on1 ,mass4 ,o!r ,massa*usetts in/rum5t mak]s include ,gideon ,fairman 7#aggd-ahbg7 ( ,newburyport :o 0 a p>tn] ( ,william ,hook] 9 ! firm ( ,hook] ,fairman1 :i* dealt 9 ma!matical in/rum5ts be=e #ahaj4cg ,fairman lat] mov$ to ,philadelphia1 :]e he 0 associat$ ) ! engrav+ firm ( ,drap]1 ,murray ,fairman4 ,at ! end ( ! #ah? c5tury ,samuel ,em]y 0 mak+ ma!matical in/rum5ts 9 ,salem1 at ! same "t t ,john ,jayne 0 engag$ 9 ! same "w 9 t community4#ch ,john ,pott] ( ,brookfield1 ,massa*usetts1 produc$ survey+ in/rum5ts 9 ! la/ qu>t] ( ! #ah? c5tury4 ,a graphomet] sign$ ) 8 "n & dat$ #aghe is 9 ! collection ( ! firm ( ,w4 ,l4 ,e4 ,gurley 9 ,troy1 ,new ,york4 ,rhode ,isl& ,"o ( ! e>lie/ & mo/ important ( ! in/rum5t mak]s ( ,rhode ,isl& 0 ,b5jam9 ,k+ 7#agjg-aghf71 ( ,newport4 ,he 0 ! son ( ,capt4 ,samuel ,k+ ( ,salem1 ,massa*usetts1 :]e he 0 born & baptiz$ on ,m>* #ac1 #agjg4 ,he 0 a bro!r ( ,daniel ,k+ ( ,salem4 ,b5jam9 ev5tually mov$ to ,newport1 :]e he m>ri$ ,m>y ,hagg] 9 ,july #agdb4 ,!y _h f\r *ildr53 ,b5jam91 ,mehitable1 ,samuel1 & ,m>y4 ,he e/abli%$ himself z a respectable bus9essman 9 ! community1 & 9 #agei or #agfj he became ! s5ior p>tn] 9 ! import+ & retail+ firm ( ,k+ ,hagg]1 ne> ! sign ( ,mr4 ,pitt1 deal+ 9 g5]al m]*&ise1 ma!matical & nautical in/rum5ts1 & /ation]y4 ,william ,hagg] 0 probably ! junior p>tn]1 & may h be5 ,k+'s bro!r-9-law4 ,k+ began mak+ 8 own in/rum5ts = sale1 surviv+ examples dat$ z e>ly z #agfb4 ,! p>tn]%ip 0 dissolv$ e>ly 9 ! #agfj's4 ,9 #agff ,b5jam9 ,k+ 0 import+1 mak+1 & sell+ quadrants & o!r in/rum5ts ,at ! ,sign ( ! ,ma!matical ,in/rum5ts next to ! ,gold5 ,eagle on ,?ames ,/reet4 ,8 son ,samuel ,k+ occupi$ ! same premises1 :]e he dealt 9 pa9ts & arti/s supplies4 ,:5 ! ,briti% occupi$ ,newport1 ,k+ mov$ to ,nor? ,k+/[n1 b he return$ aft] ! ,briti% vacat$ ! city4 ,he 0 #gi :5 he di$ 9 #aghf1 & 8 son ,samuel ,k+ succe$$ him 9 bus9ess4#ci ,william ,guyse ,hagg] 7c4 #agdd-ahcj871 born 9 ,newport1 is believ$ to h be5 ! son ( ,william ,hag> & ,m>y ,kn[lton4 ,he 0 a quadrant mak] 7see fig4 #ba74 ,9 #aggd he head$ a h\sehold t consi/$ ( 8 wife1 five *ildr51 & a color$ s]vant4 ,:e!r x 0 he or 8 fa!r :o 0 ! p>tn] ( ,b5jam9 ,k+ _c be det]m9$ ) c]ta9ty4 ,:5 ,newport 0 occupi$ by ! ,briti%1 ,hagg] mov$ to ,cran/on1 :]e he jo9$ ! ,pawtuxet ,rang]s & s]v$ z a s5t9el at ,pawtuxet ,=t 9 #aggh4 ,no memb]s ( ! ,hagg] family appe> 9 ! #agij c5sus ( ,newport1 b a ,william ,hag] is report$ z hav+ di$ 9 ,bo/on 9 #ahcj at ! age ( #hb4 ,x seems likely f ! age & dates t x 0 ,william ,hagg] ! eld] :o work$ z a p>tn] 9 ! firm ( ,k+ ,hagg]1 :i* 0 e/abli%$ 9 #agei or #agfj4dj ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ba4--;,davis quadrant or back/aff made & sign$ by ,william ,guyse ,hagg] ( ,newport1 ,rhode ,isl&1 ab\t #agfj-aggj4 ,,usnm #caijbi4 ,ano!r in/rum5t mak] ( ,rhode ,isl& 0 ,william ,haml9 7#aggb-ahfi74 ,he _h e/abli%$ himself 9 ,provid5ce by ! beg9n+ ( ! #ai? c5tury 9 ! manufactur+ & repair+ ( ma!matical & nautical in/rum5ts1 = :i* !re 0 an active m>ket 9 t city4 ,haml9 0 "o ( ! fir/ engrav]s 9 ,am]ica & ! fir/ 9 ,rhode ,isl&4 ,he design$ & engrav$ banknotes = _m banks 9 ! ,/ate & = o!r in/itutions4 ,at ! same "t he c>ri$ on a g5]al trade 9 ! sale ( musical in/rum5ts4 ,haml9 mov$ 8 %op sev]al times1 b f #ahdg until 8 dea? he work$ at ,! ,sign ( ! ,quadrant 7see fig4 #bb7 at #aca ,s\? ,wat] ,/reet4 ,he 0 equally int]e/$ 9 optics & a/ronomy1 & x has be5 claim$ t he con/ruct$ ! fir/ telescope 9 ,am]ica4 ,x is well e/abli%$ t he work$ = _m ye>s to p]fect a reflect+ telescope = 8 own use4#da ,in/rum5ts 7 made also by ,paul ,pease1 :o may h be5 ! husb& ( ! daught] ( ,na?aniel ,folg] ( ,nantucket4 ,?is ,elizabe? ,folg] ,pease1 wife ( a ,paul ,pease1 0 born 9 #agbj & di$ 9 #agie4 ,little is kn[n ab\t ,pease except = ! "n ,paul ,pease #agej inscrib$ on a quadrant 9 ! collection ( ! ,rhode ,isl& ,hi/orical ,society4#db ,connecticut ,! clockmak]s :o work$ 9 ,connecticut dur+ ! span ( ! #ah? c5tury numb]$ almo/ a hundr$4 ,yet only a half doz5 appe> on record to h made or sold in/rum5ts 9 addition to clocks4 ,among ^! 7 sev]al memb]s ( ! ,doolittle family1 includ+ ,isaac ,doolittle 7#agba-ahjj7 ( ,new ,hav54 ,9 #agfc he adv]tis$ t he sold survey+ compasses 9 addition to clocks1 wat*es1 b> iron1 & *ocolate4#dc ,8 son ,isaac ,doolittle1 ,jr4 7#agei-ahba71 also ( ,new ,hav51 e/abli%$ a %op ( 8 own1 :i* he adv]tis$ 9 #agha z hav+ ,compasses ( all k9ds1 bo? = sea & l&1 surveyors scales1 & protractors1 gaug+ rods1 walk+ /icks1 silv] & plat$ buttons1 turn$ ^u horn2 also clocks & wat*es made & repair$ 444#dd ,al?\gh n v active z a clockmak]1 ,isaac ,jr4 appe>s to h specializ$ m 9 ! production ( survey+ & nautical in/rum5ts4 ,he took ov] 8 fa!r's bus9ess j be=e ! latt]'s dea?1 & 9 #agii he adv]tis$#de3 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #bb4--,trade c>ds ( ,william ,haml9 7#aggb-ahfi71 engrav] & in/rum5t mak] ( ,provid5ce1 ,rhode ,isl&4 ,9 collection ( ,rhode ,isl& ,hi/orical ,society1 ,provid5ce4 ,! subscrib] hav+ comm5c$ bus9ess at ! %op lately occupi$ by ,mr4 ,isaac ,doolittle1 9 ,*apel ,/reet1 :]e he repairs wat*es1 makes & repairs ,surveyors ,compasses & ,*a9s1 ,brass ,amplitude1 pla9 brass & common ,%ip's ,compasses1 ,gaug+ ,rods1 ,quadrants1 repair'd c4 e favor gratefully receiv$ by ! public's humble s]vant1 ,isaac ,doolittle1 jun4 ,enos ,doolittle 7#agea-ahjf71 a nephew ( ,isaac ,doolittle1 ,sr41 made1 sold1 clean$1 & repair$ clocks & survey+ & m>9e compasses f #aggb ?r\gh #aghh at 8 %op 9 ,h>t=d4 ,he also sold ^! items ?r\gh ag5ts 9 ,saybrook & ,middleton4#df ,"o ( ! be/ kn[n ( ! ,connecticut clockmak]s 0 ,p]egr9e ,:ite 7#agdg-ahcd71 ( ,wood/ock4 ,:ite 0 a desc5dant ( ! fir/ ,pilgrim *ild1 & a native ( ,bo/on4 ,aft] s]v+ an appr5tice%ip1 he work$ z a clockmak] & silv]smi? 9 ,bo/on4 ,he 0 accus$ ( =g+ silv] spoons & left ! city to settle 9 ,wood/ock4 ,he e/abli%$ 8 own %op we/ ( ,muddy ,brook ,village4#dg ,9 addition to f9e tall-case clocks1 = :i* he 0 not$1 ,:ite also produc$ survey+ compasses1 "o ( :i* is 9 ! collection ( ! ,u4,s4 ,national ,museum 7fig4 #bc74 ,a simil> specim5 9 ,old ,/urbridge ,village is reput$ to h be5 us$ = survey+ ! t[n ( ,s\?bridge1 ,mass4 ,b5jam9 ,hanks 7#agee-ahbd71 ( ,mansfield & ,lit*field1 ins]t$ a notice 9 a newspap] 9 #ahjh to notify ! public t he & 8 son ,truman ,hanks1 9 p>tn]%ip1 _h surveyors compasses ^u ! ,ritt5h\se improv$ plan 9 addition to su* o!r commodities z brass cannon1 bells f _! own f\ndry1 clocks1 goldsmi?'s items1 & /ock+ looms4#dh ,ziba ,blakslee 7#agfh-ahcd71 ( ,newton1 work$ z a clockmak]1 goldsmi?1 & bell f\nd] & he adv]tis$ t he made & sold survey+ in/rum5ts4#di ,9 ,new ,hav51 ,cl>k ,sibley & ,simeon ,m>ble organiz$ ! firm ( ,sibley ,m>ble & adv]tis$ t 9 addition to repair+ swords & cutlasses1 clocks & wat*es1 !y also repair$ ma!matical & surgical in/rum5ts4#ej ,illu/ration3 ,figure #bc4--;,brass survey+ compass made ab\t #agij by ,p]egr9e ,:ite 7#agdg-ahcd7 ( ,wood/ock1 ,connecticut4 ,,usnm #chhiic4 ,"o ( ! in/rum5t mak]s ( ,new ,engl& :o has rema9$ relatively unkn[n 0 ,b5jam9 ,platt 7#ageg-ahcc71 :o 0 born 9 ,danbury1 ,connecticut1 on ,janu>y #c1 #ageg4ea ,he m>ri$ ,adah ,fair*ild ( ! same city 9 #aggf1 & x is believ$ t he mu/ h complet$ 8 appr5tice%ip by t date inasmu* z appr5tices usually 7 n all[$ to m>ry4 ,x is n kn[n h[ long ,platt work$ 9 8 native city1 b by #aghj he _h mov$ to ,lit*field1 :]e he work$ 9 gold1 silv]1 & brass4 ,he became e/abli%$ z a clockmak] & produc$ tall case clocks & o!r types4 ,9 #aghg he 0 9 ,new ,mil=d1 a t[n adjac5t to ,danbury1 :]e he produc$ survey+ compasses 7see fig4 #bd74 ,?ree ye>s lat]1 9 #agij1 he 0 at ,mil=d1 :]e he inv5t$ a ,compass = measur+ di/ance 9 hilly c\ntry4 ,9 #agic he return$ to ,new ,mil=d1 :]e he made a clock to ord] = ,eli ,todd1 & by #ahjj he _h mov$ to ,lanesboro1 ,massa*usetts4 ,ohio ,b5jam9 ,platt 0 ! migratory type4 ,9 #ahag he migrat$ f ,lanesboro to ,columbus1 ,ohio4 ,8 son1 ,augu/us ,platt 7#agic-ahhf71 also made ma!matical in/rum5ts 7see fig4 #be7 9 ,columbus4 ,9 #ahji a gr&son1 nam$ ,william ,augu/us ,platt 0 born4 ,:5 ! *ild's "m di$1 ,b5jam9 & ,adah ,platt adopt$ ! boy1 & :5 he came ( age he w5t into ! wat*mak+ trade4 ,william ,platt m>ri$ ,fanny ,hayes1 si/] ( ,presid5t ,hayes4#eb ,8 %op 0 li/$ 9 ! #ahdc city directory2 x 0 ! fir/ jewelry & clock & wat* /ore 9 ! community4 ,an int]e/+ acc\nt ( in/rum5t mak+ 9 ,ohio is f\nd 9 ! report ( a mission>y1 ,john ,heckeweld]4 ,he m5tion$ ! bro!rs ,joseph & ,francois ,deva*t :o work$ z wat*mak]s & in/rum5t mak]s 9 ,gallipolis1 ,ohio4 ,writ+ 9 #agib1 ,heckeweld] /at$ t ! mo/ int]e/+ %ops ( ! ,workm5 9 ,gallipolis 7 ^? ( ! ,goldsmi?s & ,wat*mak]s4 ,!y %[$ u "w on wat*es1 compasses1 sundials f9] ?an ,i h ev] beheld4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,figure #bd4--;,brass survey+ compass made by ,b5jam9 ,platt 7#ageg-ahcc7 ( ,new ,mil=d1 ,connecticut1 ab\t #agie-ahjj4 ,%[n 9 orig9al wood5 case & sep>ately 7opposite page74 ,photos c\rtesy ,ohio ,/ate ,museum4 ,new ,york ,!re 7 relatively few mak]s ( ma!matical in/rum5ts 9 ,new ,york ,city be=e ! end ( ! #ah? c5tury4 ,p]haps ! e>lie/ 0 ,john ,bailey1 :o mov$ f ,fr$]icksburg1 ,virg9ia1 to ,fi%kill1 ,new ,york1 9 #aggh4 ,he 0 a cutl] by trade1 & he made & sold surgical in/rum5ts4#ec ,bulma9 ,d5nies at #ei ,wat] ,/reet 9 ,new ,york 7 ! appo9t$ ag5ts to sell ! ,p]petual ,log or ,di/ance ,clock to f9d a %ip's way at sea4 ,! device _h be5 pat5t$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & "o ( ! in/rum5ts 0 display$ at ! b> ( ! ,tont9e ,c(fee ,h\se1 accord+ to an adv]tisem5t 9 ! ,july #bc1 #agii1 issue ( ! ,new ,york ,gazette & ,g5]al ,adv]tis]4 ,h4 ,c>itat1 at #aec ,broadway 9 ,new ,york1 import$ & sold ,! ,planisph]ical ,planet>ium4 ,?is item 0 describ$ 9 an adv]tisem5t#ed z a graphic repres5tation ( ! e>?1 9 twelve p>ticul> positions dur+ its revolution>y c\rse ar\nd ! sun1 z also ( ! ,moon's revolution ar\nd ! e>?1 toge!r ) lit]al description ( p>ts & motions1 etc4 ,! adv]tisem5t also /at$ t ,c>itat sold ,c>ey's newly improv$ ,t]re/rial & ,cele/ial ,globes :i* omitt$ ! ,con/ell>y ,configurations4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #be4--,survey+ !odolite made by ,augu/us ,platt 7#agic-ahhf7 ( ,columbus1 ,ohio1 9 ! e>ly #ai? c5tury4 ,photo c\rtesy ,ohio ,/ate ,museum4 ,9 #aghe ,m4 ,morris ( ,new ,york ,city made & sold 8 own inv5tion ( a ,nautical ,protractor = ! price ( ,"o ,doll>4 ,9 an adv]tisem5t 9 ,! ,indep5d5t ,j\rnal or ! ,g5]al ,adv]tis] ( ,may #be1 #aghe1 he expla9$ t ! device 0 = use 9 ! con/ruction ( globul> maps & ,m]cator *>ts4 ,he also made ano!r protractor = atta*+ to ! end ( a rul] = measur+ di/ances on *>ts4 ,he plann$ to publi% a treatise on ! subject ( 8 inv5tions4 ,james ,y\le1 a cutl] & me*anician ) a %op locat$ fir/ on ,fly ,/reet & !n at #fd ,wat] ,/reet at ! ,sign ( ! ,cross-,knives & ,gun1 sold a l>ge v>iety ( cutl]y & h>dw>e = gun repair4 ,he also made surgical in/rum5ts4 ,he di$ 9 ,febru>y #aghf at ! age ( #df z ! result ( an injury to 8 *e/ f a break+ gr9d/one :ile work+ 9 8 %op4 ,he 0 surviv$ by a wid[ & n9e *ildr5 & 0 succe$$ 9 bus9ess by 8 son ,john ,y\le4#ee ,new ,j]sey ,"o ( ! few in/rum5t mak]s kn[n to h work$ 9 ,new ,j]sey 0 ,a>on ,mill] ( ,elizabe?-t[n4 ,he 0 fir/ not$ 9 ! ,new ,york newspap]s 9 #agdh :5 he notifi$ ! public t1 9 addition to clocks1 he made compasses1 *a9s = surveyors1 & *ur* bells1 = :i* he ma9ta9$ 8 own f\ndry4 ,:5 he di$ 9 #agga he left all 8 tools to a son-9-law1 ,isaac ,brokaw4#ef ,ano!r craftsman :o is entitl$ to be+ includ$ z an in/rum5t mak] 0 ,ri*>d ,wi/>4 ,:5 ,casp] ,wi/> di$ 9 #ageb1 8 son ,ri*>d succe$$ him z own] ( ! fam\s glass works4 ,9 addition to w9d[ glass & glassw>e1 ,ri*>d ,wi/> also produc$ su* special products z retorts = use 9 *emi/ry & elect]iz+ globes & tubes1 z well z bottles = ,leyd5 j>s t ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 _h urg$ him to attempt 9 ! e>ly #agej's4#eg ,delaw>e ,george ,cr[ 7ca4 #agbe-agga_/gb7 ( ,wilm+ton1 ,delaw>e1 0 app>5tly well e/abli%$ z a clockmak] 9 ! community by ! "t ( 8 m>riage 9 #agdf to ,m>y ,laudonet4 ,!y _h f\r *ildr51 & ,cr['s two sons foll[$ 8 trade4 ,george ,cr[ 0 active 9 civic affairs1 & 9 addition to clocks1 he produc$ survey+ compasses1 sev]al ( :i* h surviv$4#eh ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia ,brief m5tion has already be5 made ( ! ,*&lee family ( clockmak]s & in/rum5t mak]s ( ! #ah? c5tury4 ,! f\nd] ( ! l9e & fir/ ( int]e/ 0 ,b5jam9 ,*&lee1 ,sr41 :o migrat$ 9 #agjb f ,irel& to ,philadelphia1 :]e he 0 appr5tic$ to ,abel ,cottey1 clockmak]1 & ev5tually m>ri$ 8 daught]4 ,8 son ,b5jam9 ,*&lee1 ,jr4 7#agbc-agia71 work$ z a clockmak] 9 ,nott+ham1 ,m>yl&1 :]e he produc$ in/rum5ts z well z clocks4 ,a f9e example ( a brass survey+ compass--inscrib$ ) 8 "n1 & :i* is believ$ to h be5 made = ! ,gilp9 family 9 ab\t #agfa--;is on exhibition 9 ! ,*e/] ,c\nty ,hi/orical ,society4 ,he _h f\r sons1 & a few ye>s be=e 8 dea? he e/abli%$ ! firm ( ,*&lee ,sons1 ! "n ( :i* 0 *ang$ to ,ellis ,*&lee ,bro!rs a ye> be=e he di$4 ,! olde/ ( ,b5jam9 ,jr4's f\r sons 0 ,goldsmi? ,*&lee 7c4#agdf-ahba74 ,aft] s]v+ an appr5tice%ip ) 8 fa!r1 ,goldsmi? mov$ to ,virg9ia & work$ ne> ,/eph5sburg 7n[ ,/eph5s ,city74 ,he ev5tually e/abli%$ himself at ,w9*e/] & built a brass f\ndry & a %op :]e he produc$ clocks1 survey+ compasses1 sundials1 apo!c>y & money scales1 surgical in/rum5ts1 compasses1 telescopes1 & o!r items 9 metal4 ,num]\s examples ( 8 clocks & in/rum5ts h surviv$4 ,_! f9e quality atte/s to ! claim t he 0 "o ( ! =emo/ craftsm5 ( ! #ah? c5tury4 ,sev]al ( 8 survey+ compasses exi/ 9 mod]n collections4 ,an in/rum5t 7fig4 #bf7 t he made ab\t #agid = a surveyor nam$ ,rob]t ,lyle is 9 ! writ]'s collection2 an almo/ id5tical in/rum5t t ,*&lee made = ,lawr5ce ,augu/9e ,wa%+ton1 ,george ,wa%+ton's nephew1 is exhibit$ 9 ! libr>y at ,m\nt ,v]non1 ,virg9ia4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #bf4--,! label ( ,goldsmi? ,*&lee4 ,9 ! collection ( ,ohio ,hi/orical ,society1 ,ohio ,/ate ,museum4 ,ellis ,*&lee 7#agee-ahaf7 also 0 appr5tic$ to 8 fa!r1 & he work$ ) 8 bro!rs 9 ! %op4 ,he e/abli%$ ! firm ( ,ellis ,*&lee ,bro!rs1 9 #agij1 %ortly be=e 8 fa!r's dea?4 ,! firm 0 dissolv$ 9 #agig :5 ! y\nge/ bro!r1 ,john ,*&lee1 left ! firm4 ,ellis cont9u$ 9 p>tn]%ip ) 8 o!r bro!r1 ,isaac ,*&lee 7#agfj-ahac71 until ab\t #ahjd1 produc+ clocks1 survey+ in/rum5ts1 & o!r metal articles4 ,_! products 7 sign$ ,ellis & ,isaac ,*&lee1 ,nott+ham1 or1 9 ! case ( a survey+ compass 9 ! collection ( ! ,*e/] ,c\nty ,hi/orical ,society1 ,e4 ,i4 ,*&lee1 ,nott+ham4 ,isaac ,*&lee also produc$ clocks & in/rum5ts "u 8 own "n only1 = !re are a numb] ( surviv+ clocks & survey+ compasses sign$ 9 su* mann] 7see fig4 #bh74ei ,illu/ration3 ,figure #bg4--;,brass survey+ compass ) outkeep] made by ,goldsmi? ,*&lee 7c4 #agdf-ahba7 ( ,w9*e/]1 ,virg9ia1 = ,rob]t ,lyle4 ,ov]-all l5g?1 #ad-a_/b 942 diamet]1 #g 94 ,in/rum5t1 9 orig9al wood5 case1 be>s ink signature ( ,rob]t ,lyle4 ,9 collection ( ! writ]4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important craftsm5 ( ,m>yl& 0 ,fr$]ick ,a4 ,heisely 7#agei-ahci74 ,a native ( ,lanca/]1 ,p5nsylvania1 he s]v$ an appr5tice%ip !re ) ,john ,h(f1 ! ma/] clockmak]1 f #aggg to #aghc4 ,heisely s]v$ 9 ! ,revolution4 ,9 #aghc1 presumably ^u ! completion ( 8 appr5tice%ip1 he m>ri$ ,ca!r9e ,h(f1 ! clockmak]'s daught]4 ,he mov$ to ,fr$]ick1 ,m>yl&1 :]e he e/abli%$ 8 own clockmak+ %op & :]e he specializ$ 9 mak+ ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,a t[] clock made 9 ,fr$]ick is 9 ! collection ( ! ,u4,s4 ,national ,museum4 ,heisely return$ to ,lanca/] to become ,h(f's p>tn]1 & work$ ) him until #ahjb4 ,he !n mov$ 8 %op to ,h>risburg & work$ !re until #ahbj4 ,he mov$ once m1 ?is "t to ,pittsburgh :]e he adv]tis$ himself z a ,clock1 ,wat* & ,in/rum5t ,mak]1 ) a %op at ,no4 #f ,/4 ,clair ,/reet4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #bh4--;,brass survey+ compass made by ,goldsmi? ,*&lee = ,laur5ce ,augu/9e ,wa%+ton 9 ab\t #agie4 ,9 ! libr>y at ,m\nt ,v]non4 ,photo c\rtesy ! ,m\nt ,v]non ,ladies ,association ( ! ,union4 ,george ,heisely 7#aghi-ahhj71 ,fr$]ick's son1 :o 0 born at ,fr$]ick1 ,m>yl&1 a*iev$ note 9 8 own "r z a mak] ( clocks & in/rum5ts4 ,he work$ at ,second & ,walnut ,/reets 9 ,h>risburg4 ,he is cr$it$ ) be+ ! p]son :o select$ ! melody ( ,to ,anacreon 9 ,heav5 = ,! ,/>-,spangl$ ,bann]1 :ile he 0 s]v+ z a memb] ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,/ate ,militia4#fj ,p5nsylvania ,a numb] ( in/rum5t mak]s work$ 9 ,philadelphia1 :i* 0 "o ( ! important %ipp+ c5t]s dur+ ! #ah? c5tury & consequ5tly "o ( ! important m>kets = nautical in/rum5ts4 ,probably ! e>lie/ ,philadelphia in/rum5t mak] ( record 0 ,?omas ,godfrey 7#agjd-agdi7 :o 0 born 9 ,bri/ol ,t[n%ip4 ,aft] s]v+ an appr5tice%ip1 ,godfrey develop$ 8 own bus9ess z a glazi] & plumb]4 ,he is /at$ to h done ! major "p ( ! glaz+ ( ! ,/ate ,h\se 9 #agcb1 z well z simil> "w on ,*ri/ ,*ur*4 ,he also work$ = ,&rew ,hamilton & = ,james ,logan4 ,godfrey _h a natural incl9ation & int]e/ 9 sci5ce & ma!matics1 :i* may h be5 fur!r enc\rag$ by 8 fri5d%ip ) ,b5jam9 ,frankl91 :o resid$ 9 ! same h\se4 ,godfrey 0 also a fell[ memb] ( ,frankl9's ,junto4 ,9 #agcj ,godfrey inv5t$ an improv$ back/aff or ,davis quadrant1 & loan$ ! in/rum5t to ,jo%ua ,fi%] to be us$ 9 ! latt]'s survey ( ,delaw>e ,bay4 ,x is claim$ t ! location ( ,cape ,h5lop5 0 e/abli%$ on ,fi%]'s map 7publi%$ 9 ,london 9 #agef7 by means ( ,godfrey's in/rum5t4 ,james ,logan became int]e/$ 9 ! improv$ back/aff inv5t$ by ,godfrey & at ,logan's reque/1 ! in/rum5t 0 tak5 on a voyage to ! ,we/ ,indies by a ,capta9 ,wright = ! purpose ( te/+ x4#fa ,at ! same "t ,logan s5t a description ( ! in/rum5t to ,london to ! ,royal ,a/ronom]1 ,edmund ,halley4 ,no ackn[l$gm5t 0 made1 & 9 #agcd ,logan s5t a second description to ,sir ,hans ,sloane & to ,pet] ,collison = =w>d+ to ! ,royal ,society4 ,! arrival ( ?is description co9cid$ ) ! submission ( ! description ( a simil> in/rum5t to ! ,society by its vice presid5t1 ,james ,hadley4 ,! ,royal ,society decid$ 9 favor ( bo? inv5tors1 & ,godfrey 0 aw>d$ ! equival5t ( #bjj p\nds 9 h\sehold furniture4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #bi4--;,brass survey+ compass made by ,isaac ,*&lee 7#agfj-ahac7 ( ,nott+ham1 ,m>yl&4 ,photo c\rtesy ,ohio ,/ate ,museum4 ,godfrey is (t5 confus$ ) 8 son1 also nam$ ,?omas ,godfrey 7#agcf-agfc71 :o work$ z a wat*mak] 9 ,philadelphia1 & subsequ5tly became active 9 lit]>y arts4 ,b5jam9 ,condy 7fl4 #agef-agib1 d4 #agih7 0 an in/rum5t mak] ) a %op on ,s\? ,front ,/reet 9 ,philadelphia4 ,z e>ly z #agef he work$ = mo/ ( ! m]*ant %ipp]s ( ! port1 supply+ !m ) a consid]able numb] ( s& glasses t rang$ f ! qu>t]-m9ute to ! two-h\r v>ieties4 ,al?\gh he made 8 own ma!matical in/rum5ts1 x is likely t he import$ ! s& glasses4 ,accord+ to ,cu/oms ,h\se cle>ances ( #aghi1 he _h import$ f ,london on ! %ip ,pig\ ?ree cases ( m]*&ise valu$ at ,l#afj_/ag_/f ) a duty ( #cb4ai1 :i* may h includ$ s& glasses4#fb ,:5 ,condy retir$ 9 #agib he 0 succe$$ 9 bus9ess by ,?omas ,biggs at ! same address4 ,biggs _h orig9ally s]v$ an appr5tice%ip ) ,condy1 & !n f\ght = ! ,am]ican cause 9 ! ,revolution = five ye>s4 ,foll[+ ! t]m9ation ( 8 milit>y s]vice he _h engag$ 9 in/rum5t mak+ 9 ,new ,york = eight ye>s be=e return+ to ,philadelphia1 8 native city4 ,biggs prosp]$ & 8 adv]tisem5ts cont9u$ until e>ly 9 #agie4 ,?omas ,pryor made in/rum5ts 9 a %op on ,*e/nut ,/reet 9 #aggh1 b he evid5tly retir$ f bus9ess 9 ! #agij's because ! city directory ( #agie li/$ him m]ely z g5tleman4 ,he is report$ to h be5 "o ( ^? :o1 f ! ,/ate ,h\se ,y>d1 witness$ ! transit ( ,v5us4#fc ,among ! e>ly mak]s ( ma!matical in/rum5ts 9 ,philadelphia 0 ,william ,dean 78-#agig71 :o is believ$ to h be5 work+ 9 t city z e>ly z #aggh4 ,8 "n fir/ appe>s 9 local directories 9 ,june #agib1 :]e 8 %op address 0 li/$ z ,no4 #dc ,s\? ,front ,/reet4 ,lat] he adv]tis$ t he made & sold ,survey+ in/rum5ts--,telescopes1 ,sextants1 ,quadrants--& e article requisite = navigation1 survey+1 levell+1 c4444 ,accord+ to details :i* 7 not$ 9 8 la/ w1 :i* 0 dat$ ,june #a1 #agig1 & fil$ & prov$ 9 ! foll[+ mon?1 ,dean's dea? appe>s to h be5 prec$$ by a long illness4 ,he designat$ 8 two si/]s z 8 executrices1 & ! fact t 8 w specifi$ ! appo9tm5t ( a ,mr4 ,?omas ,y>dley1 ,jr41 z gu>dian ( 8 ?ree *ildr5 indicates t he may h be5 a wid[] at ! "t ( 8 dea?4 ,a survey+ compass by ?is mak] 0 rec5tly br\ght to light 91 ! ,cl>k ,c\nty ,hi/orical ,society1 ,spr+field1 ,ohio1 by ,dr4 ,donald ,a4 ,hutzl> ( ! ,ohio ,/ate ,museum4 ,! in/rum5t is a pla9 compass 9 brass )\t levels1 #ac-a_/b in*es 9 l5g?1 & ) a #e-;in* ne$le4 ,! dial is m>k$ ,,dean ,,philada4 ,! wood5 cov] = ! in/rum5t is m>k$ ) ! names ( previ\s own]s & dates1 z foll[s3 ,jno4 ,c4 ,symes1 ,aug4 #aj1 #aggh ,i4 ,ludl[1 #agia ,h5ry ,donnel1 ,july #bd1 #agid ,jona?an ,donnel1 #agif ,john ,dyh]ty ,?omas ,j4 ,kiz]1 #ahch ,david ,j4 ,kiz]1 '#gh4 ,a description ( ?is in/rum5t 9 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,cl>k ,c\nty1 ,ohio by ,a4 ,p4 ,/eele1 publi%$ 9 #ahha by ! ,w4 ,h4 ,be]s ,co4 ( ,*icago1 adds consid]ably to its int]e/ z a hi/orical record ( ,am]ican sci5tific in/rum5ts & _! use3 ,col4 ,?omas ,kiz]1 ! vet]an surveyor1 has 9 8 possession a compass made by ,dean ( ,philadelphia2 ?is in/rum5t 0 own$ & us$ by 8 fa!r1 ,david ,kiz]1 :o obta9$ x f ,john ,d\gh]ty ab\t #ahac2 ,d\gh]ty got x f ,jona?an ,donnel4 ,?is relic is m>k$ ,i4 ,ludl[1 #agia2 ,h5ry ,donnel1 #agid2 ,j4 ,donnel1 #agif1 ,john ,d\gh]ty1 #agii2 ^! m>ks are rudely scrat*$ ^u ! cov] ( ! in/rum5t1 & be> e evid5ce ( be+ g5u9e2 !re is no d\bt b t ?is old compass 0 us$ 9 mak+ ! fir/ surveys 9 ?is c\nty1 or t x is ! id5tical in/rum5t us$ by ,john ,d\gh]ty1 9 lay+ (f ,dem9t's fir/ plat ( ,spr+field1 & by ,jona?an ,donnel on ! survey ( ',new ,bo/on4' ,x is to be not$ t "s discrepancies exi/ 9 ! li/+ ( names & dates ( ! previ\s own]s betwe5 ,/eele's ,hi/ory & ^? :i* actually appe> on ! cov] ( ! in/rum5t4 ,/eele app>5tly made ! *anges he deem$ necess>y 9 8 acc\nt ( ! in/rum5t4 ,betwe5 #agia & #agie ! same address 0 also occupi$ by a coop] nam$ ,mi*ael ,dav5port1 & f #agig to #ahja by ! ,wid[ ,dav5port1 presumably wid[ ( ,mi*ael4 ,f #ahjb to #ahjd ! same address is li/$ = ,william ,dav5port1 ,ma!matical ,in/rum5t ,mak]1 appr5tice to ,william ,dean1 & believ$ to be ! son ( ,mi*ael4 ,dur+ ! next t5 ye>s ,dav5port's address 0 #de ,s\? ,front ,/reet1 & !n1 to #ahbj1 0 #be ,s\? ,front ,/reet4#fd ,sev]al brass survey+ compasses be>+ 8 "n h surviv$4 ,ano!r mak] ( ma!matical in/rum5ts ab\t :om no?+ fur!r is kn[n is ,*>les ,taws1 :o 0 li/$ 9 ?is mann] 9 ! ,philadelphia directory ( #agie4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #cj4--;,brass survey+ compass m>k$ ,f4 ,heisely ,fr$399t[n4 ,9 collection ( ,ohio ,hi/orical ,society1 ,ohio ,/ate ,museum4 ,! mak+ ( in/rum5ts 9 glass appe>s to h be5 a specializ$ bus9ess 9 ! ,colonies1 because ^? :o work$ 9 ?is field d n appe> to h produc$ in/rum5ts 9 o!r mat]ials4 ,"o ( ^! mak]s ( glass in/rum5ts--specifically b>omet]s1 !rmomet]s & ,glass ,bubbles to prove spirits1 ( diff]5t k9ds--0 ,alloysius ,kett]]4 ,he ma9ta9$ a %op 9 ! h\se ( a ,*>les ,kugl] at ! sign ( ! ,sev5 ,/>s1 corn] ( ,race & ,f\r? ,/reets 9 ,philadelphia1 9 #aghi4 ,he mov$ to ano!r address 9 ,race ,/reet 9 #agij & 0 ev5tually succe$$ 9 bus9ess by ,m>t9 ,fi%]1 :o increas$ ! numb] ( types ( glass in/rum5ts made & sold at ! %op4#fe ,h5ry ,voight 7#agch-ahad7 0 a man ) a v>i$ c>e]4 ,( ,g]man ance/ry1 he 0 tra9$ z a clock-& wat*mak]1 & he 0 a skill$ me*anic4 ,he op]at$ a wire mill 9 ,read+1 ,p5nsylvania1 9 #aghj & mov$ %ortly !reaft] to ,philadelphia1 :]e he e/abli%$ a clockmak]'s %op on ,second ,/reet4 ,he became a close fri5d ( ! inv5tor ,john ,fit* 9 ab\t #aghf1 & 9 ! foll[+ ye> he became a %>ehold] 9 ,fit*'s company = produc+ /eamboats4 ,9 #agib he ent]$ into a %ort-liv$ p>tn]%ip ) ,fit* to manufacture /eam eng9es4 ,9 #agic he inv5t$ a process = mak+ /eel f b> iron4 ,9 ! same ye> ,presid5t ,wa%+ton appo9t$ ,voight to ! position ( *ief co9] ( ! ,philadelphia ,m9t1 & he cont9u$ 9 t position until 8 dea? 9 #ahad4 ,he 0 closely associat$ ) ,david ,ritt5h\se1 ,&rew ,ellicott1 ,edw>d ,duffield1 & o!rs4 ,al?