,,slav]y ,,& ,,! ,,con/itution4 ,,by ,,william ,i4 ,,b[dit*4 ,,bo/on3 ,,rob]t ,f4 ,,wallcut1 #ba1 ,,cornhill4 #ahdi4 ,,bo/on3 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,john ,,wilson1 ,no4 #ba1 ,s*ool-/reet4 ,,cont5ts4 ,*apt] ,page ,i4 ,,slav]y ,,agreeable ,,to ,,god',s ,,provid5ce #a ,,ii4 ,,direct ,,m5tal ,,in/ruction ,,( ,,slaves #e ,,iii4 ,,moral ,,& ,,religi\s ,,condition ,,( ,,! ,,slaves #ad ,,iv4 ,,moral ,,& ,,religi\s ,,tea*]s ,,( ,,! ,,slaves #ai ,v4 ,,direct ,,religi\s ,,in/ruction ,,( ,,slaves #bg ,,vi4 ,,indirect ,,in/ruction4--,,no ,,legal ,,m>riage ,,( ,,slaves #ef ,,vii4 ,,s\l-,,driv+ #fh ,,viii4 ,,dome/ic ,,slave-,,trade #gg ,,ix4 ,,runaway ,,slaves #id ,x4 ,,slavehold+ ,,always ,,wrong #ajg ,,xi4 ,,! ,,con/itution ,,& ,,its ,,int]pretation #aag ,,xii4 ,,! ,,con/itution ,,accord+ ,,to ,,! ,,common ,,mean+ ,,( ,,its ,,t]ms #abj ,,xiii4 ,,! ,,con/itution ,,z ,,its ,,fram]s ,,int5d$ ,,to ,,make ,,x #abg ,,xiv4 ,,! ,,con/itution ,,accord+ ,,to ,,! ,,practice ,,( ,,! ,,gov]nm5t #acf ,,xv4 ,,! ,,con/itution ,,accord+ ,,to ,,! ,,exposition ,,( ,,its ,,f9al ,,int]pret] #adc ,,xvi4 ,,no ,,union ,,) ,,slavehold]s #aej ,,note4 ,page #de 0 /ruck (f be=e ,i became aw>e t ,ma/] ,auld n[ %elt]s ,d\glass's gr&mo!r "u 8 own ro(4 ,we are glad ( ! fact1 & respect ,ma/] ,auld = 8 *ange4 ,b ! case ( ,d\glass's gr&mo!r is by no means a solit>y in/ance ( cruel treatm5t4 ,i might easily adduce o!rs equally cruel1 ?\gh n told ) ne>ly s mu* feel+4 ,w4 ,i4 ,b4 ,,slav]y ,,& ,,! ,,con/itution4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,slav]y ,,agreeable ,,to ,,god',s ,,provid5ce6 ,?us did ,jehovah /]eotype 8 approbation ( dome/ic slav]y6--,rev4 ,presid5t ,%annon1 ( ,bacon ,college1 ,ky4 ,"h we see ,god deal+ 9 slaves2 giv+ !m to 8 own favorite *ild ,abraham1 a man ( sup]lative wor?1 & z a rew>d = 8 em95t goodness4--,rev4 ,!odore ,clapp1 ( ,new ,orleans4 ,ne>ly ?ree millions ( m51 wom51 & *ildr5 are held 9 slav]y 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 n by ! ignorant & brutal alone1 b by enlight5$ ,*ri/ian bi%ops1 m9i/]s1 & *ur* memb]s ( all d5om9ations2 :il/ m5 & wom5 ( cultivat$ m9ds1 ref9$ mann]s1 & delicate ta/es1 indignantly d5y t slavehold+ is wrong4 ,! ,"r ,rev4 ,george ,w4 ,freeman1 ,bi%op ( ! ,prote/ant ,episcopal ,*ur* 9 ,arkansas & ,texas1 :il/ a m9i/] at ,raleigh1 ,n4,c4 ,nov4 #bg1 #ahcf1 prea*$ two disc\rses on ! "* ( slav]y & ! duties ( ma/]s4 ,9 ^! 7,a ,repro( ( ! ,am]ican ,*ur*1 by ! ,bi%op ( ,ox=d2 ) an ,introduction1 by an ,am]ican ,*ur*man2 ,new ,york1 #ahdf1 p4 #f7 he decl>$ t no man1 nor set ( m5 9 our day1 unless !y c produce a new revelation f ,heav51 are entitl$ to pron\nce slav]y wrong2 & t slav]y1 z x exi/s at ! pres5t day1 is agreeable to ! ord] ( ,div9e ,provid5ce4 ,! ,"r ,rev4 ,levi ,s4 ,ives1 ,bi%op ( ! diocese1 0 pres5t2 &1 ?\gh a nor!rn man1 has 9 writ+ publi%$ t he li/5$ to !m ) mo/ unfeign$ pleasure6 7,ib4 p4 #g47 ,!y 7 aft]w>ds publi%$ ) ! bi%op's note ( approbation1 "u ! title1 ,! ,rights & ,duties ( ,slavehold]s4 ,!y 7 also pr9t$ 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & di/ribut$ gratuit\sly z a tract by ! ,society = ! ,advancem5t ( ,*ri/ianity1--a society compos$ ( cl]gym5 & laym51 ) ,bi%op ,b[5 at _! head4 7,ib4 pp4 #g1 #h47 ,rev4 ,!odore ,clapp1,a ! ,unit>ian m9i/] ( ,new ,orleans1 says 7,slav]y1 a ,s]mon deliv]$ 9 ! ,fir/ ,congregational ,*ur* 9 ,new ,orleans1 ,april #ae1 #ahch1 p4 #aa71 ,! same ,god :o gave ,abraham sun%9e1 air1 ra91 e>?1 flocks1 h]ds1 silv]1 & gold1 bless$ him ) a donative ( slaves4 ,ib4 p4 #cc3 ,to succe$1 !n1 9 putt+ d[n e ?+ l s]vitude1 y mu/ annihilate ! ^w ( ,god4 ,bi%op ,h$d+1 ( ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,*ur*1 says 7,! ,*ur* z x is1 p4 #ej71 ,! "r to hold a slave is f\nd$ on ?is rule1 ',!re=e1 all ?+s :atsoev] ye w\ld t m5 %\ld d to y1 d ye ev5 s unto !m4' ,! funds ( *ur*es & !ological in/itutions are n unfrequ5tly inve/$ 9 slaves4 ,sometimes ^! slaves are hir$ out at auction1 & f _! e>n+s ! sal>ies ( ! cl]gym5 & pr(essors are paid6 ,at o!r times1 !y are sold 9 ord] to *ange ! inve/m5t6 ,?us1 9 ! ,*>le/on ,c\ri]1 ,feb4 #ab1 #ahce1 !re is adv]tis$ = sale1 by ,?omas ,n4 ,gadsd51 a prime gang ( t5 negroes1 accu/om$ to ! culture ( cotton & provisions belong+ to ! ,indep5d5t ,*ur* 9 ,*ri/ ,*ur* p>i%6 7,! ,*ur* z x is1 p4 #gb47 ,no incr$ible /ory1 !re=e1 0 told by ! fugitive slave1 :o gave z 8 reason = n receiv+ ! ,"l's ,supp]1 ,i c\ld n be> to g =w>d1 & receive ! communion f vessels :i* 7 ! pur*ase ( my bro!r's blood4 ,9 ! memorial ( ! ,presbyt]y ( ,georgia to ! ,presbyt]ies ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates 9 #ahdd1 on ! religi\s in/ruction ( ! negroes1 x is /at$ t slaves are connect$ ) our *ur*es2 nay1 m1 !y are own$ by our *ur* memb]s & by our m9i/]s4--,:at is x1 asks ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,alb]t ,b>nes 7,s]mon 9 ,philadelphia 9 #ahdf1 ,! ,*ur* z x is1 p4 #ha71 t l5ds ! mo/ effici5t sanction to slav]y 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates8 ,:at is x t does mo/ to keep ! public consci5ce at ease on ! subject8 ,:at is x t r5d]s abortive all measures to remove ! evil8444 ,x is ! fact t ! sy/em is c\nt5anc$ by good m52 t bi%ops & prie/s & deacons1 t m9i/]s & eld]s1 t ,sunday-s*ool tea*]s & exhort]s1 t pi\s matrons & heiresses1 are ! hold]s ( slaves2 & t ! ecclesia/ical bodies ( ! l& address no language ( rebuke or entreaty to _! consci5ces4 ,m evid5ce to ! same po9t might be adduc$1 if ?\ght necess>y4 ,?is op5 v9dication ( ! rightfulness ( slavehold+ is by no means conf9$ to p]sons resid+ at ! ,s\?4 ,9 ! ye> #ahdg1 ! ,rev4 ,geo4 ,w4 ,blagd51 ( ,bo/on1 :o deliv]$ ! la/ ,dudleian ,lecture 9 ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 def5d$ slav]y f ! ,bible1 9 ! pulpit ( ,old ,s\? ,*ur*1 t second cradle ( ,lib]ty6 ,only la/ w9t] 7#ahdh71 a g5tleman ( ?is ,/ate1 ( high legal atta9m5ts1 at pres5t connect$ ) ! ,law ,s*ool 9 ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 9 conv]sation hesitat$ n to decl>e to u 8 op9ion1 t x 0 n desirable t slav]y %\ld cease6 ,& ,dr4 ,taylor1 ( ,yale ,college1 at ! head ( ! !ological dep>tm5t1 in/ructs 8 pupils1 c&idates = ! m9i/ry1 t1 if ,jesus ,*ri/ 7 n[ on e>?1 he w\ld1 "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 become a slavehold]6 7,! ,*ur* z x is1 p4 #ie47 ,op5 def5d]s ( slav]y are !re=e f\nd among ! =emo/ ( ! lead]s 9 ,*ur* & ,/ate4 ,& h[ few ( ! oppon5ts ( ! sy/em h a deep1 in]adicable conviction1 t slavehold+ is wrong "u all circum/ances6 ,our object is to create & deep5 ?is conviction4 ,to prove our position1 we %all n rely ^u ! physical condition ( ! slaves4 ,not)/&+ ! fact is o!rwise1 we are will+ to suppose t e slave is com=tably h\s$1 & has suffici5t food & clo?+4 ,^! may give ,ease to ! body "s1 none to ! m9d ,f re/less ?\ghts4 ,ev5 if 9 a com=table h\se1 ! slave is homeless6 ,no joys clu/] ar\nd 8 he>?/one6 ,he has no wife to %>e 8 sorr[s1 or to p>take 8 joys2 = nei!r law nor public op9ion sanctions ! m>riage ( slaves6 ,! v *ildr5 :om ! slave presses to 8 he>t are n reg>d$1 ei!r by law or public s5tim5t1 z 8 de> *ildr51 b only z "p ( ! /ock ( ! plantation6 ,"m & *ildr5 may be1 & are1 sold at auction1 & sep>at$ f him & f ea* o!r = ev]6 ,& yet ! he>t ( ! slave-"m ye>ns = h] *ildr5 z mu* z ! he>t ( ! :ite "m4 ,by giv+ me a spiritual nature capable ( improvem5t1 ,god has made x my duty to /rive to improve myself1--has decl>$ t ,i h a natural "r to improve myself1 & t any wanton or unnecess>y infr+em5t ( ?is "r is a wrong4 ,no man has ! "r to prev5t me1 or ! meane/ slave1 f e>ne/ly seek+ aft] wisdom2 to prev5t me1 or ! meane/ slave1 f becom+ pure 9 he>t2 or to dead5 my affections1 or ^? ( ! humble/ slave t walks4 ,9 keep+ a slave ignorant or impure1 or 9 blunt+ 8 affections1 ev5 ?