Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Philosophy / Slavery and the Constitution / Braille

Slavery and the Constitution ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

340,495 braille cells · 358 embossed pages at 40×25 · 2,325 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠀⠀⠀⠇⠕⠧⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠠⠚⠑⠎⠥⠎⠂⠀⠃⠑⠀⠅⠊⠝⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀
⠁⠝⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠃⠑⠀⠗⠑⠁⠙⠽⠀⠞⠕⠀⠓⠑⠇⠏⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠀⠀
⠁⠎⠀⠍⠥⠉⠓⠀⠁⠎⠀⠽⠕⠥⠀⠉⠁⠝⠲⠲⠲⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠽⠕⠥⠗⠀⠙⠁⠊⠇⠽⠀
⠺⠕⠗⠅⠂⠀⠽⠕⠥⠀⠎⠓⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠞⠗⠽⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠅⠑⠑⠏⠀⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠠⠇⠕⠗⠙⠀⠃⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠀⠽⠕⠥⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠙⠕⠀⠊⠞⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠓⠊⠍⠂⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠍⠁⠝⠲⠲⠲⠲⠀⠠⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠀⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀
⠕⠋⠋⠑⠝⠙⠎⠀⠽⠕⠥⠂⠀⠽⠕⠥⠀⠎⠓⠕⠥⠇⠙⠂⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠇⠕⠧⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠠⠚⠑⠎⠥⠎⠂⠀⠋⠕⠗⠛⠊⠧⠑⠀⠓⠊⠍⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠀⠀⠏⠗⠁⠽⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠓⠊⠍⠲⠀
⠠⠃⠊⠎⠓⠕⠏⠀⠠⠍⠑⠁⠙⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠑⠟⠥⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠑⠭⠏⠇⠊⠉⠊⠞⠂⠀⠏⠏⠲⠀
⠼⠁⠉⠁⠂⠀⠼⠁⠉⠃⠀⠶⠠⠃⠗⠕⠕⠅⠑⠄⠎⠀⠠⠎⠇⠁⠧⠑⠗⠽⠂⠀⠉⠲⠀⠏⠏⠲⠀
⠼⠉⠉⠂⠀⠼⠉⠙⠶⠲⠀⠠⠎⠑⠝⠁⠞⠕⠗⠀⠠⠙⠊⠉⠅⠊⠝⠎⠕⠝⠀⠗⠑⠛⠗⠑⠞⠎⠀
⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠓⠑⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠃⠕⠗⠝⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠀⠠⠎⠇⠁⠧⠑⠀⠠⠎⠞⠁⠞⠑⠂
⠀⠎⠕⠀⠉⠕⠝⠛⠑⠝⠊⠁⠇⠀⠊⠎⠀⠎⠇⠁⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠞⠕⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠎⠕⠥⠇⠖⠀
⠠⠃⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠊⠎⠓⠕⠏⠂⠀⠊⠋⠀⠓⠑⠀⠃⠑⠇⠊⠑⠧⠑⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠕⠺⠝⠀⠁⠗⠛⠥⠍⠑⠝⠞⠂⠀⠍⠥⠎⠞⠀⠃⠑⠀⠎⠕⠗⠗⠕⠺⠋⠥⠇⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠓⠑⠀
⠊⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠓⠊⠍⠎⠑⠇⠋⠀⠁⠀⠎⠇⠁⠧⠑⠂⠀⠎⠕⠀⠑⠁⠎⠽⠀⠙⠕⠑⠎⠀⠓⠑⠀
⠎⠁⠽⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠇⠁⠧⠑⠄⠎⠀⠗⠕⠁⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠓⠑⠁⠧⠑⠝⠖⠤⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠞⠁⠅⠑⠀⠉⠁⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠽⠕⠥⠀⠙⠕⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠋⠗⠑⠞⠀⠕⠗⠀
⠍⠥⠗⠍⠥⠗⠂⠀⠛⠗⠥⠍⠃⠇⠑⠀⠕⠗⠀⠗⠑⠏⠊⠝⠑⠀⠁⠞⠀⠀⠀⠽⠕⠥⠗⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠙⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠆⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠍⠁⠅⠑⠀
⠽⠕⠥⠗⠀⠇⠊⠋⠑⠀⠥⠝⠑⠁⠎⠽⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠀⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠇⠽⠀
⠕⠋⠋⠑⠝⠙⠀⠠⠁⠇⠍⠊⠛⠓⠞⠽⠀⠠⠛⠕⠙⠲⠀⠠⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠙⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠞
⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠀⠀⠽⠕⠥⠗⠎⠑⠇⠧⠑⠎⠂⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠏⠑⠕⠏⠇⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠽⠕⠥⠀⠃⠑⠇⠕⠝⠛⠀⠞⠕⠂⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠀⠀⠍⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠃⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠞⠀⠽⠕⠥⠀⠞⠕⠀⠊⠞⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.