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Science and Medieval Thought ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

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159,196 braille cells · 170 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,021 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠃⠑⠇⠊⠑⠋⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠏⠥⠞⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠁⠇⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠝⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠑⠭⠏⠑⠗⠊⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠏⠁⠗⠊⠎⠕⠝⠀⠑⠝⠇⠁⠗⠛⠑⠂⠀⠺⠑⠀⠙⠑⠞⠑⠉⠞⠀⠎⠉⠑⠏⠞⠊⠉⠊⠎⠍
⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠗⠑⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠎⠀⠕⠗⠀⠙⠑⠛⠗⠑⠑⠎⠒⠀⠝⠁⠍⠑⠇⠽⠂⠀
⠙⠕⠥⠃⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠊⠉⠥⠇⠁⠗⠀⠉⠗⠑⠑⠙⠆⠀⠙⠕⠥⠃⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠁⠇⠇⠀⠥⠝⠧⠑⠗⠊⠋⠊⠑⠙⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠆⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠙⠕⠥⠃⠞⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠧⠁⠇⠊⠙⠊⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠀⠊⠞⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂⠀
⠺⠓⠑⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠊⠝⠀⠗⠑⠎⠏⠑⠉⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠥⠏⠑⠗⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠁⠇⠀
⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠕⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠁⠗⠛⠥⠍⠑⠝⠞⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠗⠑⠍⠁⠗⠅⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠇⠁⠎⠞⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀
⠙⠑⠧⠁⠎⠞⠁⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠉⠑⠏⠞⠊⠉⠊⠎⠍⠂⠀
⠓⠁⠎⠀⠉⠕⠍⠑⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠁⠝⠅⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠁⠊⠞⠓⠋⠥⠇⠀
⠶⠠⠏⠁⠎⠉⠁⠇⠂⠀⠠⠓⠁⠍⠊⠇⠞⠕⠝⠂⠀⠠⠍⠁⠝⠎⠑⠇⠶⠂⠀⠺⠓⠕⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠞⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠞⠞⠁⠉⠅⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑
⠀⠞⠥⠗⠝⠑⠙⠀⠃⠇⠊⠝⠙⠇⠽⠀⠞⠕⠀⠗⠑⠝⠙⠀⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠀⠓⠑⠗⠎⠑⠇⠋⠲⠀
⠠⠝⠕⠀⠉⠊⠧⠊⠇⠀⠎⠕⠉⠊⠑⠞⠽⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠕⠥⠞⠀
⠎⠉⠑⠏⠞⠊⠉⠊⠎⠍⠆⠀⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠛⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀
⠏⠗⠑⠧⠁⠇⠑⠝⠞⠀⠋⠁⠊⠞⠓⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀⠉⠥⠗⠗⠑⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠙⠕⠥⠃⠞⠀
⠓⠁⠎⠀⠋⠇⠕⠺⠑⠙⠀⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠥⠗⠋⠁⠉⠑⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠠⠊⠕⠝⠊⠁⠝⠀⠏⠓⠊⠇⠕⠎⠕⠏⠓⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠎⠉⠑⠏⠞⠊⠉⠊⠎⠍⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠗⠑⠎⠞⠗⠊⠉⠞⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠎⠕⠀⠋⠁⠗
⠀⠁⠎⠀⠍⠁⠝⠽⠀⠁⠎⠏⠑⠉⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠥⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠤⠍⠁⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀
⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠃⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀⠞⠓⠊⠝⠅⠑⠗⠎⠆⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀
⠊⠝⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠝⠕⠀⠠⠛⠗⠑⠑⠅⠀⠏⠓⠊⠇⠕⠎⠕⠏⠓⠑⠗⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀
⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠎⠑⠏⠁⠗⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠋⠁⠊⠞⠓⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.