\gh he is well f$1 clo!d1 & h\s$1 viol5ce is (f]$ to 8 nature2 8 ,god-giv5 rights are infr+$2 a wrong is done6 ,slavehold+ is wrong "u all circum/ances1 because x ei!r d>k5s ! m9ds1 brutalizes ! s\ls1 & dead5s ! affections ( ! slaves1 or1 )\t any necessity1 r5d]s su* spiritual dea? n m]ely possible1 b almo/ inevitable4 ,if x is wrong to murd] ! body1 h[ mu* m wrong is x to murd] ! s\l6 ,slavehold+ is murd] ( ! s\l6 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,direct ,,m5tal ,,in/ruction ,,( ,,slaves4 ,x is univ]sally ! fact ?r\gh\t ! ,slavehold+ ,/ates1 t ei!r cu/om or law prohibits !m i4e4 ! slaves ! acquisition ( lett]s4--,report made to ,synod ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia 9 #ahcc4 ,at a rec5t annual meet+ ( ! ,am]ican ,colonization ,society1 ! ,rev4 ,joel ,p>k]1 ,d4,d4 ( ,philadelphia1 a memb] ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 speak+ ( ! in/ruction ( ! color$ race1 is report$ to h us$ ! foll[+ language3--,!re seems to me1 9 connection ) ?is subject1 a beautiful illu/ration ( :at ,hall calls 'a fet* 9 ,div9e ,provid5ce4' ,god _h a design 9 br++ ^! p to ?is c\ntry 9 ! way he did4 ,we _c probably compreh5d ! :ole ( x2 b ?is we c see1 he has secur$ ! education ( ^? :o1 to all human appe>ance1 w\ld n & c\ld n h be5 educat$ 9 any o!r way4 ,!re are n[ 9 ?is c\ntry m ?an ?ree hundr$ ?\s& ,africans :o c read & write1 :o c\ld n h done x if x _h n be5 = ! slave-trade4 ,!re are _m 9 ?is c\ntry & 9 ,lib]ia :o are capable ( prea*+ ! gospel1 edit+ pap]s1 & p]=m+ all ! duties ( civil life1 :o mu/ h rema9$ 9 total d>kness b = ?is trade4 ,h[ came ?is p by all ?is k8 ,did anybody g to ,africa & tea* !m8 ,no6 ,x has be5 done by slav]y4444 ,& n[ we s5d !m back to ,africa1 ) a prep>ation = do+ a great "w !re1 :i* we nev] c\ld h imp>t$ to !m 9 any o!r way4444 ,9 ?is view ( ! subject1 we may p]ceive at lea/ "o good :i* slav]y has done to ,africa2 & ! "q may ) propriety be ask$1 :e!r x has n done = ,africa m good ?an h>m4 ,if we may believe ?is spiritual tea*]1 ! ,be+ :o made ( "o blood all ! nations ( m51 ! common ,fa!r ( u all1 himself design$ ! s*eme by :i* millions ( m51 wom51 & *ildr5 7 torn f _! homes & fri5ds1 & all !y held de>1 & br\ght to ?is c\ntry1 ?r\gh all ! horrors ( ! middle passage1 :]e a t]rible dea? reliev$ on an av]age at lea/ "o fif? ( ! victims f a sc>cely less t]rible life1--= ?is end 9 "p1 t1 aft] two c5turies ( wrongs1 n ev5 a ti! ( _! desc5dants might be return$ to ! l& ( _! fa!rs1 to tea* ! ,africans ! religion ( _! oppressors6 ,a truly t\*+ example ( ,god's lov+-k9dness & t5d] m]cy to all 8 *ildr56 ,t _m slaves h be5 in/ruct$ to ! ext5t /at$ by ,dr4 ,p>k] is true2 b !y h be5 educat$1 n 9 consequ5ce1 b 9 spite1 ( slav]y4 ,s ho/ile to m5tal culture is slav]y1 t b a slight exam9ation is ne$$ to satisfy u t x is nei!r pr(itable nor safe to educate a slave beyond a c]ta9 po9t4 ,)\t "s education1 a slave w\ld be worse ?an valueless4 ,f> ! l>g] numb] ( !m1 z field slaves1 are simply taught to use ! hoe1 & o!r in/rum5ts ( agriculture4 ,o!rs are br\ght up z c>p5t]s1 masons1 blacksmi?s1 h\se-s]vants1 c4 ,fr$]ick ,d\glass e>n$ a doll> & a half a day at caulk+2 :il/ ,william ,craft1 z a cab9et-mak] & occasional wait] at an hotel1 support$ himself1 & paid 8 own] tw5ty doll>s a mon? = ! "r to use 8 own muscles4 ,we occasionally meet ) su* adv]tisem5ts z ! foll[+1 cut f ! ,new ,orleans ,picayune1 ( ,oct4 #ah1 #ahdf3-- ,,cr$it ,,sale ,,( ,,valuable ,,negro ,,me*anics1 c4--,by ,be>d1 ,calh\n1 & ,co4 auctione]s1 w be sold at auction1 on ,tuesday ! #bj? ,octob]1 at twelve o'clock1 at ,banks's ,arcade1 ! foll[+ valuable slaves3--,ezekiel1 #be ye>s1 a sup]ior c>p5t]1 fully gu>anti$2 ,jacob1 #be ye>s1 a sup]ior c>p5t] & :eelwright1 fully gu>anti$2 ,dick1 #ce ye>s1 a sup]ior c>p5t] & :eelwright1 fully gu>anti$2 ,*>les1 #bh ye>s1 eng9e] & r\gh c>p5t]2 ,*>les1 #bb ye>s1 field h&1 fully gu>anti$1 except+ slightly ruptur$2 ,san*o1 #bf ye>s1 good h\se c>p5t]1 fully gu>anti$2 ,m>ia1 mulattress1 #bh ye>s1 fir/-rate wa%] & iron]1 fully gu>anti$2 ,m>ia1 negress1 #ac1 *ild's nurse1 fully gu>anti$4 ,t]ms3 ,twelve mon?s' cr$it = notes drawn & endors$ to ! satisfaction ( ! v5dor1 ) mortgage on ! prop]ty1 be>+ int]e/ eight p] c5t p] annum1 f date ( sale until paid4 ,slaves n to be deliv]$ until ! notes are approv$ (4 ,! s]vants c be se5 on ! morn+ ( sale4 ,act ( sale be=e ,d4 ,i4 ,ric>do1 not>y public1 at ! exp5se ( ! pur*as]4 ,9 ! same pap]1 ,alex&] ,daggett adv]tises = sale a negro man1 a fir/-rate blacksmi?4 ,9 ! ,ri*mond ,:ig ( ,jan4 #be1 #ahdh1 ,b5jam9 ,davis adv]tises = sale a negro man :o is a fir/-rate c>p5t] by trade2 also a r\gh blacksmi?4 ,9 ! ,*>le/on 7,s4,c47 ,m]cury1 ,?omas ,w4 ,mordecai1 brok] & auctione]1 "u date ,sept4 #a1 #ahdg1 adv]tises at private sale-- ,an uncommonly prime & likely black man1 ab\t #bb4 ,a prime woman1 a sup]ior wa%]1 & good cook & f>m h&4 ,a v prime axeman & field h&4 ,a sup]ior man-cook4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 necess>y to tea* a slave-me*anic or field h&1 or ev5 a prime woman1 to read or write1 9 ord] to make him or h] a pr(itable inve/m5t4 ,if we suppose ,william ,craft's value z a slave to h be5 two ?\s& doll>s1 8 ma/] receiv$ f 8 inve/m5t only twelve p] c5t cle> pr(it6 ,yet ,william c\ld nei!r read nor write4 ,he 0 a valuable work+ ma*9e4 ,to h him educat$ f>!r1 to h taught him to read or write1 w\ld h less5$ 8 m>ket value4 ,to tea* a slave ^! ?+s is to tea* him 8 rights1 & to make him ke5ly feel 8 wrongs4 ,mrs4 ,hugh ,auld taught ,fr$]ick ,d\glass 8 lett]s be=e slav]y _h h>d5$ h] naturally k9d he>t4 ,%e gave him ! in*1 z he says1 & no precaution c\ld prev5t 8 tak+ ! ell4 ,he taught himself to read & write1 & ?us describes ! effect produc$ by read+ a book call$ ,! ,columbian ,orator4 ,?is book conta9s "o or m ( ,%]idan's spee*es1 & a dialogue betwe5 a ma/] & 8 slave1 :]e9 ! slave is made to refute all ! argum5ts usually br\ght =w>d 9 support ( slav]y4 ,! m ,i read1 he says 7,n>rative1 p4 #dj71 ! m ,i 0 l$ to abhor & dete/ my enslav]s4 ,i c\ld reg>d !m 9 no o!r light ?an a b& ( successful robb]s1 :o _h left _! homes1 & gone to ,africa1 & /ol5 u f our homes1 & 9 a /range l& r$uc$ u to slav]y4 ,i loa!d !m z be+ ! meane/ z well z ! mo/ wick$ ( m54 ,z ,i read & contemplat$ ! subject1 behold6 t v discont5tm5t :i* ,ma/] ,hugh _h pr$ict$ w\ld foll[ my le>n+ to read _h already come1 to torm5t & /+ my s\l to unutt]able angui%4 ,z ,i wri!d "u x1 ,i c\ld at times feel t le>n+ to read _h be5 a curse1 r ?an a bless+4 ,x _h giv5 me a view ( my wret*$ condition1 )\t ! rem$y4 ,x op5$ my eyes to ! horrible pit1 b to no ladd] ^u :i* to get out4 ,9 mom5ts ( agony1 ,i envi$ my fell[-slaves = _! /upidity4 ,i h (t5 wi%$ myself a bea/4 ,i pref]r$ ! condition ( ! meane/ reptile to my own1--any ?+1 no matt] :at1 to get rid ( ?9k+6 ,x 0 ?is ev]la/+ ?9k+ ( my condition t torm5t$ me4 ,!re 0 no gett+ rid ( x4 ,z a necess>y result ( 8 le>n+ to read1 ,d\glass loa!d slav]y1 & dete/$ 8 enslav]s4 ,if he _h nev] read1 8 eyes w\ld nev] h be5 fully op5$ to ! ext5t ( 8 wrongs2 & :at is true ( him is true ( all o!r slaves4 ,any slave :o c read ,%]idan's d5unciations ( slav]y mu/1 l ,d\glass1 loa! 8 condition1 & dete/ 8 oppressors4 ,b a slave :o loa!s 8 condition1 & dete/s 8 oppressors1 w be refractory & disob$i5t4 ,a late writ] 9 ! ,*>le/on ,m]cury admits ?is :5 he rem>ks 7,william ,jay's ,lett] to ,bi%op ,ives1 #ahdh1 p4 #ab73-- ,x has be5 ! policy ( ?is ,/ate n to admit ! tea*+ to ! slaves1 ei!r ( read+ or writ+4 ,we all "k :y ?is is s4 ,x ne$$ no great scope ( argum5t to satisfy ^? :o fram$ our laws1 t ! expansion ( intellect1 ! hundr$ influ5ces :i* education g5]ates1 w\ld be v inconsi/5t ) habits ( ob$i5ce1 :i* 0 ! corn]-/one ( ! in/itution4 ,su* a slave w also try to escape at e fair opportunity2 &1 be+ able to write passes or =ge free pap]s1 ! *ances = successful escape are v mu* increas$4 ,! own]'s hold ^u him becomes daily m & m prec>i\s1 & consequ5tly ! slave's value z prop]ty daily dim9i%es4 ,s true is ?is1 t 9 ,l\isiana a buy] may legally refuse to take a slave1 if he has only abs5t$ himself f 8 ma/]'s h\se twice = sev]al days1 or once = m ?an a mon?4 ,! ,civil ,code 7,art4 #bdif1 #beje7 decl>es t ! vice ( "*1 z x is call$1 :i* is prov$ by ei!r ( ^! ,acts1 r5d]s ! slave absolutely useless1 or r5d]s 8 use s inconv5i5t or imp]fect t x mu/ be suppos$ no "o w\ld buy a slave :o 0 kn[n to h ?is vice4 ,e p>ticle ( in/ruction giv5 to a slave beyond :at is consi/5t ) 8 rema9+ a passive & ob$i5t1 work+ ma*9e1 is s mu* money tak5 f ! ma/]'s pocket4 ,nobody wants to inve/ 8 money 9 a slave :o is refractory