\gh !re is no record ( ,voight's c>e] z an in/rum5t mak]1 !re is nev]!less "s evid5ce t he work$ 9 t field4 ,9 ! collection ( ! ,u4,s4 ,national ,museum !re is a brass equal-altitude telescope 7fig4 #ca7 made ab\t #agij1 t is sign$ ,h5ry ,voigt4 ,8 "n 0 spell$ ,voigt & ,voight int]*angeably4 ,h5ry's son ,?omas ,voight work$ z a clockmak] on ,nor? ,sev5? ,/reet 9 ,philadelphia ar\nd #ahaa4 ,he 0 ! mak] ( a tall case clock1 ord]$ by ,?omas ,jeff]son1 t ,jeff]son's daught] pres5t$ 9 #ahbf to h] fa!r's physician1 ,dr4 ,dunglison1 = settlem5t ( m$ical s]vices4#ff ,!re 7 sev]al in/rum5t mak]s 9 prov9cial ,p5nsylvania1 b ! majority ( su* craftsm5 work$ 9 ,philadelphia4 ,dr4 ,*ri/oph] ,witt 7#afge-agfe71 an emigrant f ,engl&1 work$ 9 ,g]mant[n f ab\t #agaj to #agfe4 ,he 0 well kn[n locally z a m$ical doctor1 sci5ti/1 hexmei/]1 clockmak]1 & tea*]4 ,x is traditionally claim$ t he produc$ ma!matical in/rum5ts 9 addition to timepieces4 ,he describ$ ! great comet ( #agdc & built 8 own #h-;foot telescope4 ,"o ( 8 appr5tices may h be5 ,*ri/oph] ,s[] 7#afic-agdj71 ( ,g]mant[n & ,philadelphia1 :o a*iev$ r5[n z a doctor1 f>m]1 au?or1 pr9t]1 pap]mak]1 & clockmak]4 ,he also produc$ ma!matical in/rum5ts4#fg ,george ,wall1 ,jr41 ( ,bucks ,c\nty1 0 ! au?or ( a pamphlet on ! subject ( a newly inv5t$ ,survey+ ,in/rum5t1 call$ ! ,trigonomet]4 ,! in/rum5t 0 describ$ & illu/rat$ 9 ! pamphlet1 :i* 0 publi%$ 9 ,philadelphia 9 #aghh4 ,wa%+ton's own copy1 be>+ ! inscription ,to ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates f ! ,au?or is 9 ! collection ( ! ,bo/on ,a!naeum4 ,george ,=d ( ,lanca/] ma9ta9$ a %op on ,we/ ,k+ ,/reet1 probably f ! end ( ! #ah? c5tury until #ahdj4 ,!re he made tall case & o!r clocks1 survey+ compasses1 & o!r in/rum5ts = ! retail trade4 ,h[ev]1 he did n pu% ! bus9ess ( ,wat*mak+ & ,clockmak+ s h>d1 = ! manufacture ( nautical in/rum5ts & surveyors in/rum5ts 0 a m important "p ( 8 bus9ess4#fh ,^u 8 dea? 9 #ahdb he 0 succe$$ by 8 son ,george ,=d ,,ii4 ,?omas ,m5d5hall repair$ clocks & ma!matical in/rum5ts 9 a %op on ,k+ & ,que5 ,/reets 9 ! bor\gh ( ,lanca/] 9 #agge4fi ,john ,wood ( ,philadelphia 0 a :olesale suppli] ( p>ts = clockmak]s & wat*mak]s4 ,accord+ to a notice 9 ! ,may #g1 #agij1 issue ( ,p5nsylvania ,packet1 he _h pocket compasses1 /eel magnets1 ,survey+ compass ne$les1 surveyors *a9s1 etc4 ,s9ce no m5tion 0 made ( mak+ or m5d+ in/rum5ts1 x is probable t ,wood 0 m]ely import] & :olesal]4 ,ano!r in/rum5t mak] ( ,philadelphia ab\t :om little is kn[n is ,bryan ,gilmur1 :o work$ at ! close ( ! #ah? c5tury mak+ in/rum5ts &1 possibly1 clocks4#gj ,james ,jacks 7also li/$ z ,james ,jack7 fir/ work$ z clockmak] & wat*mak] 9 ,*>le/on1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 9 ! #aghj's2 he lat] mov$ to ,philadelphia :]e he ma9ta9$ a %op on ,m>ket ,/reet :]e he sold a v>iety ( in/rum5ts4 ,9 ! ,june #e1 #agig1 issue ( ,! ,f$]al ,gazette he ann\nc$ t1 9 addition to jewelry1 clocks & wat*es1 he also _h = sale ma!matical in/rum5ts 9 cases v compleat2 ,surveyors ,compasses & ,!odolites2 %ip's ,quadrants2 ,fi%+ ,rods & ,reels2 ,billi>d ,balls & %eet ivory2 silv] & plat$ coa*1 *aise & *air ,:ips4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ca4--;,equal altitude telescope1 #ag 94 long1 made & sign$ by ,h5ry ,voight 7#agch-ahad7 ( ,philadelphia4 ,,usnm #caaggb4 ,in/rum5ts ( ,wood ,! ,use ( ,wood ,an int]e/+ fact conc]n+ ! in/rum5ts produc$ by #ah?-c5tury craftsm5 is ! relatively high incid5ce ( in/rum5ts con/ruct$ ( wood in/ead ( brass or o!r metals4 ,a significant ref]5ce to ?is use ( wood is f\nd 9 ,alex&] ,hamilton's ,report on ! ,subject ( ,manufactures1 publi%$ 9 #ahba1ga :i* ref]s to su* items ( wood z ,%ips1 cab9et-w>es & turn]y1 wool & cotton c>ds1 & o!r ma*9]y = manufactures & husb&ry1 ma!matical in/rum5ts1 444 & coop]s' w>es ( e k9d4 ,mo/ common ( ^! ma!matical in/rum5ts is ! survey+ compass1 possibly ! in/rum5t mo/ ne$$ & produc$ 9 ,am]ica4 ,record$ 9 public & private collections are #ca kn[n examples ( su* compasses made ( wood1 a r l>ge numb]4 ,fur!rmore1 a sub/antial numb] ( ^! 7 be+ produc$ simultane\sly by skill$ craftsm5 :o at ! same "t 7 mak+ simil> in/rum5ts 9 brass4 ,f9ally1 f a /udy ( ! surviv+ examples ( wood5 survey+ compasses comes ! int]e/+ & p]haps significant fact t all ! kn[n mak]s 7 f ,new ,engl&4 ,! t[ns & cities 9 :i* !y work$ 7 ,bo/on & ,plym\? 9 ,massa*usetts1 ,w9dsor & ,new ,mil=d 9 ,connecticut1 & ,walpole & ,portsm\? 9 ,new ,hamp%ire4 ,a c>eful /udy ( ! adv]tisem5ts & works ( ! in/rum5t mak]s 9 ! o!r l>ge cities ( ! ,colonies1 su* z ,new ,york1 ,baltimore1 & ,philadelphia1 reveals no examples ( wood5 sci5tific in/rum5ts4 ,exclud$1 ( c\rse1 are ^? in/rum5ts normally made ( wood1 su* z ! octant & ! m>9]s quadrant4 ,two possible exceptions are in/rum5t mak]s ( ,new ,york ,city4 ,! fir/ is ,james ,ham1 a mak] ( ma!matical in/rum5ts at ! h\se :]e9 ! ,wid[ ,ratsey lately liv$ ne> ! ,old ,dut* ,*ur* on ,smi? ,/reet :o adv]tis$ 9 ! ,may #bg1 #aged1 issue ( ,! ,new ,york ,m]cury t he made & sold ma!matical in/rum5ts 9 wood1 brass1 or ivory1 !odolites1 circumf]5tors1 sectors1 p>allel rules1 protractors1 pla9 scales1 & divid]s1 ! late in/rum5t call$ an ,octant1 ,davis' quadrants1 gaug+ rods1 slid+ & gunt]'s scales1 amplitude wood box & hang+ & pocket compasses1 survey+ *a9s1 japann$ telescopes1 dice & dice boxes1 m>9]s compasses & kal5d]s1 etc4#gb ,ham subsequ5tly mov$ 8 bus9ess to ,philadelphia :]e he fir/ adv]tis$ 9 #agfd1 /at+ t he work$ at ! sign ( ,hadley's ,quadrant at ,front & ,wat] ,/reets 9 ,philadelphia & sold all =ms ( in/rum5ts 9 silv]1 brass1 & ivory z well z l>ge brass pocket dials1 fitt$ to ! latitude ( ,philadelphia4 ,9 #aghj 8 son ,james ,ham1 ,jr41 adv]tis$ f ! same address z a mak] ( ma!matical in/rum5ts1 specializ+ 9 ,hadley & ,davis ,quadrants4#gc ,! second exception is ,william ,h9ton1 :o adv]tis$ 9 ,! ,new ,york ,gazette & ! ,weekly ,m]cury ( ,may #d1 #aggb1 z foll[s3 ,,william ,,h9ton1 ,ma!matical ,in/rum5t ,mak]1 at ,hadley's ,quadrant1 fac+ ! ,ea/ ,side ( ! ,new ,c(fee ,h\se1 ,makes & sells all sorts ( ,ma!matical ,in/rum5ts1 9 ,silv]1 ,brass1 ,ivory or ,wood1 viz4 ,hadley's ,quadrants1 ,davis's d4 ,cro/af's ,nocturnals1 ,gunt]s ,scales1 ,plott+ d4 ,cases ( ,in/rum5ts1 ,surveyors ,*a9s1 ,divid]s ) & )\t ,po9ts1 ,protractors1 p>alell$ ,rul]s1 ,rods = ,guag+1 ,amplitude1 hang+ & common ,wood ,compasses1 ,pocket d4 ?ree ,foot ,telescopes1 ,pocket d4 ,backgammon ,tables1 ,dice & ,dice ,boxes1 ,billi>d ,balls & ,tacks1 ,viol9 ,b[s & ,bridges2 ) a ,v>iety ( o!r ,articles too t$i\s to m5tion3 ,& z he is a "y ,beg9n]1 he flatt]s himself1 he %all meet ) ,enc\ragem5t2 & all ^? :o please to fav\r him ) _! ,cu/om1 may dep5d ^u hav+ _! ,"w done 9 ! neate/ & be/ ,mann]1 & at reasonable ,rates4 ,x is m5tion$ t bo? ,ham & ,h9ton work$ 9 wood 9 addition to o!r mat]ials1 b x appe>s v likely t ! use ( wood ref]r$ specifically to ^? in/rum5ts normally made ( wood1 su* z quadrants & octants1 & n to o!r in/rum5ts4 ,any attempt to relate ! mak+ ( wood5 sci5tific in/rum5ts ) ! production ( wood5 clocks 9 ,new ,engl& has no conclusive result1 yet !re appe>s to be "s relation%ip betwe5 ! two4 ,wood5 clocks 7 made z e>ly z ! #ag? c5tury 9 ,g]many & ,holl&1 & !y 7 kn[n 9 ,engl& 9 ! e>ly #ah? c5tury4 ,9 ! ,colonies ! wood5 clock 0 fir/ produc$ 9 ,connecticut1 & ! e>lie/ type 0 associat$ ) ,h>t=d ,c\nty4 ,?is =m 0 q common 9 ,ea/ ,h>t=d 9 #agfa1 & its fir/ production may h _h "s association ) ,eb5ez] ,p>mele 7#afij-aggg71 s9ce an association betwe5 ,p>mele & all ( ! e>lie/ mak]s ( wood5 clocks c be trac$4#gd ,little is kn[n ab\t ,p>mele4 ,8 fa!r 0 a cab9etmak] 9 ,guil=d1 ,connecticut1 & ,eb5ez] practic$ ! same craft1 9 addition to be+ a boat build]4 ,he 0 a man ( means1 held v>i\s t[n (fices1 & s]v$ z t[n treasur]4 ,= a :ile he op]at$ a c>go sloop on ,long ,isl& ,s\nd4 ,9 #agbf he built ! fir/ t[] clock 9 ,connecticut = ! ,guil=d meet+ h\se4 ,he 0 a v]satile work] 9 wood1 & x is believ$ t he s]v$ an appr5tice%ip 9 ,new ,york ,city ) a ,dut* clockmak] f #agje to #agaj1 :]e he may h le>n$ to make wood5 clocks4 ,?is e>ly type ( wood5 clock is associat$ ) ,b5jam9 ,*5ey 7#agbe-ahae71 a clockmak] ( ,ea/ ,h>t=d4 ,! e>ly or ,*5ey type ( wood5 clock 0 produc$ 9 ,connecticut z late z #ahab4 ,a lat] =m ( ! wood5 movem5t began to appe> ab\t #agij1 & 0 probably introduc$ by ,gideon ,rob]ts 7#agdi-ahac7 ( ,bri/ol4 ,rob]ts _h liv$ 9 ! ,wyom+ ,valley ( ,p5nsylvania be=e #agij1 & x is conjectur$ t he became famili> ) ! wood5 clocks produc$ by ! ,g]man settl]s ( t region4#ge ,x is n surpris+ t ! wood5 clock _h its colonial orig9s 9 ,connecticut1 s completely 0 x adaptable to ! pione] conditions 9 t colony4 ,! mat]ials 7 ! abundant native woods-*]ry1 apple1 oak1 & laurel4 ,! p>ts 7 made ) simple c>p5t] tools & a wood5 foot la!1 us+ ! me?ods ( ! cab9etmak]4 ,al?\gh x has be5 sugge/$ t "s relation%ip may h exi/$ betwe5 ! mak]s ( wood5 in/rum5ts 9 ,engl&1 & ! mak]s ( wood5 clocks & sci5tific in/rum5ts 9 ! ,new ,engl& ,colonies1#gf a c>eful /udy has fail$ to reveal any connection1 & !re appe>s to be little if any p>allel betwe5 ! two gr\ps4 ,basically1 ! use ( wood = mak+ "s ma!matical in/rum5ts 9 ,new ,engl& result$ f ! native famili>ity ) ?is mat]ial1 :i* 0 also employ$ to a consid]able degree = ! con/ruction ( dome/ic & agricultural implem5ts1 & f ! fact t _m ( ! e>ly clockmak]s _h be5 tra9$ z or by cab9et mak]s1 c>p5t]s1 & ev5 di% turn]s4 ,r&om examples ( a few ( ! m prom95t clockmak]s are ,joseph ,hopk9s1 a wood turn]2 ,*auncey ,j]ome1 :o _h be5 appr5tic$ to a wood turn]2 & ,silas ,hoadley1 :o _h work$ ) a cab9et mak]4 ,p]haps a basis = ! preval5ce ( wood 9 ^! trades is to be f\nd 9 ! l9es f a famili> poem3 ,! ,yankee boy1 be=e he's s5t to s*ool1 ,kn[s well ! my/]y ( t magic tool1 ,! ,pocket knife4#gg ,b1 f ! te*nical po9t ( view1 x %\ld be not$ t ^? craftsm5 :o produc$ clocks & in/rum5ts & did n h _! own brass f\ndries probably f\nd t a good piece ( /raight-gra9$ h>dwood 0 z /able = hold+ its dim5sions ) ! gra9 z a piece ( brass4 ,%r9kage 0 at "r angles to ! gra92 h5ce1 = fix$ l9e> /ability wood 0 z good z brass4 ,= rigidity p] unit weight1 wood 0 bett] ?an brass2 & = availability & ease ( work+1 wood 0 sup]ior to brass4 ,x has (t5 be5 v5tur$ t wood5 clocks 7 fir/ produc$ 9 ,connecticut1 because ( ! sc>city ( brass = ?is purpose dur+ ! ye>s betwe5 ! beg9n+ ( ! ,revolution to ! end ( ! ,w> ( #ahab4 ,! claim is made t brass 0 n be+ produc$ 9 ! ,colonies & t x 0 import$ exclusively f ,engl& dur+ ?is p]iod4 ,c]ta9ly1 ! :olesale price index ( metal & metal products %[s a /eady increase dur+ ?is p]iod1 & a consid]able jump dur+ ! p]iod ( ! ,w> ( #ahab1 mak+ brass an extremely exp5sive mat]ial4 ,?is may expla9 :y ! mak]s ( clocks & in/rum5ts :o made & sold brass clocks & in/rum5ts 7 produc+ ! same products at ! same "t 9 wood :i*1 z we h se51 0 bo? pl5tiful & a satisfactory sub/itute4 ,x c be surmis$1 !re=e1 t survey+ in/rum5ts1 z well z in/rum5ts = o!r purposes1 7 produc$ 9 bo? brass & wood simultane\sly by _m ( ! ,new ,engl& mak]s 9 ord] to provide suitable in/rum5ts 9 a flexible price range to meet ! dem&s ( ! trade4 ,:]eas today mod]n manufactur+ me?ods make x possible to produce in/rum5ts 9 a wide v>iety1 bo? 9 quality & price1 to suit ! ne$s & capabilities ( e prospective pur*as]1 ! production facilities ( ! #ah? c5tury 7 mu* m limit$4 ,! con/ant factor ( skill$ h& labor 0 co/ly4 ,metal 0 exp5sive4 ,z evid5c$ 9 ! records ( ,daniel ,burnap1 = in/ance1 x 0 possible to produce survey+ compasses 9 brass 9 two grades1 presumably "o m elaborate ?an ! o!r4 ,yet ,burnap's prices rang$ betwe5 six p\nds & f\r p\nds = ! metal in/rum5ts1 mak+ !m /ill well out ( rea* ( _m ( ! w\ld-be surveyors4 ,accord+ly1 ,burnap--& presumably num]\s o!r in/rum5t mak]s ( ! p]iod--produc$ f wood an economy model t sold = n m ?an two p\nds1 ?us plac+ ! item )9 ! rea* ( ! nonpr(essional surveyor4 ,?is !ory is support$ amply by ! discov]y t sev]al ( ! in/rum5t mak]s :o work$ 9 brass also made in/rum5ts ( wood dur+ ! same p]iods4 ,9 addition to ! evid5ce 9 ! records ( ,daniel ,burnap1 !re are ! surviv+ survey+ in/rum5ts 9 brass & wood made by ,samuel ,?axt]1 ,?omas ,gre5\gh1 & ,john ,dupee1 leav+ little if any d\bt t ! reason = produc+ survey+ compasses & simil> items ( wood dur+ ! #ah? c5tury 0 to satisfy ! ne$ = reasonably accurate yet inexp5sive in/rum5ts4 ,surviv+ ,in/rum5ts ,! fact t ! surviv+ examples ( ! wood5 in/rum5ts 7 produc$ only 9 ,new ,engl& seems to indicate m]ely t ! ,new ,engl& in/rum5t mak]s 7 m famili> ) ! use ( wood z a mat]ial1 & _h great] facility 9 work+ ) x4 ,und\bt$ly o!r in/rum5ts produc$ by ! #ah?-c5tury ,am]ican mak]s h surviv$ 9 addition to ^? already f\nd4 ,q likely examples ( ^! wood5 in/rum5ts /ill rema9 hidd5 9 unexplor$ attics & o!r repositories4 ,yet1 if ! few ?us f> discov]$ is any crit]ion1 ! numb] ultimately recov]able w probably be b a fraction ( ! great numb] produc$ by ! #ah?-c5tury mak]s dur+ ! half c5tury or m 9 :i* !y work$4 ,ev5 all[+ = ^? probably de/roy$ 9 ! natural c\rse ( ev5ts1 "o _c help b wond] :at has happ5$ to ! rema9d]4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #cb4--,wood5 graphomet] us$ by ,rev4 ,eleaz> ,:eelock 7#agaa-aggi7 ab\t #agfi = survey+ ! area ( ,d>tm\? ,college 9 ,hanov]1 ,new ,hamp%ire4 ,! h>dwood block is cov]$ ) a brass plate ) brass sight+ b>s m\nt$ on a swivel & a _s level "u a brass /rip on edge ( in/rum5t4 ,! in/rum5t is #h-e_/h 94 long1 #d-e_/h 94 wide1 & #g_/af 94 ?ick4 ,9 collection ( ,d>tm\? ,college ,museum4 ,a li/ ( ! surviv+ wood5 in/rum5ts is giv5 9 ! ,app5dix 7p4 #aec74 ,_m ( ^! wood5 in/rum5ts be> signatures or o!r m>ks t p]mit id5tification ( _! mak]s1 b a numb] ( specim5s h be5 f\nd t are n sign$4 ,9 mo/ in/ances !y %[ evid5ce ( pr(essional workman%ip1 & !y may h be5 ! "w ( kn[n craftsm54 ,"o or two examples are obvi\sly homemade by unskill$ amateur practition]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #cc4--,wood5 survey+ in/rum5t1 mak] n kn[n4 ,compass dial is ( metal1 pa9t$ gre51 ) degrees m>k$ to #ij deg4 ) metal pun*es & ! lett] ,n to designate ! nor? po9t4 ,! in/rum5t is #ab 94 long2 diamet] is #h 94 ,9 collection ( ,d>tm\? ,college ,museum4 ,sev]al unsign$ wood5 in/rum5ts ( pr(essional quality are 9 ! collection ( ! ,d>tm\? ,college ,museum4 ,( p>ticul> int]e/ is a semicircumf]5tor 7fig4 #cb7 t belong$ to ! ,rev]5d ,eleaz> ,:eelock 7#agaa-aggi7 :o f\nd$ ,moor's ,indian ,*>ity ,s*ool at ,lebanon1 ,connecticut1 :i* subsequ5tly develop$ into ,d>tm\? ,college4 ,x is claim$ t x 0 ) ?is in/rum5t t ! area ( ! college 0 survey$ :5 x mov$ to ,hanov]1 ,n4,h4 ,! in/rum5t is actually a graphomet] consi/+ ( a block ( h>d wood fac$ ) a brass plate ) a tr\gh compass2 x is t5tatively dat$ ab\t #agfi4 ,! id5tity ( ! mak] is unkn[n1 b x may h be5 ! product ( ,hagg]1 :o made a simil> in/rum5t1 illu/rat$ "h1 or x may h be5 produc$ by any "o ( ! o!r mak]s not$4 ,! type ( in/rum5t is an old "o4 ,x is describ$ 9 ,john ,love's ,geodaesia1 ,or ! ,art ( ,survey+ & ,measur+ ,l&1 publi%$ 9 ,london 9 #afhh4 ,abel ,fl9t#gh also comm5t$ on ?is semicircle z be+ sometime us$1 z well z ! plane table & p]ambulator-- 444 b ( ^! in/rum5ts v little use is made 9 ,new ,engl&2 & !y are n (t5 to be met )4 ,= g5]al practice none w be f\nd m useful ?an a common *a9 & a compass ^u ,ritt5h\se's con/ruction4 ,ano!r ( ! unusual wood5 survey+ in/rum5ts 9 ! collection ( ! ,d>tm\? ,college ,museum is a wood5 survey+ compass 7fig4 #cc7 9 :i* ! sight+ b>s appe> relatively close to ! dial4 ,a metal plate1 pa9t$ gre51 is /amp$ ) ! degrees m>k$ to #ij deg44 ,a s+le ,n = ! nor? po9t is /amp$ into x1 presumably ) /eel pun*es4 ,! in/rum5t is relatively primitive1 & is suffici5tly diff]5t f ! o!r examples not$ to m]it m5tion4 ,!re is no mak]'s "n1 nor any clue to ! date or place or p]iod ( orig94 ,an unsign$ semicircumf]5tor made ( wood is own$ by ,mr4 ,roleigh ,lee ,/ubbs ( ,*>le/on1 ,we/ ,virg9ia4 ,! in/rum5t measures #c-c_/d 94 by #g-a_/b 94 by #a 941 & !re are sight+ b>s #c 94 high on a sw++ brass b> p9n$ at ! c5t] ( ! base4 ,x has a tr\gh compass1 & ! gradations ar\nd ! edge ( ! semicircle are m>k$ ) t9y brass p9s4 ,! date #aghd is /amp$ into ! wood ) ! same type ( figures z appe> 9 ! degree m>k+s1 probably ) small /eel pun*es4 ,a survey+ compass ( ! conv5tional type1 also made ( wood1 is 9 ,! ,f>m]'s ,museum at ,coop]/[n1 ,new ,york4 ,! wood is a% or oak1 #ab-c_/d 94 long & #f-a_/b 94 9 diamet]1 ) ! sight+ b>s #e 94 high4 ,! compass c>d consi/s ( cut-out pr9t$ lett]s pa/$ ^u a pr9t$ compass rose1 & ! fleur-de-lis at ,nor? is ink$-9 by h&4 ,?is may be a homemade replacem5t ( ! orig9al c>d4 ,! in/rum5t is believ$ to date betwe5 #agfj-agge4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #cd4--ah?-c5tury semicircumf]5tor4 ,inscrib$ brass plate is m\nt$ on a mahogany block2 brass sight+ b>s are m\nt$ on a swivell+ b>4 ,! tr\gh compass is on a silv]$ dial4 ,9 collection ( ! writ]4 ,( equal int]e/ is a l>ge semicircumf]5tor made by an unkn[n ,am]ican in/rum5t mak] 9 ! second half ( ! #ah? c5tury4 ,! in/rum5t 7fig4 #cd7 consi/s ( a plate ( hamm]$ brass atta*$ to a qu>t] circle block ( mahogany1 ) a glass cov]$ tr\gh compass )9 a silv]$ op5+1 & ! gradations /amp$ into ! brass4 ,! brass sight+ b>s are atta*$ to a swivell+ b> t c be fix$ 9 place ) a set screw und]nea? ! block4 ,! in/rum5t1 :i* is 9 ! collection ( ! writ]1 is n sign$ ) a mak]'s "n4 ,its workman%ip is excell5t1 & pr(essional4 ,on ! basis ( a comp>ison ( ^! in/rum5ts ) ^? produc$ by kn[n pr(essional mak]s1 x becomes app>5t t all ( !m 7 made pr(essionally4 ,! possibility t "s ( ^! wood5 survey+ compasses may h be5 produc$ by ! f>m] or local surveyor = 8 own use is extremely unlikely4 ,homemade in/rum5ts su* z ^? describ$ bel[ 7 unque/ionably ! exception in/ead ( ! rule4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ce4--;,homemade wood5 survey+ compass c>v$ f block ( maple entirely ) a jackknife2 pa9t$ 9 r$4 ,9 collection ( ,pre/on ,r4 ,bassett1 ,ridgefield1 ,connecticut4 ,an exception to ?is g5]alization1 & an extremely f9e example ( ! :ittl]'s art1 is a survey+ compass 7fig4 #ce7 9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,pre/on ,r4 ,bassett ( ,ridgefield1 ,connecticut4 ,?is is a comp>atively small in/rum5t made ( maple2 ! body 0 pa9t$ r$4 ,x is c>v$ entirely by means ( a jackknife1 & ! sight+ b>s are also :ittl$ to %ape & mortis$ p]man5tly into ! frame4 ,a lid cov]+ ! dial is c>v$ f s(t p9e4 ,! compass dial is h&drawn 9 black ink1 & ! ,nor? po9t is pa9t$ 9 ! =m ( a decorative fleur-de-lis 9 r$ & gre54 ,a homemade r+ ( pewt] surr\nds ! compass rose at ne$le level4 ,?is is graduat$ 9 degrees1 ) e #aj deg4 m>k$1 /amp$ ) /eel pun*es4 ,! r+ is set into ! base by means ( wood5 pegs4 ,! /eel ne$le is nicely cut1 & x is probably ! only "p pur*as$ by ! mak]4 ,?is is unque/ionably a homemade in/rum5t produc$ by a skillful :ittl] e>ly 9 ! #ah? c5tury4 ,compass ,c>ds ,a fact t becomes app>5t 9 a comp>ison ( ! surviv+ examples ( wood5 survey+ compasses made 9 ,new ,engl& is ! simil>ity ( ! compass c>ds us$ by mak]s 9 ! seaport cities 7see fig4 #cf74 ,! compass c>d 9 ea* ( ^! in/ances is ! type design$ = a m>9]'s compass1 be>+ a /> ( #cb rays to m>k ! #cb po9ts ( ! heav5s4 ,! ,nor? po9t is designat$ ) an elaborate fleur-de-lis1 & ! ,ea/ is emphasiz$ ) scrollwork4 ,^! are features :i* 7 n design$ prim>ily = l& survey+4 ,presumably1 ^! mak]s _h a quantity ( engrav$ or pr9t$ compass c>ds t !y us$ 9 bo? m>9e & l& survey+ compasses4 ,?is is true 9 ! case ( ! compasses made by ,james & ,joseph ,halsy1 ,gre5\gh1 ,cl\gh1 ,w>r51 ,?axt]1 ,dupee1 ,bre$1 & ,b[les4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! dial ( ,hunt+ton's compass 0 pa9t$ directly on ! wood1 & ! semicircumf]5tors d n utilize ! m>9e compass c>d4 ,obvi\sly ^! mak]s resort$ to ?is practice = reasons ( economy--to r$uce co/s ( engrav+ & pr9t+1 & us+ ! same c>d = bo? types ( in/rum5ts t !y produc$4 ,trade ,signs ,an int]e/+ sidelight 9 ! /udy ( ! mak]s ( sci5tific in/rum5ts is ! adv]tis+ !y us$1 p>ticul>ly ! design ( _! signbo>ds4 ,! mo/ popul> symbol appe>s to h be5 ! quadrant1 z ! phrase ,at ! ,sign ( ! ,quadrant is f\nd repeat$ly 9 adv]tis+ 9 sev]al ( ! seaport cities ( ! #ah? c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #cf4--,unsign$ wood5 survey+ compass1 ) an int]e/+ example ( a m>9]'s compass c>d4 ,9 ,provid5ce1 ,william ,haml9 us$ ! designation 9 ! fir/ "p ( ! #ai? c5tury1 :ile ,philadelphian ,john ,g\ld featur$ ! sign at ! end ( ! #ah? c5tury4 ,dur+ an ev5 e>li] p]iod1 ,william ,h9ton designat$ 8 address to be ,at ,hadley's ,quadrant 9 ,new ,york ,city4 ,bo? ,g\ld & ,h9ton 7 ,engli%1 :i* may h _h "s be>+ on _! selection ( ! quadrant z a symbol ( _! m]*&ise4 ,o!r signbo>ds 7 z colorful1 su* z ,jona?an ,dak9's ,sign ( ! ,h& & ,beam1 ,james ,y\le's ,sign ( ! ,cross-,knives & ,gun1 & ,*>les ,kugl]'s h\se 9 ,philadelphia ) its ,sign ( ! ,sev5 ,/>s 7t is1 ,great ,be>71 :i* h\s$ ! %ops ( sev]al in/rum5t mak]s4 ,! two mo/ int]e/+ & significant ( ! in/rum5t mak]s' trade signs 7 ^? adv]tis+ ! %op ( ,samuel ,?axt]4 ,! fir/ ( ^! 0 ! c>v$ wood5 figure ( ,! ,little ,admiral1 :i* 0 a favorite l&m>k at ,no4 #a ,long ,:>f 9 ,bo/on = almo/ a c5tury & a half4 ,x 0 ! h&iwork ( ,john ,skill91 ! #ah?