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Science and Medieval Thought ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

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132,139 braille cells · 140 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,021 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠿⠉⠑⠎⠀⠁⠛⠁⠔⠌⠀⠃⠗⠥⠞⠑⠀⠿⠉⠑⠎⠂⠀⠃⠀⠵⠀⠮⠀⠉⠕⠝⠙⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷
⠀⠐⠞⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠍⠁⠅⠬⠀⠷⠀⠎⠕⠉⠊⠑⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠕⠝⠀⠁⠀⠝⠑⠉⠑⠎⠎⠜⠊⠇⠽
⠀⠏⠗⠕⠧⠊⠎⠊⠕⠝⠁⠇⠀⠮⠕⠗⠽⠀⠷⠀⠇⠊⠋⠑⠲⠀⠠⠮⠽⠀⠞⠑⠁⠡⠀⠥⠀⠞⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠙⠥⠉⠞⠀⠔⠀⠌⠁⠞⠑⠀⠯⠀⠍⠕⠗⠁⠇⠎⠀⠙⠑⠏⠢⠙⠎⠀⠘⠥⠀⠁⠀⠮⠕⠗⠽
⠀⠷⠀⠇⠊⠋⠑⠆⠀⠞⠀⠁⠇⠹⠳⠛⠓⠀⠓⠁⠃⠊⠞⠎⠀⠯⠀⠑⠧⠢⠀⠌⠯⠜⠙⠎⠀⠷⠀
⠑⠹⠊⠉⠎⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠁⠃⠊⠙⠑⠀⠿⠀⠁⠀⠐⠞⠀⠁⠋⠞⠻⠀⠮⠀⠮⠕⠗⠽⠀⠕⠝⠀
⠱⠊⠡⠀⠮⠽⠀⠶⠀⠃⠥⠊⠇⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠎⠁⠏⠏⠫⠂⠀⠭⠀⠊⠎⠀⠃⠀⠿⠀⠁⠀⠐⠞⠆⠀
⠞⠀⠊⠋⠀⠮⠀⠎⠕⠉⠊⠁⠇⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠊⠏⠇⠔⠑⠀⠯⠀⠋⠗⠥⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠗⠢⠑⠺⠫⠀⠯⠀⠑⠝⠇⠜⠛⠫⠀⠭⠀⠍⠥⠌⠀⠃⠑⠀⠘⠥⠀⠁⠀⠝⠑⠺⠀
⠎⠽⠝⠮⠎⠊⠎⠂⠀⠵⠀⠇⠁⠃⠕⠗⠊⠳⠎⠀⠯⠀⠁⠗⠙⠢⠞⠀⠵⠀⠮⠀⠿⠍⠻⠂⠀⠯⠀⠍
⠀⠞⠗⠥⠑⠲⠀⠠⠍⠑⠁⠝⠱⠊⠇⠑⠀⠮⠀⠃⠥⠎⠔⠑⠎⠎⠀⠷⠀⠁⠀⠝⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀
⠱⠑⠮⠗⠀⠔⠀⠺⠜⠀⠕⠗⠀⠏⠑⠁⠉⠑⠂⠀⠊⠎⠀⠋⠊⠗⠌⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠟⠥⠊⠉⠅⠀
⠯⠀⠌⠗⠕⠝⠛⠀⠔⠀⠁⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠁⠇⠀
⠁⠋⠞⠻⠺⠜⠙⠎⠆⠀⠯⠀⠎⠺⠊⠋⠞⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀⠯⠀⠌⠗⠢⠛⠹⠀⠉⠕⠍⠑⠀⠷⠀
⠥⠝⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠎⠀⠯⠀⠎⠬⠇⠢⠑⠎⠎⠀⠷⠀⠓⠑⠜⠞⠀⠗⠀⠹⠁⠝⠀⠷⠀
⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍⠲⠀⠠⠑⠧⠢⠀⠾⠔⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠃⠕⠗⠙⠻⠎⠀⠋⠗⠑⠫⠕⠍⠀⠷⠀
⠕⠏⠔⠊⠕⠝⠀⠍⠥⠌⠀⠁⠺⠁⠅⠢⠀⠎⠇⠪⠇⠽⠆⠀⠮⠀⠝⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠌⠗⠕⠝⠛⠀
⠑⠝⠳⠛⠓⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠥⠋⠋⠻⠀⠊⠗⠗⠑⠎⠕⠇⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠔⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀
⠕⠥⠞⠺⠜⠙⠀⠏⠕⠇⠊⠉⠽⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠽⠑⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠏⠏⠑⠜⠲⠀⠠⠓⠢⠉⠑⠀⠭⠀
⠊⠎⠀⠞⠀⠺⠑⠀⠋⠔⠙⠀⠔⠀⠗⠥⠇⠬⠀⠉⠇⠁⠎⠎⠑⠎⠂⠀⠯⠀⠔⠀⠎⠕⠉⠊⠁⠇⠀
⠉⠊⠗⠉⠇⠑⠎⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠏⠥⠞⠀⠕⠝⠀⠁⠗⠊⠌⠕⠉⠗⠁⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀
⠋⠁⠩⠊⠕⠝⠎⠂⠀⠞⠀⠊⠙⠑⠁⠎⠂⠀⠯⠀⠑⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠎⠉⠊⠢⠞⠊⠋⠊⠉
⠀⠊⠙⠑⠁⠎⠂⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠓⠑⠇⠙⠀⠔⠀⠎⠔⠉⠻⠑⠀⠁⠧⠻⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀⠯⠀⠔⠀
⠎⠊⠍⠥⠇⠁⠞⠫⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠑⠍⠏⠞⠲⠀⠀⠠⠮⠀⠠⠛⠗⠑⠑⠅⠀⠴⠀⠝⠕⠀
⠓⠑⠁⠮⠝⠂⠀⠎⠥⠉⠅⠇⠫⠀⠃⠽⠀⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠯⠀⠑⠝⠙⠪⠫⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠾⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.