or disob$i5t1 or :o runs away at e opportunity1--unless1 inde$1 he buys ! /ock1 9 consequ5ce1 at v mu* "u p>6 ,! value ( ,d\glass z a slave decreas$ j z fa/ z 8 manhood increas$2 & ,capt4 ,price n[ c&idly av[s1 t he hesitat$ "s "t be=e he inve/$ sev5 hundr$ doll>s 9 ,william ,w4 ,br[n2 = ,william 0 a not$ runaway6 ,! love ( money impels ! slavehold]s to keep _! slaves 9 ignorance4 ,n only ?is1 b an educat$ slave1 :o loa!s 8 condition & hates 8 oppressors1 is an unsafe memb] ( a h\sehold or a community4 ,8 means = tak+ a fe>ful v5geance are ample1 & :at consid]ation %all /ay 8 h&s8 ,none b an educat$ slave c plan or head an insurrection4 ,su* are ! ones :o always d take active "p 9 rebellions4 ,! h\se-s]vants con/itute ev]y:]e ! mo/ educat$ class4 ,none are m dread$ ?an !y1 = ?is reason 9 "p1 & p>tly because ( _! liv+ "u ! same ro( ) _! ma/]s4 ,9 a pamphlet publi%$ 9 ,*>le/on1 ,s4 ,c4 9 #ahbb1 p4 #ad1 by ,g54 ,?omas ,p9ckney1 speak+ ( h\se-s]vants1 he rem>ks3-- ,!y are ! mo/ dang]\s4 ,_! intimate acqua9tance ) all ! circum/ances relat+ to ! int]ior ( ! dwell+s1 ! confid5ce repos$ 9 !m1 & ! in=mation !y unavoidably obta9 f he>+ ! conv]sation & obs]v+ ! habitual transactions ( _! own]s1 af=d !m ! mo/ ample means = trea*]\s blood%$ & deva/ation4 ,! success1 !re=e1 ( s]vile conspiracies ma9ly dep5ds on ?is class = tak+ (f1 by midnight murd]1 _! unsuspect+ own]s2 & ! late trials1 by exhibit+ s l>ge a portion ( ?is description among ! r+lead]s ( ! conspiracy1 af=d a melan*oly pro( ( _! promptitude to become actors 9 su* sc5es4--,william ,jay's ,lett]1 c4 p4 #i4 ,! love ( life itself1 ! desire = ! safety ( _! wives & *ildr51 impels ! slavehold]s to keep _! slaves 9 ignorance4 ,two ( ! /ronge/ motives :i* c be br\ght to be> ^u man1 ! love ( money & ! love ( life1 are !re=e con/antly urg+ ! slavehold] to d>k5 ! m9ds ( 8 slaves4 ,if ! =m] ( ^! motives leads to ! commission ( s mu* wrong ev]y:]e1 :at w n bo? motives toge!r accompli% to ! injury ( ! slave8 ,b ! slavehold]s h n be5 will+ to tru/ :olly to ^! motives1 /rong ?\gh !y are4 ,9 _m ( ! ,/ates1 x is a p5al (f5ce to tea* a slave to read or write2 &1 :]e laws ( ?is k9d d n exi/1 cu/om1 z univ]sal1 p[]ful1 & remorseless z ! law1 accompli%es ! same wrong4 ,! foll[+ are "s ( ^! laws3-- ,! ,revis$ ,/atutes ( ,,nor? ,,c>ol9a1 *ap4 #cd1 sec4 #gd 7,revision ( ,/at4 #ahcj1 *ap4 #f1 ,sec4#a71 provide t ,any free p]son :o %all h]eaft] tea*1 or attempt to tea*1 any slave )9 ?is ,/ate to read or write1 ! use ( figures except$1 or %all give or sell to su* slave or slaves any books or pamphlets1 %all be liable to indictm5t 9 any c\rt ( record 9 ?is ,/ate hav+ jurisdiction !re(2 &1 ^u conviction1 %all1 at ! discretion ( ! c\rt1 if a :ite man or woman1 be f9$ n less ?an "o hundr$ doll>s1 nor m ?an two hundr$ doll>s1 or imprison$2 &1 if a free p]son ( color1 %all be f9$1 imprison$1 or :ipp$1 at ! discretion ( ! c\rt1 n exce$+ ?irty-n9e la%es1 nor less ?an tw5ty la%es4 ,*ap4 #aaa1 sec4 #bg 7,/atute1 #ahcj1 *ap4 #f1 ,sec4 #b71 provides t1-- ,if any slave %all tea*1 or attempt to tea*1 any o!r slave to read or write1 ! use ( figures except$1 he or %e may be c>ri$ be=e any ju/ice ( ! peace1 &1 on conviction !re(1 %all be s5t5c$ to receive ?irty-n9e la%es on 8 or h] b>e back4 ,9 ,,s\? ,,c>ol9a1 ! ,negro ,act 7#agdj1 ,sec4 #de2 #b ,brev4 ,dig4 #bdc71 provides t-- ,all & e p]son & p]sons :atsoev] :o %all h]eaft] tea*1 or cause any slave or slaves to be taught to write1 or %all use or employ any slave z a scribe 9 any mann] ( writ+ :atsoev]1 h]eaft] taught to write2 e su* p]son & p]sons %all1 = e su* (f5ce1 =feit ! sum ( "o hundr$ p\nds curr5t money4 ,9 ,,alabama 7,/atute1 #ahcb1 *ap4 #h1 ,sec4 #aj2 ,clay's ,dige/1 p4 #edc1 ,sec4 #bd71-- ,any p]son or p]sons :o %all attempt to tea* any free p]son ( color1 or slave1 to spell1 read1 or write1 %all1 ^u conviction !re( by indictm5t1 be f9$ 9 a sum n less ?an two hundr$ & fifty doll>s1 nor m ?an five hundr$ doll>s4 ,9 ,,georgia 7,p5al ,code approv$ ,dec4 #bc1 #ahcc1 #ac? div41 sec4 #ah2 ,pr9ce's ,dige/1 p4 #feh2 ,william ,a4 ,hot*kiss's ,codification1 #ahde1 p4 #ggb71-- ,if any p]son %all tea* any slave1 negro1 or free p]son ( color1 to read or write ei!r writt5 or pr9t$ *>act]s1 or %all procure1 suff]1 or p]mit a slave1 negro1 or p]son ( color1 to transact bus9ess = him 9 writ+1 su* p]son s (f5d+ %all be guilty ( a misdemeanor1 &1 on conviction1 %all be puni%$ by f9e1 or imprisonm5t 9 ! common jail ( ! c\nty1 or bo?1 at ! discretion ( ! c\rt4 ,9 ,,mississippi 7,h[>d ,hut*9son's ,laws1 p4 #fgc71 ,no slave or free p]son ( color c be employ$ 9 ! sett+ ( types 9 any pr9t+ (fice4 ,9 ,,miss\ri1 ! ,revis$ ,/atutes 7*ap4 #h1 sec4 #aj1 p4 #aag7 provide t1-- ,:5 an appr5tice is a negro or mulatto1 x %all n be ! duty ( ! ma/] to cause su* color$ appr5tice to be taught to read or write1 or a k ( ari?metic2 b he %all be all[$1 at ! expiration ( 8 t]m ( s]vice1 a sum ( money 9 lieu ( education1 to be assess$ by ! c\nty c\rt4 ,! ,act ( #ahdg 7approv$ ,feb4 #af1 ,sec4 #a7 reads1-- ,no p]son %all keep or tea* any s*ool = ! in/ruction ( negroes or mulattoes 9 read+ or writ+ 9 ?is ,/ate4 ,o!r simil> laws might be produc$2 b ^! suffice to exhibit1 9 a cle> light1 ! opportunities pres5t$ = ! m5tal in/ruction ( slaves6 ,9 "s ,/ates1 x is unlawful to tea* ev5 a ,,free color$ p]son to read or write6 ,t ^! laws h be5 almo/ univ]sally respect$ & obey$1 !re is no room to d\bt4 ,no "o has giv5 m att5tion to ?is subject ?an ! ,rev4 ,*as4 ,c4 ,jones1 ( ,savannah1 ,ga4 ,9 #ahdb he publi%$1 at ,savannah1 a "w1 conta9+ ! result ( 8 rese>*es1 entitl$ ,! ,religi\s ,in/ruction ( ! ,negroes 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 ?is "w1 p4 #aae1 he says1 ,! /atutes ( our respective ,slave ,/ates =bid all k ( lett]s to ! negroes2 &1 :]e ! /atutes d n1 cu/om does4 ,x is impossible to =m an e/imate ( ! numb] ( negroes t read4 ,my belief is1 t ! proportion w\ld be express$ by ,,an ,,almo/ ,,inconceivable ,,fraction4 ,! greate/ numb] ( read]s is f\nd 9 & ab\t t[ns & cities1 & among ! ,,free negro population "s two or ?ree g5]ations remov$ f s]vitude4--,z a confirmation ( ?is te/imony ( ,mr4 ,jones1 we "k no great] pro( t ! degrad$ class 9 any community is almo/ :olly un$ucat$1 ?an t a l>ge portion ( ! privileg$ class is s4 ,! law ( comp5sation is div9e4 ,we _c degrade or brutalize our fell[-m51 )\t degrad+ or brutaliz+ ourselves4 ,n[1 we f9d t1 9 ! ,slave ,/ates1 almo/ "o t5? ( ! free :ite population ov] tw5ty ye>s ( age are unable to read & write6 ,to "s p]sons ?is may seem a small proportion2 b1 9 ! ,free ,/ates1 ) all our ignorance1 !re are less ?an "o 9 "o hundr$ & fifty6 & ,horace ,mann1 ! be/ au?ority on ?is subject1 says t at lea/ f\r fif?s ( ^! are =eign]s1 :o ought n to be includ$ 9 ! computation4 ,9 ,connecticut1 out ( #afc1hdc free p]sons ov] tw5ty ye>s ( age1 !re are only #ebf :o are unable to read & write2 :ile1 9 ! model ,slave ,/ate ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 out ( only #aaa1ffc free :ite p]sons ov] tw5ty ye>s ( age1 !re are #bj1fae :o _c read & write6 ,9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 says ,!odore ,p>k]1 out ( ea* #fbf free :ites m ?an tw5ty ye>s ( age1 !re are m ?an #eh :olly unable to read or write2 out ( t numb] ( su* p]sons 9 ,connecticut1 n q two6 ,m ?an ! six? "p ( ! adult freem5 ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a are unable to read ! vote !y deposit 9 ! ballot-box6 ,& ,gov4 ,cl>ke1 ( ,k5tucky1 decl>$ 9 8 message to ! legislature 9 #ahcg1 t "o ?ird ( ! adult population ( t ,/ate 7 unable to write _! names6 ,:ile su* is ! /ate ( ! freem51 x is impossible t any consid]able numb] ( ! slaves %\ld become educat$4 ,) ^! facts be=e u1 x is impossible n to admit ! correctness ( ,mr4 ,jones's conclusion4 ,only an almo/ inconceivable fraction ( ?ree millions ( slaves c read or write6 ,^! are taught by _! own]s1 or ) _! connivance2 & ( !m we %all speak h]eaft]4 ,b1 tak5 z a mass1 ! slaves are truly describ$ by a writ] 9 ! ,m>ysville 7,t5nessee7 ,intellig5c] z be+ degrad$1 /upid savages4 ,we may add1 n naturally degrad$ & /upid1 b made & kept s 9 op5 violation ( _! rights z human be+s1 = ! sake ( ga96 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,moral ,,& ,,religi\s ,,condition ,,( ,,! ,,slaves4 ,_! depravity1 _! spiritual ignorance & de/itution1 are amaz+ly & awfully great4--,rev4 ,c4 ,c4 ,jones's ,cate*ism2 preface1 p4 #d4 ,:5 ! *>ge ( ! intellectual & moral degradation ( ! slaves is pref]r$ aga9/ u1 says ,mr4 ,jones,b 7,religi\s ,in/ruction1 p4 #ajg71 we are incl9$ to put ! be/ face on affairs1 kn[+ t ?is is ! d>ke/ feature & ! mo/ vuln]able po9t4 ,_! notions ( ! ,supreme ,be+ 7ib4 p4 #abe72 ( ! "* & (fices ( ,*ri/ & ( ! ,holy ,gho/2 ( a future /ate2 & ( :at con/itutes hol9ess ( life1 are indef9ite & confus$4 ,"s br\ght up 9 a ,*ri/ian l&1 & 9 ! vic9ity ( ! h\se ( ,god1 h he>d ( ,jesus ,*ri/2 b :o he is1 & :at he has done = a ru9$ _w1 !y _c tell4 ,! ,mohamm$an ,africans rema9+ ( ! old /ock ( importations1 al?