-c5tury woodc>v] ( ,bo/on1 ^u ^: dea? on ,janu>y #bd1 #ahjj1 ! ,*ronicle comm5t$ t he 0 = _m ye>s ! mo/ em95t ( 8 pr(ession4 ,john ,skill9 & 8 bro!r ,simeon work$ 9 ,bo/on f ab\t #aggg & produc$ mo/ ( ! figureheads t issu$ f t port dur+ t p]iod1 z well z a numb] ( o!r notable ornam5tal wood5 figures4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #cg4--,! ,little ,admiral1 trade sign us$ = almo/ a c5tury & a half 9 ,bo/on1 fir/ by ,william ,williams & lat] by ,samuel ,?axt]4 ,reput$ to h be5 c>v$ by ,john ,skill9 ( ,bo/on4 ,9 collection ( ! ,bo/onian ,society4 ,accord+ to ,mrs4 ,h4 ,ropes ,cabot ( ! ,bo/onian ,society1 ! figure ( ,! ,little ,admiral 7fig4 #cg7 _h be5 c>v$ = ,william ,williams1 :o br\ght x ) him to ,bo/on f ,m>blehead 9 #aggj :5 he e/abli%$ 8 %op4 ,! figure 0 in/all$ 9 front ( ! ,cr[n ,c(fee ,h\se1 & ,williams's %op 0 !reaft] designat$ by ?is symbol4 ,! trade sign surviv$ ?r\gh ! ye>s ( ! ,revolution>y ,w>4 ,:5 ! orig9al build+ ( ! ,c(fee ,h\se 0 burn$1 ! c>v+ 0 sav$ & in/all$ on ! new build+ erect$ 9 its place4 ,9 an acc\nt ( ,bo/on l&m>ks1 ,port]#gi relat$ ! figure to ! ,admiral ,v]non ,tav]n at ! ea/]n corn] ( ,m]*ants ,r[4 ,he 0 prov$ to h be5 9 error1 h[ev]1 s9ce ! trade sign ( t public-h\se 0 a portrait bu/ ( ,admiral ,v]non & ! place 0 kn[n z ! ,v]non ,head ,tav]n = half a c5tury1 ev5 aft] ! end ( ! ,revolution4 ,:5 ,samuel ,?axt] pur*as$ ! bus9ess f ,williams's e/ate he acquir$ ! figure z well1 & he mov$ x to ea* new location = 8 %op4 ,! figure ( ,! ,little ,admiral cont9u$ to designate ! firm ev5 aft] ,?axt]'s dea?1 until ! firm f9ally w5t out ( exi/5ce at ! beg9n+ ( ! #bj? c5tury4 ,:5 ! old /ore 0 torn d[n 9 #aija1 ! figure 0 pres]v$1 presumably by ! la/ own]'s family4 ,9 #aiaf x 0 acquir$ = ! ,bo/onian ,society by sev]al ( its memb]s1 & ! figure has be5 pres]v$ 9 ! ,society's ,c\ncil ,*amb] s9ce t "t4 ,! o!r int]e/+ trade sign utiliz$ by ,samuel ,?axt] is a c>v$ figure ( ,fa!r ,"t t is cr$it$ to ,john ,skill9 7see fig4 #ch74 ,! figure is believ$ to h be5 commission$ by ,?axt] dur+ ! la/ decade ( ! #ah? c5tury & in/all$ by him 9 ! int]ior ( 8 %op4 ,x is an important example ( ! ,am]ican woodc>v]'s art1 & is equival5t to ! be/ "w ( ! ,skill9 bro!rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ch4--;,fa!r ,"t trade sign us$ by ,samuel ,?axt] 9 8 %op 9 #ah? & #ai? c5turies4 ,made ( wood1 x 0 c>v$ by ,john ,skill9 ( ,bo/on4 ,9 collection ( ! ,bo/onian ,society4 ,! ,mak]s ,surpris+ly1 ! names ( ! craftsm5 :o produc$ wood5 in/rum5ts are n not$ among ! in/rum5t mak]s4 ,) only "o or two exceptions1 _! names are hi!rto unkn[n 9 ! hi/ory ( ,am]ican sci5ce1 & = t reason x has be5 consid]$ advisable to pres5t all available in=mation t c\ld be accumulat$ ab\t !m4 ,joseph ,halsy ,! e>lie/ kn[n mak] ( wood5 sci5tific in/rum5ts ( ,bo/on 0 ,joseph ,halsy4 ,he appe>s to h be5 "o ( ! sons ( ! ,james ,halsie ,i1 :o 0 m5tion$ 9 a l& de$ ( #afgd z a ma!matician4#hj ,! l& records indicate t ,james ,i 0 ! fa!r ( sev]al *ildr51 includ+ ,rebecca1 a sp9/]2 ,john ,halsey1 a m>9] :o di$ be=e #agaf2 ,s>ah1 :o lat] became ,mrs4 ,dorsan2 ano!r daught]1 "n unkn[n1 :o became ! wife ( a ,joseph ,gilb]t & ! "m ( two daught]s & a son :o inh]it$ h] %>e ( h] fa!r's e/ate2 ,na?aniel ,halsie2 & probably ,joseph ,halsy4 ,james ,halsie ,i appe>s to h own$ prop]ty consi/+ ( l&1 a wood5 h\se1 & :>ves on ! ,nor? ,end1 on ,nor? ,/reet betwe5 ,sun ,c\rt & ,fleet ,/reet4#ha ,! date ( bir? ( ,joseph ,halsy ( ,bo/on has n be5 f\nd1 b m5tion is made ( ! fact t on ,janu>y #bi1 #afig1 he 0 m>ri$ to ,elizabe? ,eldridge1 ! daught] ( a m>9] nam$ ,joseph ,eldridge1 & t five *ildr5 result$ f ! m>riage1 ?ree sons & two daught]s4#hb ,"o son1 ,joseph1 di$ 9 infancy & a daught]1 ,elizabe?1 di$ at an e>ly age4 ,on ,febru>y #bf1 #agjd_/e ,halsy pur*as$ f ,rebecca ,halsey1 ! sp9/] daught] ( ,james1 h] %>e 9 ! h\se & l& ( h] late fa!r on ,nor? ,/reet betwe5 ,sun ,c\rt & ,fleet ,/reet4 ,on ,april #ai1 #agad1 ,halsy & 8 wife de$$ a h\se & l& on ,nor? ,end1 at ! corn] ( ,hanov] & ,salutation ,/reets1 to a %ipwright nam$ ,joseph ,hood4 ,two ye>s lat]1 on ,m>* #b1 #agaf1 he pur*as$ f ,jane1 8 si/]-9-law1 :o 0 ! wid[ ( ! m>9] ,john ,halsy1 h] %>e ( ! h\se & l& ( ,james ,halsie1 be+ ! same prop]ty on ,nor? ,/reet4 ,on ,m>* #bg ( ! same ye> he pur*as$ ! %>e 9 ! same prop]ty belong+ to ,s>ah ,dorsan1 8 wid[$ si/]4 ,9 ,augu/ #agai he 0 =c$ to mortgage "s ( ! prop]ty to a m]*ant nam$ ,john ,frizell1 b ! mortgage 0 cancell$ 9 #agda4 ,halsy 0 m>ri$ = a second "t on ,janu>y #aj1 #agca1 to ,mrs4 ,anna ,lloyd1 a wid[4#hc ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ci4--,wood5 survey+ compass ,made & sold by ,joseph ,halsy1 ,bo/on1 ,new ,engl&4 ,! in/rum5t1 made ( maple1 is #aa 94 long & has a diamet] ( #e-c_/d 94 ,9 ! collection ( ,new ,hamp%ire ,hi/orical ,society1 ,concord4 ,dur+ ! #agcj's1 ,halsy cont9u$ to buy out ! heirs ( ,james ,halsie4 ,on ,m>* #f1 #agcj1 he acquir$ ! %>e ( ,m>y ,gilb]t1 a gr&daught]1 & on ! same date he pur*as$ f ! ,james ,halsey heirs _! inh]itance "p to l&1 :>f1 h\se1 %op & build+s on ,nor? ,/reet4 ,o!r heirs rema9$1 = 9 ,june #i1 #agcb1 he b\ght out ! %>e ( ,m>ty ,p>tridge1 ano!r gr&daught]1 & on ,june #bg ! %>e ( ,joseph ,gilb]t1 ,jr41 a gr&son4 ,9 ,octob] #agdj he 0 =c$ to mortgage z security to ,james ,b[do9 a h\se & l& on ! s\?we/ side ( ,nor? ,/reet1 b ?is 0 cancell$ :5 on ,augu/ #bf1 #agea1 ,joseph ,halsey & 8 wife1 ,anna1 de$$ to ,james ,noble ! l&1 wood5 h\se1 & :>ves ne> ,fi% ,/reet on ,nor? ,/reet betwe5 ,sun ,c\rt & ,fleet ,/reet1 :i* app>5tly 0 =m]ly ! prop]ty ( ,james ,halsey t ,joseph _h acquir$ ) s mu* tr\ble ov] a p]iod ( #dj ye>s4#hd ,! foll[+ adv]tisem5t relat+ to in/rum5ts sold by ,halsy appe>$ 9 ! issues ( ,! ,bo/on ,gazette = ! mon?s ( ,septemb] & ,octob] #agch3 ,made & sold by ,joseph ,halsey jun4 ,hadley's ,new ,inv5t$ ,quadrant or ,octant ! be/ & exact$ ,in/rum5t = tak+ ! ,latitude or ,o!r ,altitudes at ,sea1 z ev] yet ,inv5t$4#he ,! la/ dat$ record relat+ to ,joseph ,halsy :i* has be5 f\nd is a lett] dat$ ,febru>y #c1 #agfb1 t he wrote to ,rob]t ,treat ,pa9e conc]n+ legal matt]s4 ,only "o complete in/rum5t produc$ by ,joseph ,halsy appe>s to h surviv$--an especially f9e wood5 surveyors compass 7fig4 #ci7 9 ! collection ( ! ,new ,hamp%ire ,hi/orical ,society4 ,x is made ( maple4 ,! compass c>d1 probably ! mo/ int]e/+ ( any f\nd 9 ! wood5 in/rum5ts1 is h&-color$ 9 black1 blue1 r$1 & gold4 ,a fleur-de-lis m>ks ! ,nor? po9t1 & triangul> po9t]s indicate ! o!r compass directions4 ,inside ! po9t]s are crudely pa9t$ female figures repres5t+ ! sev5 arts3 ,,nw1 ,gramm>2 ,w1 ,logick2 ,,sw1 ,geometry2 ,s1 ,ari?metick2 ,,se1 ,a/ronomy2 ,e1 ,rhetorick2 & ,,ne1 ,musick4 ,)9 a m$allion at ! c5t] ( ! compass c>d is depict$ a sail+ vessel at sea2 surr\nd+ ! m$allion is a rib& inscrib$ ,made & ,sold by ,,joseph ,,halsy ,bo/on--,new ,engl&4#hf ,ano!r1 b mu* less elaborate1 compass c>d us$ by ,joseph ,halsy1 is an engrav$ example 7fig4 #dj7 f\nd glu$ 9 ,?omas ,pa9e's own manuscript copy ( ,*>les ,morton's ,comp5dium ,physicae1 :i* is pres]v$ 9 ! collection ( ! ,massa*usetts ,hi/orical ,society4 ,john ,halsy 7fl4 #agjj-agej71 also a ma!matical in/rum5t mak]1 _h a %op on ,gre5 ,/reet1 9 ,bo/on1 accord+ to ! ,record ,commission]'s ,report ( ! ,city ( ,bo/on4 ,he 0 m>ri$ on ,decemb] #aj1 #agjj1 by ! ,rev]5d ,cotton ,ma!r4 ,he probably 0 a bro!r ( ,joseph ,halsy :o work$ 9 ! same p]iod4 ,john ,halsy subsequ5tly ab&on$ 8 in/rum5t-mak+ bus9ess to become a pirate4 ,he w5t out to ,madagasc>1 :]e x is report$ t he di$ 9 8 own b$4 ,he 0 buri$ ) ! rites ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& 9 8 own wat]melon pat*4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #dj4--;,compass c>d ( ,joseph ,halsy f\nd glu$ into ,?omas ,pa9e's p]sonal copy ( ,*>les ,morton's ,comp5dium ,physicae4 ,9 collection ( ,massa*usetts ,hi/orical ,society4 ,james ,halsy ,,ii ,james ,halsy ,,ii 7#afie-agfg71 a ma!matical in/rum5t mak]1 0 born 9 ,bo/on on ,april #aj1 #afie1 ! son ( ,na?aniel & ,hannah 7,gross7 ,halsie4 ,! p>5ts _h be5 m>ri$ by ! ,rev]5d ,cotton ,ma!r 9 ,june #afic4hg ,9 #agaf "y ,james ,halsy 0 a memb] ( ! ,artill]y ,company1 & by #agbj he _h ! rat+ ( #d? s]geant4 ,he held t[n (fices & 0 "o ( ! f\nd]s ( ! ,new ,brick ,*ur* ( ,bo/on4 ,on ,may #cj1 #agag1 he m>ri$ ,anna ,gutridge 7,goodri*74 ,t5 ye>s lat]1 on ,septemb] #bb1 #agbg1 he b\ght a h\se & l& on ,nor? ,b5nett & ,tile/on ,/reets f ,hugh ,hall1 a m]*ant2 at ! same "t he de$$ to ,hall "s l& & a h\se adjac5t to ! latt] on ! s\?we/ side ( ,gre5 ,/reet4 ,on ,janu>y #e1 #ahcg1 he de$$ to 8 aunt7871 a s+le woman nam$ ,huldah ,gross1 a h\se & l& on ,ann ,/reet t he _h inh]it$ f ,?omas ,gross1 8 gr&fa!r4 ,sev]al m real e/ate negotiations 7 record$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! next few ye>s4 ,9 ,octob] #agdj he pur*as$ a h\se & l& on ! nor? side ( ,nor? ,b5net ,/reet f ,john ,endicott2 9 ,janu>y #agda l& on ! ea/ side ( ,nor? ,b5nett ,/reet2 & 9 ,novemb] #agdh half ( ! h\se & l& ( ,edw>d ,pell1 adjac5t to ,huldah ,gross1 on ,cross ,/reet2 f9ally1 9 ,octob] #agec1 he pur*as$ l& on ,tile/on & ,nor? ,b5nett ,/reets f ,john ,grant4#hh ,halsy di$ on ,janu>y #b1 #agfg1 at ! age ( #gb4 ,9 8 w dat$ ,may #a1 #agff1 & probat$ ,janu>y #b1 #agfg1 by :i* 8 wife ,anna 0 ! executrix ( 8 e/ate1 he left h] ! income ( 8 real & p]sonal e/ate4 ,he app>5tly 0 surviv$ by ?ree daught]s & a son1 also nam$ ,james ,halsy4 ,he divid$ 8 real e/ate 9 ,bo/on among/ 8 daught]s1 & to 8 son he left l& 9 ,new ,hamp%ire4#hi ,! only kn[n surviv+ in/rum5t be>+ ,james ,halsy's "n is a wood5 survey+ compass 7fig4 #da7 9 ! collection ( ! ,peabody ,museum 9 ,salem4 ,! engrav$ compass c>d is q simil> to ! "o us$ by ,?omas ,gre5\gh4 ,9 ! c5tral m$allion is an elaborate royal cr[n1 & 9 ! circle ar\nd ! m$allion is inscrib$ ,made & ,sold by ,,james ,,halsy ne> ,ye ,draw ,bridge 9 ,bo/on4#ij ,illu/ration3 ,figure #da4--,wood5 survey+ compass made by ,james ,halsy 7#afie-agfg7 ( ,bo/on4 ,! in/rum5t is #aa 94 long4 ,9 collection ( ,ea/ ,india ,m>9e ,hall1 ,peabody ,museum1 ,salem1 ,massa*usetts4 ,?omas ,gre5\gh ,contempor>y ) ,james ,halsy ,,ii 0 ,?omas ,gre5\gh 7#agaj-aghe71 :o 0 born 9 ,bo/on 9 #agaj1 ! son ( ,john & ,elizabe? 7,gross7 ,gre5\gh4 ,8 fa!r 0 a %ipwright 9 ! ,nor? ,end ( ,bo/on1 & "o ( ,?omas's bro!rs1 ,newman ,gre5\gh1 became a sailmak]4 ,?omas also _h a si/] nam$ ,j]u%a1 :o lat] figur$ 9 8 real e/ate negotiations4 ,! e>lie/ kn[n record relat+ to ,gre5\gh is ( 8 m>riage 9 #agcd to ,m>?a ,cl>ke1 daught] ( ,william & ,s>ah ,cl>ke ( ,bo/on4 ,n9e *ildr5 result$ f ?is m>riage ov] ! c\rse ( ! next #af ye>s2 f\r ( ^! 7 sons4 ,on ,janu>y #bg ( ! ye> ( 8 m>riage he pur*as$ a h\se on ! nor?we/ side ( ,nor? ,/reet1 betwe5 ,mill ,creek & ,union ,/reet1 f ,john ,:ite & ,na?aniel ,rob]ts4 ,on ,augu/ #a1 #agcf1 ,gre5\gh pur*as$ ! h\se & l& ( 8 fa!r-9-law1 ,william ,cl>ke1 on ! s\? side ( ,portl& ,/reet4 ,on ,octob] #bh he mortgag$ to 8 "m 8 h\se on ,ann ,/reet 7:i* appe>s to h be5 ! h\se he _h pur*as$ on ,nor? ,/reet71 & at ! same "t he de$$ to 8 bro!r ,newman all 8 "r & title 9 8 fa!r's e/ate at ! ,nor? ,end4 ,gre5\gh 0 only #bd at ! "t ( 8 m>riage1 & he app>5tly became involv$ 9 real e/ate1 by *oice or by necessity1 to a consid]able degree4 ,gre5\gh1 9 #agdd1 0 a memb] ( a militia company 9 ,bo/on1#ia & ?ree ye>s lat]1 9 #agdg1 he 0 li/$ z ?ird s]geant4 ,he 0 a firm patriot1 held a t[n (fice1 & 0 a f\nd] & deacon ( ! ,new ,brick ,*ur* 9 ,bo/on4 ,gre5\gh _h a sub/antial int]e/ 9 ! hold+s ( 8 late fa!r-9-law4 ,= example1 on ,augu/ #aa1 #agdd1 he & 8 wife de$$ to a m]*ant nam$ ,james ,pitts ! seawall1 or new :>f1 be=e ! ,t[n ( ,bo/on 9 ! front & re> ly+ to ! nor?w>d ( ,k+ ,/reet ,pi]1 ,nor? ,:>f & flats ( ,james ,b[do91 all ( :i* 0 "p ( ! e/ate ( 8 deceas$ fa!r-9-law t app>5tly _h be5 inh]it$ by 8 wife4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye>1 on ,novemb] #a1 #agde1 he pur*as$ a h\se & l& on ,portl& ,/reet f 8 wid[$ "m-9-law & !n on ,m>* #ca1 #agdf1 he & 8 wife de$$ ! same h\se & l& to a m]*ant nam$ ,/eph5 ,hall4 ,num]\s o!r negotiations ( ! same nature are on record4 ,at "s "t betwe5 #agdh & #agej ,gre5\gh's fir/ wife1 ,m>?a1 di$1 & 9 #agej he m>ri$ ,s>ah ,/odd>d4 ,?ree m *ildr51 all sons1 result$ f ?is second m>riage4 ,8 real e/ate negotiations cont9u$ full pace dur+ ! second m>riage z dur+ ! fir/4#ib ,gre5\gh's second wife prec$$ him 9 dea?1 & ,gre5\gh di$ 9 #aghe at ! age ( #ge4 ,8 w1 probat$ on ,augu/ #bc1 #aghe1 _h be5 made on ,may #ba1 #aghb2ic x conta9$ "s int]e/+ beque/s3 ,executors3 my two sons1 ,david ,s4 & ,william ,gre5\gh4 ,legatees3 to ! *ildr5 ( my son ,?omas1 deceas$1 ,ra*el1 ,ann1 & ,sally ,gre5\gh1 ,l#ac4f4h ea*4 ,to _! si/] ,betty ,l#e4 ,to ! *ildr5 ( my son ,john deceas$1 #bjj acres ( l&4 ,i also give 8 elde/ son ,john my silv] c1 fell[ to ! "o ,i gave 8 fa!r4 ,to 8 sons ,wm4 & ,david1 & to 8 daught]s1 ,s>ah1 ,abigail1 & ,mehitible ,l#e ea* & ! h\se !y live 94 ,my daught]1 ,s>ah ,edw>ds1 ,l#aj & a silv] *af+ di%4 ,my daught] ,m>?a ,/one all my l&s 9 ! ,c\nty ( ,york1 ,cape ,porpoise1 & ,wells1 & my silv] salv]1 & h] son ,?omas ,l#e & a silv] porr+]4 ,my daught] ,elizabe? ,brooks ,l#aj & a silv] tea pot4 ,my daught] ,m>y ,savage ,l#dj & to h] son ,?omas "o silv] porr+]4 ,to ! *ildr5 ( my daught] ,j]u%a1 deceas$1 ,m>?a ,cl>k ,lepe> & ,sally ,lepe> ea* ( !m1 ,l#ej1 & a pair ( salt %ovels1 & a pepp] box1 silv]4 ,all ! re/ ( my e/ate to my two sons1 ,david ,/odd>d ,gre5\gh1 & ,wm4 ,gre5\gh4 ,! late ,%ute ,%rimpton ,yeoman1 ,esq41 left an e/ate to my late sp\se ,s>ah1 & to h] *ildr51 9 ! ,isl& ( ,antigua4 ,9 case my son ,david %\ld h a legal possession ( same1 & ,wm4 no "p1 9 t case ,i give my son ,david ,l#ajj & sundry pieces z p] s*$ule am\nt to ,l#fc4aa4c4 ,all ! re/ ( my e/ate to my son1 ,william ,gre5\gh4 ,( p>ticul> int]e/ ) relation to ,gre5\gh's bus9ess 9 in/rum5ts is ! foll[+ adv]tisem5t t appe>$ on ,may #aa1 #agdb1 9 ,! ,bo/on ,gazette3 ,to be sold by ,capt4 ,cyprian ,s\?ack at 8 ,h\se ne> ! ,orange ,tree & at ,mr4 ,?o4 ,gre5\gh's ,ma!matical ,in/rum5t ,mak] ne> ! ,draw ,bridge1 said ,s\?ack's ,*>ts ( ! ,coa/ f ,s&y ,po9t ( ,new ,york to ,canso4 ,invaluable = ?is /udy are ,?omas ,gre5\gh's manuscript acc\nts t h surviv$ 9 ! collections ( ! ,massa*usetts ,hi/orical ,society4 ,! foll[+ itemiz$ entries are select$ f ,gre5\gh's bus9ess acc\nts ov] a p]iod ( two decades to provide data on ! prices curr5t 9 ! second half ( ! #ah? c5tury = new in/rum5ts & = repair+ o!rs3 ,9 ,acc\nt ) ,?omas ,james ,gru*y3 #aged1 ,april #bg3 #a ,compass = ! ,s*oon] ,sea ,fl\r ,l#j4h4j4 #ageh1 ,nov4 #bh3 #a ,spyglass ,l#a4ac4h4 #agei1 ,jan4 #be3 ,m5d+ #c ,compasses = ! ,s*oon] ,susanna ,l#j4f4j4 ,9 ,acc\nt ) ,na?aniel ,be?une3 #agfj1 ,augu/3 ,a gaug+ rod ,l#j4f4j4 ,m5d+ a telescope ,l#j4c4j4 ,9 ,acc\nt ) ,capta9 ,mc,andrew ,mirick ( ,nantucket3 #aggb1 ,m>* #ba3 ,= #b compasses1 #a lead$ ,l#j4af4h4 ,9 ,acc\nt ) ,capta9 ,rob]son ,crockett3 #aggc1 ,april3 ,= m5d+ #b ,compasses ,l#j4f4b4 ,= m5d+ #a ,hang+ ,compass ,l#j4c4b4 ,9 ,acc\nt ) ,capta9 ,rewor? ( ! ,brig ,=tune3 #aggd1 ,m>* #cj3 ,= m5d+ #b compasses ,glasses ,l#j4g4j4 ,9 ,acc\nt ) ,capta9 ,?omas ,godfrey3 #aggd1 ,april #g3 ,= #a ,telescope ,l#j4h4j4 ,o!r docum5ts 9 ! same collection indicate t ,gre5\gh's bus9ess int]e/s 7 sub/antial & n limit$ m]ely to ! con/ruction ( in/rum5ts4 ,on ,july #ca1 #agfi1 ,gre5\gh's "n appe>$ on ! ,bo/on ,citiz5s' ,non-,importation ,agreem5t4 ,subsequ5tly1 on ,decemb] #ad1 #aggd1 !re is ,gre5\gh's sign$ receipt1 ) ! am\nt left blank1 /at+ t he _h ,,rec',d4 ( ,capt4 ,?omas ,godfrey ! ,sum ( ---- 9 full = my ,negro man ,cuffes ,%air 9 ! ,:al+ ,voige ----4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #db4--;,brass survey+ compass made by ,?omas ,gre5\gh 7#agaj-aghe7 ( ,bo/on4 ,compass face is m\nt$ on ma9 blade ) two copp] rivets4 ,screws = vanes & tripod m\nt+ are h& cut1 ) w+ nut ends4 ,sight+ b>s are #a_/af 94 wide & #e-a_/d 94 high2 ov]-all l5g? is #aa-g_/h 94 & diamet] is #e-a_/d 94 ,own$ by ,gre5\gh family ( ,bo/on4 ,photo c\rtesy ( ,dr4 ,?omas ,gre5\gh4 ,gre5\gh app>5tly 0 succe$$ 9 bus9ess by 8 son ,william ,gre5\gh4 ,mr4 ,lawr5ce ,b4 ,roma9e ( ,middleboro1 ,massa*usetts1 9 #aici describ$ a wood5 survey+ compass ) its own h&-:ittl$ tripod made ( oak :i* bore a compass c>d inscrib$ ,made by ,william ,gre5\gh1 ,bo/on1 ,n4,e4#id ,! compass 0 protect$ by a p9e cov] t fitt$ closely betwe5 ! sights4 ,! pres5t location ( ?is in/rum5t is n kn[n1 b x appe>s to be ! only kn[n example by ,william ,gre5\gh made ( wood4#ie ,illu/ration3 ,figure #dc4--,wood5 survey+ compass1 made & sold by ,?omas ,gre5\gh4 ,! in/rum5t is made ( gumwood & has a pap] compass c>d2 x is #ac-a_/d 94 long & has a diamet] ( #e-c_/d 94 ,9 collection ( ,frankl9 ,in/itute1 ,philadelphia4 ,9 ! ,gre5\gh family at ! pres5t "t is a brass survey+ compass 7fig4 #db7 ( f9e quality & ( ! p]iod be=e or dur+ ! ,am]ican ,revolution4 ,! dial is f9ely engrav$ ) a ,tudor rose at its c5t]1 & ar\nd x is ! inscription ,,?omas ,,gre5\gh ,,bo/on ,fecit4 ,! compass face is m\nt$ to ! ma9 blade ) two copp] rivets4 ,! hold+ screws = ! vane & tripod m\nt+ are r crudely h& cut ) w+-nut ends4#if ,illu/ration3 ,figure #dd4--,wood5 survey+ compass made & sold by ,?omas ,gre5\gh4 ,made ( hickory1 x is #aa 94 long & has a diamet] ( #e-a_/b 94 ,compass c>d is ( pap]4 ,alleg$ly1 ?is compass 0 us$ by ,joseph ,frye = survey+ 8 l& grant 9 :at is n[ ,fryeburg1 ,ma9e1 9 #agfb4 ,loan$ to ! ,u4,s4 ,national ,museum by ,laurits ,c4 ,ei*n] ( ,clifton1 ,new ,j]sey4 ,,usnm #caejja4 ,five o!r survey+ compasses made by ,?omas ,gre5\gh are kn[n1 & all are made ( wood3 ! "o 9 ! ,frankl9 ,in/itute is made ( gum 7fig4 #dc71 "o 9 ,old ,/urbridge is made ( maple1 "o 9 ! ,bucks ,c\nty ,hi/orical collection at ! ,m]c] ,museum is made ( *]ry1 "o own$ by ?is writ] is made ( basswood1 & "o on loan to ! ,u4,s4 ,national ,museum f ,mr4 ,laurits ,c4 ,ei*n] is made ( hickory 7fig4 #dd74 ,! compass at ! ,m]c] ,museum =ms "p ( ! surveyor's ge> us$ to lay out ! t[n ( ,weym\?1 ,massa*usetts4 ,! example 9 hickory on loan to ! ,u4,s4 ,national ,museum1 z is usually ! case ) ! compass c>ds ( ! ,?omas ,gre5\gh in/rum5ts1 has ! c5tral r+ pr9t$ 9 gilt1 & ! inscription has turn$ black1 mak+ ! inscription almo/ illegible4 ,?is specim5 0 own$ by ,joseph ,frye1 :o 0 giv5 a l& grant 9 :at is n[ ,fryeburg1 ,ma9e1 9 #agfb4 ,he alleg$ly us$ ?is compass = survey+ t l&4 ,9 #aghc he assembl$ a manuscript book ( tables 7see fig4 #de7 = use 9 survey+ = 8 son ,joseph ,frye1 ,jr4 ,?is manuscript also is "p ( ! loan to ! ,u4,s4 ,national ,museum4#ig ,illu/ration3 ,figure #de4--,pages f a booklet ( ,tables ,useful 9 ,survey+ ,l&1 ,made & pres5t$ by ,joseph ,frye to 8 son1 ,joseph ,frye1 ,jr41 ,novemb] #ah1 ,a4,d4 #aghc4 ,loan$ to ! ,u4,s4 ,national ,museum by ,laurits ,c4 ,ei*n] ( ,clifton1 ,n4,j4 ,,usnm #caejfb4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #df4--;,compass c>d f a wood5 survey+ compass ,made by ,?omas ,gre5\gh1 ,bo/on1 ,new ,engl&4 ,9 collection ( ! writ]4 ,! compass c>d 9 ea* ( ^! five in/rum5ts is id5tical1 design$ = use 9 ! m>9]'s compass 7see fig4 #df74 ,a g5tleman 9 ! dress ( ab\t #agdj /&s on ! %ore us+ a ,davis quadrant4 ,(f%ore 9 ! h>bor is a s*oon] ( ! #agej p]iod4 ,m9or features ( ! sc5e are t\*$ up 9 r$1 presumably pr9t$1 s9ce !y are consi/5t 9 all ( ! c>ds4 ,william ,williams ,al?\gh n "o ( ! e>lie/ in/rum5t mak]s 9 ,bo/on1 b c]ta9ly "o ( ! m significant1 0 ,william ,williams 7#agcg_/h-agib74 ,he 0 ! son ( ,capt4 ,john ,williams1 a %opkeep] :o di$ on ,m>* #bb1 #agdh1 at ! age ( #da1 & :o 0 buri$ 9 ,k+'s ,*apel ,burial ,gr\nd4#ih ,william ,williams 0 born 9 #agcg or #agch4 ,he 0 t5 ye>s ( age :5 8 fa!r di$1 & he _h two bro!rs & two si/]s4 ,8 fa!r left a sub/antial e/ate ( ,l#f1ege1 ( :i* ,l#d1edd_/i_/d 0 = ! inv5tory ( ! %op m]*&ise4 ,"o ( ! apprais]s = 8 e/ate1 ,jo?am ,mav]ick1 m>ri$ ! wid[$ ,mrs4 ,williams less ?an a ye> lat]1 on ,janu>y #bj1 #agdh_/i4ii ,9 #aggj ,william ,williams e/abli%$ himself z a ma!matical in/rum5t mak] & clockmak] at ,no4 #a ,long ,:>f1 at ! ,cr[n ,c(fee ,h\se1 z x 0 !n kn[n4 ,! %op 0 locat$ on ! corn] ( ,/ate & ,*a?am ,/reets1 on premises own$ by ,rob]t ,%illcock4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #dg4--,quadrant1 %[+ signature ( ,?omas ,gre5\gh4 ,photo c\rtesy ,connecticut ,hi/orical ,society1 ,h>t=d4 ,williams may h work$ z an in/rum5t mak] 9 ,m>blehead be=e return+ to 8 native ,bo/on4 ,accord+ to ,felt1#ajj an in/rum5t mak] nam$ ,william ,williams at ,m>blehead adv]tis$ 9 ! ,salem newspap]s 9 ! e>ly #aggj's4 ,h[ev]1 9 #agfh ,williams 0 produc+ in/rum5ts f an address 9 ,k+ ,/reet1 ,bo/on4 7,see figure #dh47 ,an adv]tisem5t ins]t$ by ,williams appe>$ 9 ! ,m>* #ab1 #aggj1 issue ( ,! ,bo/on ,gazette4 ,x 0 ?is same issue t report$ ! ,bo/on ,massacre4 ,"o ( ! victims 0 ,williams' /ep-bro!r ,samuel ,mav]ick1 ! son ( 8 /epfa!r ,jo?am ,mav]ick by a fir/ m>riage4 ,9 #aggc ,williams m>ri$ ,joyce ,%illcock1 ! daught] ( 8 l&lord4 ,dur+ ! ,revolution>y ,w>1 ,williams saw active s]vice z a private 9 ,capta9 ,mills' company1 ( ,col4 ,j$u?an ,baldw9's regim5t ( artific]s1 dur+ ! ye>s #aggg-aggi4 ,9 #aghj he s]v$ 9 ,capta9 ,patt9's company ( ,g5]al ,knox's artill]y1 :i* 0 /ation$ at ,we/ ,po9t4#aja ,) ! conclusion ( ! w> ,williams return$ to ! craft ( in/rum5t-mak+ 9 8 %op1 at ,no4 #a ,long ,:>f4 ,9 #aghb 8 wife1 ,joyce1 inh]it$ ! prop]ty f h] "m1 ! wid[ ,hannah ,%illcock1 foll[+ ! latt]'s dea? 9 t ye>4 ,9 ! foll[+ ,may x is record$ t ,williams pur*as$ ! w>eh\se & l& on ! nor? side ( ,/ate ,/reet f ,b5jam9 ,br[n1 a trad]4 ,by a sep>ate de$1 he & 8 wife releas$ to ,br[n ! w>eh\se & l& :i* _h be5 ! prop]ty ( 8 fa!r-9-law 9 ex*ange = a cle> title to "o-half %>e ( ! /ore & l& "u x :i* is next to ! /reet call$ ,k+ ,/reet4 ,on ,febru>y #g1 #aghd1 he b\ght a %>e ( ! l[] division at ,long ,:>f1 ,no4 #g1 f ,arnold ,welles4 ,on ,may #ag ( ! same ye> he succe$$ 9 buy+ out ,br[n's half %>e ( ! l[] division ( ,long ,:>f at ,nos4 #a & #g1 & at ! same "t he de$$ to ,br[n "o-half %>e ( ,no4 #g ,long ,:>f1 toge!r ) all its dockage & :>fage4 ,f9ally1 on ,janu>y #bj1 #aghe1 ,williams & 8 wife de$$ to ,br[n all rights to l& ( ,no4 #g ,long ,:>f1 res]v+ = himself 8 rights 9 ! flats1 :>fage1 & dockage4 ,on ,m>* #bc1 #aghg1 ,williams de$$ to ,joseph ,hely]1 a blockmak]1 ! /ore & l& "u same1 & half ! :>fage prop]ly belong+ to ,lot ,no4 #a4 ,on ,octob] #bj ( ! same ye> he sold to ,br[n a "p or %>e ( ,no4 #g ,long ,:>f1 & on ,m>* #bd1 #aghh1 he pur*as$ l& ) a wood5 /ore at ,/ate ,/reet & ,long ,:>f f ,b5jam9 ,br[n4 ,on ,june #bf he b\ght ! l& & /ore ( ,joseph ,hely] on ! nor? side ( ,long ,:>f4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #dh4--;,adv]tisem5t ( ,william ,williams 9 ,! ,bo/on ,gazette1 ,m>* #ab1 #aggj4 ,photo c\rtesy ,h>v>d ,univ]sity ,libr>y4 ,williams engag$ 9 only two m transactions be=e 8 dea?4 ,on ,m>* #bh1 #agij1 he mortgag$ to ,joseph ,gre5e1 a m]*ant1 ! l& ) wood5 /ore at ! head ( ,long ,:>f on ! nor!a/ side ( ,/ate ,/reet2 ?is mortgage 0 cancell$ on ,may #bi1 #agic4 ,on ,octob] #a1 #agia1 he de$$ to ,b5jam9 ,br[n a "o-half %>e or #a_/dh? ( all ! dockage & :>fage ( ,long ,:>f t app]ta9$ to "o-half ( ,lot ,no4 #a1 :i* he _h previ\sly pur*as$ f ,welles z not$1 z well z #a_/dh? ( ! proprietor's pur*ase ( ,gordon's l&s & build+s adjo9+ ! ,:>f4 ,williams di$ on ,janu>y #ae1 #agib1 at age #dd4 ,! adm9i/rator ( 8 e/ate 0 a m]*ant nam$ ,abraham ,qu9cy4 ,by ord] ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt1 9 ord] to settle 8 e/ate1 ,williams' /ore build+ at ,no4 #a ,long ,:>f 0 ord]$ sold at public auction4 ,al?\gh on ! site ( ! ,cr[n ,c(fee ,h\se1 x 0 a new build+ erect$ 9 #aghj aft] ! ,c(fee ,h\se _h burn$4 ,! pur*as] appe>s to h be5 ,john ,osborn1 a m]*ant1 because on ,may #aj1 #agic1 ,qu9cy1 ,williams' adm9i/rator1 de$$ to ,osborn ! l& ) wood5 /ore at ,long ,:>f on ,/ate ,/reet4#ajb ,! only in/rum5t made by ,williams :i* appe>s to h surviv$ is a ,davis back/aff 7fig4 #di7 m>k$ ,by ,wm4 ,williams1 ,k+ ,/reet1 ,bo/on1 = ,mala*i ,all51 #agfh2 ?is in/rum5t is n[ 9 ! collection ( ! ,peabody ,museum 9 ,salem1 ,massa*usetts4 ,x is to be not$ f ?is inscription t ?is in/rum5t 0 an e>ly example ( ,williams' "w1 produc$ at ! age ( #bj1 prior to ! op5+ ( 8 %op at ! ,cr[n ,c(fee ,h\se4 ,9 #aggj1 :5 ,williams op5$ 8 %op1 ! c>v$ sign ( ,! ,little ,admiral 7fig4 #cg7 0 in/all$ 9 front ( ! ,cr[n ,c(fee ,h\se1 & ,williams' e/abli%m5t 0 !reaft] designat$ by ?is symbol4#ajc ,9 8 %op at ,no4 #a ,long ,:>f1 ,williams ex]cis$ 8 crafts ( in/rum5t-& clockmak+1 & he made & sold a l>ge assortm5t ( in/rum5ts1 z well z "t glasses :i* measur$ f "o qu>t] m9ute to two h\rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #di4--;,detail ( wood5 ,davis quadrant inscrib$ ,made by ,william ,williams 9 ,k+ ,/reet ,bo/on = ,mala*i ,all5 #agfh4 ,9 collection ( ,ea/ ,india ,m>9e ,hall1 ,peabody ,museum1 ,salem1 ,massa*usetts4 ,! "n ( ,williams appe>s also 9 ! ,day ,books ( ,paul ,rev]e4 ,"u date ( ,april #af1 #agib1 !re is ! foll[+ entry3 ,mr4 ,william ,williams ,dr ,to ,engravg plate = hatt bills #j-ah-j ,to #b hund pr9ts #j-f-j4 ,f ,june #bd1 #agib1 to ,janu>y #bh1 #agig1 ,rev]e ent]$ #ab *>ges aga9/ ,williams = #h1ejj hat bills = ! total am\nt ( ,l#ad_/ae_/j4ajd ,samuel ,?axt] ,closely associat$ ) ! "n ( ,william ,williams is t ( ano!r in/rum5t mak] ( ,bo/on1 ,samuel ,?axt] 7#agfi-ahdb74 ,?axt] 0 born 9 ,h+ham1 ,massa*usetts1 on ,decemb] #ac1 #agfi1 ! son ( ,samuel & ,ba?%eba 7,l9coln7 ,?axt]4 ,8 fa!r1 :o _h be5 born 9 ,h+ham 9 #agdd1 0 m>ri$ on ,decemb] #bg1 #agfh1 & he became ! fa!r ( six *ildr51 ( :om ,samuel 0 ! elde/4 ,samuel ,?axt]1 ,sr41 0 app>5tly a man ( means1 = he is li/$ z a ,g5tleman & a loyal subject ( ,k+ ,george4 ,he resid$ on ,nor? ,/reet 9 ,h+ham1 ne> ,%ip ,/reet4 ,he di$ on ! isl& ( ,campobello at ! age ( #dd ye>s on ,may #bg1 #aghh4aje ,samuel ,?axt]1 z well z sev]al g5]ations ( 8 family be=e him1 0 born 9 ! old ,?omas ,?axt] mansion t 0 built by ! settl] ( t "n 9 #afeb4 ,dur+ ! ,revolution ,samuel's fa!r1 ,maj4 ,samuel ,?axt]1 conceal$ ,tories f ! ,committee ( ,safety 9 a bl9d passage ) a secret door 9 ! old h\se4 ,f !re he smuggl$ !m to ,bo/on4 ,at ! massacre ( ,=t ,william1 ,major ,?axt] 0 "o ( ^? captur$ by ! ,indians4 ,:ile ti$ to a tree1 he saw two ,fr5* (fic]s1 & dem&$ :e!r ?is 0 ! treatm5t !y gave to commission$ (fic]s4 ,!y all[$ him to g free & he dragg$ himself to ,=t ,edw>d4 ,mean:ile1 8 comrades _h report$ him miss+ 9 action1 & ,dr4 ,gay prea*$ 8 fun]al s]mon 9 ,h+ham %ortly be=e ,?axt]'s return4 ,! old ,?axt] mansion 0 torn d[n 9 #ahfd4ajf ,"y ,samuel ,?axt] mov$ f ,h+ham to ,bo/on1 :]e he is fir/ he>d ( 9 #agib4 ,on ,june #ad1 #agib1 ,?axt] m>ri$ ,polly ,hely]1 ! niece ( ,william ,williams4 ,)9 a mon? aft] ! sale ( ,williams' prop]ty at public auction1 ,?axt] acquir$ ! in/rum5t-mak+ bus9ess4 ,app>5tly ! new own] ( ! premises requir$ ! bus9ess to move1 & ,?axt] e/abli%$ himself at ,no4 #i ,butl]'s ,r[4 ,a mon? aft] ! ,williams auction ,?axt] ann\nc$ 8 new location 9 an adv]tisem5t 7fig4 #ej7 9 ,! ,columbia ,c5t9el ( ,may #bb1 #agic4 ,?axt]'s new location 0 a wood5 /ore /ructure1 on ! nor? side ( ,butl]'s ,r[ t 0 own$ by ,&rew ,hall & ,eunice ,fit* 9 #agih4 ,x 0 9 ! re> ( ! nor? side ( ,/ate ,/reet1 runn+ f ,m]*ants ,r[ to ! wat]4 ,by #agif ,?axt] _h mov$ f ?is location to ,no4 #di ,/ate ,/reet1 on ! nor? side opposite to ,broad ,/reet1 a brick /ore own$ by ,joseph ,lov]+ ,sons1 tall[ *&l]s4 ,he cont9u$ to d bus9ess at ?is address until #ahae1 :5 he mov$ to #bg ,/ate ,/reet1 on ! opposite side ( ! /reet4 ,! new location 0 9 a brick dwell+1 opposite ,m]*ants ,r[1 t 0 own$ by ,joseph ,cl\gh1 a h\sewright4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ej4--;,adv]tisem5t ( ,samuel ,?axt] 9 ,! ,columbia ,c5t9el1 ,may #bb1 #agic4 ,photo c\rtesy ,h>v>d ,univ]sity ,libr>y4 ,9 ab\t #ahbe ,?axt] mov$ 8 bus9ess once m1 to #abe ,/ate ,/reet1 ! ea/ corn] ( ,broad ,/reet4 ,?is build+ 0 occupi$ by ,*>les ,/impson1 ,jr41 a /ation] :o 0 "o ( ! publi%]s ( ! ,bo/on ,annual ,adv]tis]1 :i* 0 annex$ to ! ,bo/on ,directory ( #ahbf4 ,! build+ 0 own$ by ,jona?an ,phillips1 ! fir/ mayor ( ,bo/on4 ,9 ! cell> ( ! build+ 0 a victuall] nam$ ,augu/us ,adams4#ajg ,! dom9at+ feature ( ,?axt]'s %op f ! "t x 0 op5$ 0 ! c>v$ figure ( ,! ,little ,admiral1 ! trade sign fir/ us$ by ,williams4 ,! firm ( ,samuel ,?axt] ev5tually became ,samuel ,?axt] ,son1 & x cont9u$ ) t "n until pa/ ! middle ( ! #ai? c5tury4 ,samuel ,?axt] di$ 9 ,april #ahdb at ! age ( #gb ye>s4 ,! entry = ! firm 9 ! #ahdc ,city ,directory li/$ ,s4 ,t4 ,cu%+ z ! new own]4 ,f ! initials1 x seems likely t 8 full "n 0 ,samuel ,?axt] ,cu%+1 & t he 0 ! gr&son ( ! orig9al ,samuel ,?axt]4 ,s4 ,t4 ,cu%+ cont9u$ to be li/$ z ! own] ( ! firm until #ahii1 :5 he 0 succe$$ by ,a4 ,t4 ,cu%+1 presumably a son ( ! =m]4 ,! old /ore 0 f9ally demoli%$ 9 #aija4ajh ,comp>ison ( a photograph ( ! build+ j be=e its demolition ) a copy ( ,?axt]'s trade c>d 7fig4 #ea7 ( ! mid-#ai? c5tury %[s t ! build+ und]w5t little *ange 9 ! p]iod4 ,! ,little ,admiral is b>ely visible 9 bo? views4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ea4--ai?