Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Engineering & Technology / Early American Scientific Instruments and Their Makers / Braille

Early American Scientific Instruments and Their Makers ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

328,141 braille cells · 345 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,570 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠁⠙⠧⠑⠗⠞⠊⠎⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠝⠑⠺⠀⠠⠽⠕⠗⠅⠀⠠⠛⠁⠵⠑⠞⠞⠑⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠺⠑⠑⠅⠇⠽⠀⠠⠍⠑⠗⠉⠥⠗⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠍⠁⠽⠀⠼⠙⠂⠀
⠼⠁⠛⠛⠃⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠋⠕⠇⠇⠕⠺⠎⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠺⠊⠇⠇⠊⠁⠍⠀
⠠⠠⠓⠊⠝⠞⠕⠝⠂⠀⠠⠍⠁⠞⠓⠑⠍⠁⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠠⠊⠝⠎⠞⠗⠥⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀
⠠⠍⠁⠅⠑⠗⠂⠀⠁⠞⠀⠠⠓⠁⠙⠇⠑⠽⠄⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠟⠥⠁⠙⠗⠁⠝⠞⠂⠀
⠋⠁⠉⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠑⠁⠎⠞⠀⠠⠎⠊⠙⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠝⠑⠺⠀
⠠⠉⠕⠋⠋⠑⠑⠀⠠⠓⠕⠥⠎⠑⠂⠀⠠⠍⠁⠅⠑⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠎⠑⠇⠇⠎⠀
⠁⠇⠇⠀⠎⠕⠗⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠍⠁⠞⠓⠑⠍⠁⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠠⠊⠝⠎⠞⠗⠥⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠂
⠀⠊⠝⠀⠠⠎⠊⠇⠧⠑⠗⠂⠀⠠⠃⠗⠁⠎⠎⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠊⠧⠕⠗⠽⠀⠕⠗⠀
⠠⠺⠕⠕⠙⠂⠀⠧⠊⠵⠲⠀⠠⠓⠁⠙⠇⠑⠽⠄⠎⠀⠠⠟⠥⠁⠙⠗⠁⠝⠞⠎⠂⠀
⠠⠙⠁⠧⠊⠎⠄⠎⠀⠙⠕⠲⠀⠠⠉⠗⠕⠎⠞⠁⠋⠄⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠝⠕⠉⠞⠥⠗⠝⠁⠇⠎⠂⠀⠠⠛⠥⠝⠞⠑⠗⠎⠀⠠⠎⠉⠁⠇⠑⠎⠂⠀⠠⠏⠇⠕⠞⠞⠊⠝⠛
⠀⠙⠕⠲⠀⠠⠉⠁⠎⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠊⠝⠎⠞⠗⠥⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠎⠥⠗⠧⠑⠽⠕⠗⠎⠀⠠⠉⠓⠁⠊⠝⠎⠂⠀⠠⠙⠊⠧⠊⠙⠑⠗⠎⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠺⠊⠞⠓⠕⠥⠞⠀⠠⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠎⠂⠀⠠⠏⠗⠕⠞⠗⠁⠉⠞⠕⠗⠎⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠏⠁⠗⠁⠇⠑⠇⠇⠑⠙⠀⠠⠗⠥⠇⠑⠗⠎⠂⠀⠠⠗⠕⠙⠎⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠠⠛⠥⠁⠛⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀
⠠⠁⠍⠏⠇⠊⠞⠥⠙⠑⠂⠀⠓⠁⠝⠛⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠉⠕⠍⠍⠕⠝⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠺⠕⠕⠙⠀⠠⠉⠕⠍⠏⠁⠎⠎⠑⠎⠂⠀⠠⠏⠕⠉⠅⠑⠞⠀⠙⠕⠲⠀⠞⠓⠗⠑⠑⠀
⠠⠋⠕⠕⠞⠀⠠⠞⠑⠇⠑⠎⠉⠕⠏⠑⠎⠂⠀⠠⠏⠕⠉⠅⠑⠞⠀⠙⠕⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠃⠁⠉⠅⠛⠁⠍⠍⠕⠝⠀⠠⠞⠁⠃⠇⠑⠎⠂⠀⠠⠙⠊⠉⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠙⠊⠉⠑⠀
⠠⠃⠕⠭⠑⠎⠂⠀⠠⠃⠊⠇⠇⠊⠁⠗⠙⠀⠠⠃⠁⠇⠇⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠞⠁⠉⠅⠎⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠧⠊⠕⠇⠊⠝⠀⠠⠃⠕⠺⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠃⠗⠊⠙⠛⠑⠎⠆⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠁⠀
⠠⠧⠁⠗⠊⠑⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠠⠁⠗⠞⠊⠉⠇⠑⠎⠀⠞⠕⠕⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠞⠑⠙⠊⠕⠥⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠍⠑⠝⠞⠊⠕⠝⠒⠀⠠⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠎⠀⠓⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠀
⠽⠕⠥⠝⠛⠀⠠⠃⠑⠛⠊⠝⠝⠑⠗⠂⠀⠓⠑⠀⠋⠇⠁⠞⠞⠑⠗⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.