\gh accu/om$ to he> ! gospel prea*$1 h be5 kn[n to accommodate ,*ri/ianity to ,mohamm$anism4 ',god1' say !y1 'is ,allah1 & ,jesus ,*ri/ is ,mohamm$3 ! religion is ! same2 b diff]5t c\ntries h diff]5t names4' ,true religion !y are incl9$ to place 9 pr(ession1 9 =ms & ord9ances1 & 9 excit$ /ates ( feel+2 & true conv]sion1 9 dreams1 visions1 trances1 voices1--all be>+ a p]fect or /rik+ resemblance to "s =m or type :i* has be5 h&$ d[n = g5]ations1 or :i* has be5 orig9at$ 9 ! wild fancy ( "s religi\s tea*] among !m4 ,page #abf3 ,sometimes pr9ciples ( conduct are adopt$ by *ur* memb]s at s mu* v>iance ) ! gospel t ! 'grace ( ,god is turn$ into lascivi\sness4' ,= example1 t :i* w\ld be an abom9able s91 committ$ by a *ur* memb] ) a worldly p]son1 becomes no s9 at all if committ$ ) ano!r *ur* memb]4 ,! bre?r5 mu/ 'be> "o ano!r's burd5s1 & s fulfil ! law ( ,*ri/4'444 ,to "k ! ext5t ( _! ignorance1 ev5 :]e !y h be5 accu/om$ to ! s\nd ( ! gospel 9 :ite *ur*es1 a man %\ld make inve/igation = himself3 ! result w frequ5tly surprise & fill him ) grief4 ,!y sc>cely feel %ame = _! ignorance on ! subject ( religion1 al?\gh !y may h _h abundant opportunity ( becom+ wis]4 ,ignorance !y seem to feel is _! lot2 & t feel+ is intimately associat$ ) ano!r1 e way cong5ial to ! natural man1 namely1 a feel+ ( irresponsibility3 ignorance is a cloak & excuse = crime4 ,page #abg3 ,he :o c>ries ! gospel to !m enc\nt]s depravity1 intr5*$ 9 ignorance1 bo? real & pret5d$4 ,he beholds ! ,scripture fulfill$1 ',hav+ ! und]/&+ d>k5$1 be+ ali5at$ f ! life ( ,god ?r\gh ! ignorance t is 9 !m1 because ( ! h>dness ( _! he>ts1' ,eph4 iv4 #ag-ai4 ,he discov]s deism 7671 scepticism 76671 univ]salism 76667444 ',!y are wise to d evil2 b to d good !y h no k4' ,intimately connect$ ) _! ignorance is _! sup]/ition4 ,!y believe 9 second sight1 9 app>itions1 *>ms1 wit*craft1 & 9 a k9d ( irresi/ible ,satanic influ5ce4 ,! sup]/itions br\ght f ,africa h n be5 :olly laid aside 7p4 #abh74 ,ignorance & sup]/ition r5d] !m easy dupes to _! tea*]s1 doctors1 prophets1 conjur]s2 to artful1 design+ m54 ,:5 fairly committ$ to su* lead]s1 !y may be br\ght to ! commission ( almo/ any crime4 ,facts 9 _! hi/ory prove ?is4 ,on c]ta9 occasions1 !y h be5 made to believe1 t1 :ile !y c>ri$ ab\t _! p]sons "s *>m ) :i* !y _h be5 furni%$1 !y 7 invuln]able4,c ,!y h1 on c]ta9 o!r occasions1 be5 made to believe t !y 7 "u a protection t r5d]$ !m inv9cible4444 ,!y h be5 kn[n to be s p]fectly & fe>fully "u ! influ5ce ( "s lead] or conjur] or m9i/]1 t !y h n d>$ to disobey him 9 ! lea/ p>ticul>2 nor to disclose _! own int5d$ or p]petrat$ crimes1 9 view ( inevitable dea? itself2 not)/&+ all o!r influ5ces br\ght to be> ^u !m4 ,! discipl9e ( color$ memb]s is involv$1 t$i\s1 vexati\s1 & disgu/+ 7p4 #aca74 ,excommunications & susp5sions are ( p]petual occurr5ce1 = crimes %ock+ 9 "*1 & ( !mselves suffici5t to %[ ! g5]al /ate ( morals2 su*1 = example1 z adult]y1 =nication1 !ft1 ly+1 drunk5ness1 qu>rell+1 & fight+4 ,! fir/ ?ree are _! mo/ common vices4 ,page #ace3 ,!y are1 prov]bially1 ?ieves4 ,!y be> ?is "* 9 ,africa2 !y h borne x 9 all c\ntries :i!r !y h be5 c>ri$2 x has be5 ! "* ( slaves 9 all ages1 :atev] _! nation or color4 ,!y /eal f ea* o!r1 f _! ma/]s1 f anybody4444 ,_! v]acity is nom9al4 ,page #acf3 ,! numb]1 ! v>iety1 & +5uity ( falsehoods t c be told by !m 9 a few brief mom5ts1 is mo/ a/oni%+4444 ,s]vants1 h[ev]1 :o w nei!r /eal nor lie1 may be f\nd1 & 9 no inconsid]able numb]s4 ,o!r simil> extracts1 & t\*+ o!r vices1 might be giv52 b ^! seem amply suffici5t to ju/ify ! g5]al conclusion to :i* ,mr4 ,jones arrives1 p4 #aec1 t !y are1 intellectually & morally1 a degrad$ p1 ! mo/ s ( any 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & :ile1 f _! univ]sal 787 pr(ession ( ! ,*ri/ian sy/em1 & _! att5dance ^u its ord9ances ( wor%ip1 & ! abs5ce ( all fix$ =ms ( idolatry1 !y _c /rictly be t]m$ hea!n1 yet may !y ) propriety be t]m$ ! hea!n ( our l&4 ,9 a s]mon prea*$ by him 9 ,georgia1 & publi%$ at ,savannah 9 #ahca1 he calls !m a nation ( hea!n 9 our v mid/ 7,jay's ,lett]1 p4 #aa74 ,abundant confirmation ( ?is conclusion exi/s4 ,! ,hon4 ,*as4 ,c4 ,p9ckney1 9 8 ,address be=e ! ,agricultural ,society ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a 7,*>le/on1 #ahbi1 second edit4 pp4 #aj-ab2 ,jones's ,relig4 ,in/4 p4 #ada71 says1 ,!re ne$s no /rong] illu/ration ( ! doctr9e ( human depravity ?an ! /ate ( morals on plantations 9 g5]al4 ,:o w\ld cr$it x1 asks ! ,committee ( ! ,synod ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia 9 #ahcc1 t1 9 ^! ye>s ( revival & b5evol5t ef=t1 9 ?is ,*ri/ian republic1 !re are ov] two millions ( human be+s 9 ! condition ( hea!n1 & 9 "s respects 9 a worse condition8 ,f long-cont9u$ & close obs]vation1 we believe t _! moral & religi\s condition is su* t !y may ju/ly be consid]$ ! hea!n ( ?is ,*ri/ian c\ntry4 ,! ,executive ,committee ( ! ,k5tucky ,union = ! ,moral & ,religi\s ,improvem5t ( ! ,color$ ,race1 9 _! ,circul> to ! ,m9i/]s ( ! ,gospel 9 ,k5tucky1 #ahcd 7,jones's ,relig4 ,in/4 p4 #adc71 say1 ,we desire n to repres5t t condition worse ?an x is4 ,d\btless1 ! light t %9es ar\nd !m1 m or less illum9ates _! m9ds1 & moralizes _! *>act]s4 ,we hope & believe1 t "s ( !m1 ?\gh poor 9 ?is _w's goods1 w be f\nd ri* 9 spiritual possessions 9 ! day :5 ! ,k+ ( ,zion %all make up 8 jewels4 ,we "k t _m ( !m are includ$ 9 ! visible *ur*1 & frequ5tly exhibit great zeal2 b x is to be fe>$1 t x is (t5 a zeal )\t k2 & ( ! majority x mu/ be confess$1 t ! light %9e? 9 d>kness1 & ! d>kness compreh5de? x n4 ,aft] mak+ all reasonable all[ances1 our color$ population c be consid]$1 at ! mo/1 b semi-hea!n4 ,9 view ( ^! /atem5ts1 we _c b be =c$ to ! conclusion1 t ! slaves1 z a body1 are 9 an extremely degrad$ moral & religi\s condition4 ,t !y are naturally ?us1 ev5 ,mr4 ,jones d5ies 7,relig4 ,in/ruction1 p4 #abd74 ,he says1 ,z to moral & religi\s "*1 ! negroes are naturally :at o!r m5 are4 ,t !y are s mu* m degrad$ ?an o!rs mu/1 !n1 be ow+ to _! education or _! social condition4 ,! inf]5ce1 !re=e1 is unavoidable t !y h be5 ?us degrad$ by o!rs4 ,! wrong re/s ^u ^? :o h d5i$ !m ! means ( education1 & :o h kept !m 9 slav]y1--^u ^? :o h ?us degrad$ _! m9ds & s\ls1 9 ord] t _! bodies might rema9 9 slav]y6 ,9 violation ( ! slave's de>e/ rights1 all ! highe/1 noble/1 & pure/ in/9cts ( 8 nature h be5 de/roy$1 9 ord] to advance ! pecuni>y int]e/s ( ! man :o ga9s 8 =tune f ! blood ( s\ls6 ,are ^? slaves :o enjoy moral & religi\s in/ruction any bett] (f8 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,moral ,,& ,,religi\s ,,tea*]s ,,( ,,! ,,slaves4 ,q4 ,:5 y he> ! m9i/] prea*1 are y n to li/5 to him z ! m9i/] ( ,god2 ,god's mess5g] to y\r s\l8 ,a4 ,yes4--,jones's ,cate*ism1 p4 #adj4 ,by ! provid5ce & ^w ( ,god1 says ,mr4 ,jones 7,religi\s ,in/ruction1 pp4 #afe1 #aff71 are we "u obligations to imp>t ! gospel to our s]vants4444 ,we _c disreg>d ?is obligation 444 )\t =feit+ our humanity1 our gratitude1 our consi/5cy1 & our claim to ! _s ( ,*ri/ianity itself4 ,our humanity4444 ,! ,"l ,jesus has furni%$ u ) ! mo/ beautiful & /rik+ illu/rations ( ?is virtue3--',:at man %all !re be among y1 t %all h "o %eep2 &1 if x fall into a pit1 w he n lay hold on x1 & lift x out8' ',do? n ea* "o ( y loose 8 ox or 8 ass f ! /all1 & lead him away to wat]+8 ,& ought n ?is woman1 be+ a daught] ( ,abraham1 :om ,satan ha? b\nd1 lo1 ^! eighte5 ye>s1 be loos$ f ?is bond8'444 ,apply ! reason+3 ',h[ mu*1 !n1 is a man bett] ?an a %eep or an ox8' ,:5 our s]vants are sick & diseas$1 we d n suff] !m to want3 we physic & nurse !m 7874 ,b are n _! s\ls m preci\s ?an _! bodies8 ,mu* m1 !n1 %\ld we lift our s]vants f ! pit ( ignorance1 moral pollution & dea?1 into :i* !y h fall54 ,mu* m %\ld we /rive to loose !m 7b\nd = s _m ye>s67 f ! bonds ( s9 & ,satan1 & lead away _! fami%+ s\ls to ! wat] ( life4 ,our gratitude4 ,!y nurse u 9 infancy1 contribute to our pleasures & pa/imes 9 y\?1 & furni% u ) ! means ( education4 ,!y con/itute our weal?1 & yield u all ! com=ts & conv5i5ces ( life4 ,!y may1 9 a degree1 adopt t[>ds u ! language ( ,jacob to ,laban1 ',?us ,i 03 9 ! day ! dr\ght consum$ me1 & ! fro/ by night1 & my sleep dep>t$ f m9e eyes4' ,!y wat* ar\nd our langui%+ b$s 9 sickness1 %>e 9 our mis=tunes1 weep ov] u :5 we die1 prep>e u = ! burial1 & c>ry u to ! h\se appo9t$ = all ! liv+4 ,! obligations1 ! sacrifice1 & s]vice are n to be all on "o side1 9 ! relation ( ma/] & s]vant4 ,if we h be5 made p>tak]s ( _! c>nal ?