-c5tury trade c>d 9 collection ( ! ,bo/onian ,society4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #eb4--,mahogany survey+ compass made by ,samuel ,?axt] ( ,bo/on4 ,l5g?1 #ac 942 diamet]1 #g-a_/b 94 ,wood5 frame slides (f to p]mit removal ( glass & adju/m5t ( ne$le4 ,sight+ b>s are ( boxwood4 ,9 collection ( ! writ]4 ,9 #agif1 %ortly aft] 8 m>riage1 ,?axt] made 8 home on ,fi% ,/reet 7n[ ,nor? ,/reet71 b 9 #ahjj he 0 liv+ at #ed ,middle ,/reet 7,hanov] ,/reet74 ,by #ahjg he _h mov$ to a new home on ,fleet ,/reet4 ,8 la/ home address1 at ! "t ( 8 dea?1 0 #da ,p9ckney ,/reet4#aji ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ec4--;,compass c>d f e>li] =m ( wood5 survey+ compass made by ,samuel ,?axt] ( ,bo/on4 ,f an in/rum5t 9 ! collection ( ! writ]4 ,9 ! collection ( ! ,massa*usetts ,hi/orical ,society !re is a receipt$ bill 7fig4 #ee7 f ,samuel ,?axt] dat$ ,july #a1 #ahja1 to ,sam ,br[n1 = t\*+ up & repair+ n9e compasses = ! ,fr5* corvelle ,b]ceau4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ed4--;,brass survey+ compass made & sold by ,s4 ,?axt] ,son1 ,bo/on1 9 late #ah? or e>ly #ai? c5tury4 ,ov]-all l5g?1 #ad 942 diamet] ( dial1 #f 942 l5g? ( ne$le1 #e-a_/h 942 height ( sight+ b>s1 #f-a_/b 94 ,9 collection ( ! writ]4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ee4--,receipt$ bill f ,samuel ,?axt] to ,sam ,br[n1 ,bo/on1 ,augu/ #d1 #ahja4 ,9 collection ( ,massa*usetts ,hi/orical ,society4 ,john ,dupee ,john ,dupee ( ,bo/on app>5tly 0 ano!r in/rum5t mak] ( ! pre-,revolution>y p]iod actively engag$ 9 produc+ wood5 survey+ compasses4 ,?ree wood5 in/rum5ts ) 8 compass c>d exi/ 9 private & public collections4 ,! in/rum5ts are q simil>3 ! wood 9 ea* case is walnut or applewood1 ) an engrav$ pap] m>9]'s compass c>d2 a s*oon] at sea is figur$ )9 ! c5tral m$allion1 & inscrib$ )9 ! rib& enclos+ x are ! words ,made & ,sold by ,,john ,,dupee ,ye ,nor? ,side ( ,sw+ ,bridge ,bo/on ,new ,eng4 ,"o ( ! in/rum5ts is own$ by ! ,s\? ,natick ,massa*usetts ,hi/orical ,society2 a second example is 9 ! collection ( ! ,bo/onian ,society2 & a ?ird is own$ by a private collector4 ,!re is no record ( a mak] ( sci5tific in/rum5ts or clocks by ! "n ( ,dupee1 al?\gh ! "n ,john ,dupee occurs 9 ! city records ( ,bo/on dur+ ! e>ly decades ( ! #ah? c5tury4 ,an adv]tisem5t 9 ! ,febru>y #i1 #agfa1 issue ( ,! ,bo/on ,gazette /ates t ,,isaac ,,dupee1 ,c>v]1 ,adv]tises 8 ,cu/om]s & o!rs1 t s9ce ! late ,fire 7on ,dock ,squ>e7 he has op5$ a %op ! ,nor? side ( ! ,sw+-,bridge1 opposite to ,?omas ,tyl]'s1 ,esq42 :]e ,bus9ess w be c>ri$ on z usual ) ,fidelity & ,dispat*4 ,! natural assumption w\ld be t ! ?ree in/rum5ts 7 produc$ 9 ,isaac ,dupee's %op aft] #agfa1 p]haps by ! c>v]'s son4 ,! use ( an engrav$ compass c>d indicates t ! in/rum5ts 7 n unique1 & t a numb] ( o!rs 7 produc$ or contemplat$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is likely t ! mak] produc$ o!r types ( in/rum5ts utiliz+ su* a c>d1 su* z m>9]'s compasses4 ,j]e ,cl\gh ,ano!r in/rum5t mak]1 presumably ( ,bo/on1 is ,j]e ,cl\gh4 ,! only in/rum5t be>+ 8 "n kn[n at pres5t is a survey+ compass 7fig4 #ef71 made ( wood1 9 ! ,/reet] ,collection ( ,weights & ,measures at ,yale ,univ]sity4 ,cl\gh's "n does n appe> on any ( ! li/s ( in/rum5t mak]s or clockmak]s1 yet x is a "n t is fairly preval5t 9 ,bo/on4 ,9 #agda1 = in/ance1 "o ,joseph ,cl\gh ( ,bo/on 0 a mak] ( bell[s4 ,he produc$ bell[s ( all types--= furnaces1 ref9]s1 blacksmi?s1 brazi]s1 & goldsmi?s4#aaj ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ef4--,wood5 in/rum5t made by ,j]e ,cl\gh4 ,9 ,/reet] ,collection ( ,weights & ,measures1 ,yale ,univ]sity4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #eg4--,wood5 survey+ compass made by ,&rew ,newell 7#agdi-agih7 ( ,bo/on4 ,x is made ( mahogany1 is #aa-a_/b 94 long1 & has a diamet] ( #e 94 ,! engrav$ compass c>d is sign$ by ,na?aniel ,hurd1 goldsmi?1 silv]smi?1 & engrav] ( ,bo/on4 ,9 collection ( ,yale ,univ]sity ,art ,gall]y4 ,&rew ,newell ,an in/rum5t ( consid]able significance is ano!r wood5 surveyor's compass1 9 ! collection ( ! ,yale ,univ]sity ,art ,gall]y4 ,?is compass 7fig4 #eg7 is made ( ri* br[n ,san ,dom+o mahogany ) sight+ b>s ( boxwood4 ,a m>9]'s c>d1 set into ! op5+ ) a metal v]ni] scale1 is 9 ! usual =m ( ! m>9]'s compass c>d ( ! #ah? c5tury2 x is execut$ z a l9e engrav+4 ,a %ip & ! ,bo/on h>bor ligh?\se are featur$ 9 ! c5tral m$allion4 ,on a rib& encircl+ ! m$allion is ! inscription ,made by ,,&w4 ,,newell ,ea/ ,end ( ! ,,m>ket ,,bo/on1 ,engrav$ 9 script at ! s\!rn tip ( ! /> is ! signature ,n4 ,hurd ,sct4 ,relatively little is kn[n ab\t ,&rew ,newell 7#agdi-agih7 except t he 0 a mak] ( ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,an entry 9 ! fir/ ,bo/on directory1 9 #aghi1 li/$ ,&rew ,newell1 in/rum5t mak]1 #fa ,/ate ,/reet4 ,! directory ( #agif m5tion$ ,newell z hav+ a %op on ! ,ea/ side ( ! ,m>ket1 ! address t appe>s on ! survey+ compass4 ,two ye>s lat] ! ,bo/on directory li/$ ,&rew ,newell & ,son1 & 9 #ahjj ! li/+ includ$ only ! "n ( ,joseph ,newell1 :o may h be5 ! son4 ,ano!r ma!matical in/rum5t mak] nam$ ,*>les ,newell may h be5 ano!r son ( ,&rew ,newell2 8 "n does n appe> 9 ! city ,directory until 9 ! #ai? c5tury4 ,an in/rum5t ) ! signature ,newell ,son1 ,mak]s1 ,ea/ ,end ( ,faneuil ,hall1 ,bo/on is 9 ! collection ( ! ,bo/onian ,society4 ,an important feature ( ! ,newell in/rum5t is ! fact t ! engrav] ( ! compass c>d 0 ,na?aniel ,hurd 7#agbi-aggg71 ! pe] ( goldsmi?s & engrav]s ( ! colonial p]iod4 ,?is compass c>d is a previ\sly unrecord$ example ( ,hurd's "w1 & con/itutes a "w ( art1 mak+ ! compass a hi/oric sci5tific in/rum5t4#aaa ,! compass 0 pres5t$ to ! ,yale ,univ]sity ,art ,gall]y by a ,yale alumnus1 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,g4 ,s*iff ( ,new ,york ,city4 ,no o!r examples h ?us f> be5 f\nd4 ,a>on ,bre$ ,a>on ,bre$ 7#agia-ahfa7 is a relatively unkn[n mak] ( ma!matical in/rum5ts :o work$ 9 ,bo/on into ! #ai? c5tury4 ,he specializ$ 9 nautical1 ma!matical & optical in/rum5ts1 ) an address at #agc ,broad ,/reet1 & ano!r at ,no4 #b ,r[e's ,:>f1 ,at ! ,sign ( ! ,quadrant4 ,bre$ made survey+ in/rum5ts 9 brass & 9 wood4 ,a brass in/rum5t is 9 ! ,h5ry ,=d ,museum1 & a wood5 in/rum5t is 9 ! collection ( ,old ,/urbridge ,village4 ,! latt] is fa%ion$ f walnut ) an engrav$ compass c>d inscrib$ ,a>on ,bre$ ,bo/on4 ,*>les ,?a*] ,! "n ( ,*>les ,?a*] appe>s on ! compass c>d ( a wood5 survey+ compass 7fig4 #eh7 9 ! collection ( ! ,m>9]s' ,museum1 ,norfolk1 ,virg9ia4 ,no record ( ?is mak] has be5 f\nd1 b ! engrav$ compass c>d indicates t he probably work$ 9 ,new ,engl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #eh4--,wood5 survey+ compass made by ,*>les ,?a*]4 ,x is made ( *]ry or maple2 sight+ b>s are ( oak4 ,ov]-all l5g?1 #ac-e_/h 94 ,photos c\rtesy ,m>9]s ,museum1 ,newport ,news1 ,virg9ia4 ,b5jam9 ,k+ ,hagg] ,b5jam9 ,k+ ,hagg] 7c4 #agfi-ahcd7 0 ! scion ( two well-kn[n families ( in/rum5t mak]s 9 ,new ,engl&1 s x is n surpris+ t he work$ 9 ! same craft4 ,x is believ$ t ,hagg] 0 born 9 ,newport1 ,rhode ,isl&1 ab\t #agfi1 ! son ( ,william ,guyse ,hagg] & ( a si/] ( ,b5jam9 ,k+4 ,al?\gh 8 fa!r made in/rum5ts--at fir/ 9 p>tn]%ip ) ,b5jam9 ,k+1 & !n work+ alone--9 ,newport at lea/ z late z #aggf1 ! family appe>s to h mov$ aft] ! ,revolution4 ,william ,guyse ,hagg]'s "n did n appe> 9 ! #agij c5sus ( ,newport1 & x is presum$ t he mov$ ) 8 family to ,bo/on4 ,b5jam9 ,k+ ,hagg] 0 li/$ 9 ! fir/ city directory ( ,bo/on 9 #aghi z a ma!matical in/rum5t mak] ) an address on ,ann ,/reet2 he 0 only #bj ye>s ( age at ?is "t4 ,on ,novemb] #aj1 #agic1 ,b5jam9 ,k+ ,hagg]1 ma!matical in/rum5t mak]1 pur*as$ l& ) build+s on ,pr9ce ,/reet ne> ,sn[ ,hill ,/reet f "o ,pet] ,gre5e4 ,two ye>s lat]1 on ,decemb] #a1 #agie1 ,hagg]1 n[ li/$ simply z a m]*ant1 pur*as$ a brick h\se1 a wood5 h\se1 & a %$ ) l& f ,william ,ball>d1 a tailor ( ,fram+ham & an heir ( ,samuel ,ball>d4 ,! prop]ty 0 locat$ on ! ea/ side ( ,nor? ,/reet1 s\? ( ,mill ,creek4 ,at ! "t ( pur*ase1 ,hagg] mortgag$ ! prop]ty to ,ball>d1 & also mortgag$ to him ! h\se & l& previ\sly pur*as$ f ,gre5e4 ,hagg] 0 li/$ z a %ip *&l] 9 ! foll[+ ye> :5 on ,m>* #bd1 #agif1 he de$$ "p ( 8 l& on ,pr9ce ,/reet to ,william & ,george ,hillman1 m9ors4 ,on ,june #bb1 #agif1 ?ree mon?s lat]1 ,hagg]1 n[ li/$ z ma!matical in/rum5t mak]1 & %ip-*&l] de$$ to a m>9] nam$ ,?omas ,wallis a h\se & l& t =m$ "p ( 8 orig9al pur*ase ne> ,copp's ,hill f ,pet] ,gre5e4 ,!n on ,july #ba1 #agif1 he pur*as$ f ,william ,ball>d all 8 "r to ! brick h\se & l& on ,nor? ,/reet 7,ann ,/reet71 at ! same "t mortgag+ ! prop]ty to ,william ,ball>d1 ,jr41 ( ,fram+ham4 ,?is mortgage 0 cancell$ on ,april #aa1 #agih4aab ,^! negotiations took place be=e m>riage4 ,a report ( ! ,record ,commission]s ( ,bo/on1 /ates t ,william ,k+ ,hagg] ( ,bo/on & ,mehitable ,ball>d ( ,fram+ham 7 m>ri$ ,octob] #f1 #agif4 ,! entry appe>s to be 9 error because ! m>riage int5tions _h read ,b5jam9 ,k+ ,hagg]4 ,x is presum$ t ,mehitable 0 ! daught] ( ,william ,ball>d1 ! tailor ( ,fram+ham1 f :om ,hagg] _h b\ght 8 h\se on ,ann ,/reet1 s\? ( ,mill ,creek4#aac ,b5jam9 ,k+ ,hagg] is li/$ 9 ! city directory ( ,bo/on = #agih z a ma!matical in/rum5t mak] on ,ann ,/reet4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is ! la/ li/+ = 8 "n 9 ,bo/on1 z 8 "n does n appe> 9 ! #ahjc or subsequ5t directories4 ,%ortly aft] #agih ,hagg] appe>s to h left ,bo/on toge!r ) 8 wife1 & x is probable t he e/abli%$ himself z an in/rum5t mak] 9 ano!r ,massa*usetts community1 at pres5t unkn[n4 ,9 ab\t #ahaf ,hagg] mov$ ) 8 family to ,baltimore & cont9u$ 8 in/rum5t-mak+ bus9ess4 ,! records ( ! #ahej ,f$]al c5sus ( ,baltimore indicate t two ( ,hagg]'s sons1 ,john ,w4 & ,william ,g4 ,hagg]1 _h be5 born 9 #ahjj & #ahjf respectively1 9 ,massa*usetts1 presumably 9 ! community to :i* ,hagg] _h mov$ f ,bo/on be=e mov+ once m to ,baltimore4 ,accord+ to ,mat*ett's ,baltimore directory = #ahbd1 ,hagg] 0 a ma!matical & optical in/rum5t mak] ) a %op at #eg ,s\? ,/reet4 ,8 adv]tisem5t 9 ! directory /at$ t he ,respectfully acqua9ts 8 fell[ citiz5s t he executes all ord]s 9 ! l9e ( 8 bus9ess ) punctuality & confid5tly pr(esses to give satisfaction to 8 employ]s1 f ! exp]i5ce ( a regul> appr5tice%ip & #cg ye>s practice4 ,?is indicates t ,hagg] complet$ 8 appr5tice%ip 9 #aghg1 :5 he 0 #ah1 & s9ce !n _h be5 e/abli%$ 9 8 own bus9ess or _h work$ = ano!r z a j\rneyman in/rum5t mak]4 ,8 fir/ adv]tisem5t 9 ! ,bo/on directory appe>$ 9 #aghi1 :]e9 8 %op 0 li/$ z be+ on ,ann ,/reet4 ,hagg] di$ 9 ,baltimore on ,novemb] #h1 #ahcd1 at ! age ( #fe1 aft] a resid5ce ( #ah ye>s 9 t city4#aad ,?us f> only "o in/rum5t by ,hagg] has be5 f\nd--a wood5 survey+ in/rum5t or semicircumf]5tor 7fig4 #ei74 ,x is 9 ! possession ( ! writ]4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ei4--,wood5 graphomet] made by ,b5jam9 ,k+ ,hagg] 7c4 #agfi-ahcd7 ( ,bo/on & ,baltimore4 ,made ( yell[ bir*1 ) ! "n & gradations & l9es incis$ into ! wood by means ( t9y pun*es1 & fill$4 ,tr\gh compass2 sight+ b>s m\nt$ on a swivell+ brass b>2 collapsible tripod made ( maple4 ,9 collection ( ! writ]4 ,b5jam9 ,w>r5 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #fj4--;,an adv]tisem5t ( ,b5jam9 ,w>r5 9 ,! ,plym\? ,j\rnal ,massa*usetts ,adv]tis]4 ,photos c\rtesy ,! ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian ,society1 ,worce/]1 ,massa*usetts4 ,production ( wood5 survey+ compasses 0 n limit$ to ,bo/on4 ,ano!r in/rum5t mak] :o produc$ !m 0 ,b5jam9 ,w>r5 7c4 #agdj-87 ( ,plym\?1 ,massa*usetts4 ,! "n ( ,b5jam9 ,w>r5 0 a fairly common "o 9 ,plym\?1 be+ a "n h&$ d[n 9 ! family f fa!r to son = at lea/ five g5]ations be=e #ahjj4 ,! fir/ ,b5jam9 ,w>r5 at ,plym\? 0 m>ri$ 9 #afig1 & 8 son ,b5jam9 7#b7 0 born 9 #afih4 ,b5jam9 7#b7 0 m>ri$ 9 due c\rse1 & 8 son ,b5jam9 7#c7 0 born 9 #agdj4 ,! ?ird ,b5jam9 0 ! fa!r ( ,b5jam9 7#d71 :o 0 born 9 #agff4 ,9 #aghi ,b5jam9 7#d7 m>ri$ ,s>ah ,"y1 ! daught] ( ,daniel ,"y1 & _! son ,b5jam9 7#e7 0 born 9 #agib4 ,! ,b5jam9 ,w>r5 :o op]at$ ! %op 9 ,plym\? probably 0 ,b5jam9 ,w>r5 7#c71 :o 0 !n ab\t #de ye>s ( age4#aae ,a se>* ( ,! ,plym\? ,j\rnal ,massa*usetts ,adv]tis] has reveal$ sev]al adv]tisem5ts & notices 7fig4 #fj7 ab\t ,b5jam9 ,w>r5 f :i* "s in=mation c be d]iv$ ab\t ! man & 8 bus9ess dur+ ?is p]iod4 ,! fir/ kn[n notice dat$ ,m>* #ai1 #aghe1 probably is ! mo/ important "o4 ,lat] 9 ! same ye>1 on ,augu/ #af1 #aghe1 ,w>r5 publi%$ ! foll[+ notice3 ,,:]eas on ,friday ,morn+ ( ! #e? in/4 elop$ f ! ,h\se ( ! subscrib]1 ,inhold] 9 ,plym\?1 ,,john ,,morey1 ( ,,norton1 ( tall /ature1 r\nd %\ld]'d4 ,_h on :5 he abscond$1 a %abby cl>et col\r$ coat1 adorn$ ) pat*es1 & a pair ( dirty smoak'd col\r$ bree*es2 )\t knee-buckles2 & an old flopp$ hatt1 defac$ ) grease4 ,z he appe>$ to be an ent]pris+ g5ius1 )\t abilities1 polit5ess or hone/y1 & w5t (f 9 an abrupt & cl&e/9e mann]2 a rew>d ( ,sixp5ce w be paid1 to any p]son or p]sons1 :o w p]suade or induce ! said ,morey to make 8 appe>ance once m to ! subscrib]4 ,x is obvi\s t ,w>r5 0 n consid]ably conc]n$ ab\t ! return ( ,john ,morey1 = ! rew>d (f]$ 0 sc>cely conducive to obta9 ! public's coop]ation4 ,w>r5's fir/ v5tures ) public sales mu/ h be5 successful1 = e>ly 9 ! next ye>1 9 ! issue ( ,janu>y #c1 #aghf1 he ann\nc$ t ,b5jam9 ,w>r51 ,,proposes to op5 a conv5i5t ,,auction-,,room1 ov] ! ,%op he n[ trades 91 next week4 ,any ,g5tlem5 t w furni% him ) goods ( any k9d = ,public or ,private sale1 on ,commission1 %all be s]v$ ) fidelity1 & ! smalle/ fav\rs 9 t way gratefully ackn[l$g$4 ,! next notice ( ! auction-room appe>$ on ,febru>y #ba1 #aghf1 :5 ! newspap] adv]tis$ t ,to-morr[ w be ,,sold1 by ,public ,v5due1 ,at ,,w>r5',s ,auction ,room1 ,a ,,v>iety ( articles1 viz4 ,nails1 ,b> ,lead1 ,glass ,pewt]1 ,buttons1 ,buckles1 ,*airs1 ,/&s1 c1 c1 c4 999999 ,! ,,sale to beg9 at #aj o',clock1 ,a4,m4 ,no o!r notices ( public sales appe>$ 9 ! ,j\rnal = ! next sev]al mon?s4 ,! la/ notice ( ?is p]iod 0 ano!r ann\ncem5t ( a sale1 :i* 0 publi%$ 9 ! issue ( ,may #cj1 #aghf3 ,publick ,v5due1 ,at ,,w>r5's ,auction ,room1 9 ,,plym\?3 at ,t5 o'clock ?is morn+4 ,,w be ,sold1 a quantity ( b> lead1 boxes ( glass1 #f x #h4 ,engli% ,%ovels & ,tongs1 bridle-,bits1 & a v>iety ( o!r articles ( ,h>d-,w>e4 ,also1 a few ,anvils at private sale4 ,only "o in/rum5t sign$ by ,w>r5 is kn[n to survive2 x is a wood5 survey+ compass 7fig4 #fa7 9 ! ,/reet] ,collection ( ,weights & ,measures at ,yale ,univ]sity4 ,! in/rum5t1 :i* appe>s to h be5 made f walnut1 has a compass c>d ) ! foll[+ inscription ar\nd ! c5tral m$allion3 ,made & sold by ,,b5jam9 ,,w>r5 ,plym\? ,new ,engd4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #fa4--,wood5 survey+ compass made by ,b5jam9 ,w>r5 7c4 #agdj-;c4 #ahjj7 ( ,plym\?1 ,massa*usetts1 & detail ( ! compass c>d4 ,! compass1 made ( *]ry wood1 is #ab 94 long & has a diamet] ( #f 94 ,9 ,/reet] ,collection ( ,weights & ,measures1 ,yale ,univ]sity4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #fb4--;,detail ( c>d1 ,w>r5 survey+ compass %[n 9 figure #fa4 ,! m$allion 7fig4 #fb7 encloses a h>bor sc5e ) a brigant9e ( ! #agdj p]iod (f a promontory on :i* is prom95tly situat$ a ligh?\se ) a small] build+ p>tly visible at ! left4 ,! ligh?\se is unusual 9 con/ruction 9 t x features tw9 t[]s ris+ f a l>ge rectangul> wood5 build+4 ,z f> z c be det]m9$ f available records1 ! only ligh?\se 9 ,am]ica ( ?is p]iod hav+ su* con/ruction 0 ! not$ ,gurnet ,light1 :i* 0 built at ! tip ( ,duxbury ,bea* 9 ,plym\? ,bay 9 #agfh4 ,d4 ,alan ,/ev5son#aaf relates t ! ,gov]nor's ,c\ncil ( ,massa*usetts1 :5 x decid$ 9 #agfh to erect ! ,gurnet ,ligh?\se at ,plym\?1 adopt$ a novel plan to di/+ui% x f o!r ,am]ican ligh?\ses4 ,?is consi/$ ( d\ble lights set horizontally 9 ! same /ructure4 ,a timb] h\se built at a co/ ( ,l#ffj1 #cj' long & #bj' high1 _h a lan?orn at ea* end to conta9 two f\r-wick lamps4 ,9 #ahjb fire de/roy$ ! h\se b ! m]*ants ( ! t[n promptly subscrib$ to replace x by tempor>y lights1 z ! ,gov]nm5t _h no imm$iate funds at its disposal4 ,an ,act ( ,congress ( #ahjb allott$ #bejj = build+ ano!r set ( tw9 lights & reimburs+ ! m]*ants = _! exp5diture4 ,?\gh ! idea ( tw9 lights at ,plym\? seem$ an excell5t di/9ction f a s+le navigation light %[n at ,b>n/able h>bor 9 ! vic9ity1 !y prov$ n entirely advantage\s & a sea capta9 blam$ !m = caus+ 8 %ipwreck4 ,he _h se5 ! light f only "o t[] & id5tifi$ x ) confid5ce z ! ,b>n/able light2 app>5tly1 f a p>ticul> direction "o t[] hid ! o!r4 ,b local prejudice 9 favor ( reta9+ ! tw9 lights z a di/9ction prevail$ until #aibd :51 at la/1 opposition ceas$ to ! recomm5dation :i* ! ,ligh?\se ,bo>d express$ frequ5tly t a s+le light w\ld be pref]able4 ,x seems q likely t ! compass c>d be>s "o ( ! v few surviv+ contempor>y repres5tations ( ! fir/ ,gurnet ,light 9 ,plym\? ,bay4 ,a se>* ( ! ar*ives ( ! hi/orical societies 9 ,plym\?1 ,bo/on1 & ,worce/] & ! files ( ! ,u4,s4 ,national ,ar*ives has fail$ to reveal any illu/ration ( ?is fam\s ligh?\se4 ,q by co9cid5ce1 ! "n ( ,b5jam9 ,w>r5 0 discov]$ among ! entries ( ! day books ( ,paul ,rev]e1 ! fam\s patriot1 silv]smi?1 & engrav]4 ,! entry#aag 7fig4 #fc7 appe>s z foll[s3 #aghf ,m>* #ac4 ,b5jm ,w>r5 ,dr4 ,plim\? ,to pr9t+ "o hundr$ ,compass ,c>ds #j-ah-j4 ,:e!r ! compass c>d on ! ,w>r5 in/rum5t 0 produc$ by ,rev]e is difficult to det]m9e4 ,au?orities on ,rev]e's engrav+s agree t x c\ld h be5 engrav$ by ,rev]e b are unable to /ate x positively4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t ! entry 9 ,rev]e's day book indicates t he m]ely pr9t$ ! compass c>ds = ,w>r5 & t he did n engrave a plate4 ,! *>ge = ! "w be>s out ?is supposition2 & fur!rmore1 ,rev]e's bills seem$ to make a def9ite di/9ction betwe5 ! engrav+ ( plates & actual pr9ts4 ,:e!r or n ,rev]e 0 responsible = mak+ ! orig9al engrav+ rema9s to be det]m9$1 b x is v probable t he pr9t$ ! compass c>d ( ! in/rum5t 9 ! ,/reet] ,collection ( ,weights & ,measures at ,yale4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #fc4--,page f ! day books ( ,paul ,rev]e ) entry = ! pr9t+ ( compass c>ds = ,b5jam9 ,w>r5 ( ,plym\?4 ,9 collection ( ,massa*usetts ,hi/orical ,society1 ,bo/on4 ,daniel ,burnap ,"o ( ! be/ kn[n & mo/ respect$ names among ,connecticut clockmak]s is t ( ,daniel ,burnap 7#agei-ahch7 ( ,ea/ ,w9dsor4 ,burnap 0 born 9 ,cov5try 9 #agei & s]v$ an appr5tice%ip ) ,?omas ,h>l&1 clockmak] ( ,norwi*4 ,9 ab\t #aghj ,burnap op5$ 8 own e/abli%m5t1 :]e he comb9$ ! crafts ( clockmak+1 cab9etmak+1 & engrav+ ( brass1 9 all ( :i* he 0 greatly skill$4 ,"o ( 8 appr5tices 0 ,eli ,t]ry1 :o lat] a*iev$ fame 9 ! craft 9 8 own "r4#aah ,burnap's bus9ess includ$ cli5ts 9 ,w9dsor1 ,h>t=d1 & ,cov5try1 z well z "s ( ! lead+ m]*ants & cab9etmak]s ( ! ne>by cities & t[ns4 ,al?\gh clockmak+ 0 ! prim>y bus9ess 9 :i* ,burnap engag$1 he also _h a l>ge trade = 8 survey+ in/rum5ts1 silv] spoons1 gold beads1 h>ness & saddl]y h>dw>e1 & %oe buckles4 ,burnap prosp]$1 & 9 ab\t #ahjj he mov$ back to 8 native t[n1 ,cov5try4 ,!re he pur*as$ a l>ge f>m & erect$ a %op & a sawmill1 & 9 due c\rse became ! lead+ citiz5 ( ! community4 ,he di$ 9 #ahch1 leav+ a valuable te*nological record 9 ! complet5ess ( 8 j\rnals & acc\nt books4 ,a /udy ( ! entries ( 8 day books & l$g]s 7see fig4 #fd7 reveals t ,burnap did a sub/antial am\nt ( bus9ess 9 survey+ compasses1 *a9s1 & protractors4 ,among 8 %op equipm5t aft] 8 dea? !re 0 f\nd an unf9i%$ protractor1 b no examples ( 8 in/rum5ts are kn[n except = a compass dial1 inscrib$ ) 8 "n1 t 0 discov]$ rec5tly 9 ! collection ( a midwe/]n hi/orical society4#aai ,x is significant to note t ,burnap made in/rum5ts ( v>y+ quality4 ,= in/ance1 he *>g$ ?ree diff]5t prices = 8 surveyor's compasses4 ,! highe/-pric$ compasses co/ ,l#f2 !y 7 made ( brass1 & 7 ( ! m elaborate conv5tional type us$ by surveyors4 ,a few examples t appe>$ 9 8 records co/ ,l#d2 ^! also 7 made ( brass1 b probably 7 ( a simpl] =m4 ,sev]al entries li/ survey+ compasses pric$ at ,l#b & ,l#b_/h4 ,"o ( ^! 0 made = ,capt4 ,solomon ,dewie 7#agej-ahac7 9 ,septemb] #agij = ,l#b_/h4 ,at ! same "t1 ,burnap *>g$ him ,l#j_/a_/f = t\*+ ! ne$le ( ano!r compass4#abj ,! entries 9 ,burnap's acc\nt books d n /ate t ^! inexp5sive compasses 7 con/ruct$ ( wood1 b x seems to be suffici5tly conclusive t !y 74 ,gurdon ,hunt+ton ,gurdon ,hunt+ton 7#agfc-ahjd7 0 n prim>ily a mak] ( sci5tific in/rum5ts1 b he 0 e/abli%$ z a goldsmi? & clockmak]4 ,he 0 born 9 ,w9dham1 ,connecticut1 on ,april #cj1 #agfc1 ! son ( ,hezekiah & ,submit 7,murdock7 ,hunt+ton4#aba ,illu/ration3 ,figure #fd4--;,entry 9 ! manuscript l$g]s ( ,daniel ,burnap 7#agei-ahch7 ( ,ea/ ,w9dsor & ,cov5try1 ,connecticut1 = sale ( survey+ compass 9 #agij4 ,reproduc$ f ! ,burnap %op records 9 ! collection ( ,connecticut ,hi/orical ,society1 ,h>t=d4 ,! ,hunt+ton family 0 "o ( ! mo/ important 9 ,connecticut colonial hi/ory4 ,gurdon's fa!r1 ,hezekiah1 0 9 s]vice dur+ ! ,revolution>y ,w>1 go+ to ,bo/on z a major ) ! fir/ troops rais$ 9 ,connecticut4 ,:5 9 ,bo/on he witness$ ! mis]able condition ( ! arms !n 9 ! h&s ( ! soldi]s4 ,major ,hunt+ton w5t imm$iately to ,philadelphia1 :]e ,congress 0 9 session1 & propos$ to ! ,congress t he w\ld return to 8 home 9 ,w9dham & t !re he w\ld op5 a manufactory = repair+ muskets & o!r arms4 ,he claim$ to h be5 ! fir/ man to h made a gun 9 ! ,colonies4 ,gurdon 0 too "y to h s]v$ 9 ! ,revolution1 b he und\bt$ly work$ 9 8 fa!r's gun manufactory z a boy4 ,9 due c\rse he le>n$ ! trades ( goldsmi? & clockmak] & e/abli%$ 8 own %op 9 ,w9dham1 :i*1 accord+ to an adv]tisem5t 7fig4 #fe7 9 ,! ,connecticut ,gazette ( ,june #aa1 #aghd1 0 a few rods nor? ( ,major ,eb5ez] ,backus' /ore4 ,on ,*ri/mas ,day1 #aghe1 ,gurdon 0 m>ri$ 9 ,new ,london to ,temp]ance ,williams ( ,groton4 ,9 #aghi _! fir/ *ild1 ,m>v91 0 born1 & 9 ,octob] ( ! same ye> ! ,hunt+tons mov$ f ,w9dham to ,walpole1 ,new ,hamp%ire4 ,no reason c be f\nd = ! move1 o!r ?an ! possibility t ,gurdon might h anticipat$ great] opportunity 9 ! new community4 ,!re he appli$ himself to 8 trade z goldsmi? & clockmak]1 b app>5tly he 0 n v successful4 ,8 family grew1 & by ! "t ( 8 dea? !re 7 eight *ildr54 ,possibly 9 an ef=t to supplem5t 8 income1 ,hunt+ton s]v$ z po/ma/] ( ! community4 ,9 ab\t #agig1 sev5 or eight ye>s aft] he _h mov$ to ,walpole1 8 fa!r & "m jo9$ him !re1 & x is believ$ t ,major ,hezekiah may h work$ z a gunsmi? dur+ t p]iod4 ,ev5tually ! s5ior ,hunt+ton return$ to ,w9dham1 ,connecticut1 :]e he di$ 9 #ahjg4abb ,mean:ile ,gurdon ,hunt+ton /ruggl$ on until 8 dea? on ,july #bf1 #ahjd4 ,he di$ insolv5t1 :i* creat$ a consid]able problem 9 view ( ! l>ge family he left beh9d him4 ,hunt+ton's e/ate 0 adm9i/]$ by ,asa ,sibley1 a clockmak] 9 ,walpole4 ,sibley _h mov$ to ,walpole f 8 home 9 ,wood/ock1 ,connecticut1 9 ! #agij's & he rema9$ !re until #ahjh1 :5 he aga9 return$ to ,wood/ock4 ,gurdon ,hunt+ton's wid[ remov$ to ,bloomfield1 ,ohio1 ) h] *ildr51 & %e di$ !re on ,may #be1 #ahbc4 ,mo/ ( h] *ildr5 settl$ 9 ,bloomfield1 b sev]al ( !m mov$ to ,new ,h>t=d1 ,new ,york4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #fe4--;,adv]tisem5t ( ,gurdon ,hunt+ton 7#agfc-ahjd7 9 ,! ,connecticut ,gazette1 ,june #aa1 #aghd4 ,9 collection ( ,connecticut ,hi/orical ,society1 ,h>t=d4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ff4--,views ( wood5 survey+ compass made by ,gurdon ,hunt+ton1 clockmak] 9 ,walpole1 ,new ,hamp%ire1 betwe5 #aghi-ahjd4 ,made ( *]ry ) fold+ brass sight+ b>s1 ! in/rum5t is #ad 94 long & #e-a_/b 94 wide4 ,9 collection ( ! writ]4 ,sev]al examples ( ,hunt+ton's clocks are kn[n to exi/ 9 private collections 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,h[ev]1 only "o example ( 8 sci5tific in/rum5ts appe>s to h surviv$4 ,?is is a survey+ compass 7fig4 #ff7 made ( wood1 ) brass sight+ b>s & a pa9t$ dial "u glass ) a /eel ne$le4 ,! dial is inscrib$ ,g4 ,,hunt+ton_/,,walpole4 ,! in/rum5t1 :i* is 9 ! collection ( ! writ]1 is made ( *]ry wood1 ) a rivet$ ball-&-socket jo9t ( brass = ins]tion on a tripod4 ,illu/ration ,j$idiah ,baldw9 ,j$idiah ,baldw9 7fl4 #agij's7 0 ano!r e>ly ,new ,engl& clock & in/rum5t mak]1 b little is kn[n ( 8 e>ly life4 ,he 0 a bro!r ( ,jabes ,baldw9 7c4 #aggg-ahbi71 :o work$ z a clockmak] 9 ,salem & ,bo/on aft] s]v+ an appr5tice%ip ) ,?omas ,h>l& 9 ,norwi*1 ,connecticut4 ,j$idiah ,baldw9 also s]v$ an appr5tice%ip ) ,h>l&4 ,9 #agia he 0 work+ 9 ,nor?ampton1 ,massa*usetts1 z a memb] ( ! firm ( ,/iles & ,baldw91 & f #agib to #agid he 0 a memb] ( ! firm ( ,/iles & ,/orrs1 9 p>tn]%ip ) ,na?an ,/orrs4#abc ,9 ab\t #agid ,baldw9 mov$ to ,hanov]1 ,new ,hamp%ire1 :]e he became ! local po/ma/]1 & :]e ,d>tm\? ,college records 8 dea?4 ,only "o exi/+ in/rum5t is kn[n to h be5 made by ,baldw92 x is a wood5 survey+ compass ) a brass dial hav+ two scales1 "o = degrees & "o = eight divisions p] #ij deg44 ,! dial is inscrib$ ,,j$ ,,baldw9_/,,hanov]4 ,accord+ to its pres5t own]1 ,mr4 ,wor? ,%amp5y ( ,ro*e/]1 ,v]mont1 ! compass 0 us$ = survey+ 9 ,v]mont dur+ ! e>ly #ahjj's4 ,ano!r ,j$idiah ,baldw9 work$ z a clockmak] 9 ,morrisville1 ,new ,york1 f #ahah-ahbj & !n 9 ,fairfield1 ,new ,york2 he appe>s also 9 ! city directory ( ,ro*e/]1 ,new ,york1 z a clockmak] dur+ ! ye>s #ahcd-ahdd4 ,he may h be5 a son or gr&son ( ! fir/ ,j$idiah1 or a nephew4 ,?omas ,salt] ,b[les ,?omas ,salt] ,b[les 7c4 #agfe-87 is ano!r elusive ,new ,engl& in/rum5t mak] ab\t :om little in=mation is available4 ,he is believ$ to h be5 ! son ( ,deacon ,samuel & ,hannah 7,salt]7 ,b[les1 born 9 ,portsm\?1 ,new ,hamp%ire1 probably betwe5 #agfe & #aggj4 ,8 fa!r 0 born 9 #agci2 8 "m1 :o 0 ! daught] ( ,capta9 ,titus ,salt]1 0 born 9 #agdh & di$ 9 #ahca4abd ,deacon ,b[les 0 cl]k ( ! ,brick ,m>ket 9 ,portsm\? f #ahja to ! "t ( 8 dea?1 ,novemb] #c1 #ahjb4 ,!re is a m9imum ( in=mation available f *ur* & city records 9 ! community1 b x is believ$ t he 0 a memb] ( "o ( ! (f%oots ( ! e/abli%$ ,puritan ,*ur*1 & h5ce he w\ld n appe> 9 its records4 ,he kept ! l[] s*ool 9 ! ,brick ,s*ool ,h\se on ,/ate ,/reet = a numb] ( ye>s4 ,x is believ$ t ! ,b[les family fir/ came to ,portsm\? dur+ ! few ye>s imm$iately be=e ! beg9n+ ( ! ,revolution>y ,w>4 ,x is kn[n t a ,?omas ,b[les & a ,samuel ,b[les bo? sign$ ! ,association ,te/ on ,augu/ #ad1 #aggf1 promis+ to oppose ! ho/ile proce$+s ( ! ,briti% fleets & armies4 ,fur!rmore1 "o ( ! pr9cipal taxpay]s 9 ,portsm\? 