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Science and Medieval Thought ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

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159,196 braille cells · 170 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,021 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠉⠕⠝⠋⠇⠊⠉⠞⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠧⠊⠎⠊⠕⠝⠁⠇⠀⠎⠽⠝⠞⠓⠑⠎⠊⠎⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠋⠁⠊⠞⠓⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠃⠑⠉⠕⠍⠑⠀⠊⠍⠍⠊⠝⠑⠝⠞⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠍⠑⠝⠁⠉⠊⠝⠛⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠁⠊⠞⠓⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠓⠊⠧⠁⠇⠗⠽⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠑⠁⠗⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠎⠁⠗⠁⠉⠑⠝⠎⠀⠇⠑⠙⠀⠍⠑⠝⠀⠞⠕
⠀⠋⠑⠑⠇⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠕⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠉⠓⠥⠗⠉⠓⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠍⠊⠛⠓⠞
⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠃⠑⠀⠥⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠙⠁⠗⠅⠝⠑⠎⠎⠲⠀⠠⠁⠇⠃⠑⠗⠞⠀⠕⠺⠑⠙⠀⠁⠎⠀
⠍⠥⠉⠓⠀⠞⠕⠀⠠⠁⠧⠊⠉⠑⠝⠝⠁⠤⠤⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠁⠇⠃⠑⠗⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠠⠕⠗⠊⠑⠝⠞⠤⠤⠁⠎⠀⠠⠎⠞⠀⠠⠞⠓⠕⠍⠁⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠠⠁⠧⠑⠗⠗⠕⠑⠎⠆⠀
⠏⠁⠛⠁⠝⠀⠎⠁⠛⠑⠎⠀⠞⠑⠉⠓⠝⠊⠉⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠙⠁⠍⠝⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠽⠑⠞⠀
⠍⠊⠛⠓⠞⠽⠀⠎⠏⠊⠗⠊⠞⠎⠂⠀⠺⠕⠗⠞⠓⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠗⠑⠧⠑⠗⠑⠝⠉⠑⠲⠀
⠠⠙⠁⠝⠞⠑⠀⠏⠥⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠠⠓⠑⠇⠇⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠕⠝⠀⠛⠗⠑⠑⠝⠀
⠍⠑⠁⠙⠕⠺⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠝⠀⠕⠏⠑⠝⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠑⠂⠀⠇⠕⠋⠞⠽⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠇⠥⠍⠊⠝⠕⠥⠎⠂⠤⠤⠑⠎⠞⠑⠑⠍⠊⠝⠛⠀⠓⠊⠍⠎⠑⠇⠋⠀⠑⠭⠁⠇⠞⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠂⠤⠤⠝⠕⠞⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠠⠁⠗⠊⠎⠞⠕⠞⠇⠑⠂
⠀⠠⠏⠇⠁⠞⠕⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠎⠕⠉⠗⠁⠞⠑⠎⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠑⠥⠉⠇⠊⠙⠑⠀⠛⠑⠕⠍⠑⠞⠗⠁⠂⠀⠑⠀⠠⠞⠕⠇⠕⠍⠍⠑⠕⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠊⠏⠏⠕⠉⠗⠁⠞⠑⠂⠀⠠⠁⠧⠊⠉⠑⠝⠝⠁⠂⠀⠑⠀⠠⠛⠁⠇⠊⠑⠝⠕⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠁⠧⠑⠗⠗⠕⠊⠎⠂⠀⠉⠓⠑⠀⠊⠇⠀⠛⠗⠁⠝⠀⠉⠕⠍⠑⠝⠞⠕⠀⠋⠑⠕⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠊⠝⠋⠲⠀⠠⠠⠊⠧⠲⠀⠼⠁⠙⠃⠲⠀⠀⠠⠥⠝⠊⠧⠑⠗⠎⠊⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀
⠋⠕⠥⠝⠙⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠠⠋⠗⠁⠝⠉⠑⠂⠀⠠⠑⠝⠛⠇⠁⠝⠙⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠠⠊⠞⠁⠇⠽⠲⠀⠠⠋⠗⠑⠙⠑⠗⠊⠉⠅⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠎⠑⠉⠕⠝⠙⠀⠏⠗⠕⠞⠑⠉⠞⠑⠙
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠁⠗⠁⠃⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀⠁⠏⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠆⠀
⠠⠛⠓⠊⠃⠑⠇⠊⠝⠑⠀⠊⠝⠙⠑⠑⠙⠀⠁⠇⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠎⠊⠛⠝⠊⠋⠊⠑⠙⠀
⠋⠗⠑⠑⠞⠓⠊⠝⠅⠑⠗⠲⠀⠠⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠗⠕⠍⠁⠝⠀⠙⠑⠀
⠠⠗⠑⠝⠁⠗⠙⠂⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠁⠝⠙⠊⠙⠀⠠⠚⠕⠊⠝⠧⠊⠇⠇⠑⠂⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.