+s1 our duty is also to m9i/] unto !m 9 spiritual ?+s1,d ,rom4 xv4 #bg4 #a ,cor4 ix4 #aa4 ,& %all we consid] x a great ?+ to fulfil ?is duty8 ,! k9de/ & ! mo/ grateful return :i* we c make !m is to put !m 9 possession ( ! ri*e/ gift ( ,god to m51 ! gospel ( our ,"l & ,savi\r ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,h[ f> has ! exi/5ce or utt]ance ( su* s5tim5ts z ^! result$ 9 secur+ to ! slaves a s\nd moral & religi\s in/ruction8 ,:at k9d ( tea*]s & :at k9d ( in/ruction are ?\ght to be consi/5t ) prop] feel+s ( gratitude & humanity on ! "p ( ma/]s8 ,we h j se5 ! deep moral degradation ( ! v great majority ( ! slaves4 ,/ill !re are at ! pres5t "t1 says ,mr4 ,jones 7p4 #ajj71 t5s ( ?\s&s connect$ by a cr$ible pr(ession to ! *ur* ( ,*ri/1 & ! gospel is rea*+ !m to a great] ext5t & 9 great] purity & p[] ?an ev] be=e4 ,by :om is ! gospel ?us prea*$ to !m 9 purity & p[]8 ,:o is x t m9i/]s unto !m 9 spiritual ?+s1 & leads away _! fami%+ s\ls to ! wat] ( life8 ,^? :o w\ld keep ! ,bible f _! fell[-creatures are ! enemies ( ,god & man4 ,! ,bible belongs ( "r to e man4 ,x is ! prop]ty ( ! _w4 ,?us speaks ! ,prote/ant def5d] ( slav]y1 ,*>les ,c4 ,jones 7,cate*ism1 p4 #hj74 ,b to prev5t a slave f read+ ! ,bible is n by any means to keep ! ,bible f him6 ,9 :at a ,ca?olic _s he ?us exhorts ! slaves6 7,cate*ism1 p4 #gi7 ,:at b5efit w ?is preci\s book be to u1 unless we dilig5tly /udy x1 & embrace opportunities ( receiv+ in/ruction f x1 su* z are af=d$ u 9 ! h\se ( ,god1 9 ! sabba?-s*ool1 & 9 ! ,bible-class8 ',se>* ! ,scriptures' is ! ,r$eem]'s comm&4,e ,we _c1 he says 7,religions ,in/ruction1 p4 #afg71 cry out aga9/ ! ,papi/s = )hold+ ! ,scriptures f ! common p1 & keep+ !m 9 ignorance ( ! way ( life2 = our inconsi/5cy is z great z !irs1 if we )hold ! ,bible f our s]vants1 & keep !m 9 ignorance ( its sav+ tru?s1 :i* we c]ta9ly d :ile we w n provide ways & means ( hav+ x read & expla9$ to !m6 ,s readily1 at ! bidd+ ( slav]y1 w ,prote/ants surr5d] ! mo/ di/9ctive feature ( ,prote/antism6 ,x is obvi\s1 t1 if any religi\s in/ruction is to be imp>t$ to slaves1 x mu/ be giv5 !m by o!rs4 ,b x is 9 ! p[] ( ! own] to =bid all su* in/ruction4 ,! :ole arrangem5t ( ! religi\s in/ruction ( ! negroes1 z to tea*]s1 times1 places1 matt] & mann]1 is 9 our own p[]1 says ,mr4 ,jones 7ib4 p4 #ih74 ,! ,presbyt]y ( ,georgia1 9 ! memorial be=e allud$ to1 says-- ,! law ( ! l& makes & c make no provision = _! religi\s in/ruction4 ,t in/ruction is committ$ to own]s1 z ! in/ruction ( *ildr5 is to p>5ts2 & !y c give or )hold x at pleasure4 ,we own]s & m9i/]s are '! almon]s ( div9e m]cy to !m1' &1 if we d n op5 ! door ( salvation1 !y may grope _! way into a mis]able et]nity2 = !y h no p[] ( any k9d to orig9ate & e/abli% & c>ry =w>d *ur* organizations & associations = _! own b5efit4 ,!y are entirely dep5d5t ^u u = ! gospel ( salvation4 ,we may1 says ,mr4 ,jones 7,religi\s ,in/ruction1 p4 #aeh71 accord+ to ! p[] lodg$ 9 our h&s1 =bid religi\s meet+s & religi\s in/ruction on our own plantations2 we may =bid our s]vants go+ to *ur* at all1 or only to su* *ur*es z we may select = !m2 we may lit]ally %ut up ! k+dom ( heav5 aga9/ m51 & suff] n !m t are ent]+ to g 96 ,:]ev] an own] is will+ to p]mit su* in/ruction1 x mu/ /ill be c>ri$ on :olly by oral communications4 ,?is imm5se mass ( immortal be+s1 says ,mr4 ,jones1 is ?r[n = religi\s in/ruction ^u oral communications entirely 7ib4 p4 #aeg74 ,t any oral in/ruction ( ! adult or ag$ slaves is wor? b little he evid5tly admits1 because he says 7ib4 p4 #bbi71 ,if a p are to be in/ruct$ orally1 let ! in/ruction be communicat$ to !m 9 e>ly life2 & ! great hope ( p]man5tly b5efit+ ! negroes is laid 9 sabba?-s*ools1 9 :i* *ildr5 & y\? may be tra9$ up 9 ! k ( ! ,"l4 ,our m9ds are s con/itut$1 t1 unless our p[]s ( memory h be5 /r5g!n$ by con/ant or frequ5t use 9 y\?1 we _c 9 aft]-life ei!r receive or reta9 mu* b5efit f oral in/ruction4 ,& if ?is is true ( ! freeman1 h[ mu* m is x true ( ! slave6 ,consequ5tly1 ! only me?od ( in/ruct+ ! slaves1 :i* law or cu/om or bo? d n =bid1 is ! v la/1--! poore/ me?od = _! real good :i* c be devis$6 ,!re are color$ prea*]s at ! ,s\?1 & "s ( !m1 says ,mr4 ,jones1 are able to read 7ib4 p4 #age74 ,! foll[+ anecdote1 illu/rative ( _! capacity to imp>t k1 is told by ,*>les ,lyell4 ,:5 9 ,l\isville1 ,ky4 he att5d$ a ,me?odi/ ,*ur*4 ,! prea*] 0 a full black1 spoke good ,engli%1 & quot$ ,scripture well4 ,x appe>$1 says ,pr(4 ,lyell1 f 8 explanation ( ',^: sup]scription is ?is8' t he suppos$ ! piece ( money to be a doll> note1 to :i* ,caes> _h put 8 signature4 ,"s1 probably mo/ ( !m1 are slaves4 ,we h n[ be=e u ! adv]tisem5t ( a runaway slave :o claim$ to be a ,me?odi/ prea*]6 ,! ,alabama ,bapti/ ,association b\ght "o ( its mission>ies1 nam$ ,caes>1 9 #ahbh1 & own$ him till ! "t ( 8 dea?6 ,he liv$ to be #gf ye>s old4 ,a writ] 9 ! ,georgia ,*ri/ian ,index beg9s an obitu>y notice ( him ?us1 ,a good color$ man has fall5 9 ,israel2 & ends by say+1 ,! writ] c truly say t 8 labors h be5 mu* ble/4 ,mr4 ,jones gives ! names ( sev]al o!r slave prea*]s4 ,/ill1 h[ev]1 !y are disc\nt5anc$4 ,! ,revis$ ,/atutes ( ,,nor? ,,c>ol9a 7*ap4 #aaa1 sec4 #cd2 ,revision ( ,/atute1 #ahca1 *ap4 #d1 sec4 #a7 provide t-- ,x %all n be lawful1 "u any pret5ce1 = any slave or free p]son ( color to prea* or exhort 9 public1 or 9 any mann] to (ficiate z a prea*] or tea*] 9 any pray]-meet+ or o!r association = wor%ip :]e slaves ( diff]5t families are collect$ toge!r2 & if any free p]son ( color %all be !re( duly convict$1 on indictm5t1 be=e any c\rt hav+ jurisdiction !re(1 he %all = ea* (f5ce receive n exce$+ ?irty-n9e la%es on 8 b>e back2 & :5 any slave %all be guilty ( a violation ( ?is section1 he %all1 on conviction be=e a s+le magi/rate1 receive n exce$+ ?irty-n9e la%es on 8 b>e back4 ,9 ,,alabama 7,/at4 #ahcb1 *ap4 #h1 sec4 #bd2 ,clay's ,dige/1 #ede1 sec4 #ce71-- ,if any slave or free p]son ( color %all prea* to1 exhort1 or h>angue any slave or slaves or free p]sons ( color1 unless 9 ! pres5ce ( five respectable 767 slavehold]s1 any su* slave or free p]son ( color s (f5d+ %all1 on conviction be=e any ju/ice ( ! peace1 receive1 by ord] ( said ju/ice ( ! peace1 ?irty-n9e la%es = ! fir/ (f5ce1 & fifty la%es = e (f5ce !reaft]2 & any p]son may arre/ any su* slave or free p]son ( color1 & take him be=e a ju/ice ( ! peace = trial1--,provid$ t ! negroes s h>angu+ or prea*+ %all be lic5s$ !reto by "s regul> body ( pr(ess+ ,*ri/ians imm$iately 9 ! neighborhood1 & to ^: society or *ur* su* negro %all prop]ly belong4 ,9 ,,georgia1 ! ,act approv$ ,dec4 #bc1 #ahcc1 sec4 #e 7,pr9ce's ,dige/1 #hjh2 ,hot*kiss's ,codification1 #hdj1 #hda71 provides t-- ,no p]son ( color1 :e!r free or slave1 %all be all[$ to prea* to1 exhort1 or jo9 9 any religi\s ex]cise )1 any p]sons ( color1 ei!r free or slave1 !re be+ m ?an sev5 p]sons ( color pres5t1 c4 ,9 ,,mississippi1 ! law decl>es 7,h[4 & ,hut*4 #agh7 t-- ,x %all n be lawful = any slave1 free negro or mulatto to ex]cise ! functions ( a m9i/] ( ! gospel "u ! p5alty ( ?irty-n9e la%es1--,provid$ t x %all be lawful = any ma/] or own] to p]mit 8 slave to prea* ^u 8 own premises1 b n to p]mit any o!r