9 #aggj 0 a firm nam$ ,griffi? & ,b[les1 :i* paid ,l#ag 9 taxes 9 #aggj4 ,! "n ( ! ,b[les :o =m$ "p ( ?is firm is n kn[n1 b x 0 ei!r ,samuel or ! fir/ ,?omas ,b[les4 ,! o!r p>tn] 0 ,na?aniel ,s4 ,griffi?1 a wat*mak]4 ,x is possible t a tradition ( in/rum5t mak+ exi/$ 9 ! ,b[les family ev5 !n4#abe ,on file 9 ! (fice ( ! ,city ,cl]k 9 ,portsm\? are two c]tificates ( m>riage made out by ,?omas ,salt] ,b[les4 ,! fir/ is = 8 m>riage to ,hannah ,ham1 a c]emony p]=m$ on ,septemb] #ba1 #ahji1 by ,joseph ,walton1 "o ( ! pa/ors ( a *ur* diss5t+ f ! ,puritan regime4 ,hannah 0 ! daught] ( ,william ,ham1 a bro!r ( ,supply ,ham 7#aghh-ahfb71 a not$ local clockmak]4 ,b[les may h s]v$ an appr5tice%ip 9 t %op be=e he m>ri$ ,hannah4 ,two o!r memb]s ( ! ,ham family--,george ,ham & ,h5ry ,h4 ,ham--work$ z wat*mak]s 9 ,portsm\? 9 ! same p]iod4 ,a se>* ( ! cemet]ies has indicat$ t ,hannah ,ham ,b[les di$ 9 #ahaa1 age #bj4 ,%e is buri$ ) h] infant son 9 ,nor? ,cemet]y4#abf ,?omas ,b[les's second m>riage c]tificate 9 ,portsm\? is = 8 m>riage on ,septemb] #bi1 #ahac--two ye>s aft] ,hannah's dea?--to ,abiah ,em]ly ,bradley ( ,hav]hill1 ,massa*usetts4 ,little is kn[n ab\t ! "w ( ,b[les z an in/rum5t mak] except ?r\gh a few ( 8 in/rum5ts4 ,he is li/$ 9 ! fir/ ,portsm\? directory1 ( #ahba1 z a ma!matical in/rum5t mak] ) a place ( bus9ess on ,daniel ,/reet2 8 home 0 giv5 z ,au/9 ,/reet 9 ,portsm\?4 ,he did n appe> 9 ! city's directories ( #ahbg & #ahcd4 ,x is assum$ t he may h left ,portsm\? 9 ! int]im1 possibly to settle 9 8 wife's home t[n ( ,hav]hill4 ,?ree in/rum5ts sign$ by ,b[les h surviv$1 & all %[ signs ( consid]able we>4 ,!y are survey+ compasses made ( walnut1 hav+ maple sight+ b>s & a silv]$ brass v]ni] set "u ! glass4 ,two examples1 "o 9 ! ,/reet] ,collection ( ,weights & ,measures at ,yale ,univ]sity & "o own$ by ?is writ] are almo/ id5tical 9 size1 =m1 & details4 ,! only v>iation is t ! ,yale example 7fig4 #fg7 has a bubble level "u a brass /rip set into "o end1 an item lack+ 9 ! o!r example 7fig4 #fh74 ,! compass c>d1 made f a l9e engrav+1 is id5tical 9 ea* ( ! ?ree examples4 ,a floriat$ fleur-de-lis on ! ,nor? po9t has a compass & squ>e at its base1 & ! "n ,t4 ,s4 ,,b[les is on a rib& ov] x4 ,adorn+ ! ,ea/ po9t is an ,am]ican eagle be>+ a %ield ) />s & /ripes & clut*+ arr[s 9 "o claw & a laurel twig 9 ! o!r4 ,9 a r+ )9 ! c5tral m$allion is inscrib$ 7see fig4 #fh71 99 ,t4 ,s4 ,,b[les 99 ,,portsm\?1 ,n4,h4 99 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #fg4--,wood5 survey+ compass made by ,?omas ,salt] ,b[les ( ,portsm\?1 ,new ,hamp%ire4 ,) _s level4 ,made ( bir*1 ! compass is #ac 94 long & has a diamet] ( #f 94 ,9 ! ,/reet] ,collection ( ,weights & ,measures1 ,yale ,univ]sity4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ ( ! ?ree in/rum5ts 0 acquir$ by ! ,d>tm\? ,museum z "p ( a collection ( ! late ,frank ,c4 ,*ur*ill1 an inspector 9 ! ,indian ,s]vice4 ,! in/rum5t 7fig4 #fi7 is a qu>t] circle ) a compass 9 its c5t] & sight+ b>s m\nt$ on a sw++ arm t reads ! angle ( ! brass scale on ! arc by means ( a v]ni]4 ,x is m\nt$ on a wood5 tripod ) ! cu/om>y ball-&-socket jo9t1 :i* p]mits x to be plac$ on a v]tical plane4 ,a built-9 plumb bob at ! side helps to e/abli% ! v]tical4#abg ,int]e/+ features ( ?is in/rum5t are two inscriptions engrav$ on ! brass /rip on ! top ( ! dial4 ,"o /ates t x 0 ,,inv5t$ ,,by ,p4 ,,m]rill ,,esq4 & ! o!r relates t x 0 ,,made ,,by ,,john ,,k5n>d ,,newm>ket4 ,no in=mation ab\t ,p4 ,m]rill has be5 f\nd1 & x is presum$ t x 0 he :o conceiv$ ! idea ( comb9+ ! v>i\s elem5ts into a s+le in/rum5t & t x 0 made "u 8 direction by ,k5n>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #fh4--,wood5 survey+ compass made by ,?omas ,salt] ,b[les 7#agfe_/gj-po/ #ahba7 ( ,portsm\?1 ,new ,hamp%ire4 ,made ( walnut1 x is #ab 94 long & has a diamet] ( #e-c_/h 94 ,) walnut sight+ b>s4 ,9 collection ( writ]4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,figure #fi4--,wood5 survey+ in/rum5t inscrib$ ,inv5t$ by ,p4 ,m]rill1 ,esq4 & ,made by ,john ,k5n>d1 ,newm>ket4 ,made ( walnut1 #g-c_/d 94 long2 9 its orig9al p9e case1 ) cov]4 ,! compass c>d & dial 7see opposite7 7 made by ,?omas ,salt] ,b[les ( ,portsm\?4 ,9 ,frank ,c4 ,*ur*ill ,collection1 ,d>tm\? ,college ,museum1 ,hanov]1 ,new ,hamp%ire4 ,"s data on ,k5n>d is available 9 a hi/ory ( ,newfields 7=m]ly ,newm>ket7 by ,rev]5d ,fitts4 ,john ,k5n>d 0 born 9 ,kitt]y1 ,ma9e1 9 #aghb4 ,he le>n$ ! trade ( clockmak] 9 ,portsm\?1 ,new ,hamp%ire1 presumably work+ ) ! memb]s ( ! ,ham family or o!rs4 ,on ,july #c1 #ahjf1 he m>ri$ ,s>ah ,ew]4 ,he liv$ = v>i\s p]iods 9 ,na%ua & ,concord be=e mov+ to ,newfields 9 #ahab4 ,he liv$ 9 ! ,palm] h\se 7:i* 0 burn$ 9 ,septemb] #ahii71 & he kept a /ore 9 ! little community & also s]v$ z its po/ma/] f #ahbb to #ahbd4 ,! po/ (fice 0 ! only public (fice 9 ! t[n until ! cotton mills 7 built on ! ,lamprey ,riv] 9 #ahbc4 ,k5n>d lat] built & occupi$ ! ,k5n>d h\se on ,piscassic ,/reet1 :i* 0 subsequ5tly own$ by ,j]emiah ,t[le & has s9ce be5 burn$4 ,9 ,decemb] #ahcj he e/abli%$ an iron f\ndry toge!r ) ,temple ,paul & ! ,drake family1 b 9 #ahcd he sold 8 int]e/ to ,amos ,paul & o!rs4 ,he 0 ! fa!r ( six *ildr5 & he di$ 9 #ahfa4 ,dur+ 8 lifetime he _h specializ$ 9 mak+ tall case & banjo clocks4#abh ,! ,new ,era ,! beg9n+ ( ! #ai? c5tury saw increas$ trad+ & %ipp+ result+ f ! economic developm5t ( ! new republic1 & ! we/w>d surge br\ght increas$ preoccupation ) ! settlem5t ( communities & ! developm5t ( l& areas4 ,z a consequ5ce1 ! dem& = in/rum5ts likewise increas$4 ,:]eas dur+ ! #ah? c5tury & until "s "t aft] ! end ( ! ,revolution>y ,w> probably n m ?an a doz5 in/rum5t mak]s & deal]s are kn[n to h emigrat$ f ,engl& or else:]e to make _! homes & c>e]s 9 ! ,am]ican ,colonies1 ! beg9n+ ( ! #ai? c5tury saw sub/antial numb]s ( ,engli% & ,fr5* in/rum5t mak]s & deal]s immigrate to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 to e/abli% %ops 9 ! major c5t]s ( trade4 ,& :]eas ! names ( sc>cely a hundr$ ma!matical-in/rum5t mak]s :o work$ 9 ! ,am]ican ,colonies dur+ ! #ah? c5tury are kn[n today1 ! names ( hundr$s ( simil> #ai?-c5tury craftsm5 & deal]s are to be f\nd4 ,z ,d]ek ,price#abi has s cog5tly /at$3 ,= sci5tific in/rum5t mak]s1 "o ne$ only exam9e ! n9ete5? c5tury city directories ( ,bo/on1 ,philadelphia & ,new ,york to f9d hundr$s ( names ( craftsm5 & firms4 ,x is1 to be sure1 an antiqu>ian rese>*1 = "o does n expect to f9d great discov]ies com+ f ^! p4 ,b j z 9 ,europe1 x is a popul\s trade1 influ5tial 9 ! gr[? ( sci5ce & highly effective 9 spread+ & int5sify+ ! it* = +5i\s in/rum5ts & devices4 ,x is by ^! m5 t ! basic skills ( ! ,indu/rial ,revolution 7 populat$4444 ,by su* means did ,am]ican sci5ce & te*nology come ( age4 ,! ,national ,collection ,e>ly ,am]ican ,sci5tific ,in/rum5ts & ,relat$ ,mat]ials 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum1 ,li/$ by ,mak]s & ,us]s ,,adams1 ,,george2 ,fleet ,/reet1 ,london4 7,see ,ellicott1 ,&rew2 ,survey+ ,in/rum5t47 ,,b>d91 ,w4 ,t4 ,m42 #af ,salisbury ,squ>e1 ,fleet ,/reet1 ,london4 7,see ,prie/ley1 ,joseph3 ,globes47 ,,b5net1 ,n4 7fl4 #aggg72 ,middleboro1 ,mass41 or ,middleboro1 ,pa4 ,alidade1 plane table1 scale #g-g_/h 94 radius1 compass #e-c_/h 94 long4 ,brass scale & sights ) compass 9 wood5 box4 ,in/rum5t inscrib$ ,n4 ,b5net--,middlebor #aggg4 ,al?\gh ! "n ( ?is in/rum5t mak] does n appe> on li/ ( ,engli% or ,am]ican mak]s1 x is believ$ t he 0 ,am]ican4 ,,usnm #caijgf4 ,,ellicott1 ,,&rew 7#aged-ahbj72 ,baltimore1 ,md4 ,in/rum5t ,box = a/ronomical in/rum5ts4 ,made ( rosewood1 ) a h+$ top1 gre5 felt und]l9+1 brass lock1 size #c 94 by #c 94 by #aa 94 ,own$ & us$ by ,&rew ,ellicott = /orage & transportation ( small a/ronomical equipm5t4 ,gift ( ,john ,e4 ,reynolds1 ,ellicott's great-gr&son1 ( ,meadville1 ,pa41 9 #aicb4 ,,usnm #cajdah4 ,j\rnal & ,a/ronomical ,notebook1 manuscript writt5 by ,&rew ,ellicott :ile locat+ ! ,u4,s4 b\nd>y l9e betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! ,spani% t]ritory ( ,florida1 #agig-ahja4 ,conta9s day-by-day entries ( exp]i5ces1 field notes1 & calculations made by ,ellicott4 ,! major "p ( ! manuscript 0 publi%$ 9 ,! ,j\rnal ( ,&rew ,ellicott4#acj ,b\nd volume ) br[n lea!r cov]s1 end op5+1 m>k$ ,&4 ,ellicott1 #f-a_/b 94 by #h 94 by #b 94 ,fir/ page has signature ,&rew ,ellicott #aghh4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #gj4--,pages f manuscript ,j\rnal & ,a/ronomical ,notebook 7,,usnm #cajdag7 writt5 by ,&rew ,ellicott :ile locat+ ! b\nd>y betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! ,spani% t]ritory ( ,florida4 ,^! pages relate to ! obs]vations made 9 #agii at ! cord ( ! guide l9e on ,mobile ,riv] = det]m9+ ! latitude4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ga4--;,fold+ plate f ,&rew ,ellicott's ,j\rnal & ,a/ronomical ,notebook 7,,usnm #cajdag71 relat+ ! results ( obs]vations made 9 ,febru>y #ahjj ) ! l>ge & small sectors = det]m9+ ,ellicott's position on ,/4 ,m>y's ,riv]4 ,=m]ly ! prop]ty ( ,ellicott's elde/ daught]1 ,jane ,judi? ,ellicott1 f :om x pass$ to h] y\nge/ son1 ,william ,reynolds4 ,x 0 inh]it$ by ! latt]'s son1 ,john ,reynolds ( ,meadville1 ,pa41 :o pres5t$ x z a gift to ! ,u4,s4 ,national ,museum 9 #aicb4 ,,usnm #cajdag4 ,,figures #gj1 #ga4 ,pocket ,slate #g-a_/d 94 long & #d 94 wide1 ) wood5 frame #g-a_/d 94 long & #d 94 wide4 ,slate #e-c_/d 94 long & #b-a_/b 94 wide4 ,"p ( field equipm5t us$ by ,ellicott4 ,gift ( ,*>les ,ellicott ( ,dansville1 ,n4,y41 9 #aifj4 ,,usnm #cahbib4 ,quadrant ( brass made & us$ by ,ellicott4 ,quadrant has a radius ( #ab 941 is on a /& #ag 94 high1 & has ! orig9al l5ses4 ,simple con/ruction ) easy adju/m5t1 accompli%$ by means ( two plumb l9es4 ,a tang5t screw = sl[ motions 0 design$ & add$ 9 #ahhe by ,&rew ,ellicott ,d\glass1 ,ellicott's gr&son4 ,in/rum5t 0 made by ,ellicott ab\t #agij & 0 us$ 9 runn+ ! s\!rn b\nd>y ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #agif & #ahjj1 & on o!r surveys4 ,deposit ( ,&rew ,ellicott ,d\glass ( ,tucson1 ,ariz41 9 #aica4 ,,usnm #aebjha4 ,,figure #gb4 ,survey+ ,in/rum5t1 ) brass disk #aj-a_/b 94 9 diamet] laid (f 9 degrees1 m9utes1 & seconds ) v]ni] po9ts4 ,two telescopes1 "o fix$ & ! o!r revolv+4 ,! in/rum5t is m\nt$ on a tripod or ,jacob's /aff by means ( a socket on ! und]side4 ,complete ) orig9al pa9t$ p9e case4 ,! "n ( ! mak]1 ,g4 ,adams ,london1 is engrav$ on ! dial4 ,george ,adams 7#agjd-aggc7 0 ma!matical in/rum5t mak] to ,k+ ,george ,,iii4 ,aft] s]v+ an appr5tice%ip f #agah1 he made in/rum5ts = ! ,ea/ ,india ,company 9 #agce & #agcf1 & e/abli%$ a %op at ,ty*o ,brahe's ,head at ! corn] ( ,raquet ,c\rt1 ,fleet ,/reet4 ,he specializ$ 9 t]re/rial & cele/ial globes & microscopes4 ,foll[+ 8 dea? he 0 succe$$ 9 bus9ess by 8 son ,george ,adams ! ,y\ng] 7#agej-agie71 :o also s]v$ z ma!matical-in/rum5t mak] to ! k+4 ,?is in/rum5t is believ$ by ! donor to h be5 us$ by ei!r ,&rew ,ellicott or by 8 son-9-law ,david ,bates ,d\glass4 ,gift ( ,*>les ,b4 ,curtis ( ,lit*field1 ,conn41 9 #aide4 ,,usnm #cabicb4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #gb4--;,brass quadrant made by ,&rew ,ellicott ab\t #agij & us$ = runn+ ! s\!rn b\nd>y ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ab\t #agif & #ahjj1 & on lat] surveys4 ,,usnm #aebjha4 ,telescope1 consi/+ ( a brass tube #c-a_/b 94 long ) an ap]ture ( #b-c_/d 942 on its orig9al brass tripod1 ) a s]viceable altazimu? m\nt+4 ,late #ah? c5tury4 ,made by ,w4 ,s4 ,jones_/#ace ,holborn_/,london4 ,! firm ( ,w4 ,s4 ,jones 0 a p>tn]%ip ( two bro!rs1 ,samuel & ,william ,jones1 opticians1 :o work$ at #cj ,l[] ,holborn & at #ace ,holborn 9 ,london1 f #agic4 ,!y b\ght ! copyright to ! books ( ,george ,adams1 & subsequ5tly l>gely c>ri$ on ! orig9al bus9ess ( ! ,adams in/rum5t mak]s4 ,9 ,! ,j\rnal ( ,&rew ,ellicott its au?or describes ?is in/rum5t z ! fir/ ( ,two ,acromatic ,telescopes = ,tak+ signals1 ) slid+ tubes1 "o ( !m drew out to upw>ds ( #d feet1 & ! o!r to ab\t #ae in*es1 ! latt] = its l5g? is rem>kably good1 x %[s ! satellites ( ,jupit] v di/9ctly4 ,deposit ( ,&rew ,ellicott ,d\glass ( ,tucson1 ,ariz41 9 #ahii4 ,,usnm #aebjhb4 ,,figure #gc4 ,telescope1 draw type1 made ( brass ) acromatic l5s1 l5g? #aa 94 ,incomplete1 & mak] n kn[n4 ,! second ( ! in/rum5ts describ$ 9 ,! ,j\rnal ( ,&rew ,ellicott z an acromatic telescope4 ,us$ = tak+ signals1 ) slid+ tubes1 :i* draw out to ab\t #ae 94 ,x 0 consid]$ to be rem>kably good = its l5g?1 & %[$ ! satellites ( ,jupit] v di/9ctly4 ,gift ( ,&rew ,ellicott ,d\glass ( ,flag/aff1 ,ariz41 9 #aica4 ,,usnm #aebjhe4 ,transit & ,equal ,altitude ,in/rum5t1 made entirely ( brass1 ) orig9al l5s n[ brok54 ,! in/rum5t is describ$ by ,ellicott 9 ! foll[+ extract f ,! ,j\rnal ( ,&rew ,ellicott3 ,prep>atory to beg9n+ ! t5 mile squ>e ( ,wa%+ton a ,m]idian 0 trac$ at ,jones' ,po9t on ! ,we/ ( ! ,potomac4 ,f ?is ,m]idian an angle ( #de degrees 0 laid (f ,nor? ,we/]ly & a /raight l9e cont9u$ 9 t direction t5 miles4444 ,f ! t]m9ation ( ?is second l9e a ?ird mak+ a "r angle ) x 0 c>ri$ ,s\?-,ea/]ly t5 miles3 & f ! beg9n+ on ,jones' ,po9t a f\r? 0 c>ri$ t5 miles to ! t]m9ation ( ! ?ird4 ,^! l9es 7 measur$ ) a *a9 :i* 0 exam9$ & correct$ daily1 & plumb$ :5ev] ! gr\nd 0 unev51 & trac$ ) a transit & equal altitude in/rum5t :i* ,i con/ruct$ & execut$ 9 #aghi & us$ 9 runn+ ! ,we/]n b\nd>y ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york4 ,?is in/rum5t 0 simil> to t describ$ by ,le ,monni] 9 8 preface to ! ,fr5* ,hi/oire ,cele/e4 444 ,all ! l9es 9 ?is city 9 :i* ,i h be5 conc]n$ 7 trac$ ) ! same in/rum5t :i* ,i us$ on ! l9es ( ! t5 mile squ>e b z ! ,nor!rn "p 0 n f9i%$ :5 ,i left t place1 ,i _c pret5d to say :at me?od has s9ce be5 pursu$4 ,deposit ( ,&rew ,ellicott ,d\glass ( ,flag/aff1 ,ariz41 9 #aica4 ,,usnm #aebjhj4 ,,figure #aj4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #gc4--,telescope us$ by ,&rew ,ellicott = 8 survey ( ! b\nd>y betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! ,spani% t]ritory ( ,florida4 ,! in/rum5t is sign$ ,w4 ,s4 ,jones1 #ace ,holborn1 ,london4 ,,usnm #aebjhb4 ,,ellis1 ,,orange ,,w>n] 7#ah? c5tury74 ,!odolite1 ab\t #aghj1 brass2 horizontal circle #e 941 v]tical circle #e 941 telescope #g-a_/b 941 compass #c 942 _s level set into compass c>d2 _s level atta*$ to telescope2 fix$ v]tical circle2 unsign$4 ,us$ by ,orange ,w>n] ,ellis ab\t #aghj 9 ! survey+ ( ! b\nd>y betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,canada1 ! area :i* is n[ ,v]mont4 ,acquir$ f ,miss ,m>y ,n4 ,ellis ( ,*icago1 ,ill41 9 #aibi4 ,,usnm #cjieif4 ,,figure #gd4 ,,frye1 ,,joseph 7fl4 #agfb-aghc71 ,fryeburg1 ,ma9e4 ,manuscript ,booklet ( ,tables ,useful 9 ,survey+ ,l&1 made & pres5t$ by ,joseph ,frye to 8 son1 ,joseph ,frye1 ,jr41 ,novemb] #ah1 ,a4 ,d4 #aghc4 ,size #f-a_/d 94 by #c-g_/h 941 #af pages1 pap] cov]s1 m>k$ ,fryeburg ,joseph ,frye ,,ad ,,mdcclxxxiii4 ,loan f ,laurits ,c4 ,ei*n] ( ,clifton1 ,new ,j]sey1 9 #aieg4 ,,usnm #caejfb4 ,,figure #de4 7,see ,gre5\gh1 ,?omas1 = survey+ compass us$ by ,joseph ,frye47 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #gd4--,!odolite us$ by ,orange ,w>n] ,ellis ab\t #aghj = survey+ b\nd>y betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,canada 9 ! area :i* is n[ ,v]mont4 ,,usnm #cjieif4 ,,gre5\gh1 ,,?omas 7#agaj-aghe71 ,bo/on1 ,mass4 ,survey+ ,compass1 made ( hickory ) engrav$ pap] compass c>d4 ,ov]-all l5g? #aa ft42 dial #e-a_/b 94 9 diamet]4 ,c5tral m$allion on c>d depicts man along %orel9e us+ a ,davis quadrant ) a s*oon] (f%ore1 ) t\*es ( r$4 ,inscrib$ 9 gilt 9 b& ar\nd c5tral m$allion3 ,made & ,sold by ,,?omas ,,gre5\gh1 ,bo/on1 ,new ,eng4 ,us$ by ,joseph ,frye 9 #agfb = survey+ 8 l& grant 9 :at is n[ ,fryeburg1 ,ma9e4 ,loan f ,laurits ,c4 ,ei*n]1 ,clifton1 ,n4,j41 9 #aieg4 ,,usnm #caejja4 ,,figure #dd4 7,see also1 ,frye1 ,joseph1 manuscript booklet ( ,tables ,useful = ,survey+ ,l& 4447 ,,hagg]1 ,,william ,,guyse1 7,c4 #agdh8-ahcj871 ,newport1 ,r4,i4 ,back/aff1 or ,davis ,quadrant1 ab\t #agfj-aggj1 made ( d>k wood ) scales & sights ( boxwood1 #be 94 long1 #ad 94 wide at l>ge arc & #e 94 wide at small arc4 ,inscrib$ z foll[s3 ,wm ,g4 ,hagg] ,newpt ,r4 ,isl&_/,= ,mr----4 ,! "n ( ! orig9al own] has be5 block$ out by ! ins]tion ( a piece ( ivory4 ,?is quadrant 0 acquir$ f ,mrs4 ,c>ola ,pa9e ( ,be!l1 ,conn41 9 #aifa4 ,,usnm #caijbi4 ,,figure #ei4 ,davis quadrants sign$ by ,hagg] are 9 ! ,com/ock ,memorial ,collection ( ! ,rhode ,isl& ,hi/orical ,society 7dat$ #aggf72 9 ! ,%epley ,libr>y 9 ,provid5ce1 ,r4,i4 7dat$ #agfh72 & 9 ! ,peabody ,museum at ,salem1 ,mass4 7dat$ #agge74 ,also 9 ! ,u4,s4 ,national ,museum is an unsign$ quadrant 7,,usnm #aghige7 t is almo/ id5tical 9 detail to ! "o sign$ by ,hagg]4 ,x is ! gift ( ,a4 ,r4 ,critt5d51 ,middlet[n1 ,conn4 ,ano!r almo/ id5tical in/rum5t1 9 ! collection ( ! ,frankl9 ,in/itute1 is sign$ ,c4 ,elliott1 ,new ,london1 #agfd2 x diff]s f ! o!r two only 9 t a l5s is comb9$ 9 ! middle sight4 ,,holbe*]1 ,,john1 7fl4 #agch74 ,back/aff1 or ,davis ,quadrant1 ( d>k wood ) boxwood scales & vanes4 ,l5g? #be-a_/b 942 l>ge arc #ae 94 ,inscrib$ ,made by ,john ,holbe*]_/ ,= ,capt4 ,joseph ,swan--#agch4 ,holbe*] is n li/$ z an ,engli% or ,am]ican in/rum5t mak]1 b x is believ$ t ! in/rum5t is ,am]ican4 ,acquir$ f ,b]n ,c4 ,rit*ie ,co41 ,*icago1 ,ill41 9 #aifj4 ,,usnm #cahdci4 ,,johnson1 ,,john1 ,surveyor1 #ahah4 7,see ,ritt5h\se ,evans1 survey+ compass47 ,,jones1 ,w4 ,s41 #ace ,holborn1 ,london4 7,see ,ellicott1 ,&rew1 telescope47 ,,pi]ce1 ,,abn]1 7c4 #agij74 ,survey+ ,compass ) ,jacob's /aff4 ,made ( brass2 #ab 94 long2 #e 94 9 diamet]2 ) ne$le lift4 ,jacob's /aff #d ft4 high & ) wood %aft ab\t #a-a_/b 942 brass head4 ,unsign$4 ,us$ ab\t #agij by ,abn] ,pi]ce1 :o built ,pi]ce's ,mill 9 ,rock ,creek1 ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,gift ( ,mrs4 ,francis ,d4 ,%oemak] ( ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c41 9 #aicj4 ,,usnm #cjihbf4 ,,prie/ley1 ,,joseph 7#agcc-ahjd71 ,nor?umb]l&1 ,pa4 ,*emical ,app>atus t =m$ "p ( ! laboratory ( ,joseph ,prie/ley at 8 home4 ,x includes ! foll[+ specim5s3 #c *emical retorts1 #f bell j>s1 #a gas collect+ flask1 #f flasks1 #d funnels1 #bc miscellane\s metal & glass objects1 & #a eudiomet]4 ,a special exhibition ( "s ( ?is *emical app>atus 0 held 9 ! ,u4,s4 ,national ,museum 9 #aieh 7see fig4 #fi74 ,gift ( ,miss ,frances ,d4 ,prie/ley ( ,nor?umb]l&1 ,pa41 9 #aieh4 ,,usnm #caecda-caeceh4 ,,figure #ge4 ,globes1 "o t]re/rial 7fig4 #gf7 & "o cele/ial 7fig4 #gg71 t =m$ "p ( ! equipm5t us$ by ,dr4 ,joseph ,prie/ley4 ,! t]re/rial globe1 ( #bf 94 diamet]1 has a ,%]aton mahogany tripod /& & is inscrib$-- ,to ! ,rt4 ,honorable_/,sir ,joseph ,banks1 ,b>t4 ,k4,b4_/,presid5t ( ! ,royal ,society_/conta9+ all ! late/ ,discov]ies & ,communications f ! mo/_/correct surveys to ! ye> #agih_/;by ,capt4 ,cook & m rec5t ,navigators4 ,engrav$ ^u an accurate degree by ,mr4 ,arr[smi?1 ,geograph]_/,respectfully ,d$icat$_/by 8 mo/ ob$i5t s]vant_/,w4 ,t4 ,m4 ,b>d9_/,manufactur$ & ,sold ,:olesale & ,retail by ,w4 ,t4 ,m4 ,b>d9_/#af ,salisbury ,squ>e_/,fleet ,/reet1 ,london4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ge4--,special exhibition ( *emical laboratory app>atus us$ by ,dr4 ,joseph ,prie/ley4 ,,usnm #caecda-ceaceh4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #gf4--,t]re/rial globe made by ,w4 ,t4 ,m4 ,b>d9 ( ,london & us$ by ,dr4 ,joseph ,prie/ley4 ,diamet]1 #bf 94 ,,usnm #ecbec4 ,! cele/ial globe1 also ) a ,%]aton mahogany tripod /&1 has a diamet] ( #bc 94 & is inscrib$-- ,to ! ,rev4_/,nevil ,maskelyne1 ,d4 ,d4 ,f4 ,r4 ,s4_/,a/ronom] ,royal_/,?is ,new ,briti% ,cele/ial ,globe_/conta9+ ! positions ( ne>ly #f1jjj />s1 clu/]s1 nebulae1 ,planet>y ,nebulae_/ correctly comput$ laid d[n = ! ye> #ahjj f ! late/ obs]vations & discov]ies by ,dr4 ,maskelyne1 ,dr4 ,h]s*el1 ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,wolla/on1 etc41 etc4_/,is respectfully d$icat$ by 8 mo/ ob$i5t hmbl ,s]vants ,w4 ,t4 ,m4 ,b>d91 ,manufactur$ & sold ,:olesale ,retail by ,w4 ,t4 ,m4 ,b>d9_/#af ,salisbury ,squ>e_/,fleet ,/reet1 ,london4 ,gifts ( ,mrs4 ,eliza ,r4 ,lyon ( ,williamsport1 ,pa41 9 #ahic4 ,,usnm #ecbec1 #ecbed4 ,,figures #gf1 #gg4 ,orr]y1 m\nt$ on ?ree legs #ca 94 high1 r\nd top #bb-a_/b 94 9 diamet]4 ,! planets %[n are ,m]cury1 ,v5us1 ,m>s1 ,e>?1 ,jupit]1 & ,saturn4 ,! base is n orig9al4 ,mak] n kn[n2 ,engli%1 #ah? c5tury4 ,gift ( ,miss ,frances ,prie/ley ( ,nor?umb]l&1 ,pa41 9 #aieh4 ,,usnm #caecec4 ,,figures #gf1 #gg4 ,,ritt5h\se1 ,,b5jam9 7#agdj-;c4 #ahbj74 ,survey+ ,compass1 ab\t #agif1 ( brass1 #ac-a_/b 94 long ov]-all & #f-a_/b 94 diamet]4 ,support$ on a tripod by means ( a ball-&-socket jo9t & screw-tight5+ device4 ,! "n ,a4 ,ellicott is inscrib$ on "o arm outside ! bezel ( ! dial1 & ! "n ,b4 ,ritt5h\se is inscrib$ on ! o!r arm4 ,! numb] #aj is m>k$ on ! rev]se ( ?is in/rum5t1 :i* is li/$ 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,&rew ,ellicott z ,item #i3 ,a ,survey+ ,compass made by ,mr4 ,b5jam9 ,ritt5h\se ^u ! newe/ & mo/ approv$ plans4 ,gift ( ,h5ry ,b4 ,d\glass ( ,newton1 ,n4,j41 9 #aicd4 ,,usnm #cajhae4 ,,figure #gh4 ,,ritt5h\se1 ,,david 7#agcb-agif71 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,survey+ ,compass1 brass1 ov]-all l5g? #ad 941 diamet] #f-a_/b 941 silv]$ dial m>k$ ) eight-po9t$ /> indicat+ ! c>d9al & int]m$iate po9ts1 glaz$4 ,inscrib$ ,ritt5h\se1 ,philadelphia4 ,fitt$ ) a ball-&-socket jo9t = m\nt+ on a tripod1 & complete ) wood5 field case4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #gg4--;,cele/ial globe made by ,w4 ,t4 ,m4 ,b>d9 ( ,london & us$ by ,dr4 ,joseph ,prie/ley4 ,diamet]1 #bc 94 ,,usnm #ecbed4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #gh4--;,brass survey+ compass made by ,b5jam9 ,ritt5h\se = ,&rew ,ellicott & inscrib$ ) bo? names4 ,! in/rum5t is describ$ 9 ,j\rnal ( ,&rew ,ellicott 7,philadelphia1 #ahjc74 ,,usnm #cajhae4 ,/at$ to h be5 us$ by ,g5]al ,wa%+ton = lay+ out ! e/ate ( ,m\nt ,v]non1 accord+ to family manuscripts4 ,x 0 made by ,david ,ritt5h\se & pres5t$ by him to ,g5]al ,wa%+ton1 :o subsequ5tly gave x to ,capt4 ,samuel ,duvall4 ,a manuscript consi/+ ( #ad lett]s relat+ to ! survey+ compass is fil$ 9 ! ,u4,s4 ,national ,museum 7,,usnm #ibedb74 ,! lett]s 7 writt5 9 #ahea & #aheb by ,george ,wa%+ton ,p>ke ,cu/is1 ,an?ony ,kimmel1 & o!r ,wa%+ton desc5dants4 ,gift ( ,an?ony ,kimmel to ! ,u4,s4 ,gov]nm5t1 & transf]r$ to ! ,u4,s4 ,national ,museum 9 #ahhc4 ,,usnm #ibech4 ,,figure #gi4 ,z5i? ,sector = measur+ ! angle betwe5 a /> at its z5i? & ! v]tical4 ,made ( brass1 ) focal l5g? ( #f ft4 & an ap]ture ( #b-a_/b 94 ,! orig9al l5s 0 made 9 ,london ab\t #aghj4 ,! in/rum5t 0 made 9 ! old patt]n ) brass tube & m\nt+s & a wood5 support+ po/4 ,! tube is susp5d$ by trunnions at ! top & sw+s aga9/ a graduat$ arc ext5d+ nor? & s\? = measur+ z5i? di/ances 9 ! m]idian4 ,x is adju/$ 9 ! v]tical by a plumb l9e ^: errors are elim9at$ by rev]s+ ! :ole m\nt+ ab\t ! support+ po/4 ,con/ruct$ pr9cipally by ,david ,ritt5h\se1 ) "s modifications by ,&rew ,ellicott4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #gi4--,survey+ compass made by ,david ,ritt5h\se = ,g54 ,george ,wa%+ton1 inscrib$ ,ritt5h\se1 ,philadelphia4 ,?is in/rum5t 0 us$ by ,wa%+ton 9 mak+ a complete survey ( 8 e/ate at ,m\nt ,v]non1 #agif-agii4 ,! survey 0 assi/$ by ,capt4 ,samuel ,duval1 surveyor ( ,fr$]ick ,c\nty1 ,m>yl&4 ,wa%+ton gave ! in/rum5t to ,capta9 ,duval1 f :om x desc5d$ to ! ,hon4 ,an?ony ,kimmel1 :o donat$ x to ! ,u4,s4 ,national ,museum4 ,,usnm #ibech4 ,9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,&rew ,ellicott its au?or ref]r$ to ?is sector z foll[s3 ,! b\nd>y l9e to ! ,nor? ( ,p5nsylvania 0 fix$ by ,dr4 ,ritt5h\se & ,capta9 ,holl& 9 ! ye> #aggd & complet$ 9 #aghf & #aghg4 ,we comm5c$ op]ations by runn+ a guide l9e we/ f ! po9t m5tion$ on ! ,delaw>e #bj-a_/d miles & !re correct$ by ! foll[+ ,z5i? di/ances tak5 at its ,we/ t]m9ation by a mo/ excell5t sector con/ruct$ & execut$ by ,dr4 ,ritt5h\se4 ,! z5i? sector is aga9 m5tion$ 9 ! app5dix ( ! ,j\rnal3 ,"o ,z5i? ,sector ( ne>ly six feet radius simil> to ! "o made by ,mr4 ,george ,graham = ,dr4 ,bradley & ,mr4 ,molyneux1 ) :i* ! ab]rations ( ! />s & mutation ( ! e>?'s axis 7 discov]$1 & ! quantities det]m9$4 ,gift ( ,&rew ,ellicott ,d\glass1 ,tucson1 ,ariz41 9 #aica4 ,,usnm #aebjgh4 ,,figure #aa4 ,z5i? ,sector1 made ( brass1 orig9al l5s brok54 ,con/ruct$ by ,david ,ritt5h\se ) "s additions made by ,&rew ,ellicott4 ,9 ,! ,j\rnal ( ,&rew ,ellicott ! in/rum5t is describ$ z a ,z5i? ,sector ( #ai in*es radius to be us$ :5 ! utmo/ accuracy 0 n necess>y1 & :]e ! transportation ( ! l>ge "o c\ld n be effect$ )\t great exp5se & difficulty4 ,^! in/rum5ts 7 pr9cipally execut$ by my late wor?y & +5i\s fri5d1 ,mr4 ,ritt5h\se1 except "s additions :i* ,i h made myself4 ,! plumb l9es ( bo? ,sectors are susp5d$ f a not* above ! axis ( ! in/rum5ts 9 ! mann] describ$ by ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,maskelyne1 ! pres5t ,a/ronom] ,royal at ,gre5wi*1 9 ! introduction to ! fir/ volume ( 8 ,a/ronomical ,obs]vations4 ,a p>ticul> description ( ^? in/rum5ts is r5d]$ unnecess>y by be+ accurately done 9 a numb] ( sci5tific works1 p>ticul>ly by ,m4 de ,maup]tius 9 8 acc\nt ( ! measurem5t ( a degree ( ! m]idian "u ! ,arctic ,circle--,! ,sector is ( all in/rum5ts ! be/ calculat$ = measur+ z5i? di/ances :i* come )9 its arc4 ,! l>ge "o above m5tion$ l>ge ,z5i? ,sector ext5ds to #e degrees ,nor?1 & ,s\? ( ! ,z5i?4 ,/>s :5 s ne> ! ,z5i? are ins5sibly affect$ by ! diff]5t refractive p[]s ( ! ,atmosph]e aris+ f its diff]5t degrees ( d5sity4 ,add to ?is t ! error ( ! visual axis is completely correct$ by tak+ ! ,z5i? di/ances ( ! />s ) ! plane1 or face ( ! in/rum5t bo? ,ea/ & ,we/4 ,,usnm #aebjgi4 ,,figure #hj4 ,,ritt5h\se ,,evans1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa41 #ah? c5tury4 ,survey+ ,compass1 ab\t #aghj1 made ( brass1 ov]all l5g? #ac-c_/d 941 diamet] ( dial #e-a_/d 941 silv]$ bubble level1 v]ni] on alidade4 ,! glaz$ dial1 engrav$ ,ritt5h\se ,evans1 is fitt$ ) a brass cov]4 ,?is in/rum5t 0 made dur+ a brief p>tn]%ip betwe5 ,david ,ritt5h\se & ,david ,evans1 a clock- & wat*mak] ( ,philadelphia & ,baltimore4 ,x 0 "o ( sev]al own$ & us$ by ,john ,johnson 9 #ahah = survey+ ! b\nd>ies betwe5 ,canada & ,ma9e4 ,! survey1 made 9 compliance ) ! ,treaty ( ,gh5t1 is describ$ 9 ,! ,collections ( ! ,ma9e ,hi/orical ,society 7,portl&3 ,hoyt1 ,fogg ,donham1 #ahha1 vol4 #h1 p4 #bj73 ,?omas ,b>clay1 ( :om we h he>d m ?an once be=e1 z a ,commission] "u ! treaty1 on ! "p ( ,great ,brita91 & ,cornelius ,p4 ,van ,ness1 on ! "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 7 appo9t$ ,commission]s to asc]ta9 & run ! l9e4 ,an actual survey 0 arrang$1 & surveyors appo9t$1 to wit3 ,*>les ,turn]1 ,jr41 on ! "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ,col9 ,campbell on ! "p ( ,great ,brita94 ,ab\t tw5ty miles ( ! l9e 0 survey$1 !n ! "w 0 discont9u$1 nev] to be resum$2 b an explor+ survey 0 comm5c$ by ,colonel ,b\*ette1 on ! "p ( ,great ,brita91 & ,john ,johnson1 on ! "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,^! g5tlem5 made an explor+ l9e 9 #ahag1 ext5d+ n9ety-n9e miles f ! monum5t at ! head ( ! riv] ,/4 ,croix1 & made sep>ate reports ( _! do+s4 ,9 #ahah ,mr4 ,johnson1 ) ,mr4 ,odell1 :o _h tak5 ! place ( ,col4 ,b\*ette1 f9i%$ runn+ ! explor+ l9e to ! ,beav] or ,metis ,riv]4444 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #hj4--,z5i? sector1 ) a radius ( #ai 941 con/ruct$ by ,david ,ritt5h\se = ,&rew ,ellicott4 ,,usnm #aebjgi4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ha4--;,brass survey+ compass m>k$ ,ritt5h\se ,evans1 ab\t #aghj4 ,ov]-all l5g?1 #ac-c_/d 942 diamet] ( dial1 #e-a_/d 94 ,?is in/rum5t1 made ab\t #aghj1 0 own$ & us$ by ,john ,johnson 9 #ahah = survey+ ! b\nd>ies betwe5 ,canada & ,ma9e4 ,,usnm #cjiedc4 ,gift ( ,john ,johnson ,all5 ( ,burl+ton1 ,vt41 9 #aibg4 ,,usnm #cjiedc4 ,,figure #ha4 ,,?ompson1 ,capta9 ,,samuel ,,r[l& 7#ah? c5tury72 ,lewes1 ,del4 ,octant made ( d>k wood & ) lignum vitae2 brass fitt+s4 ,?is h>borma/]'s in/rum5t1 us$ by ,capta9 ,?ompson dur+ ! second half ( ! #ah? c5tury1 is )\t num]ical designations on ! arc4 ,! eigh? "p ( a circle is connect$ to an apex by two side pieces ) a sw++ arm h+$ at ! apex1 ) a blade at its end t moves along a *eck]$ scale on ! arc4 ,gift ( ,george ,&rews ,?ompson ( ,baltimore1 ,md41 9 #aibf4 ,,usnm #cjhdgc4 ,,voight1 ,,h5ry 7#agch-ahad71 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,equal ,altitude ,telescope ( brass1 #ag 94 long1 on wood5 tripod ab\t #df 94 high4 ,objective l5s is miss+4 ,sign$ ,h5ry ,voigt4 ,made ab\t #agij & us$ = det]m9+ m]idian l9es & "t obs]vation ( ! sun's noon transit4 ,?is =m ( in/rum5t 0 orig9ally inv5t$ ab\t #agaf by ,rog] ,cotes1 pr(essor ( a/ronomy at ,cambridge1 z a simple in/rum5t = ! det]m9ation ( "t4 ,deposit$ 9 ! ,u4,s4 ,national ,museum by ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution 9 #aici4 ,,usnm #caaggb4 ,,figure #ca4 ,,wa%+ton1 ,,g5]al ,,george 7#agcb-agii71 ,m\nt ,v]non1 ,va4 ,compass ,sundial describ$ by ! donor z hav+ be5 pres5t$ to ,g54 ,george ,wa%+ton by ,g5]al ,braddock on ! retreat ?r\gh ,p>is ,gap1 ,fairfax ,c\nty1 ,va4 ,gift ( ,samuel ,keese 9 #aijb4 ,,usnm #ihdb4 ,field ,glass1 brass tube 9 ?ree sections1 l5g? clos$ #i 941 op5$ #bb-a_/b 94 ,diamet] ( object l5s #a-c_/d 941 ( ocul> l5s #a-a_/h 94 ,) orig9al case ( russet lea!r1 :i* is #i-a_/b 94 long & #b-a_/b 94 9 diamet]4 ,mak] n kn[n4 ,/at$ to h be5 us$ by ,wa%+ton dur+ ! ,revolution>y ,w> at ! campaign ( ,valley ,=ge4 ,accord+ to relat$ correspond5ce1 :5 n 9 use ! in/rum5t 0 c>ri$ by ! ,g5]al's body s]vant1 ,billy ,lee4 ,! ,g5]al pres5t$ ! field glass to ,major ,lawr5ce ,lewis1 8 favorite nephew1 9 #agii1 ! la/ ye> ( 8 life4 ,pur*as$ by ! ,u4,s4 ,gov]nm5t f ! ,lewis heirs 9 #ahgh & transf]r$ to ! ,u4,s4 ,national ,museum 9 #ahhc4 ,,usnm #ibdbd1 #ibdbe4 ,,figure #hb4 ,spyglass or ,telescope1 made ( wood1 #i-sid$1 wrapp$ ?r\gh\t ) tw9e1 #fb 94 long4 ,brass m\nt+s = object & ocul> l5ses made by ,cole1 ,fleet ,/reet1 ,london4 ,diamet] ( object l5s #b-c_/d 941 diamet] ( ocul> l5s #a 94 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #hb4--;,brass field glass 9 case ( russet lea!r1 /at$ to h be5 us$ by ,g5]al ,george ,wa%+ton at ,valley ,=ge4 ,,usnm #ibdbd1 #ibdbe4 ,! mak]1 ,b5jam9 ,cole 7#agbe-ahac71 0 ! ?ird g5]ation ( in/rum5t mak]s ( ! same "n4 ,o!r in/rum5ts by ?is mak] are 9 ! ,national ,m>itime ,museum & ! ,:ipple ,museum1 ,cambridge4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #hc4--,telescope1 #fb 94 long1 made ( wood wrapp$ ) tw9e4 ,x 0 made by ,b5jam9 ,cole ( ,london & 0 own$ & us$ by ,g54 ,george ,wa%+ton at ,m\nt ,v]non4 ,,usnm #ibdbc4 ,?is telescope1 us$ by ,g5]al ,wa%+ton at ,m\nt ,v]non1 0 kept beh9d ! hall door & 8 favorite amusem5t 0 to look out ov] ! riv] ) x4 ,accord+ to ,mrs4 ,lewis1 ! ,g5]al us$ x to obs]ve life on ! riv] & especially to discov] gue/s approa*+ ,m\nt ,v]non1 z _m ( _! visitors arriv$ by boat4 ,b5jam9 ,latrobe1 ! ar*itect1 on a visit to ,m\nt ,v]non made an amus+ sket* ( 8 ho/ look+ anxi\sly up ! /ream = "s belat$ d9n] gue/s4 ,"p ( ! collection pur*as$ f ! ,lewis heirs 9 #ahgh by ! ,u4,s4 ,gov]nm5t & transf]r$ to ! ,u4,s4 ,national ,museum 9 #ahhc4 ,,usnm #ibdbc4 ,,figure #hc4 ,survey ( ,l&1 drawn & docum5t$ by ,george ,wa%+ton on ,april #b1 #agea = ,?omas ,l(tan ( ,fr$]ick ,c\nty1 ,va4 ,pap]1 #ab 94 wide by #g-c_/d 94 high4 ,?is survey 0 made by ,wa%+ton :5 he 0 #ai ye>s ( age1 & x is believ$ to be ! only su* docum5t relat+ to 8 e>lie/ p]iod z a surveyor4 ,wa%+ton 0 lic5s$ z a surveyor by ! ,presid5t & ,ma/]s ( ,william & ,m>y ,college 9 #agdi4 ,on ,july #bj? ( ! same ye> he 0 appo9t$ surveyor 9 ,culpepp] ,c\nty1 ,va41 by ,gov]nor ,d9widdie4 ,acquir$ 9 #aifa4 ,,usnm #bchcfg4 ,,figure #hd4 ,,:ite1 ,,p]egr9e 7#agdg-ahcd71 ,wood/ock1 ,conn4 ,survey+ ,compass1 ab\t #agij1 made ( brass1 complete ) orig9al case1 tripod1 & gunt]'s *a94 ,! in/rum5t measures #ab-a_/d 94 ov]all4 ,! dial1 ) a diamet] ( #e-e_/h 94 & a pewt] v]ni] r+1 is inscrib$ ,,p]egr9e ,,:ite_/,wood/ock4 ,tripod is #eg-a_/b 94 long & has walnut legs & a brass univ]sal socket jo9t4 ,gift ( ,dr4 & ,mrs4 ,ar?ur ,m4 ,gre5wood4 ,,usnm #chhiic4 ,,figure #bc4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #hd4--,survey ( l& drawn & docum5t$ by ,george ,wa%+ton = ,?omas ,l(tan ( ,fr$]ick ,c\nty1 ,va41 9 #agea4 ,size3 #ab 94 wide1 #g-c_/d 94 high4 ,,usnm #bchcfg4 ,,:itney1 ,,?omas 7fl4 #agih-ahba71 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,pocket ,compass ( brass encas$ 9 brassb\nd mahogany box ) sep>ate c>ry+ case4 ,pap] dial is inscrib$ ,t4 ,:itney_/ ,phila4 ,c>ri$ by ,capt4 ,william ,cl>k on ! ,lewis & ,cl>k ,exp$ition to ! ,pacific ,coa/ 9 #ahjc-ahjf4 ,,usnm #chcff4 ,,figure #he4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #he4--,pocket compass made & sign$ by ,?omas ,:itney ( ,philadelphia4 ,) orig9al c>ry+ case4 ,c>ri$ by ,capt4 ,william ,cl>k on ! ,lewis & ,cl>k exp$ition to ! ,pacific ,coa/1 #ahjc-ahjf4 ,,usnm #chcff4 ,app5dix ,,surviv+ ,,wood5 ,,survey+ ,,compasses 7,a/]isk d5otes in=mation unavailable7 ,l5g? ,height ( ,mak] ,collection ,type ,l5g? ,wid? ( b>s ne$le & ( 7947 7947 7947 7947 p]iod wood ,pre/on ,r4 ,maple #i #e #c-a_/d 99 ,unsign$ 7#ah? ,bassett c5tury7 ,bucks ,c\nty ,*]ry #aa #e-a_/b #f-e_/h #b-c_/h ,?omas ,gre5\gh ,hi/orical ( ,bo/on ,society 7#agaj-aghe7 ,bo/onian ,apple or #ac-g_/h 99 99 #d-c_/d ,john ,dupee ( ,society walnut ,bo/on 7aft] #agfa7 ,d>tm\? ,walnut #g-c_/d 99 99 99 ,?omas ,s4 ,b[les ,college ,museum ( ,portsm\?1 ,n4,h4 7c4 #agfe-ahba7 99 #ab #h 99 99 ,unsign$ 7#ah? c5tury7 99 #h-c_/h #d-e_/h 99 99 ,unsign$ 7#ah? c5tury7 ,l4 ,c4 ,ei*n] ,hickory #aa #e-a_/b #c #d ,?omas ,gre5\gh 7,u4,s4 ,national ( ,bo/on ,museum7 7#agaj-aghe7 ,f>m]'s ,museum ,oak #ab-c_/d #f-a_/b #e 99 ,unsign$ 7#ah? c5tury7 ,frankl9 ,gum #ac-c_/d #e-c_/d #d #e ,?omas ,gre5\gh ,in/itute ( ,bo/on 7#agaj-aghe7 ,m>9]'s 99 99 99 99 99 ,*>les ,?a*] ,museum 7#ah? c5tury7 ,old ,/urbridge ,maple #ac #d 99 99 ,unsign$ 7#ah? c5tury7 ,maple #aa-e_/h #e-g_/h 99 99 ,?omas ,gre5\gh ( ,bo/on 7#agaj-aghe7 ,walnut #ah #h 99 99 ,a>on ,bre$ ( ,bo/on 7#agia-ahfa7 ,new ,hamp%ire ,maple #aa #e-c_/d #b-a_/b #d-e_/h ,joseph ,halsy ( ,hi/orical ,bo/on 7fl4 ,society #afig-agfb7 ,n4 ,p>k] ,walnut #ac-a_/b #d-g_/h #e 99 ,john ,dupee ( ,bo/on 7aft] #agfa7 ,peabody ,museum 99 #aa 99 99 #c ,james ,halsy ,,ii ( ,bo/on 7#afie-agfg7 ,wor? ,%amp5y 99 99 99 99 99 ,j$idiah ,baldw9 ( ,hanov]1 ,n4,h4 7c4 #aggg-ahbi7 ,s\? ,natick ,apple or #ac-af 99 99 #d-g_/h ,john ,dupee ( ,hi/orical walnut ,bo/on 7aft] ,society #agfa7 ,/reet] ,coll41 ,bir* #ac #f 99 #d ,?omas ,s4 ,b[les ,yale ,univ]sity ( ,portsm\?1 ,n4,h4 7c4#agfe-ahba7 ,*]ry #aa-e_/f #f #d 99 ,j]e ,cl\gh ( ,bo/on 7#ah? c5tury7 ,*]ry #ab #f #c-a_/b 99 ,b5jam9 ,w>r5 ( ,plym\?1 ,mass4 7fl4 #agdj-agij7 ,roleigh ,l4 ,*]ry #g-a_/b #c-c_/d #c 99 ,unsign$ ,/ubbs ,silvio ,a4 ,walnut #ab #e-c_/h #e #d ,?omas ,s4 ,b[les ,b$9i ( ,portsm\?1 ,n4,h4 7c4 #agfe-ahba7 ,p9e #e-c_/d #c-a_/b #b-a_/b 99 ,unsign$ 7#ah? c5tury7 ,mahogany 99 99 99 99 ,unsign$ 7#ah? c5tury7 ,basswood #ab #e-c_/d #b-c_/d #d ,?omas ,gre5\gh ( ,bo/on 7#agaj-aghe7 ,bir* #ah #g-a_/b #g-a_/b #f ,samuel ,?axt] ( ,bo/on 7#agfi-ahdb7 ,mahogany #ac #g-a_/d #d-a_/d #f ,samuel ,?axt] ( ,bo/on 7#agfi-ahdb7 ,yell[ #h-a_/d #d 99 #d-a_/d ,b5jam9 ,k4 ,hagg] bir* ( ,bo/on & ,baltimore 7c4 #agfi-ahcd7 ,*]ry #ad #e-a_/b #f-c_/h #d-c_/d ,gurdon ,hunt+ton ( ,w9dham1 ,conn4 & ,walpole1 ,n4,h4 7#agfc-ahjd7 ,yale ,gall]y ,mahogany #aa-a_/b #e 99 99 ,&rew ,newell ( ( ,f9e ,art ,bo/on 7#agdi-;c4 #agih7 ,,ma!matical ,,practition]s ,,& ,,in/rum5t ,,mak]s ,alphabetical ,li/ 7,a/]isk d5otes in=mation unavailable47 ,"n ,p]iod ,place ,types ( in/rum5ts ,bailey1 ,john fl4 #aggh ,fi%kill1 ,n4 ,y4 ,survey+2 surgical ,bailey1 ,john1 ,,ii #ageb-ahbc ,hanov] & ,lynn1 ,survey+ ,mass4 ,baily1 ,joel #agcb-agig ,we/ ,brad=d1 7practition]7 ,pa4 ,baldw91 ,j$idiah c4 #aggg-ahbi ,salem1 ,bo/on1 ,survey+ & ,nor?ampton1 ,mass42 ,hanov]1 ,n4 ,h4 ,bannek]1 ,b5jam9 c4 #agcd-ahjf ,baltimore 7practition]7 ,b5son1 ,john fl4 #agic-agig 99 ,optical ,biddle1 ,ow5 #agcg-agii ,philadelphia 7practition]7 ,biggs1 ,?omas fl4 #agib-agie ,new ,york & ,survey+ ,philadelphia ,blakslee1 ,ziba #agfh-ahcd ,newt[n1 ,conn4 ,survey+ ,blundy1 ,*>les fl4 #agec ,*>le/on1 ,s4 ,c4 ,!rmometric2 wat*es ,b[les1 ,?omas ,s4 c4 #agfe-ahba ,portsm\?1 ,n4 ,h4 ,survey+ ,bre$1 ,a>on #agia-ahfa ,bo/on ,survey+ ,brokaw1 ,isaac fl4 #agga ,philadelphia 99 ,bulma9 ,d5nies fl4 #agii ,new ,york ,nautical ,burges1 ,b>?olomew fl4 #aghi ,bo/on ,sci5tific ,burnap1 ,daniel #agei-ahch ,ea/ ,w9dsor & ,survey+2 clocks ,cov5try1 ,conn4 ,c>itat1 ,h4 fl4 #agii ,new ,york ,a/ronomical ,*&lee1 ,b5jam91 #agbc-agia ,nott+ham1 ,md4 ,survey+2 clocks ,jr4 ,*&lee ,bros4 fl4 #agij-agia ,nott+ham1 ,md4 ,clocks2 survey+ ,*&lee1 ,ellis #agee-ahaf ,nott+ham1 ,md4 ,survey+2 clocks ,*&lee1 ,ellis fl4 #agia-agig ,nott+ham1 ,md4 ,clocks2 survey+ ,bros4 ,*&lee1 ,goldsmi? c4 #agea-ahba ,w9*e/]1 ,va4 ,survey+2 a/ronomical2 clocks ,*&lee1 ,isaac #agfj-ahac ,nott+ham1 ,md4 ,survey+2 clocks ,cl>k1 ,rob]t fl4 #aghe ,*>le/on1 ,s4,c4 ,nautical2 survey+ optical ,cl\gh1 ,j]e #ah? c5tury ,bo/on ,survey+ ,condy1 ,b5jam9 fl4 #agef-agih1 ,philadelphia ,ma!matical2 s& d4 #agih glasses ,cr[1 ,george c4 #agbf-aggb ,wilm+ton1 ,del4 ,survey+2 clocks ,dabney1 ,john1 ,jr4 fl4 #agci ,bo/on ,ma!matical ,dak91 ,jona?an fl4 #agde ,bo/on ,ma!matical2 balances ,dav5port1 ,william #aggh-ahbi ,philadelphia ,ma!matical2 survey+ ,dean1 ,william 78-#agig7 ,philadelphia ,survey+2 nautical ,deva*t1 ,joseph & fl4 #agib ,gallipolis1 ,ohio ,wat*es2 compasses2 ,francois sundials ,donegan 7or fl4 #aghg ,new ,york ,glass2 ,d5egan71 ,john philosophical ,donegany1 ,john 7see ,donegan7 ,doolittle1 ,enos #agea-ahjf ,h>t=d1 ,conn4 ,survey+2 clocks nautical2 ,doolittle1 ,isaac #agba-ahjj ,new ,hav51 ,conn4 ,clocks2 sci5tific ,doolittle1 ,isaac1 #agei-ahba ,new ,hav51 ,conn4 ,survey+2 clocks ,jr4 ,dupee1 ,john fl4 aft] #agfa ,bo/on ,survey+ ,ellicott1 ,&rew #aged-ahbj ,baltimore ,survey+2 7also practition]7 a/ronomical ,em]y1 ,samuel #aghg-ahhb ,salem1 ,mass4 ,ma!matical ,evans1 ,george fl4 #agif2 d4 ,philadelphia ,ma!matical #agih ,fairman1 ,gideon #aggd-ahbg ,newburyport1 ,ma!matical 7,see ,hook] & ,mass4 ,fairman7 ,fi%]1 ,m>t9 fl4 #agij ,philadelphia ,glass ,folg]1 ,pet] #afag-afij ,nantucket 7practition]87 ,folg]1 ,walt]1 ,jr4 #agfe-ahdi ,nantucket ,a/ronomical2 survey+ ,=d1 ,george fl4 late #ah? ,lanca/]1 ,pa4 ,survey+2 nautical c5tury to #ahdb ,=d1 ,george1 ,,ii fl4 #ahdb ,lanca/]1 ,pa4 ,survey+2 nautical ,fosbrook1 ,w4 fl4 #aghf or ,new ,york ,surgical2 d5tal e>li] ,gatty1 ,joseph fl4 #agid ,new ,york & ,glass2 ,philadelphia philosophical ,gilman1 ,b5jam9 ,c4 #agfc-ahce ,exet]1 ,n4,h4 ,ma!matical2 clocks ,gilmur1 ,bryan fl4 end ( ,philadelphia ,ma!matical2 #ah? c5tury clocks ,godfrey1 ,?omas #agjd-agdi ,philadelphia ,improv$ reflect+ back/aff ,g\ld1 ,john fl4 #agid ,philadelphia ,nautical2 surgical2 optical ,gra+]1 ,samuel fl4 #agai ,bo/on 7practition]7 ,gre5leaf1 ,/eph5 #agjd-agie ,bo/on ,ma!matical ,gre5\gh1 ,?omas #agaj-aghe ,bo/on ,ma!matical2 survey+2 nautical2 a/ronomical ,gre5\gh1 ,william fl4 #aghe ,bo/on ,survey+ ,gre5wood1 ,isaac1 fl4 #agbf ,bo/on ,survey+ ,sr4 7practition]7 ,gre5wood1 ,isaac1 #agcj-ahjc ,bo/on ,ma!matical ,jr4 ,grew1 ,!ophilus fl4 #agec ,philadelphia 7practition]7 ,hagg]1 ,b5jam9 c4 #agfi-ahcd ,bo/on & ,ma!matical2 ,k+ ,baltimore survey+ ,hagg]1 ,william c4 #agdd-ahcj8 ,newport1 ,r4,i4 ,nautical ,guyse ,halsie1 ,james1 ,i fl4 #afgd ,bo/on 7practition]7 ,halsy1 ,james1 ,,ii #afie-agfg ,bo/on ,ma!matical2 survey+ ,halsy1 ,john fl4 #agjj ,bo/on ,ma!matical ,halsy1 ,joseph fl4 #afig-agfb ,bo/on ,survey+2 nautical ,ham1 ,james fl4 #aged-agfd ,new ,york & ,ma!matical ,philadelphia ,ham1 ,james1 ,jr4 fl4 #aghj ,philadelphia ,ma!matical ,haml91 ,william #aggb-ahfi ,provid5ce1 ,r4 ,i4 ,ma!matical2 nautical2 a/ronomical ,hanks1 ,b5jam9 #agee-ahbd ,mansfield & ,survey+ ,lit*field1 ,conn4 ,hanks1 ,truman fl4 #ahjh ,mansfield & ,survey+ ,lit*field1 ,conn4 ,h>l&1 ,?omas #agce-ahjg ,norwi*1 ,conn4 ,survey+2 clocks ,heisely1 ,fr$]ick #agei-ahci ,fr$]ick1 ,md42 ,ma!matical2 ,a4 ,lanca/]1 survey+2 clocks ,h>risburg1 & ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 ,heisely1 ,george #aghi-ahhj ,h>risburg1 ,pa4 ,clocks2 ma!matical ,h9ton1 ,william fl4 #aggb ,new ,york ,ma!matical ,h(f1 ,george #agdj-ahaf ,lanca/]1 ,pa4 ,clocks2 survey+ ,holcomb1 ,amasa #aghg-ahge ,s\?wick1 ,mass4 ,survey+2 7also practition]7 a/ronomical ,hook] ,fairman be=e #ahaj ,newburyport1 ,ma!matical 7,william ,hook] & ,mass4 ,gideon ,fairman7 ,h\ghton1 ,r[l& c4 #afgh-agdd ,bo/on ,survey+ ,hunt+ton1 ,gurdon #agfc-ahjd ,w9dham1 ,conn41 ,survey+ & & ,walpole1 ,n4,h4 o!r2 clocks ,jacks1 ,james fl4 #aghj's ,*>le/on1 ,s4,c4 ,ma!matical2 survey+ ,jayne1 ,john late #ah? ,salem1 ,mass4 ,ma!matical c5tury ,k5n>d1 ,john #aghb-ahfa ,newm>ket1 ,n4,h4 ,survey+2 clocks ,kett]]1 ,alloysius fl4 #aghi ,philadelphia ,glass ,k+ ,hagg] #agei or #agfj ,newport1 ,r4,i4 ,ma!matical2 7,b5jam9 ,k+ & until e>ly nautical ,william ,guyse #agfj's ,hagg]7 ,k+1 ,b5jam9 #agjg-aghf ,newport1 ,r4,i4 ,ma!matical2 nautical ,k+1 ,b5jam9 #agdj-ahjd ,salem1 ,mass4 ,nautical ,k+1 ,daniel #agjd-agij ,salem1 ,mass4 ,ma!matical ,k+1 ,samuel #agdh-ahai ,newport1 ,r4,i4 ,ma!matical ,lamb1 ,a4 ,son #aghj's ,new ,york ,ma!matical ,lamb1 ,an?ony #agjc-aghd ,engl&2 ,ma!matical2 ,virg9ia2 survey+2 nautical ,philadelphia2 ,new ,york2 ,hunt]'s ,key1 ,n4,y4 ,lamb1 ,john #agce-ahjj ,new ,york ,ma!matical ,m5d5hall1 ,?omas fl4 #agge ,lanca/]1 ,pa4 ,ma!matical2 clocks ,mill]1 ,a>on fl4 #agdh-agga ,elizabe?t[n1 ,survey+2 clocks2 ,n4,j4 compasses ,morris1 ,m4 fl4 #aghe ,new ,york ,protractors ,newell1 ,&rew #agdi-agih ,bo/on ,ma!matical2 compasses ,newell1 ,joseph fl4 #ahjj-ahac ,bo/on ,survey+ ,pease1 ,paul fl4 #agej ,probably ,rhode ,quadrant ,isl& ,platt1 ,augu/us #agic-ahhf ,columbus1 ,ohio ,ma!matical2 survey+ ,platt1 ,b5jam9 #ageg-ahcc ,danbury1 ,compasses2 ,lit*field1 & survey+2 clocks ,new ,mil=d1 ,conn42 ,lanesboro1 ,mass42 ,columbus1 ,ohio ,pope1 ,joseph #agej-ahbf ,bo/on ,sci5tific2 clocks ,pott]1 ,john fl4 #agdf-ahah ,brookfield1 ,mass4 ,survey+ ,potts1 ,w4 ,l4 late #ah? ,bucks ,c\nty1 ,pa4 ,survey+ c5tury ,pr9ce1 ,john #agea-ahcf ,salem1 ,mass4 ,sci5tific 7practition]7 ,pr9ce1 ,na?an fl4 #agdc ,bo/on 7practition]7 ,pryor1 ,?omas fl4 #aggh ,philadelphia ,ma!matical ,rev]e1 ,paul #agce-ahah ,bo/on ,gunn]y ,ritt5h\se1 #agdj-;c4#ahbj ,philadelphia ,a/ronomical2 ,b5jam9 survey+ ,ritt5h\se1 ,david #agcb-agif ,philadelphia & ,a/ronomical2 7practition]7 ,norriton1 ,pa4 survey+ ,ritt5h\se ,evans fl4 #aggj's ,philadelphia ,survey+ ,sibley ,m>ble late #ah? ,new ,hav51 ,conn4 ,ma!matical2 7,cl>k ,sibley & c5tury clocks2 wat*es ,simeon ,m>ble7 ,smi?1 ,cordial fl4 #agge ,connecticut ,survey+ ,somm]1 wid[ fl4 #agec ,new ,york ,optical ,bal?as] ,s[]1 ,*ri/oph] c4 #agbd-agdj ,g]mant[n & ,ma!matical2 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 clocks ,/iles ,baldw9 fl4 #agia ,nor?ampton1 ,survey+ 7,j$idiah ,baldw97 ,mass4 ,/iles ,/orrs fl4 #agib ,nor?ampton1 ,survey+ 7,na?an ,/orrs & ,mass4 ,j$idiah ,baldw97 ,taws1 ,*>les fl4 #agie ,philadelphia ,ma!matical ,?a*]1 ,*>les #ah? c5tury ,probably ,bo/on ,survey+ ,?axt]1 ,samuel #agfi-ahdb ,bo/on ,nautical2 ma!matical survey+ ,voight1 ,h5ry #agch-ahad ,philadelphia ,a/ronomical2 clocks2 wat*es ,wall1 ,george1 ,jr4 fl4 #aghh ,bucks ,c\nty1 ,pa4 ,survey+ ,walpole1 ,*>les fl4 #agdf ,new ,york ,ma!matical ,w>r51 ,b5jam9 fl4 #agdj-agij ,plym\?1 ,mass4 ,survey+2 nautical ,:ite1 ,p]egr9e #agdg-ahcd ,wood/ock1 ,conn4 ,survey+2 clocks ,:itney1 ,john fl4 #ahja ,philadelphia ,ma!matical2 optical ,:itney1 ,?omas fl4 #agih-ahbc ,philadelphia ,ma!matical2 optical2 survey+ ,williams1 ,william #agcg or ,bo/on ,ma!matical2 #agch-agib nautical ,willis1 ,ar?ur fl4 #afgd ,possibly 7practition]7 ,massa*usetts ,wilson1 ,james #agfc-ahee ,brad=d1 ,vt4 ,globes ,wi/>1 ,ri*>d fl4 #ageb ,wi/>burg1 ,n4,j4 ,glass ,witt1 ,*ri/oph] fl4 #agaj-agfe ,g]mant[n1 ,pa4 ,ma!matical2 7practition]7 clocks ,wood1 ,john fl4 #agij ,philadelphia ,compasses ,y\le1 ,james #agdj-aghf ,new ,york ,surgical ,y\le1 ,john fl4 #aghf ,new ,york ,surgical ,,ma!matical ,,practition]s ,,& ,,in/rum5t ,,mak]s ,geographical ,li/+ ,,connecticut ,cov5try3 ,daniel ,burnap 7#agei-ahch72 survey+ in/rum5ts & clocks4 ,danbury3 ,b5jam9 ,platt 7#ageg-ahcc72 compasses & clocks4 ,ea/ ,w9dsor3 ,daniel ,burnap 7#agei-ahch72 survey+ in/rum5ts & clocks4 ,h>t=d3 ,enos ,doolittle 7#agea-ahjf72 survey+ & navigational in/rum5ts1 compasses1 & clocks4 ,lit*field3 ,b5jam9 ,hanks 7#agee-ahbd72 survey+ in/rum5ts & clocks4 ,truman ,hanks 7fl4 #ahjh72 survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,b5jam9 ,platt 7#ageg-ahcc72 compasses & clocks4 ,mansfield3 ,b5jam9 ,hanks 7#agee-ahbd72 survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,truman ,hanks 7fl4 #ahjh72 survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,new ,hav53 ,isaac ,doolittle 7#agba-ahjj72 clocks & sci5tific in/rum5ts4 ,isaac ,doolittle1 ,jr4 7#agei-ahba72 survey+ in/rum5ts & clocks4 ,sibley ,m>ble 7late #ah? c5tury72 clocks & ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,new ,mil=d3 ,b5jam9 ,platt 7#ageg-ahcc72 compasses & clocks4 ,newt[n3 ,ziba ,blakeslee 7#agfh-ahcd72 survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,norwi*3 ,?omas ,h>l& 7#agce-ahjg72 survey+ in/rum5ts & clocks4 ,w9dham3 ,gurdon ,hunt+ton 7#agfc-ahjd72 clocks & survey+ & o!r in/rum5ts4 ,wood/ock3 ,p]egr9e ,:ite 7#agdg-ahcd72 survey+ in/rum5ts & clocks4 ----3 ,smi?1 ,cordial 7fl4 #agge72 survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,,delaw>e ,wilm+ton3 ,george ,cr[ 7c4 #agbf-aggb72 survey+ in/rum5ts & clocks4 ,,m>yl& ,baltimore3 ,b5jam9 ,bannek] 7c4 #agcd-ahjf71 practition]4 ,&rew ,ellicott 7#aged-ahbj71 practition]2 survey+ & a/ronomical in/rum5ts4 ,b5jam9 ,k4 ,hagg] 7c4 #agfi-ahcd72 ma!matical & survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,fr$]ick3 ,fr$]ick ,a4 ,heisely 7#agei-ahci72 clocks & ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,nott+ham3 ,b5jam9 ,*&lee1 ,jr4 7#agbc-agia72 clocks & survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,*&lee ,bros4 7fl4 #agij-agia72 clocks & survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,ellis ,*&lee 7#agee-ahaf72 survey+ in/rum5ts & clocks4 ,ellis ,*&lee ,bros4 7fl4 #agia-agig72 clocks & survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,isaac ,*&lee 7#agfj-ahac72 survey+ in/rum5ts & clocks4 ,,massa*usetts ,bo/on3 ,j$idiah ,baldw9 7c4 #aggg-ahbi72 survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,a>on ,bre$ 7#agia-ahfa72 survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,b>?olomew ,burges 7fl4 #aghi72 sci5tific in/rum5ts4 ,j]e ,cl\gh 7#ah? c5tury72 survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,john ,dabney1 ,jr4 7fl4 #agci72 ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,jona?an ,dak9 7fl4 #agde72 ma!matical in/rum5ts & balances4 ,john ,dupee 7fl4 aft] #agfa72 survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,samuel ,gra+] 7fl4 #agai71 practition]4 ,/eph5 ,gre5leaf 7#agjd-agie72 ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,?omas ,gre5\gh 7#agaj-aghe72 ma!matical1 survey+1 a/ronomical1 & nautical in/rum5ts4 ,william ,gre5\gh 7fl4 #aghe72 survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,isaac ,gre5wood1 ,sr4 7c4#agbe-agej71 practition]4 ,isaac ,gre5wood1 ,jr4 7#agcj-ahjc72 ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,b5jam9 ,k4 ,hagg] 7c4 #agfi-ahcd72 ma!matical & survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,james ,halsie ,i 7fl4 #afgd71 practition]4 ,james ,halsy ,,ii 7#afie-agfg72 ma!matical & survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,john ,halsy 7fl4 #agjj72 ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,joseph ,halsy 7fl4 #afig-agfb72 survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,r[l& ,h\ghton 7#afgh-agdd72 survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,&rew ,newell 7#agdi-agih72 survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,joseph ,newell 7fl4 #ahjj-ahac72 survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,joseph ,pope 7#agej-ahbf72 sci5tific in/rum5ts & clocks4 ,na?an ,pr9ce 7fl4 #agdc71 practition]2 sci5tific in/rum5ts4 ,paul ,rev]e 7#agce-ahah72 gunn]y in/rum5ts4 ,*>les ,?a*] 7#ah? c5tury72 survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,samuel ,?axt] 7#agfi-ahdb72 survey+1 nautical1 & ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,william ,williams 7#agcg_/h-agib72 ma!matical & nautical in/rum5ts4 ,brookfield3 ,john ,pott] 7#agdf-ahah72 survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,hanov]3 ,john ,bailey ,,ii 7#ageb-ahbc72 survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,lanesboro3 ,b5jam9 ,platt 7#ageg-ahcc72 survey+ in/rum5ts1 clocks1 & compasses4 ,lynn3 ,john ,bailey ,,ii 7#ageb-ahbc72 survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,nantucket3 ,pet] ,folg] 7#afag-afij71 practition]7874 ,walt] ,folg] 7#agfe-ahdi71 practition]2 clocks & a/ronomical in/rum5ts4 ,newburyport3 ,gideon ,fairman 7#aggd-ahbg72 ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,hook] ,fairman 7be=e #ahaj72 ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,nor?ampton3 ,j$idiah ,baldw9 7c4#aggg-ahbi72 survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,/iles ,baldw9 7fl4#agia72 survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,/iles ,/orrs 7fl4#agib72 survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,plym\?3 ,b5jam9 ,w>r5 7fl4#agdj-agij72 survey+ & nautical in/rum5ts4 ,salem3 ,j$idiah ,baldw9 7c4#aggg-ahbi72 survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,samuel ,em]y 7#aghg-ahhb72 ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,john ,jayne 7late #ah? c5tury72 ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,b5jam9 ,k+ 7#agdj-ahjd72 nautical in/rum5ts4 ,daniel ,k+ 7#agjd-agij72 ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,john ,pr9ce 7#agea-ahcf71 practition]2 sci5tific in/rum5ts4 ,s\?wick3 ,amasa ,holcomb 7#aghg-ahge72 survey+ & ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,,new ,,hamp%ire ,exet]3 ,b5jam9 ,c4 ,gilman 7#agfc-ahce72 ma!matical in/rum5ts & clocks4 ,hanov]3 ,j$idiah ,baldw9 7c4#aggg-ahbi72 survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,newm>ket3 ,john ,k5n>d 7#aghb-ahfa72 survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,portsm\?3 ,?omas ,s4 ,b[les 7c4#agfe-ahba72 survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,walpole3 ,gurdon ,hunt+ton 7#agfc-ahjd72 clocks & survey+ & o!r in/rum5ts4 ,,new ,,j]sey ,elizabe?3 ,a>on ,mill] 7fl4 #agdh-agga72 survey+ in/rum5ts1 clocks1 & compasses4 ,wi/>burg3 ,ri*>d ,wi/> 7fl4 #ageb72 glass & !rmometric in/rum5ts4 ,,new ,,york ,fi%kill3 ,john ,bailey 7fl4 #aggh72 survey+ & surgical in/rum5ts4 ,new ,york3 ,?omas ,biggs 7fl4 #agib72 survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,bulma9 ,d5nies 7fl4 #agii72 nautical in/rum5ts4 ,h4 ,c>itat 7fl4 #agii72 a/ronomical pr9ts4 ,john ,donegan 7fl4 #aghg72 b>omet]s1 !rmomet]s1 & philosophical in/rum5ts4 ,w4 ,fosbrook 7fl4 #aghf72 surgical & d5tal in/rum5ts4 ,joseph ,gatty 7fl4 #agid72 b>omet]s1 !rmomet]s & philosophical in/rum5ts4 ,james ,ham 7fl4 #aged-agfd72 ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,william ,h9ton 7fl4 #aggb72 ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,a4 ,lamb ,son 7fl4 late #ah? c5tury72 ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,an?ony ,lamb 7#agjc-aghd72 ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,john ,lamb 7#agce-ahjj72 ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,m4 ,morris 7fl4 #aghe72 protractors4 ,wid[ ,bal?as] ,somm] 7fl4 #agec72 optical in/rum5ts4 ,*>les ,walpole 7fl4 #agdf72 ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,james ,y\le 7#agdj-aghf72 surgical in/rum5ts4 ,john ,y\le 7fl4 #aghf72 surgical in/rum5ts4 ,,ohio ,columbus3 ,augu/us ,platt 7#agic-ahhf72 ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,b5jam9 ,platt 7#ageg-ahcc72 survey+ in/rum5ts & clocks4 ,gallipolis3 ,joseph 7fl4 #agib7 & ,francois ,deva*t2 wat*es1 compasses1 & sundials4 ,,p5nsylvania ,bucks ,c\nty3 ,w4 ,l4 ,potts 7late #ah? c5tury72 survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,george ,wall1 ,jr4 7fl4 #aghh72 survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,g]mant[n3 ,*ri/oph] ,s[] 7c4 #agbd-agdj72 ma!matical in/rum5ts & clocks4 ,*ri/oph] ,witt 7fl4 #agaj-agfe72 ma!matical in/rum5ts & clocks4 ,h>risburg3 ,fr$]ick ,a4 ,heisely 7#agei-ahci72 clocks & ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,george ,heisely 7#aghi-ahhj72 clocks & ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,lanca/]3 ,george ,=d 7late #ah? c5tury to #ahdb72 survey+ & nautical in/rum5ts4 ,george ,=d ,,ii 7fl4 #ahdb72 survey+ & nautical in/rum5ts4 ,fr$]ick ,a4 ,heisely 7#agei-ahci72 clocks & ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,george ,h(f 7#agdj-ahaf72 clocks1 survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,?omas ,m5d5hall 7fl4 #agge72 ma!matical in/rum5ts & clocks4 ,norri/[n3 ,david ,ritt5h\se 7#agcb-agif71 practition]2 a/ronomical & survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,philadelphia3 ,ow5 ,biddle 7#agcg-agii71 practition]4 ,?omas ,biggs 7fl4 #agib-agie72 survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,isaac ,brokaw 7fl4 #agga74 ,b5jam9 ,condy 7fl4 #agef1 d4 #agih72 ma!matical in/rum5ts & s& glasses4 ,william ,dav5port 7#aggh-ahbi72 survey+ & ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,william ,dean 78-#agig72 survey+ & nautical in/rum5ts4 ,george ,evans 7fl4 #agif1 d4 #agih72 ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,m>t9 ,fi%] 7fl4 #agij72 glass in/rum5ts4 ,joseph ,gatty 7fl4 #agid72 b>omet]s1 !rmomet]s1 & philosophical in/rum5ts4 ,bryan ,gilmur 7end ( #ah? c5tury72 ma!matical in/rum5ts & clocks4 ,?omas ,godfrey 7#agjd-agdi72 improv$ reflect+ back/aff4 ,john ,g\ld 7fl4 #agid72 nautical1 survey+1 & optical in/rum5ts4 ,!ophilus ,grew 7fl4 #agec71 practition]4 ,james ,ham 7fl4 #aged-agfd72 ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,james ,ham1 ,jr4 7fl4 #aghj72 ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,alloysius ,kett]] 7fl4 #aghi72 glass in/rum5ts4 ,an?ony ,lamb 7#agjc-aghd72 ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,?omas ,pryor 7fl4 #aggh72 ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,b5jam9 ,ritt5h\se 7#agdj-;c4#ahbj72 survey+ & a/ronomical in/rum5ts4 ,david ,ritt5h\se 7#agcb-agif71 practition]2 a/ronomical & survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,*ri/oph] ,s[] ,sau] 7c4 #agbd-agdj72 ma!matical in/rum5ts & clocks4 ,*>les ,taws 7fl4 #agie72 ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,h5ry ,voight 7#agch-ahad72 clocks1 wat*es1 & a/ronomical in/rum5ts4 ,john ,:itney 7fl4 #ahja72 ma!matical & optical in/rum5ts4 ,?omas ,:itney 7fl4 #agih-ahbc72 ma!matical & optical in/rum5ts4 ,john ,wood 7fl4 #agij72 compasses4 ,pittsburgh3 ,fr$]ick ,a4 ,heisely 7#agei-ahci72 clocks & ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,we/ ,brad=d3 ,joel ,baily 7#agcb-agig71 practition]4 ,,rhode ,,isl& ,newport3 ,william ,g4 ,hagg] 7c4#agdd-ahcj872 quadrants4 ,k+ ,hagg] 7#agei_/fj72 ma!matical & nautical in/rum5ts4 ,b5jam9 ,k+ 7#agjg-aghf72 ma!matical & nautical in/rum5ts4 ,samuel ,k+ 7#agdh-ahai72 ma!matical in/rum5t4 ,paul ,pease 7fl4 #agej72 quadrants4 ,provid5ce3 ,william ,haml9 7#aggb-ahfi72 ma!matical1 a/ronomical1 & nautical in/rum5ts4 ,,s\? ,,c>ol9a ,*>le/on3 ,*>les ,blundy 7fl4 #agec72 !rmometric in/rum5ts4 ,rob]t ,cl>k 7fl4 #aghe72 nautical1 survey+1 & optical in/rum5ts4 ,james ,jacks 7fl4 #aghj's72 ma!matical & survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,,v]mont ,brad=d3 ,james ,wilson 7#agfc-ahee72 globes4 ,,virg9ia ,w9*e/]3 ,goldsmi? ,*&lee 7c4#agdf-ahba72 survey+ & a/ronomical in/rum5ts & clocks4 ,an?ony ,lamb 7#agjc-aghd72 ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,,types ,,( ,,in/rum5ts ,,& ,,_! ,,mak]s 7,categories bas$ on specific designations not$ 9 adv]tisem5ts7 ,,a/ronomical ,c>itat1 ,h4 7fl4 #agii71 ,new ,york4 ,*&lee1 ,goldsmi? 7c4#agdf-ahba71 ,w9*e/]1 ,va42 also made survey+ in/rum5ts & clocks4 ,ellicott1 ,&rew 7#aged-ahbj71 ,baltimore2 also made survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,folg]1 ,walt]1 ,jr4 7#agfe-ahdi71 ,nantucket1 ,mass42 also made survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,gre5\gh1 ,?omas 7#agaj-aghe71 ,bo/on2 also made ma!matical1 survey+1 & nautical in/rum5ts4 ,haml91 ,william 7#aggb-ahfi71 ,provid5ce1 ,r4,i42 also made ma!matical & nautical in/rum5ts4 ,holcomb1 ,amasa 7#aghg-ahge71 ,s\?wick1 ,mass42 also made survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,ritt5h\se1 ,b5jam9 7#agdj-;c4#ahbj71 ,philadelphia2 also made survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,ritt5h\se1 ,david 7#agcb-agif71 ,philadelphia & ,norri/[n1 ,pa42 also made survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,voight1 ,h5ry 7#agch-ahad71 ,philadelphia2 also made clocks & wat*es4 ,,glass ,,& ,,!rmometric ,blundy1 ,*>les 7fl4 #agec71 ,*>le/on1 ,s4,c42 also made wat*es4 ,donegan1 ,joseph 7fl4 #aghg71 ,new ,york & ,philadelphia2 also made philosophical in/rum5ts4 ,fi%]1 ,m>t9 7fl4 #agij71 ,philadelphia4 ,gatty1 ,joseph 7fl4 #agid71 ,new ,york & ,philadelphia2 also made philosophical in/rum5ts4 ,kett]]1 ,alloysius 7fl4 #aghi71 ,philadelphia4 ,wi/>1 ,ri*>d 7fl4 #ageb71 ,wi/>burg1 ,n4,j4 ,,horological ,blundy1 ,*>les 7fl4 #agec71 ,*>le/on1 ,s4,c42 also made !rmometric in/rum5ts4 ,burnap1 ,daniel 7#agei-ahch71 ,ea/ ,w9dsor & ,cov5try1 ,conn42 also made survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,*&lee1 ,b5jam9 7#agbc-agia71 ,nott+ham1 ,md42 also made survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,*&lee ,bros4 7fl4 #agij-agia71 ,nott+ham1 ,md42 also made survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,*&lee1 ,ellis 7#agee-ahaf71 ,nott+ham1 ,md42 also made survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,*&lee1 ,goldsmi? 7#agea-ahba71 ,w9*e/]1 ,va42 also made a/ronomical & survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,*&lee1 ,isaac 7#agfj-ahac71 ,nott+ham1 ,md42 also made survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,cr[1 ,george 7c4#agbf-aggb71 ,philadelphia2 also made survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,de,vacht1 ,joseph & ,francois 7fl4 #agib71 ,gallipolis1 ,ohio2 also made compasses & sundials4 ,doolittle1 ,enos 7#agea-ahjf71 ,h>t=d1 ,conn42 also made survey+ & nautical in/rum5ts4 ,doolittle1 ,isaac 7#agba-ahjj71 ,new ,hav51 ,conn42 also made sci5tific in/rum5ts4 ,doolittle1 ,isaac ,jr4 7#agei-ahba71 ,new ,hav51 ,conn42 also made survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,gilman1 ,b5jam9 ,c4 7#agfc-ahce71 ,exet]1 ,n4,h42 also made ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,gilmur1 ,bryan 7fl4 end ( #ah? c5tury71 ,philadelphia2 also made ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,h>l&1 ,?omas 7#agce-ahjg71 ,norwi*1 ,conn42 also made survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,heisely1 ,fr$]ick ,a4 7#agei-ahci71 ,fr$]ick1 ,md42 also made ma!matical & survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,heisely1 ,george 7#aghi-ahhj71 ,h>risburg1 ,pa42 also made ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,h(f1 ,george 7#agdj-ahaf71 ,lanca/]1 ,pa42 also made survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,hunt+ton1 ,gurdon 7#agfc-ahjd71 ,w9dham1 ,conn41 & ,walpole1 ,n4,h42 also made survey+ & o!r in/rum5ts4 ,k5n>d1 ,john 7#aghb-ahfa71 ,newm>ket1 ,n4,h42 also made survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,m5d5hall1 ,?omas 7fl4 #agge71 ,lanca/]1 ,pa42 also made ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,mill]1 ,a>on 7fl4 #agdh-agga71 ,elizabe?t[n1 ,n4,j42 also made compasses & survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,platt1 ,b5jam9 7#ageg-ahcc71 ,danbury1 ,lit*field1 & ,new ,mil=d1 ,conn42 ,lanesboro1 ,mass42 ,columbus1 ,ohio2 also made compasses & survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,pope1 ,joseph 7#agej-ahbf71 ,bo/on2 also made sci5tific in/rum5ts4 ,sibley ,m>ble 7,cl>k ,sibley & ,simeon ,m>ble7 7late #ah? c5tury71 ,new ,hav51 ,conn42 also made ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,s[]1 ,*ri/oph] 7c4 #agbd-agdj71 ,g]mant[n & ,philadelphia1 ,pa42 also made ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,voigt1 ,h5ry 7#agch-ahad71 ,philadelphia2 also made a/ronomical in/rum5ts4 ,:ite1 ,p]egr9e 7#agdg-ahcd71 ,wood/ock1 ,conn42 also made survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,witt1 ,*ri/oph] 7practition]7 7fl4 #agaj-agfe71 ,g]mant[n1 ,pa42 also made ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,,ma!matical 7,,g5]al7 ,condy1 ,b5jam9 7fl4 #agef-agib1 d4 #agih71 ,philadelphia4 ,dabney1 ,john1 ,jr4 7fl4 #agci71 ,bo/on4 ,dak91 ,jona?an 7fl4 #agde71 ,bo/on2 also made balances4 ,dav5port1 ,william 7fl4 #ahjj-ahbj71 ,philadelphia2 also made survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,doolittle1 ,isaac 7#agba-ahjj71 ,new ,hav51 ,conn42 also made clocks4 ,em]y1 ,samuel 7late #ah? c5tury71 ,salem1 ,mass4 ,evans1 ,george 7fl4 #agif1 d4 #agih71 ,philadelphia4 ,fairman1 ,gideon 7#aggd-ahbg71 ,newburyport1 ,mass4 ,gilman1 ,b5jam9 ,c4 7#agfc-ahce71 ,exet]1 ,n4,h42 also made clocks4 ,gilmur1 ,bryan 7end ( #ah? c5tury71 ,philadelphia2 also made clocks4 ,gre5leaf1 ,/eph5 7fl4 #agde71 ,bo/on4 ,gre5\gh1 ,?omas 7#agaj-aghe71 ,bo/on2 also made survey+1 a/ronomical1 & nautical in/rum5ts4 ,gre5wood1 ,isaac1 ,jr4 7#agcj-ahjc71 ,bo/on4 ,hagg]1 ,b5jam9 ,k4 7c4#agfi-ahcd71 ,bo/on & ,baltimore2 also made survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,halsy1 ,james1 ,,ii 7#afie-agfg71 ,bo/on2 also made survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,halsy1 ,john 7fl4 #agjj71 ,bo/on4 ,ham1 ,james 7fl4 #aged-agfd71 ,new ,york & ,philadelphia4 ,ham1 ,james1 ,jr4 7fl4 #aghj71 ,philadelphia4 ,haml91 ,william 7#aggb-ahfi71 ,provid5ce1 ,r4,i42 also made nautical & a/ronomical in/rum5ts4 ,heisely1 ,fr$]ick 7#agei-ahci71 ,fr$]ick1 ,md41 & ,lanca/]1 ,h>risburg1 & ,pittsburgh1 ,pa42 also made clocks & survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,heisely1 ,george 7#aghi-ahhj71 ,h>risburg1 ,pa42 also made clocks4 ,h9ton1 ,william 7fl4 #aggb71 ,new ,york4 ,hook] ,fairman 7be=e #ahaj71 ,newburyport1 ,mass4 ,jacks1 ,james 7fl4 #aghj's71 ,*>le/on1 ,s4,c42 also made survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,jayne1 ,john 7late #ah? c5tury71 ,salem1 ,mass4 ,k+ ,hagg] 7#agei_/fj to e>ly #agfj's71 ,newport1 ,r4,i42 also made nautical in/rum5ts4 ,k+1 ,b5jam9 7#agjg-aghf71 ,newport1 ,r4,i42 also made nautical in/rum5ts4 ,k+1 ,daniel 7#agjd-agij71 ,salem1 ,mass4 ,k+1 ,samuel 7fl4 #aghf71 ,newport1 ,r4,i4 ,lamb1 ,a4 ,son 7#aghj's71 ,new ,york4 ,lamb1 ,an?ony 7#agjc-aghd71 ,virg9ia1 ,philadelphia1 ,new ,york1 & ,hunt]'s ,key1 ,n4,y42 also made survey+ & nautical in/rum5ts4 ,lamb1 ,john 7#agce-ahjj71 ,new ,york2 also made nautical & survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,m5d5hall1 ,?omas 7fl4 #agge71 ,lanca/]1 ,pa42 also made clocks4 ,newell1 ,&rew 7#agdi-agih71 ,bo/on2 also made compasses & survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,platt1 ,augu/us 7#ahji-ahhf71 ,columbus1 ,ohio2 also made survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,pryor1 ,?omas 7fl4 #aggh71 ,philadelphia4 ,rev]e1 ,paul 7#agce-ahah71 ,bo/on1 ,mass4 ,sibley ,m>ble 7late #ah? c5tury71 ,new ,hav51 ,conn42 also made clocks & wat*es4 ,s[]1 ,*ri/oph] 7c4 #agbd-agdj71 ,g]mant[n & ,philadelphia1 ,pa42 also made clocks4 ,taws1 ,*>les 7fl4 #agie71 ,philadelphia4 ,?axt]1 ,samuel 7#agfi-ahdb71 ,bo/on2 also made survey+ & nautical in/rum5ts4 ,walpole1 ,*>les 7fl4 #agdf71 ,new ,york4 ,:itney1 ,john 7fl4 #ahja71 ,philadelphia2 also made optical in/rum5ts4 ,:itney1 ,?omas 7fl4 #agih-ahba71 ,philadelphia2 also made optical & survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,williams1 ,william 7#agcg_/ch-agib71 ,bo/on2 also made nautical in/rum5ts4 ,witt1 ,*ri/oph] 7fl4 #agaj-agfe71 ,g]mant[n1 ,pa42 also made clocks4 ,,nautical ,bulma9 ,d5nies 7fl4 #agii71 ,new ,york4 ,cl>k1 ,rob]t 7fl4 #aghe71 ,*>le/on1 ,s4,c42 also made survey+ & optical in/rum5ts4 ,condy1 ,b5jam9 7fl4 #agef-ib1 d4 #agih71 ,philadelphia2 also made ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,dav5port1 ,william 7fl4 #ahjj-ahbj71 ,philadelphia2 also made ma!matical & survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,dean1 ,william 78-#agig71 ,philadelphia2 also made survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,doolittle1 ,enos 7#agea-ahjf71 ,h>t=d1 ,conn42 also made survey+ in/rum5ts1 directional compasses & clocks4 ,em]y1 ,samuel 7#aghg-ahhb71 ,salem1 ,mass4 ,fairman1 ,gideon 7#aggd-ahbg71 ,newburyport1 ,mass42 also made ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,=d1 ,george1 ,i 7late #ah? c5tury to #ahdj71 ,lanca/]1 ,pa42 also made survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,=d1 ,george1 ,,ii 7fl4 #ahdb71 ,lanca/]1 ,pa42 also made survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,godfrey1 ,?omas 7#agjd-agdi71 ,philadelphia4 ,g\ld1 ,john 7fl4 #agid71 ,philadelphia2 also made survey+ & optical in/rum5ts4 ,gre5\gh1 ,?omas 7#agaj-aghe71 ,bo/on2 also made ma!matical & survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,hagg]1 ,william ,g4 7c4#agdd-ahcj871 ,newport1 ,r4,i4 ,ham1 ,james 7fl4 #aged-fd71 ,new ,york & ,philadelphia2 also made ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,ham1 ,james1 ,jr4 7fl4 #aghj71 ,philadelphia2 also made ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,haml91 ,william 7#aggb-ahfi71 ,provid5ce1 ,r4,i42 also made ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,jayne1 ,john 7late #ah? c5tury71 ,salem1 ,mass42 also made ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,k+ ,hagg] 7#agei_/fj to e>ly #agfj's71 ,newport1 ,r4,i42 also made ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,k+1 ,b5jam9 7#agjg-aghf71 ,newport1 ,r4,i42 also made ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,k+1 ,b5jam9 7#agdj-ahjd71 ,salem1 ,mass4 ,k+1 ,daniel 7#agjd-agij71 ,salem1 ,mass42 also made ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,k+1 ,samuel 7fl4 #aghf71 ,newport1 ,r4,i42 also made ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,lamb1 ,a41 ,son 7#aghj's71 ,new ,york2 also made ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,lamb1 ,an?ony 7#agjc-aghd71 ,virg9ia1 ,philadelphia1 ,new ,york1 & ,hunt]'s ,key1 ,n4,y42 also made ma!matical & survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,lamb1 ,john 7#agce-ahjj71 ,new ,york2 also made survey+ & ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,newell1 ,&rew 7#agdi-agih71 ,bo/on2 also made ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,pease1 ,paul 7fl4 #agej71 probably ,rhode ,isl&4 ,?axt]1 ,samuel 7#agfi-ahdb71 ,bo/on2 also made ma!matical & survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,w>r51 ,b5jam9 7fl4 #agdj-agij71 ,plym\?1 ,mass42 also made survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,williams1 ,william 7#agcg_/ch-agib71 ,bo/on2 also made ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,,optical ,b5son1 ,john 7fl4 #agic-agig74 ,cl>k1 ,rob]t 7fl4 #aghe71 ,*>le/on1 ,s4,c42 also made nautical & survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,somm]1 ,wid[ ,bal?as] 7fl4 #agec71 ,new ,york4 ,:itney1 ,john 7fl4 #ahja71 ,philadelphia2 also made ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,:itney1 ,?omas 7fl4 #agih-ahba71 ,philadelphia2 also made ma!matical & survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,,surgical ,bailey1 ,john 7fl4 #aggh71 ,fi%kill1 ,n4,y42 also made survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,fosbrook1 ,w4 7fl4 #aghf71 ,new ,york2 also made d5tal in/rum5ts4 ,y\le1 ,james 7#agdj-aghf71 ,new ,york4 ,y\le1 ,john 7fl4 #aghf71 ,new ,york4 ,,survey+ ,bailey1 ,john 7fl4 #aggh71 ,fi%kill1 ,n4,y42 also made surgical in/rum5ts4 ,bailey1 ,john1 ,,ii 7#ageb-ahbc71 ,hanov] & ,lynn1 ,mass4 ,baldw91 ,j$idiah 7c4 #aggg-ahbi71 ,salem1 ,bo/on1 & ,nor?ampton1 ,mass41 & ,hanov]1 ,n4,h4 ,biggs1 ,?omas 7fl4 #agib-agie71 ,new ,york & ,philadelphia4 ,blakeslee1 ,ziba 7#agfh-ahcd71 ,newt[n1 ,conn4 ,b[les1 ,?omas ,s4 7c4 #agfe-ahba871 ,portsm\?1 ,n4,h4 ,bre$1 ,a>on 7late #ah? to mid-#ai? c5turies71 ,bo/on4 ,burnap1 ,daniel 7#agei-ahch71 ,ea/ ,w9dsor & ,cov5try1 ,conn42 also made clocks4 ,*&lee1 ,b5jam91 ,jr4 7#agbc-agia71 ,nott+ham1 ,md42 also made clocks4 ,*&lee ,bros4 7fl4 #agij-agia71 ,nott+ham1 ,md42 also made clocks4 ,*&lee1 ,ellis 7#agee-ahaf71 ,nott+ham1 ,md42 also made clocks4 ,*&lee1 ,ellis ,bros4 7fl4 #agia-agig71 ,nott+ham1 ,md42 also made clocks4 ,*&lee1 ,goldsmi? 