slaves b 8 own to assemble !re on su* occasion4 ,9 ,,miss\ri1 ! ,act approv$ ,feb4 #af1 #ahdg1 sec4 #b1 provides t-- ,no meet+ or assemblage ( negroes or mulattoes = ! purpose ( religi\s wor%ip or prea*+ %all be held or p]mitt$1 :]e ! s]vices are p]=m$ or conduct$ by negroes or mulattoes1 unless "s %]iff1 con/able1 m>%al1 police (fic]1 or ju/ice ( ! peace %all be pres5t dur+ all ! "t ( su* meet+ or assemblage1 9 ord] to prev5t all s$iti\s spee*es & disord]ly & unlawful conduct ( e k9d4 ,negro prea*]s are disc\rag$1 says ,mr4 ,jones 7,religi\s ,in/ruction1 p4 #aeg71 if n suppress$1 on ! gr\nd ( incompet5cy1 & liability to abuse _! (fice & influ5ce to ! injury ( ! morals ( ! p1 & ! infr+em5t ( ! laws & peace ( ! c\ntry4 ,i w\ld n g all ! l5g?s ( _m on ?is po9t2 =1 f my own obs]vation1 negro prea*]s may be employ$ & confid$ 91 & s regulat$ z to d _! own color great good1 & community no h>m4 ,ib4 p4 #bgd3 ,! appo9tm5t ( color$ prea*]s & wat*m5 by ! :ite *ur*es1 & "u _! p>ticul> sup]vision1 9 _m di/ricts ( c\ntry1 has be5 att5d$ ) happy effects2 & su* auxili>ies1 prop]ly manag$1 may be ( great advantage4 ,d\btless1 :5 ?us prop]ly manag$1 !y are ( great advantage6 ,i %all nev] =get1 says ,mr4 ,jones 7ib4 p4 #bae71 ! rem>k ( a v5]able color$ prea*]1 made ) ref]5ce to ! ,s\?ampton trag$y 7i4e4 ,nat4 ,turn]'s insurrection 9 ,s\?ampton1 ,va4 9 #ahcb74 ,) 8 eyes fill$ ) te>s1 & 8 :ole mann] indicat+ ! deepe/ emotion1 said he1 ',sir1 x is ! gospel t we1 ignorant & wick$ p1 ne$4767 ,if y w give u ! gospel1 x w d m = ! ob$i5ce ( s]vants & ! peace ( community ?an all y\r gu>ds & guns & bayonets4' ,?is same ,*ri/ian m9i/]1 on receiv+ a packet ( inflammatory pamphlets ?r\gh ! po/-(fice1 & discov]+ _! "* & int5tion1 imm$iately call$ ^u ! mayor ( ! city1 & deliv]$ !m into 8 h&s4 ,:o c e/imate ! value 9 community ( "o su* man act+ "u ! influ5ce ( ! gospel ( peace8 ,n only are negro prea*]s ?us disc\nt5anc$1 unless !y are ! abject tools ( ! slavehold]s1 b only a c]ta9 class ( :ite tea*]s are all[$4 ,! foll[+ extract is tak5 f ! ,georgia ,*ri/ian ,index3-- ,,prea*]s ,,= ,,! ,,slaves4--,we ?9k ! in/ruction ( ! blacks 9 ! ,s\? %\ld be committ$ :olly to :ite m52 & !y %\ld be ,s\!rn m51 9 :om ! ma/]s h confid5ce4 ,if ! prea*] is himself a slavehold]1 z are ,mr4 ,jones & ,mr4 ,law1 !y w comm& ! great] confid5ce1 & h access to ! l>g] numb] ( plantations4 ,! field ( labor among ! negroes 9 ! ,s\?1 says ,mr4 ,jones 7,religi\s ,in/ruction1 p4 #aif71 is "o1 9 _m respects1 ( no ord9>y difficulty2 & x is ! dictate z well ( b5evol5ce z ( prud5ce to inquire into ! "* & qualifications ( ^? :o ent] x4 ,!y %\ld be ,s\!rn m52 m5 entitl$ to t appellation2 ei!r ^? :o h be5 born & re>$ 9 ! ,s\?1 or ^? :o h id5tifi$ !mselves ) ! ,s\?1 & are famili>ly acqua9t$ ) ! /ructure ( society2 9 a ^w1 m5 hav+ _! int]e/s 9 ! ,s\?4 ,su* m5 w\ld possess ! confid5ce ( ! community2 = !y w\ld n act1 9 _! (ficial connection ) ! negroes1 9 su* a mann] z to bre$ di/urbances1 :i* w\ld inevitably jeop>d _! own lives1 & t5d to ! utt] pro/ration ( _! families & int]e/s4 ,ib4 p4 #bce3 ,! mission>ies %\ld be ,s\!rn m51 or m5 444 id5tifi$ 9 views1 feel+s1 & int]e/s ) ! ,s\?1 & :o possess ! confid5ce ( society4 ,we %\ld 7ib4 p4 #aig7 "k :o _! tea*]s are1 & :at & :5 & :]e !y are taught4 ,! object ( ^! laws & precautions evid5tly is :olly to exclude1 z religi\s tea*]s ( ! slaves1 all p]sons except slavehold]s1 or ^? :o are fully id5tifi$ ) or subject to !m4 ,only slavehold]s & _! tools c be ,god's mess5g]s to ! s\ls ( ! slaves6 ,! moral & religi\s tea*+ ( ! slaves is exclusively ve/$ 9 t class ( m5 ^: int]e/ x is to uphold & /r5g!n slav]y6 ,a slavehold] mu/ h ! /ronge/ inducem5t to make 8 tea*+ ( su* a quality z directly to increase ! m>ket value ( 8 he>]s2 & yet ! slaves are receiv+ f ! hall[$ lips ( _! own]s ! gospel ( love & human bro!rhood 9 great] purity & p[] ?an ev] be=e6 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,direct ,,religi\s ,,in/ruction ,,( ,,slaves4 ,ha? ,he n br\ght y out ( a l& ( d>kness & ignorance1 :]e y\r =efa!rs knew no?+ ( him1 to a c\ntry :]e y may come to ! k ( ! only true ,god1 & le>n a sure way to heav58--,"r ,rev4 ,bi%op ,meade's ,in/ruction to ,slaves4 ,! religi\s in/ruction ( y\r p w promote y\r own int]e/s = "t & et]nity4--,rev4 ,c4 ,c4 ,jones's ,tea*+ to ,slavehold]s 7,rel4 ,in/4 p4 #bge74 ,we might safely presume1 t religions own]s w\ld in/ruct _! slaves 9 su* doctr9es z !y deem$ ess5tial to ! salvation ( _! own s\ls1 & t su* in/ruction w\ld n mat]ially v>y f t giv5 else:]e on ! same po9ts4 ,b abundant pro( exi/s4 ,! ,"r ,rev4 ,levi ,s4 ,ives has publi%$ ,a ,cate*ism to be taught orally to ^? :o _c read2 ,new ,york1 #ahdh4 ,9 ! preface1 he says x 0 ! result ( a w9t]'s visit to a l>ge ,s\!rn plantation1 & 0 adapt$ by him1 9 a c\rse ( actual exp]im5t1 to ! capacity ( color$ *ildr51 f f\r to twelve ye>s ( age4 ,!re are tw5ty lessons 9 ?is little book4 ,he tea*es1 among o!r ?+s1 ab\t ! fall1 orig9al s91 ! atonem5t1 ! tr9ity1 & ! sacram5ts4 ,else:]e 7,_s ( ,missions1 ,nov4 #ahdb7 he has express$ ! conviction1 t1 if ! plant]s ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a w\ld adopt x1 & see to its fai?ful inculcation1 ! next g5]ation ( blacks 9 t ,/ate1 at a v small exp5se1 w\ld suffici5tly und]/& ! tru? z x is 9 ,jesus1 )\t kn[+ a lett] ( ! alphabet4 ,dr4 ,jones's ,cate*ism is really1 :at x pr(esses to be1 a ,cate*ism ( ,scripture doctr9e1 z well z practice1 & conta9s a v mu* m elaborate exposition ?an ,bi%op ,ives's book4 ,altoge!r1 x mu/ be a mu* m s]viceable book to own]s & m9i/]s4 ,we %all !re=e *iefly cont5t ourselves ) %[+ :at ! slaves are taught x is _! duty to d1 & to refra9 f do+1 & :at motives to duty are urg$ ^u !m4 ,z m9i/]s or mission>ies to ! negroes1 says ,mr4 ,jones 7,rel4 ,in/4 p4 #bgj71 9 ! dis*>ge ( our (ficial duty1 & 9 our int]c\rse ) ! negroes1 we %\ld h no?+ to d ) _! civil condition4 ,we are appo9t$ ( ,god to prea* '! unse>*able ri*es ( ,*ri/' to our p]i%+ fell[-m54 ,we are to m$itate ^u ! duties & responsibilities ( our (fice1 & to give ourselves :olly to x4 ,ib4 pp4 #aic1 #aid3 ,we sep>ate entirely _! religi\s & _! civil condition1 & cont5d t ! "o may be att5d$ to )\t int]f]+ ) ! o!r4 ,our pr9ciple is t laid d[n by ! holy & j "o1 ',r5d] unto ,caes> ! ?+s :i* are ,caes>'s1 & unto ,god ! ?+s t are ,god's4' ,& ,*ri/ & 8 apo/les are our example4 ,did !y deem x prop] & consi/5t ) ! good ord] ( society to prea* ! gospel to s]vants8 ,!y did4 ,9 dis*>ge ( ?is duty1 did !y int]f]e ) _! civil condition8 ,!y did n4 ,!y express$ no op9ion :atev] on ! subject1 if we except t :i* appe>s 9 "o ( ! ,epi/les to ! ,cor9?ian ,*ur* 7#a/ ,epi/4 *ap4 vii4 v]4 #ai-bc74 ,!re ! ,apo/le ,paul consid]s a /ate ( fre$om pref]able to "o ( s]vitude1 & advises slaves1 if !y c lawfully obta9 _! fre$om1 to d x2 b n o!rwise4 ,he does n treat ! "q z "o ( v great mom5t1 9 comp>ison to ! b5efits ( ! gospel4 ',art ?\ call$ be+ a s]vant1 c>e n = x2 b if ?\ maye/ be made free1 use x r2 = he t is call$ 9 ! ,"l1 be+ a s]vant1 is ! ,"l's freeman1' c4 ,may we n foll[ 9 ! foot/eps ( our ,savi\r & 8 apo/les1 & t ) p]fect safety too8 ,yea1 & )\t proce$+ z f> z did ! ,apo/le ,paul8767 ,we ma9ta9 t 9 judici\s religi\s in/ruction !re w be no necess>y int]f]5ce ) _! civil condition4 ,! religi\s tea*] mu/ /ep out ( 8 way = ! purpose4 ,! ,presbyt]y ( ,georgia decl>es 9 its memorial1 t1 if ! *ur* w und]take ! religi\s in/ruction ( ! slaves1-- ,! m9ds ( m9i/]s & memb]s w be drawn (f f ab/ract que/ions ( a civil & a political nature1 ) :i*1 z ,*ri/ians engag$ 9 evangeliz+ ! _w1 we h little to d2 & !y w be pres5t$ ) a way :]eby !y may practically gratify all _! b5evol5t sympa?ies = ! negroes1 9 ! be/ mann] possible4 ,our att5tion1 z a *ur*1 w be turn$ to ! great "q be=e u1 & inde$ be=e all o!r d5om9ations1 & :i* %\ld take prec$5ce ( all o!r que/ions t\*+ ! negroes1 ,%all ?is p be sav$ or lo/8 ,! ,new ,te/am5t1 says ! ,rev4 ,!odore ,clapp 7,s]mon1 pp4 #be1 #bf1 & ^! are 8 pres5t s5tim5ts71 decides 9 ! pla9e/ t]ms t ,*ri/ians are b\nd to acquiesce 9 & support ^? laws & regulations conc]n+ slav]y :i* are enact$ by ! respective civil gov]nm5ts "u :i* !y live4 ,! legislature mu/ det]m9e :o %all be kept 9 bondage1 & :at %all be _! condition & privileges4 ,! pulpit mu/ n int]f]e 9 ?is important & delicate matt]4444 ,let him 7! cl]gyman7 at all times prea* unconditional submission to civil laws & in/itutions4 ,at ! outset1 !re=e1 ! religi\s tea*]s ( ! slaves disclaim all desire or int5tion to int]f]e ) ! condition ( s]vitude4 ,_! appropriate & only "w1 !y say1 is ! sav+ ( s\ls6,f ,t _! bro!r's s\l is brutaliz$ & dead5$1 9 consequ5ce ( slav]y1 is to !m no reason :y !y %\ld int]f]e ) slav]y2 = slav]y is a civil condition1 :i* ,god1 9 8 my/]i\s provid5ce1 has all[$ to exi/6 ,b1 ?\gh x is ?us improp] to int]f]e ) ! civil condition ( ! slaves1 t religi\s tea*] 7z we %all %ortly see7 does n /ep out ( 8 way1 b m]ely does 8 duty1 :o prea*es to !m t submission to _! civil condition1 & fai?ful s]vice = _! ma/]s1 is dem&$ ( !m by ,god6 ,!y _c int]f]e to injure ! in/itution ( slav]y2 b v mat]ially to /r5g!n x falls )9 _! legitimate prov9ce6 ,to condemn slav]y w\ld be to condemn ! provid5ce ( ,god2 b 9 /r5g!n+ slav]y1 !y are prea*+ ! unse>*able ri*es ( ,*ri/ to _! p]i%+ fell[-m56 ,! ,"r ,rev4 ,william ,meade1 ,bi%op ( ! ,prote/ant ,episcopal ,*ur* = ! diocese ( ,virg9ia1 :o has also devot$ a great deal ( att5tion to ! religi\s in/ruction ( slaves1 a few ye>s s9ce collect$ & publi%$ a volume ( s]mons & tracts1 design$ to aid ! almon]s ( ,div9e ,m]cy 9 _! "w ( salvation4 ,! gr& motive to duty is ?us pres5t$ to ! slaves1 pp4 #id1 #ie 7,slav]y & ! ,slavehold]'s ,religion z oppos$ to ,*ri/ianity1 by ,samuel ,brooke1 p4 #bi1 c473-- ,besides1 :5 p die1 we "k b ( two places !y h to g to1 & t is heav5 or hell2 s t :oev] misses ! "o mu/ g to ! o!r4 ,n[1 heav5 is a place ( great happ9ess1 :i* ,god ha? prep>$ = all t are good2 :]e !y %all enjoy re/ f _! labors1 & a bless$ness :i* %all nev] h an end4 ,& hell is a place ( great torm5t & mis]y1 :]e all wick$ p w be %ut up ) ! devil & o!r evil spirits1 & be puni%$ = ev] because !y w n s]ve ,god4 ,if1 !re=e1 we w\ld h our s\ls sav$ by ,*ri/2 if we w\ld escape hell & obta9 heav51 we mu/ set ab\t do+ :at he requires ( u1 t is1 to s]ve ,god4 ,y\r own poor circum/ances 9 ?is life ought to put y p>ticul>ly ^u ?is1 & tak+ c>e ( y\r s\ls2 = y _c h ! pleasures & enjoym5ts ( ?is life l ri* free p1 :o h e/ates & money to lay out z !y ?9k fit4 ,if o!rs w run ! haz>d ( _! s\ls1 !y h a *ance ( gett+ weal? & p[]1 ( heap+ up ri*es1 & enjoy+ all ! ease1 luxury1 & pleasure _! he>ts %\ld long aft]4 ,b y c h none ( ^! ?+s2 s t1 if y sell y\r s\ls = ! sake ( :at poor matt]s y c get 9 ?is _w1 y h made a v fooli% b>ga9 inde$4 ,almighty ,god ha? be5 pleas$ to make y slaves "h1 & to give y no?+ b labor & pov]ty 9 ?is _w1 :i* y are oblig$ to submit to1 z x is 8 w t x %\ld be s4 ,& ?9k )9 y\rselves :at a t]rible ?+ x w\ld be1 aft] all y\r labors & suff]+s 9 ?is life1 to be turn$ into hell 9 ! next life2 &1 aft] we>+ out y\r bodies 9 s]vice "h1 to g into a f> worse slav]y :5 ?is is ov]1 & y\r poor s\ls be deliv]$ ov] into ! possession ( ! devil1 to become 8 slaves = ev] 9 hell1 )\t any hope ( ev] gett+ free f x4 ,if1 !re=e1 y w\ld be ,god's freem5 9 heav51 y mu/ /rive to be good & s]ve him "h on e>?4 ,y\r bodies1 y "k1 are n y\r own3 !y are at ! disposal ( ^? y belong to2 b y\r preci\s s\ls are /ill y\r own1 :i* no?+ c take f y1 if x be n y\r own fault4 ,consid] well1 !n1 t1 if y lose y\r s\ls by lead+ idle1 wick$ lives "h1 y h got no?+ by x 9 ?is _w1 & y h lo/ y\r all 9 ! next4 ,= y\r idl5ess & wick$ness is g5]ally f\nd x1 & y\r bodies suff] = x "h2 &1 :at is f> worse1 if y d n rep5t & am5d1 y\r unhappy s\ls w suff] = x h]eaft]4 ,! ,rev4 ,alex&] ,gl5nie1 ,rector ( ,all-,sa9ts ,p>i%1 ,waccamaw1 ,s4,c4 has = sev]al ye>s be5 9 ! habit ( prea*+ expressly = slaves4 ,9 #ahdd1 he publi%$ 9 ,*>le/on a selection ( ^! s]mons1 "u ! title ( ,s]mons prea*$ on ,plantations to ,congregations ( ,negroes4 ,?is book,g conta9s tw5ty-six s]mons2 & 9 tw5ty-two ( !m !re is ei!r a m or less ext5d$ acc\nt or a ref]5ce to et]nal mis]y 9 hell z a motive to duty4 ,he ?us describes ! day ( judgm5t 7,s]m4 #ae1 ,matt4 xxv4 #ca1 p4 #ij73-- ,:5 all p %all be ga!r$ be=e him1 'he %all sep>ate !m "o f ano!r1 z a %eph]d divide? 8 %eep f ! goats2 & he %all set ! %eep on 8 "r h&1 b ! goats on ! left4' ,t1 my bre?r51 w be an awful "t1 :5 ?is sep>ation %all be go+ on2 :5 ! holy angels1 at ! comm& ( ! great ,judge1 %all be ga!r+ toge!r all ! ob$i5t foll[]s ( ,*ri/1 & be sett+ !m on ! "r h& side ( ! judgm5t-seat1 & %all place all ! rema9d] on ! left4 ,rememb] t ea* ( y mu/ be pres5t2 rememb] t ! great ,judge c make no mi/ake2 & t y %all be plac$ on "o side or on ! o!r1 accord+ z 9 ?is _w y h believ$ 9 & obey$ him or n4 ,h[ full ( joy & ?anksgiv+ w y be1 if y %all f9d y\rselves plac$ on ! "r h&6 b h[ full ( mis]y & despair1 if ! left %all be appo9t$ z y\r portion6444 ,b :at %all he say to ! wick$ on ! left h&8 ,to !m he %all say1 ',dep>t f me1 ye curs$1 into ev]la/+ fire1 prep>$ = ! devil & 8 angels4' ,he w tell !m to dep>t3 !y did n :ile "h seek him by rep5tance & fai?2 !y did n obey him2 & he w drive !m f him4 ,he w call !m curs$4 ,page #db 7,s]mon #g1 ,rom4 vi4 #bh73 ,! dea?1 :i* is ! wages ( s91 is ?is ev]la/+ fire1 prep>$ = ! devil & 8 angels4 ,x is a fire :i* %all la/ = ev]2 & ! devil & 8 angels1 & all p :o w n love & s]ve ,god1 %all !re be puni%$ = ev]4 ,! ,bible says1 ',! smoke ( _! torm5t asc5de? up = ev] & ev]3' ! fire is n qu5*$2 x nev] goes out3 '_! worm die? n3' _! puni%m5t is spok5 ( z a worm1 always fe$+ ^u !m1 b nev] consum+ !m3 x nev] c /op4 ,mr4 ,jones orally cate*izes,h ! slaves 9 ! same mann]3-- ,page #hc3 ,q4 ,are !re two places only spok5 ( 9 ! ,bible to :i* ! s\ls ( m5 g aft] dea?8--,a4 ,only two4 ,q4 ,:i* are !y8--,a4 ,heav5 & hell4 ,pp4 #ia1 #ib3 ,q4 ,aft] ! ,judgm5t is ov]1 into :at place d ! righte\s g8--,a4 ,into heav54 ,q4 ,:at k9d ( a place is heav58--,a4 ,a mo/ glori\s & happy place4 99 99 99 99 99 ,q4 ,%all ! righte\s 9 heav5 h any m hung] or ?ir/1 or nak$ness or heat or cold8 ,%all !y any m h s9 or sorr[1 or cry+ or pa9 or dea?8--,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,repeat1 ',& ,god %all wipe away all te>s f _! eyes4'--,a4 ',& ,god %all wipe away all te>s f _! eyes1 & !re %all be no m dea?1 nei!r sorr[ nor cry+2 nei!r %all !re be any m pa92 = ! =m] ?+s are pass$ away4' ,q4 ,w heav5 be _! ev]la/+ home8--,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,& %all ! righte\s gr[ 9 k & hol9ess & happ9ess = ev] & ev]8--,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,to :at place %\ld we wi% & /rive to g1 m ?an to all o!r places8--,a4 ,heav54 ,pp4 #ic1 #id3 ,q4 ,into :at place are ! wick$ to be ca/8--,a4 ,into hell4 ,q4 ,repeat1 ',! wick$ %all be turn$4'--,a4 ',! wick$ %all be turn$ into hell1 & all ! nations t =get ,god4' ,q4 ,:at k9d ( a place is hell8--,a4 ,a place ( dreadful torm5ts4 ,q4 ,:at does x burn )8--,a4 ,ev]la/+ fire4 ,q4 ,:o are ca/ into hell besides wick$ m58--,a4 ,! devil & 8 angels4 ,q4 ,:at w ! torm5ts ( hell make ! wick$ d8--,a4 ,weep & wail1 & gna% _! tee?4 ,q4 ,:at did ! ri* man beg = :5 he 0 torm5t$ 9 ! flame8--,a4 ,a drop ( wat] to cool 8 tongue4 ,q4 ,w ! wick$ h any good ?+ 9 hell8 ! lea/ com=t8 ! lea/ relief f torm5t8--,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,w !y ev] come out ( hell8--,a4 ,no3 nev]4 ,q4 ,c any g f heav5 to hell1 or f hell to heav58--,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,:at is fix$ betwe5 heav5 & hell8--,a4 ,a great gulf4 ,q4 ,:at is ! puni%m5t ( ! wick$ 9 hell call$8--,a4 ,ev]la/+ puni%m5t4 ,q4 ,w ?is puni%m5t make !m bett]8--,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,repeat1 ',x is a fe>ful ?+4'--,a4 ',x is a fe>ful ?+ to fall into ! h&s ( ! liv+ ,god4' ,q4 ,:at is ,god said to be to ! wick$8--,a4 ,a consum+ fire4 ,q4 ,:at place %\ld we /rive to escape f above all o!rs8--,a4 ,hell4 ,! slaves are taught t !y mu/ d :at ,god requires ( !m1 if !y w\ld escape nev]-end+ torm5ts 9 hell4 ,h[ /rict an acc\nt ( _! /ew>d%ip does ,god require at _! h&s6 ,he1 !y are taught1 has made !m slaves1 & has giv5 !m no?