7c4#agdf-ahba71 ,w9*e/]1 ,va42 also made clocks & sundials4 ,*&lee1 ,isaac 7#agfj-ahac71 ,nott+ham1 ,md42 also made clocks4 ,cl>k1 ,rob]t 7fl4 #aghe71 ,*>le/on1 ,s4,c42 also made nautical & optical in/rum5ts4 ,cl\gh1 ,j]e 7#ah? c5tury71 ,bo/on4 ,cr[1 ,george 7fl4 #aged-aggb71 ,wilm+ton1 ,del42 also made clocks4 ,dav5port1 ,william 7fl4 #ahjj-ahbj71 ,philadelphia2 also made ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,dean1 ,william 78-#agig71 ,philadelphia2 also made nautical in/rum5ts4 ,doolittle1 ,enos 7#agea-ahjf71 ,h>t=d1 ,conn42 also made nautical in/rum5ts & clocks4 ,doolittle1 ,isaac1 ,jr4 7#agei-ahba71 ,new ,hav51 ,conn42 also made clocks4 ,dupee1 ,john 7aft] #agfa71 ,bo/on4 ,ellicott1 ,&rew 7#aged-ahbj71 ,baltimore2 also made a/ronomical in/rum5ts4 ,=d1 ,george1 ,i 7late #ah? c5tury to #ahdj71 ,lanca/]1 ,pa42 also made nautical in/rum5ts4 ,=d1 ,george1 ,,ii 7fl4 #ahdb71 ,lanca/]1 ,pa42 also made nautical in/rum5ts4 ,g\ld1 ,john 7fl4 #agid71 ,philadelphia2 also made nautical & optical in/rum5ts4 ,gre5\gh1 ,?omas 7#agaj-aghe71 ,bo/on1 also made nautical & ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,gre5\gh1 ,william 7fl4 #aghe71 ,bo/on4 ,halsy1 ,james1 ,,ii 7#afie-agfg71 ,bo/on2 also made ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,halsy1 ,joseph 7fl4 #afig-agfb71 ,bo/on4 ,hagg]1 ,b5jam9 ,k4 7c4 #agfi-ahcd71 ,bo/on & ,baltimore2 also made ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,hanks1 ,b5jam9 7#agee-ahbd71 ,mansfield & ,lit*field1 ,conn4 ,hanks1 ,truman 7fl4 #ahjh71 ,mansfield & ,lit*field1 ,conn4 ,h>l&1 ,?omas 7#agce-ahjg71 ,norwi*1 ,conn42 also made clocks4 ,heisely1 ,fr$]ick ,a4 7#agei-ahci71 ,fr$]ick1 ,md41 & ,lanca/]1 ,h>risburg1 & ,pittsburgh1 ,pa42 also made clocks & ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,heisely1 ,george 7#aghi-ahhj71 ,h>risburg1 ,pa42 also made clocks & ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,holcomb1 ,amasa 7#aghe-ahge71 ,s\?wick1 ,mass42 also made a/ronomical in/rum5ts4 ,h\ghton1 ,r[l& 7c4 #afgh-agdd71 ,bo/on4 ,hunt+ton1 ,gurdon 7#agfc-ahjd71 ,w9dham1 ,conn41 & ,walpole1 ,n4,h42 also made clocks & o!r sci5tific in/rum5ts4 ,jacks1 ,james 7fl4 #aghj's71 ,*>le/on1 ,s4,c42 also made ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,k5n>d1 ,john 7#aghb-ahfa71 ,newm>ket1 ,n4,h42 also made clocks4 ,lamb1 ,a41 ,son 7#aghj's71 ,new ,york2 also made ma!matical & nautical in/rum5ts4 ,lamb1 ,an?ony 7#agjc-aghd71 ,new ,york2 also made ma!matical & nautical in/rum5ts4 ,lamb1 ,john 7#agce-ahjj71 ,new ,york2 also made ma!matical & nautical in/rum5ts4 ,mill]1 ,a>on 7fl4 #agdh-agga71 ,elizabe?1 ,n4,j42 also made clocks & directional compasses4 ,newell1 ,&rew 7#agdi-agih71 ,bo/on2 also made ma!matical in/rum5ts & directional compasses4 ,platt1 ,augu/us 7#ahji-ahhf71 ,columbus1 ,ohio2 also made ma!matical & survey+ in/rum5ts4 ,platt1 ,b5jam9 7#ageg-ahcc71 ,danbury1 ,lit*field1 & ,new ,mil=d1 ,conn42 ,lanesboro1 ,mass42 & ,columbus1 ,ohio2 also made directional compasses & clocks4 ,pott]1 ,john 7fl4 #aghe71 ,brookfield1 ,mass4 ,ritt5h\se1 ,b5jam9 7#agdj-;c4 #ahbj71 ,philadelphia2 also made a/ronomical in/rum5ts4 ,ritt5h\se1 ,david 7#agcb-agif71 ,philadelphia2 also made a/ronomical in/rum5ts4 ,ritt5h\se ,evans 7fl4 #aggj's71 ,philadelphia4 ,/iles ,baldw9 7fl4 #agia71 ,nor?ampton1 ,mass4 ,/iles ,/orrs 7fl4 #agib71 ,nor?ampton1 ,mass4 ,?a*]1 ,*>les1 probably ,bo/on4 ,?axt]1 ,samuel 7#agfi-ahdb71 ,bo/on2 also made nautical & ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,wall1 ,george ,jr4 7fl4 #aghh71 ,bucks ,c\nty1 ,pa4 ,w>r51 ,b5jam9 7fl4 #agdj-agij71 ,plym\?1 ,mass42 also made nautical in/rum5ts4 ,:ite1 ,p]egr9e 7#agdg-ahcd71 ,wood/ock1 ,conn42 also made clocks4 ,:itney1 ,?omas 7fl4 #agih-ahba71 ,philadelphia2 also made ma!matical & optical in/rum5ts4 ,williams1 ,william 7#agcg_/ch-agib71 ,bo/on2 also made nautical in/rum5ts4 ,bibliography ( ,publi%$ ,s\rces ,,adams1 ,,george4 ,ma!matical & geographical essays4 ,london1 #agia4 ,,abbott1 ,,ka!r9e ,m4 ,old pa?s & leg5ds ( ,new ,engl&4 ,new ,york3 ,g4 ,p4 ,putnam's ,sons1 #aiji4 ,,babb1 ,,maurice ,j4 ,david ,ritt5h\se4 ,! ,p5nsylvania ,magaz9e ( ,hi/ory & ,biography 7,july #aicb71 vol4 #ef1 no4 #bbc1 pp4 #aic-bbd4 ,,b>ton1 ,,william4 ,memoirs ( ! life ( ,david ,ritt5h\se1 ,l4,l4,d41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,philadelphia1 #ahac4 ,,b$9i1 ,,silvio ,a4 ,a compass c>d by ,paul ,rev]e 7874 ,yale ,libr>y ,gazette 7,july #aifb71 vol4 #cg1 no4 #a1 pp4 #cf-ch4 ,,b$9i1 ,,silvio ,a4 ,ridgefield 9 review4 ,new ,hav53 ,walk]-,rackliffe ,co41 #aieh4 ,,b5tley1 ,,william4 ,! di>y ( ,william ,b5tley1 ,d4,d4 ,salem1 ,mass41 #aije4 ,,bion1 ,,nicolas4 ,traite de la con/ruction et des pr9cipaux usages des in/rum5ts de ma!matiques4 ,p>is1 #agji4 ,transl4 ,edmund ,/one1 ,london1 #agbd4 ,,bran*1 ,w4 ,j4 ,v41 & ,,brook-,,williams1 ,capt4 ,e4 ,a %ort hi/ory ( navigation4 ,annapolis1 ,md43 ,weems ,sy/em ( ,navigation1 #aidb4 ,,brew/]1 ,,*>les ,w4 ,rambles ab\t ,portsm\?4 ,s]4 #a4 ,portsm\?1 ,n4,h43 ,l4 ,w4 ,brew/]1 #ahei4 ----4 ,rambles ab\t ,portsm\?4 ,s]4 #b4 ,portsm\?1 ,n4,h43 ,l4 ,w4 ,brew/]1 #ahfi4 ,,brid5baugh1 ,,c>l4 ,! colonial craftsman4 ,new ,york3 ,n4,y4 ,univ]sity ,press1 #aiej4 ---- & ,,brid5baugh1 ,j4 ,rebels & g5tlem53 ,philadelphia 9 ! age ( ,frankl94 ,new ,york3 ,reynals & ,hit*cock1 #aidb4 ,,brigham1 ,,cl>5ce ,s4 ,paul ,rev]e's engrav+s4 ,worce/]1 ,mass43 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian ,society1 #aied4 ,,cajori1 ,f4 ,! tea*+ & hi/ory ( ma!matics 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 7,bureau ( ,education ,circul> ( ,in=mation #c47 ,wa%+ton3 ,bureau ( ,education1 #ahij4 ----4 ,! e>ly ma!matical sci5ces 9 ,nor? & ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,bo/on3 ,badg]1 #aibh4 ,,*&lee1 ,,edw>d ,e4 ,six ,quak] clockmak]s4 ,philadelphia3 ,p5nsylvania ,hi/orical ,society1 #aidc4 ,,*ap91 ,,h[>d ,m4 ,davis quadrants4 ,antiques 7,novemb] #aibg71 vol4 #ab14 no4 #e1 pp4 #cig-cii4 ,,conrad1 ,,h5ry ,c4 ,old ,delaw>e clockmak]s4 ,! ,hi/orical & ,biographical ,pap]s ( ! ,hi/orical ,society ( ,delaw>e 7#ahig71 vol4 #c1 *apt4 #bj4 ,,coh51 ,i4 ,,b]n>d4 ,"s e>ly tools ( ,am]ican sci5ce4 ,cambridge3 ,h>v>d ,univ]sity ,press1 #aiej4 ,,davis1 ,h4 ,s4 ,david ,ritt5h\se4 ,popul> ,a/ronomy 7,july #ahif71 vol4 #d1 no4 #a1 pp4 #a-ab4 ,,davis1 ,,william ,t4 ,anci5t l&m>ks ( ,plym\?4 ,bo/on3 ,a4 ,williams ,co41 #ahhc4 ,,day1 ,j4 ,pr9ciples ( navigation & survey+4 ,new ,hav51 ,conn41 #ahag4 ,,d[1 ,,george ,,francis4 ,! arts & crafts 9 ,new ,engl& #agjd-agge4 ,topsfield1 ,mass43 ,! ,wayside ,press1 #aibg4 ,,dy]1 ,,walt] ,a4 ,e>ly ,am]ican craftsm54 ,new ,york3 ,c5tury ,co41 #aiae4 ,,eckh>dt1 ,,george ,h4 ,p5nsylvania clocks & clockmak]s4 ,new ,york3 ,dev9-,adair ,co41 #aiee4 ,,ellicott1 ,,&rew4 ,! j\rnal ( ,&rew ,ellicott1 late ,commission] on behalf ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates dur+ "p ( ! ye> #agif1 ! ye>s #agig1 #agih1 #agii1 & "p ( ! ye> #ahjj = det]m9+ ! b\nd>y betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! possessions ( 8 ,ca?olic ,maje/y 9 ,am]ica4 ,philadelphia3 ,budd & ,b>ton1 #ahjc4 ,,evans1 ,,george4 ,illu/rat$ hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates m9t4 ,philadelphia3 ,evans1 #ahij4 ,,felt1 ,,joseph ,b4 ,annals ( ,salem4 ,salem1 ,mass41 #ahbg4 ,,fitts1 ,,rev4 ,james ,hill4 ,hi/ory ( ,newfields1 ,new ,hamp%ire1 #afch-aiaa4 ,concord3 ,rum=d ,press1 #aiab4 ,,fl9t1 ,,abel4 ,sy/em ( geometry & trigonometry1 toge!r ) a treatise ( survey+4 ,h>t=d3 ,olive ,d4 ,cook1 #ahjd4 ,,=bes1 ,,e/h]4 ,paul ,rev]e & ! _w he liv$ 94 ,bo/on3 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl9 ,co41 #aidb4 ,,fr$]ick ,a4 ,heisely1 wat* & clockmak] & 8 record$ ye>s1 #agei-ahci4 ,timepieces ,qu>t]ly 7,novemb] #aidh71 vol4 #a1 no4 #a1 p4 #cc4 ,,g>dn]1 ,,w1 ,! clock t talks & :at x tells4 ,nantucket3 ,nantucket ,:al+ ,museum1 #aied4 ,,gill+ham1 ,,h>rold ,e4 ,"s e>ly ,philadelphia in/rum5t mak]s4 ,! ,p5nsylvania ,magaz9e ( ,hi/ory & ,biography 7#aibg71 vol4 #ea1 no4 #c1 pp4 #bhi-cjh4 ----4 ,! fir/ orr]ies 9 ,am]ica4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,frankl9 ,in/itute 7#aidj71 vol4 #bbi1 pp4 #ha-ii4 ,,gottesman1 ,,rita1 ,! arts & crafts 9 ,new ,york1 #agbf-aggf4 ,new ,york3 ,n4 ,y4 ,hi/orical ,society1 #aich4 ----4 ,! arts & crafts 9 ,new ,york1 #aggg-agii4 ,new ,york3 ,n4 ,y4 ,hi/orical ,society1 #aied4 ,,gre5wood1 ,,isaac ,j4 ,! ,gre5wood family4 ,privately pr9t$1 #aicd4 ,,hamilton1 ,,alex&]4 ,(ficial reports on publick cr$it1 a national bank1 manufactures & a m9t4 ,philadelphia3 ,wm4 ,mc,kean1 #ahba4 ,,h9dle1 ,,brooke4 ,! pursuit ( sci5ce 9 revolution>y ,am]ica #agce-aghi4 ,*apel ,hill3 ,univ]sity ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,press1 #aief4 ,hi/ory ( ,h+ham1 ,mass4 ,h+ham1 #ahic4 ,,hock]1 ,,edw>d ,w4 ,a doctor ( colonial ,g]mant[n1 ,*ri/oph] ,witt1 physician1 my/ic & seek] aft] ! tru?4 ,g]mant[n1 ,pa43 ,g]mant[n ,hi/orical ,society1 #aidh4 ,,hoopes1 ,,p5rose ,r4 ,connecticut clockmak]s ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,new ,york3 ,dodd ,mead ,co41 #aicj4 ----4 ,e>ly clockmak+ 9 ,connecticut4 ,new ,hav53 ,yale ,univ]sity ,press1 #aicd4 ----4 ,%op records ( ,daniel ,burnap1 clockmak]4 ,h>t=d1 ,conn43 ,connecticut ,hi/orical ,society1 #aieh4 ,,hunt]1 ,,fr$]ick ,w4 ,/iegel glass4 ,bo/on3 ,h\ghton ,miffl9 ,co41 #aiad4 ,hunt+ton1 ,memoirs ( ! ,hunt+ton ,family ,association1 ,h>t=d1 ,conn43 privately pr9t$1 #aiae4 ,,jaffe1 ,,b]n>d4 ,m5 ( sci5ce 9 ,am]ica4 ,new ,york3 ,simon ,s*u/]1 #aidd4 ,,james1 ,,ar?ur ,e4 ,*e/] ,c\nty clocks & _! mak]s4 ,we/ ,*e/]1 ,pa41 #aidg4 ,,k>p9ski1 ,l4 ,c4 ,bibliography ( ma!matical works pr9t$ 9 ,am]ica ?r\gh #ahej4 ,ann ,arbor1 ,mi*43 ,univ]sity ( ,mi*igan ,press1 #aidj4 ,,kiely1 ,,edmond ,r4 ,survey+ in/rum5ts1 _! hi/ory & classroom use4 ,new ,york3 ,tea*]s ,college1 ,columbia ,univ]sity1 #aidg4 ,,kimball1 ,,l]oy ,e4 ,james ,wilson ( ,v]mont1 ,am]ica's fir/ globe mak]4 ,proce$+s ( ! ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian ,society 7,april #aich71 new s]41 vol4 #dh1 no4 #a1 pp4 #bi-dh4 ,,k+1 ,,rufus4 ,p$igree ( ,k+ ( ,lynn4 ,salem1 ,mass41 #ahia4 ,,k+man1 ,e4 ,d4 ,rog] ,%]man1 colonial surveyor4 ,civil ,eng9e]+ 7,augu/ #aidj71 vol4 #aj1 no4 #h1 pp4 #ead-eae4 ,,lane1 ,,gladys ,r4 ,rhode ,isl&'s e>lie/ engrav]4 ,antiques 7,m>* #aibe71 vol4 #g1 no4 #c1 pp4 #acc-acg4 ,,latrobe1 ,,john ,h4 ,b4 ,memoir ( ,b5jam9 ,bannek]4 ,m>yl& ,colonization ,j\rnal 7,may #ahde74 ,,leake1 ,,isaac ,q4 ,memoir ( ! life & times ( ,g5]al ,john ,lamb4 ,albany3 ,munsell1 #ahej4 ,,lephillips1 ,,philip4 ,! ,negro1 ,b5jam9 ,b5nek]4 ,records ( ! ,columbia ,hi/orical ,society 7#aiaf71 vol4 #bj1 pp4 #aad-abj4 ,,leyb\rn1 ,,william4 ,! compleat surveyor4 ,london1 #afec4 ,,love1 ,,john4 ,geodasia1 or ! art ( survey+4 ,london1 #afhh4 ,,l[nes1 ,a4 ,e4 ,! #agfi transit ( ,v5us & its relation to e>ly ,am]ican a/ronomy4 ,sky & ,telescope 7#aidc71 vol4 #b4 ,,magee1 ,d4 ,f4 ,gr&fa!r's clocks3 ,_! mak+ & _! mak]s 9 ,lanca/] ,c\nty4 ,pap] read be=e ! ,lanca/] 7,pa47 ,hi/orical ,society1 #aiag4 ,,ma!ws1 ,,ca!r9e ,,van ,,cortl&t4 ,&rew ,ellicott1 8 life & lett]s4 ,new ,york3 ,grafton ,press1 #aijh4 ,,mccabe1 ,,william4 ,b5jam9 ,platt ( ,new ,fairfield1 ,connecticut4 ,timepieces ,qu>t]ly 7,novemb] #aidh71 vol4 #a1 no4 #a1 pp4 #bf-bi4 ,,milham1 ,,willis ,i4 ,e>ly ,am]ican obs]vatories4 ,popul> ,a/ronomy 7,novemb] & ,decemb] #aicg71 vol4 #ad1 nos4 #i & #aj4 ----4 ,! hi/ory ( a/ronomy 9 ,williams ,college & ! f\nd+ ( ,hopk9s ,obs]vatory4 ,william/[n1 ,mass43 ,williams ,college1 #aicg4 ----4 ,e>ly ,am]ican obs]vatories3 ,:i* 0 ! fir/ a/ronomical obs]vatory 9 ,am]ica8 ,william/[n1 ,mass43 ,williams ,college1 #aich4 ,,mit*ell1 ,,edw9 ,,val5t9e4 ,! romance ( ,new ,engl& antiques4 ,new ,york1 ,a4 ,a4 ,wyn1 #aiej4 ,,moore1 ,s4 ,an accurate sy/em ( survey+4 ,lit*field1 ,conn43 ,t4 ,colli]1 #agif4 ,,mul?auf1 ,,rob]t ,p4 ,e>ly in/rum5ts 9 ! hi/ory ( survey+3 ,_! use & inv5tion4 ,survey+ & ,mapp+ 7,octob]-,decemb]1 #aieh71 pp4 #cii-dae4 ----4 ed4 ,holcomb1 ,fitz & ,peate1 ?ree #ai?-c5tury ,am]ican telescope mak]s4 ,pap] #bf 9 ,contributions f ! ,museum ( ,hi/ory & ,te*nology ,pap]s #ai-cj 7,u4,s4 ,national ,museum ,bullet9 #bbh71 ,wa%+ton3 ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 #aifb4 ,,palm]1 ,,brooks4 ,! book ( ,am]ican clocks4 ,new ,york3 ,macmillan ,co41 #aiej4 ,,phillips1 ,,john ,m4 ,an unrecord$ engrav+ by ,na?aniel ,hurd4 ,bullet9 ( ! ,associates 9 ,f9e ,arts at ,yale ,univ]sity 7,june #aicf71 vol4 #g1 no4 #b1 pp4 #bf-bg4 ,,price1 ,,d]ek ,j4 ,,de ,,solla4 ,sci5ce s9ce ,babylon4 ,new ,hav53 ,yale ,univ]sity ,press1 #aifa4 ,,prime1 ,,alfr$ ,,coxe4 ,! arts & crafts ( ,philadelphia1 ,m>yl& & ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 #agba-aghe4 ,s]4 #a4 ,topsfield1 ,mass43 ,walpole ,society1 #aibi4 ----4 ,! arts & crafts ( ,philadelphia1 ,m>yl& & ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 #aghf-ahjj4 ,s]4 #b4 ,topsfield1 ,mass43 ,walpole ,society1 #aibi4 ,,ra?borne1 ,,a>on4 ,! surveyor2 9 f\r bookes4 ,london3 ,w4 ,/&sby1 #afaf4 ,,rayn]1 ,w4 ,h4 ,f ,columbus' compass to ! fir/ transit4 ,civil ,eng9e]+ 7#aici71 vol4 #i1 no4 #aa1 pp4 #ffa-ffd4 ,report ( ! ,committee on ! ,rooms4 ,proce$+s ( ! ,bo/onian ,society 7#aiag71 vol4 #dj1 no4 #a1 pp4 #ad-af4 ,,savage1 ,,james4 ,a g5ealogical diction>y ( ! fir/ settl]s ( ,new ,engl&4 #b vols4 ,bo/on1 #ahfj4 ,,s*o51 ,h4 ,h4 ,! mak+ ( maps & *>ts4 ,9 ,n9? ,ye>book ( ! ,c\ncil = ,social ,/udies4 ,cambridge3 ,h>v>d ,univ]sity ,press1 #aich4 ,,seybold1 ,r4 ,f4 ,! ev5+ s*ool 9 colonial ,am]ica4 ,univ]sity ( ,ill9ois ,bureau ( ,educational ,rese>*1 ,bullet9 #ca4 #aibe4 ,,/eele1 ,a4 ,p4 ,! hi/ory ( ,cl>k ,c\nty1 ,ohio4 ,*icago3 ,w4 ,h4 ,be]s ,co41 #ahha4 ,,/ev5son1 ,d4 ,,alan4 ,! _w's ligh?\ses be=e #ahbj4 ,london3 ,ox=d ,univ]sity ,press1 #aiei4 ,,/ret*1 ,,c>olyn ,,wood4 ,e>ly colonial clockmak]s 9 ,philadelphia4 ,p5nsylvania ,magaz9e ( ,hi/ory & ,biography 7,july #aicb71 vol4 #ef1 no4 #bbc1 p4 #fff4 ,,/ruik1 ,,dirk ,j4 ,yankee sci5ce 9 ! mak+4 ,bo/on3 ,little ,br[n ,co41 #aidh4 ,,taylor1 ,e4 ,g4 ,r4 ,! ma!matical practition]s ( ,tudor & ,/u>t ,engl&4 ,cambridge ,univ]sity ,press1 #aied4 ,,?ompson1 ,,sylvanus4 ,! rose ( ! w9ds4 ,proce$+s ( ! ,briti% ,academy1 #aiac-ad1 #aj? ,annual ,conf]5ce1 pp4 #agi-baa4 ,,upham1 ,c4 ,w4 ,memoir ( ! ,rev]5d ,john ,pr9ce4 ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce 7#ahcg71 vol4 #ca1 pp4 #bja-bbb4 ,,:ittlesey1 ,c4 ,orig9 ( ! ,am]ican sy/em ( l& surveys4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,association ( ,eng9e]+ ,societies 7,july #ahhc71 vol4 #c4 ,,wi5b]g]1 ,,b]n>d ,w4 ,introduction to ! hi/ory ( d5ti/ry4 ,/4 ,l\is3 ,mosby ,co41 #aidh4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,,d]ek ,j4 ,,de ,,solla ,,price1 ,sci5ce ,s9ce ,babylon 7,new ,hav53 ,yale ,univ]sity ,press1 #aifa71 pp4 #fb-fd4 #b ,,james ,,savage1 ,a ,g5ealogical ,diction>y ( ! ,fir/ ,settl]s ( ,new ,engl& 7,bo/on1 #ahfj71 vol4 #b1 p4 #cda4 #c ,! ,*ronicle 7,e>ly ,am]ican ,indu/ries ,association71 ,m>* #aicf1 vol4 #a1 no4 #af1 p4 #h2 & p]sonal correspond5ce ) ,mr4 ,william ,l4 ,w>r51 ,connecticut ,hi/orical ,society4 #d ,r4 ,f4 ,,seybold1 ,! ,ev5+ ,s*ool 9 ,colonial ,am]ica1 ,bureau ( ,educational ,rese>*1 ,bullet9 #ca 7,univ]sity ( ,ill9ois1 #aibe71 p4 #bh4 #e ,h4 ,h4 ,,s*o51 ,! ,mak+ ( ,maps & ,*>ts1 ,n9? ,ye>book ( ! ,c\ncil = ! ,social ,/udies 7,cambridge1 #aich71 p4 #hc2 also ,,edmond ,r4 ,,kiely1 ,survey+ ,in/rum5ts3 ,_! ,hi/ory & ,classroom ,use 7,new ,york3 ,tea*]s ,college1 ,columbia ,univ]sity1 #aidg71 pp4 #bci-bej4 #f ,,brooke ,,h9dle1 ,! ,pursuit ( ,sci5ce 9 ,revolution>y ,am]ica #agce-aghi 7,*apel ,hill1 ,n4,c43 ,univ]sity ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,press1 #aief71 pp4 #ccg-cch4 #g ,,l]oy ,e4 ,,kimball1 ,james ,wilson ( ,v]mont1 ,am]ica's ,fir/ ,globe ,mak]1 ,proce$+s ( ! ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian ,society 7,april #aich71 p4 #ca4 #h ,,h9dle1 op4 cit4 7footnote #f74 #i ,,george ,h4 ,,eckh>dt1 ,p5nsylvania ,clocks & ,clockmak]s 7,new ,york3 ,dev9-,adair ,co41 #aiee71 p4 #aij4 #aj ,,ca!r9e ,,van ,c4 ,,ma!ws1 ,&rew ,ellicott1 ,8 ,life & ,lett]s 7,new ,york1 #aijh74 #aa ,,john ,h4 ,b4 ,,latrobe1 ,memoir ( ,b5jam9 ,bannek]1 ,m>yl& ,colonization ,j\rnal 7,baltimore1 ,may #ahde72 ,,philip ,,lephillips1 ,! ,negro1 ,b5jam9 ,b5nek]1 ,records ( ! ,columbia ,hi/orical ,society 7#aiaf71 vol4 #bj4 #ab ,,ar?ur ,e4 ,,james1 ,*e/] ,c\nty ,clocks & ,_! ,mak]s 7,we/ ,*e/]1 ,pa43 ,*e/] ,hi/orical ,society1 #aidg71 pp4 #bi-ci2 ,transactions ( ! ,am]ican ,philosophical ,society1 s]4 ,i1 vol4 #a1 pp4 #he-ig4 #ac ,,dirk ,j4 ,,/ruik1 ,yankee ,sci5ce 9 ! ,mak+ 7,bo/on3 ,little ,br[n ,co41 #aidh71 pp4 #dg1 #gj-ga4 #ad ,,rob]t ,p4 ,,mul?auf1 ed41 ,holcomb1 ,fitz1 & ,peate2 ,?ree #ai? ,c5tury ,am]ican ,telescope ,mak]s 7pap] #bf 9 ,contributions f ! ,museum ( ,hi/ory & ,te*nology1 ,u4,s4 ,national ,museum ,bullet9 #bbh1 ,wa%+ton1 #aifb71 p4 #afb4 #ae ,new ,york ,gazette1 ,reviv$ 9 ! ,weekly ,po/-,boy1 ,janu>y #bc1 #agdi4 #af ,,c>l ,,brid5baugh1 ,! ,colonial ,craftsman 7,new ,york3 ,new ,york ,univ]sity ,press1 #aiej71 pp4 #afj-afa2 ,,isaac ,q4 ,,leake1 ,memoir ( ! ,life & ,times ( ,g5]al ,john ,lamb 7,albany3 ,munsell1 #ahej72 ,,silvio ,a4 ,,b$9i1 ,ridgefield 9 ,review 7,new ,hav53 ,walk]-,rackliffe1 #aieh71 pp4 #ga1 #hd4 #ag ,,alfr$ ,,coxe ,,prime1 ,! ,arts & ,crafts ( ,philadelphia1 ,m>yl& & ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 #aghf-ahjj 7,! ,walpole ,society1 #aibi71 p4 #bcj4 #ah ,,p5rose ,r4 ,,hoopes1 ,connecticut ,clockmak]s ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury 7,new ,york3 ,dodd ,mead ,co41 #aicj71 p4 #hf2 ,! ,norwi* ,c\ri]1 ,febru>y #aj1 #ahjb4 #ai ,,h>rold ,e4 ,,gill+ham1 ,"s ,e>ly ,philadelphia ,in/rum5t ,mak]s1 ,! ,p5nsylvania ,magaz9e ( ,hi/ory & ,biography 7#aibg71 vol4 #ea1 no4 #c1 p4 #cjc-cje4 #bj ,ibid41 p4 #cjd4 #ba ,*>le/on ,ev5+ ,gazette1 ,july #bd1 #aghe2 ,,prime1 op4 cit4 7footnote #ag71 p4 #bcd4 #bb ,,rita ,s4 ,,gottesman1 ,! ,arts & ,crafts 9 ,new ,york1 #aggg-agii 7,new ,york3 ,new ,york ,hi/orical ,society1 #aied71 pp4 #bbj-bba4 #bc ,! ,p5nsylvania ,ev5+ ,h]ald1 ,m>* #ag1 #aghg4 #bd ,,gottesman1 op cit4 7footnote #bb71 pp4 #caa-cab4 #be ,! ,di>y1 or ,ev5+ ,regi/]1 ,novemb] #c1 #agid4 #bf ,,gill+ham1 op4 cit4 7footnote #bf71 p4 #cjf4 #bg ,,edw9 ,,val5t9e ,,mit*ell1 ,! ,romance ( ,new ,engl& ,antiques 7,new ,york3 ,a4 ,a4 ,wyn1 #aiej71 pp4 #beg-afj2 ,,kimball op4 cit4 7footnote #g74 #bh ,,william ,,b5tley1 ,di>y ( ,william ,b5tley1 ,d4 ,d4 7,salem1 ,mass43 #aije71 vol4 #a1 p4 #ahb1 vol4 #b1 p4 #dad4 #bi ,ibid41 vol4 #c1 p4 #acj4 #cj ,bo/on ,gazette1 ,june #ah1 #agde4 #ca ,ibid41 ,novemb] #ab1 #agde4 #cb ,,cl>5ce ,s4 ,,brigham1 ,paul ,rev]e's ,engrav+s 7,worce/]1 ,mass43 ,am]ican ,antiqu>ian ,society1 #aied71 p4 #aah2 ,,b]n>d ,w4 ,,wi5b]g]1 ,introduction to ! ,hi/ory ( ,d5ti/ry 7,/4 ,l\is1 ,mosby ,co41 #aidh71 #b vols41 vol4 #b1 pp4 #aai-acd2 ,,isaac ,j4 ,,gre5wood1 ,! ,gre5wood ,family1 #aicd1 pp4 #fh-gh4 #cc ,bo/on ,gazette1 ,novemb] #f-ac & ,novemb] #bj-bg1 #agch1 ,m>* #bf-;,april #b & ,april #b-i1 #agci4 #cd ,,brooks ,,palm]1 ,! ,book ( ,am]ican ,clocks 7,new ,york3 ,macmillan ,co41 #aiej71 pp4 #ada-adb4 #ce ,massa*usetts ,magaz9e 7#aghi71 vol4 #a1 pp4 #cf1 #cg2 ,bo/on ,gazette1 ,janu>y #ab1 #aghi2 ,i4 ,,b]n>d ,,coh51 ,"s ,e>ly ,tools ( ,am]ican ,sci5ce1 7,cambridge3 ,h>v>d ,univ]sity ,press1 #aiej71 pp4 #fdfe1 #aeg2 ,,h>rold ,e4 ,,gill+ham1 ,! ,fir/ ,orr]ies ,9 ,am]ica1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,frankl9 ,in/itute 7#aidj71 vol4 #bbi1 pp4 #ib-ig4 #cf ,,w ,,g>dn]1 ,! ,clock t ,talks & ,:at ,x ,tells 7,nantucket ,:al+ ,museum1 #aied71 pp4 #cd-dj1 #ig1 #ajf4 #cg ,,palm]1 op4 cit4 7footnote #cd71 p4 #aij4 #ch ,,joseph ,b4 ,,felt1 ,annals ( ,salem 7,salem1 ,mass43 ,ives1 #ahbg71 vol4 #b1 p4 #agc4 #ci ,,h[>d ,m4 ,,*ap91 ,davis ,quadrants1 ,antiques 7,novemb] #aibg71 vol4 #ab1 no4 #e1 pp4 #cig-cii2 also ,,rufus ,,k+1 ,p$igree ( ,k+ ( ,lynn 7,salem1 ,mass41 #ahia74 #dj ,,*ap91 op4 cit4 7footnote #ci71 pp4 #cih-cii4 #da ,,gladys ,r4 ,,lane1 ,rhode ,isl&'s ,e>lie/ ,engrav]1 ,antiques 7,m>* #aibe71 pp4 #acc-acg4 #db ,,*ap91 op4 cit4 7footnote #ci71 p4 #cii4 #dc ,,hoopes1 op4 cit4 7footnote #ah71 pp4 #gj-gb4 #dd ,! ,connecticut ,j\rnal1 ,june #g1 #agha4 #de ,ibid41 ,may #bb1 #agii4 #df ,! ,connecticut ,c\rant1 ,decemb] #ae1 #aggb1 & ,octob] #bb1 #aghg2 ,,hoopes1 op4 cit4 7footnote #ah71 pp4 #ff-gj4 #dg ,,hoopes1 op4 cit4 7footnote #ah71 p4 #abb4 #dh ,ibid41 pp4 #gi-hc4 #di ,,palm]1 op4 cit4 7footnote #cd71 p4 #aei4 #ej ,,p5rose ,r4 ,,hoopes1 ,e>ly ,clockmak+ 9 ,connecticut 7,new ,hav53 ,yale ,univ]sity ,press1 #aicd71 pp4 #h-i4 #ea ,,william ,,mccabe1 ,b5jam9 ,platt ( ,new ,fairfield1 ,connecticut1 ,timepieces ,qu>t]ly 7,novemb] #aidh71 vol4 #a1 no4 #a1 pp4 #bf-bh4 #eb ,ibid4 #ec ,new ,york ,packet1 ,may #ad1 #aggh4 #ed ,,gottesman1 op4 cit4 7footnote #bb71 p4 #bgj4 #ee ,new ,york ,packet1 ,febru>y #c1 #aghe1 & ,febru>y #bg1 #aghf1 & ,new ,york ,daily ,adv]tis]1 ,febru>y #h1 #aghg4 #ef ,! ,new ,york ,gazette ,reviv$ 9 ,! ,weekly ,po/-,boy1 ,janu>y #d1 #agdh4 #eg ,,brid5baugh op4 cit4 7footnote #af71 p4 #fc2 ,,fr$]ick ,w4 ,,hunt]1 ,/iegel ,glass 7,bo/on3 ,h\ghton ,miffl91 #aiad71 pp4 #aeg-afa4 #eh ,,h5ry ,c4 ,,conrad1 ,old ,delaw>e ,clockmak]s1 ,! ,hi/orical & ,biographical ,pap]s ( ! ,hi/orical ,society ( ,delaw>e 7#ahig71 vol4 #c1 *ap4 #bj1 pp4 #d-cd4 #ei ,,edw>d ,e4 ,,*&lee1 ,six ,quak] ,clockmak]s 7,philadelphia3 ,hi/orical ,society ( ,p5nsylvania1 #aidc71 pp4 #gj1 #aic1 #bab1 #bbj-bbc4 #fj ,fr$]ick ,a4 ,heisely1 ,wat* & ,clockmak] & ,8 ,record$ ,ye>s1 #agei-ahci1 ,timepieces ,qu>t]ly 7,novemb] #aidh71 vol4 #a1 no4 #a1 p4 #cc4 #fa ,,h9dle1 op4 cit4 7footnote #f71 pp4 #bb1 #fh4 #fb ,,gill+ham1 op4 cit4 7footnote #ai71 pp4 #bic-bid4 #fc ,ibid41 p4 #cjc2 ,royal ,p5nsylvania ,gazette1 ,april #ai1 #aggh4 #fd ,,gill+ham1 op4 cit4 7footnote #ai71 p4 #cjb4 #fe ,ibid41 pp4 #cje-cjf4 #ff ,,eckh>dt1 op4 cit4 7footnote #i71 p4 #aie2 ,,george ,,evans1 ,illu/rat$ ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,m9t 7,philadelphia3 ,evans1 #ahij71 p4 #aad4 #fg ,,c>olyn ,,wood ,,/ret*1 ,e>ly ,colonial ,clockmak]s 9 ,philadelphia1 ,p5nsylvania ,magaz9e 7,july #aicb71 vol4 #ef1 pp4 #bbe1 #bce2 ,,eckh>dt1 op4 cit4 7footnote #i71 pp4 #ah1 #bd1 #aih4 #fh ,d4 ,f4 ,,magee1 ,gr&fa!r's ,clocks3 ,_! ,mak+ & ,_! ,mak]s 9 ,lanca/] ,c\nty1 ,pap]s read be=e ! ,lanca/] 7,pa47 ,hi/orical ,society1 #aiag1 pp4 #fc-gg4 #fi ,,prime1 op4 cit4 7footnote #ag71 p4 #bfj4 #gj ,,palm]1 op4 cit4 7footnote #cd71 p4 #bjj4 #ga ,,alex&] ,,hamilton1 ,(ficial ,reports on ,publick ,cr$it1 ,a ,national ,bank1 ,manufactures & a ,m9t 7,philadelphia3 ,wm4 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no4 #ab1 p4 #if4 #ie ,ibid4 #if ,description c\rtesy ( ,dr4 ,?omas ,gre5\gh1 ,coop]/[n1 ,n4 ,y4 #ig ,,rob]t ,p4 ,,mul?auf1 ,e>ly ,in/rum5ts 9 ! ,hi/ory ( ,survey+3 ,_! ,use & ,inv5tion1 ,survey+ & ,mapp+ 7,octob]-,decemb] #aieh71 pp4 #dja1 #djc4 #ih ,report ( ! ,committee on ! ,rooms1 ,proce$+s ( ! ,bo/onian ,society 7#aiag71 no4 #a1 p4 #ad4 #ii ,ibid41 p4 #ae4 #ajj ,,felt1 op4 cit4 7footnote #ch71 p4 #agc4 #aja ,william ,williams1 9 ,?w+ ,catalogue1 ,massa*usetts ,hi/orical ,society4 #ajb ,l& record data f ,?w+ ,catalogue1 ,massa*usetts ,hi/orical ,society4 #ajc ,report ( ! ,committee on ! ,rooms1 ,proce$+s ( ! ,bo/onian ,society 7#aiag71 no4 #a1 p4 #af4 #ajd ,,brigham1 op4 cit4 7footnote #cb71 p4 #aba4 #aje ,hi/ory ( ,h+ham ,massa*usetts1 ,h+ham n4 d41 vol4 #c1 p4 #bcf4 #ajf ,,ka!r9e ,m4 ,,abbott1 ,old ,pa?s & ,leg5ds ( ,new ,engl& 7,new ,york3 ,g4 ,p4 ,putnam's ,sons1 #aiji71 pp4 #cda-cdb4 #ajg ,proce$+s ( ! ,bo/onian ,society loc4 cit4 7footnote #ajc74 #ajh ,photograph & records 9 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#afa1 #aff1 #agj ,b5jam91 ,sr41 #ed ,edw>d ,e41 #ee ,ellis1 #ee1 #aee1 #afa1 #aff1 #agj ,ellis1 ,bros41 #ed1 #ee1 #aee1 #afa1 #agj ,goldsmi?1 #ed1 #ee1 #ef1 #eg1 #aee1 #afe1 #aff1 #agj ,isaac1 #ee1 #ei1 #aee1 #afa1 #agj ,john1 #ee ,*&lee ,bros4 ,john & ,isaac ,*&lee1 #afa1 #aff1 #agj ,*&lee ,b5jam91 ,jr4 ,sons1 #ed ,*ap91 ,h[>d ,m41 #dc1 #dd1 #de ,*>le/on ,ev5+ ,gazette1 #ca ,*5ey1 ,b5jam91 #fg ,*e/] ,c\nty ,hi/orical ,society1 #bd1 #ca1 #cb1 #ed1 #ee ,*ronicle ,e4,a4,i4,a41 #f ,*ur*ill1 ,frank ,c41 #abf1 #abi ,cl>k1 ,rob]t1 #ca1 #afe1 #afh1 #afi1 #agj ,william1 #aeb ,cl>k ,c\nty ,hi/orical ,society1 #fj ,cl>ke1 ,m>?a1 #he ,s>ah1 #he ,william1 #he clockmak]1 #aj1 #aa1 #ae1 #af1 #ai1 #ba1 #bd1 #bi1 #cj1 #ca1 #cd1 #ci1 #dj1 #de1 #dg1 #di1 #ed1 #eg1 #ei1 #fb1 #fc1 #fg1 #aag1 #aah1 #abc1 #abd1 #abe1 #abi1 #adf ,cl\gh1 ,j]e1 #ge1 #aje1 #aed1 #aee1 #afa1 #agj ,joseph1 #ii1 #aje ,coh51 ,i4 ,b]n>d1 #dj ,cole1 ,b5jam91 #adi1 #aej ,collison1 ,pet]1 #eh ,columbia ,c5t9el1 #ih1 #ii compass1 #ec1 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,d5egan1 ,john1 #cc ,de ,negani1 #cc ,deva*t1 ,francois1 #di1 #aef1 #afc1 #aff ,joseph1 #di1 #aef1 #afc1 #aff ,dewie1 ,capta9 ,solomon1 #aah dial+ rule1 #d1 #e ,di>y1 or ,ev5+ ,regi/]1 #cc ,d9widdie1 ,gov41 #aej ,dix1 ,john ,ross1 #cd ,dixon1 ,j]emiah1 #bd ,donegan1 or ,d5egan ,john1 #cc1 #aef1 #afb1 #aff ,donegany1 ,joseph1 #cc1 #aef1 #afb1 #aff ,donnel1 ,h5ry1 #fj ,jona?an1 #fj1 #fa ,doolittle1 ,amos1 #cf ,enos1 #dg1 #aef1 #afj1 #aff1 #afh1 #agj ,isaac1 #de1 #dg1 #aef1 #afj1 #aff1 #afg ,isaac1 ,jr41 #de1 #aef1 #afj1 #aff1 #agj ,dorsan1 ,s>ah ,halsy1 #hj1 #ha ,d\gh]ty1 ,john1 #fj1 #fa ,d\glass1 ,&rew ,ellicott1 #acd1 #acf1 #ade ,david ,bates1 #acd ,h5ry ,b41 #adb ,d[1 ,george ,francis1 #ajf ,drap]1 ,murray ,fairman1 #dc ,dr+1 ,jep?a1 #ca ,?omas1 #ca1 #cb ,duffield1 ,edw>d1 #fb ,dunglison1 ,dr41 #fb ,dupee1 ,isaac1 #aje ,john1 #fi1 #ge1 #ajd1 #aje1 #aec1 #aed1 #aef1 #afa1 #agj ,duvall1 ,samuel1 #add1 #ade ,dyh]ty1 ,john1 #fj ,e>ly ,am]ican ,indu/ries ,association1 #f1 #hi ,eckh>dt1 ,george ,h41 #ae1 #fb1 #fc ,ei*n]1 ,laurits ,c41 #ij1 #ia1 #acg1 #ach1 #aec ,eldridge1 ,elizabe?1 #hj ,joseph1 #hj ,ellicott1 ,&rew1 #ah1 #ai1 #bj1 #bb1 #bd1 #fb1 #aca1 #acb1 #acc1 #acd1 #ace1 #acg1 #aci1 #adb1 #add1 #ade1 #adg1 #aef1 #afj1 #afe1 #agj ,*>les1 #acd ,george1 #bb1 #bc ,jane ,judi?1 #acd ,joseph1 #ai1 #bb ,ellicotts ,mills1 #ai1 #ba ,ellis1 ,m>y ,n41 #acg ,orange ,w>n]1 #acg1 #ach ,em]y1 ,samuel1 #dc1 #aef1 #afd1 #afg1 #afh ,endicott1 ,john1 #hd equal altitude in/rum5t1 #bj ,evans1 ,david1 #adf ,george1 #ca1 #fb1 #aef1 #afc1 #afg ,ew]1 ,s>ah1 #abi ,fair*ild1 ,adah1 #di ,fairman1 ,gideon1 #db1 #aef1 #aeg1 #afb1 #afg1 #afh 7see also ,hook] & ,fairman7 ,f>m]'s ,museum1 #gc1 #aec ,felt1 ,joseph ,b41 #dc1 #id ,f]guson1 ,james1 #bb ,fi%]1 ,jo%ua1 #eh ,m>t91 #fb1 #aef1 #afd1 #aff ,fit*1 ,eunice1 #ih ,john1 #fb ,fitts1 ,rev4 ,james ,hill1 #abi ,fl9t1 ,abel1 #aj1 #gb ,folg]1 ,na?aniel1 #de ,pet]1 #dj1 #aef1 #afb ,walt]1 ,jr41 #dj1 #aef1 #afb1 #afe ,folwell1 ,john1 #af ,footes1 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