+ b labor & pov]ty = _! lot 9 ?is life4 ,w he require mu*1 :]e he has giv5 little8 ,bi%op ,meade cont9ues 7,brooke's ,slav]y1 pp4 #cj1 #ca1 #cb73-- ,hav+ ?us %[n y ! *ief duties y owe to y\r great ,ma/] 9 heav51 ,i n[ come to lay be=e y ! duties y owe to y\r ma/]s & mi/resses "h ^u e>?2 & = ?is y h "o g5]al rule t y ought always to c>ry 9 y\r m9ds1 & t is1 to d all s]vice = !m z if y did x = ,god himself4 ,poor creatures6 y little consid]1 :5 y are idle & neglectful ( y\r ma/]s' bus9ess1 :5 y /eal & wa/e & hurt any ( _! sub/ance1 :5 y are saucy & impud5t1 :5 y are tell+ !m lies & deceiv+ !m2 or :5 y prove /ubborn & sull51 & w n d ! "w y are set ab\t )\t /ripes & vexation2 y d n consid]1 ,i say1 t :at faults y are guilty ( t[>ds y\r ma/]s & mi/resses are faults done aga9/ ,god himself1 :o ha? set y\r ma/]s & mi/resses ov] y 9 8 own /ead1 & expects t y w d = !m j z y w\ld d = him4 ,&1 pray1 d n ?9k t ,i want to deceive y1 :5 ,i tell y t y\r ma/]s & mi/resses are ,god's ov]se]s2 & t1 if y are faulty t[>ds !m1 ,god himself w puni% y sev]ely = x 9 ! next _w1 unless y rep5t ( x1 & /rive to make am5ds by y\r fai?fulness & dilig5ce = ! "t to come2 = ,god himself ha? decl>$ ! same4 ,n[1 f ?is g5]al rule1--namely1 t y are to d all s]vice = y\r ma/]s & mi/resses z if y did x = ,god himself1--!re arise sev]al o!r rules ( duty t[>ds y\r ma/]s & mi/resses1 :i* ,i %all endeavor to lay out 9 ord] be=e y4 ,&1 9 ! fir/ place1 y are to be ob$i5t & subject to y\r ma/]s 9 all ?+s4444 ,& ,*ri/ian m9i/]s are comm&$ to 'exhort s]vants to be ob$i5t unto _! own ma/]s1 & to please !m well 9 all ?+s1 n answ]+ !m aga91 or ga9-say+4' ,y see h[ /rictly ,god requires ?is ( y1 t :atev] y\r ma/]s & mi/resses ord] y to d1 y mu/ set ab\t x imm$iately1 & fai?fully p]=m x1 )\t any disput+ or grumbl+1 & take c>e to please !m well 9 all ?+s4 ,& = y\r enc\ragem5t he tells y1 t he w rew>d y = x 9 heav52 because1 :ile y are hone/ly & fai?fully do+ y\r ma/]'s bus9ess "h1 y are s]v+ y\r ,"l & ,ma/] 9 heav54 ,y see also t y are n to take any exceptions to ! behavior ( y\r ma/]s & mi/resses1 & t y are to be subject & ob$i5t1 n only to su* z are good & g5tle & mild t[>ds y1 b also to su* z may be fr[>d1 peevi%1 & h>d4 ,= y are n at lib]ty to *oose y\r own ma/]s2 b into :atev] h&s ,god ha? be5 pleas$ to put y1 y mu/ d y\r duty1 & ,god w rew>d y = x4 #b4 ,y are n to be eye-s]vants4 ,n[1 eye-s]vants are su* z w "w h>d1 & seem mighty dilig5t1 :ile !y ?9k anybody is tak+ notice ( !m2 b1 :5 _! ma/]s' & mi/resses' backs are turn$1 !y are idle1 & neglect _! bus9ess4 ,i am afraid !re are a great _m su* eye-s]vants among y1 & t y d n consid] h[ great a s9 x is to be s1 & h[ sev]ely ,god w puni% y = x4 ,y may easily deceive y\r own]s1 & make !m h an op9ion ( y t y d n des]ve1 & get ! praise ( m5 by x2 b rememb] t y _c deceive ,almighty ,god1 :o sees y\r wick$ness & deceit1 & w puni% y accord+ly4 ,= ! rule is1 t y mu/ obey y\r ma/]s 9 all ?+s1 & d ! "w !y set y ab\t ) fe> & trembl+1 9 s+l5ess ( he>t1 z unto ,*ri/2 n ) eye-s]vice1 z m5-pleas]s1 b z ! s]vants ( ,*ri/1 do+ ! w ( ,god f ! he>t2 ) good-w do+ s]vice z to ! ,"l1 & n z to m54 ,if1 !n1 y w\ld b say )9 y\rselves1 ',my ma/] ha? set me ab\t ?is "w1 & 8 back is turn$1 s t ,i may loit] & idle if ,i please1 = he does n see me2 b !re is my great ,ma/] 9 heav51 ^: ov]se] my o!r ma/] is1,i & 8 eyes are always ^u me & tak+ notice ( me1 & ,i _c get any:]e out ( 8 sight1 nor be idle )\t 8 kn[+ x2 & :at w become ( me1 if ,i lose 8 good-w & make him angry ) me8'--if1 ,i say1 y w\ld once get ! way ( ?9k+ & say+ ?us ^u all occasions1 y !n w\ld d :at ,god comm&s y1 & s]ve y\r ma/]s ) s+l5ess ( he>t1 t is1 ) hone/y & s9c]ity1 & d ! "w y are set ab\t ) fe> & trembl+1 n = fe> ( y\r ma/]s & mi/resses ^u e>?1 = y may easily *eat !m1 & make !m believe y are do+ _! bus9ess :5 y d n1 b ) fe> & trembl+1 le/ ,god y\r heav5ly ,ma/]1 :om y _c deceive1 %\ld call y to acc\nt1 & puni% y 9 ! next _w = y\r deceitfulness & eye-s]vice 9 ?is4 #c4 ,y are to be fai?ful & hone/ to y\r ma/]s & mi/resses1 n purlo9+ or wa/+ _! goods or sub/ance1 b %[+ all good fidelity 9 all ?+s4444 ,d n y\r ma/]s1 "u ,god1 provide = y8 ,& h[ %all !y be able to d ?is1 to fe$ & to clo! y1 unless y take hone/ c>e ( e ?+ t belongs to !m8 ,rememb] t ,god requires ?is ( y2 &1 if y are n afraid ( suff]+ = x "h1 y _c escape ! v5geance ( ,almighty ,god1 :o w judge betwe5 y & y\r ma/]s1 & make y pay sev]ely 9 ! next _w = all ! inju/ice y d !m "h4 ,& ?\gh y c\ld manage s cunn+ly z to escape ! eyes & h&s ( man1 yet ?9k :at a dreadful ?+ x is to fall into ! h&s ( ! liv+ ,god1 :o is able to ca/ bo? s\l & body into hell6 #d4 ,y are to s]ve y\r ma/]s ) *e]fulness1 rev]5ce1 & humility4 ,y are to d y\r ma/]s' s]vice ) good-w1 do+ x z ! w ( ,god f ! he>t1 )\t any sauc9ess or answ]+ aga94 ,h[ _m ( y d ?+s q o!rwise1 &1 in/ead ( go+ ab\t y\r "w ) a good w & a good he>t1 dispute & grumble1 give saucy answ]s1 & behave 9 a surly mann]6 ,!re is some?+ s becom+ & engag+ 9 a mode/1 *e]ful1 good-natur$ behavior1 t a little "w done 9 t mann] seems bett] done & gives f> m satisfaction ?an a great deal m t mu/ be done ) frett+1 vexation1 & ! la% always held ov] y4 ,x also ga9s ! good-w & love ( ^? y belong to1 & makes y\r own life pass ) m ease & pleasure4 ,besides1 y are to consid] t ?is grumbl+ & ill-w does n affect y\r ma/]s & mi/resses only4 ,!y h ways & means 9 _! h&s ( =c+ y to d y\r "w1 :e!r y are will+ or n4 ,b y\r murmur+ & grumbl+ is aga9/ ,god1 :o ha? plac$ y 9 t s]vice1 :o w puni% y sev]ely 9 ! next _w = despis+ 8 comm&s4 ,if ! slave :o wa/es 8 ma/]'s goods & sub/ance w n be able to escape ! v5geance ( ,almighty ,god1 :at w become ( ! ma/] :o impov]i%es & d>k5s ! m9d ( 8 bro!r-man8 ,:o commits ! great] inju/ice1--! man :o robs ano!r ( 8 m9d1 or ! man :o robs ano!r ( 8 money8 ,mr4 ,gl5nie is equally explicit 9 8 tea*+4 ,8 f\r? ,s]mon is on ! text1 ,eph4 vi4 #g1 ,) good-w do+ s]vice1 z to ! ,"l1 & n to m51 pp4 #ba1 #bb3-- ,9 ?is "p ( ! ^w ( ,god1 s]vants are taught ) :at m9d !y ought to d _! s]vice4 ,!y are told to d :at is requir$ ( !m ') good-w2' & to d x1 'z to ! ,"l1 & n to m54' ,:at a bless$ book ! ,bible is1 my bre?r56 ,x speaks com=t to all p 9 e /ation ( life2 x %[s h[ e "o mu/ live "h s z to please our heav5ly ,fa!r4 ,he1 ! ,fa!r ( m]cies & ! ,god ( all com=t1 has 9 8 ^w =gott5 none ( ! *ildr5 ( m54 ,all may le>n f t holy book h[ _! s\ls may be sav$ ?r\gh ! m]its ( ! dea? ( ,*ri/4 ,&1 9 addition to ?is1 e "o1 9 :atev] condition he may be1 w f9d 9 t holy book :at 8 peculi> duties are4 ,?us1 m9i/]s are taught 9 ! ,bible h[ !y ought to prea* ! gospel1 & h[ !y ought to live1 s z to glorify _! ,savi\r ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,! ri* are taught 9 ! ,bible h[ !y mu/ d good ) _! ri*es2 & ! poor1 h[ !y mu/ be cont5t$ ) ! portion t ,god has giv5 !m2 & bo? ri* & poor are taught h[ to lay up treasure 9 heav54 ,p>5ts are told 9 ! ,bible h[ !y mu/ br+ up _! *ildr5 9 ! nurture & admonition ( ! ,"l2 & *ildr51 h[ !y mu/ obey _! p>5ts4 ,ma/]s are taught 9 ! ,bible h[ !y mu/ rule _! s]vants1 & s]vants h[ !y mu/ obey _! ma/]s4 ,truly1 ?is holy ^w ( ,god is a bless$ gift inde$2 & h[ greatly bless$ %all we all be1 if we dilig5tly seek ! help ( ! ,holy ,_s1 t we may be 'do]s ( ! ^w1 & n he>]s only'6 ,i w n[ read to y ! :ole ( ?is passage out ( ,god's holy ^w1 :i* is writt5 especially = y\r in/ruction3--',s]vants1 be ob$i5t to !m t are y\r ma/]s accord+ to ! fle%1 ) fe> & trembl+1 9 s+l5ess ( y\r he>t1 z unto ,*ri/2 n ) eye-s]vice z m5-pleas]s1 b z ! s]vants ( ,*ri/1 do+ ! w ( ,god f ! he>t3 ) good-w do+ s]vice1 z to ! ,"l1 & n to m52 kn[+ t :atsoev] good ?+ any man doe?1 ! same %all he receive ( ! ,"l1 :e!r he be bond or free4' ,?is passage f ! ,bible %[s to y :at ,god requires f y z s]vants2 & !re are _m o!r passages :i* tea* ! same ?+s4 ,y %\ld try & rememb] ^! p>ts ( ! ,bible1 t y may be able 'to d y\r duty 9 t /ate ( life unto :i* x has pleas$ ,god to call y4' ,=1 al?\gh a bad s]vant may n wi% to "k :at ,god requires ( him1 yet a ,*ri/ian s]vant w desire to "k ?is1 & to d 8 w 9 e ?+4 ,h[ easy x mu/ be = ^? :o _c read to le>n f ! holy book :at ,god requires ( !m6 ,mr4 ,gl5nie assures 8 he>]s1 t n "o ( !m w be able to say1 9 ! day ( judgm5t1 ,i _h no way ( he>+ & le>n+ ab\t my ,god & ,savi\r6 7p4 #acg74 ,may !y n all li/5 to su* words ( com=t z fall f 8 lips8 ,& h[ full ( com=t to _! s\ls mu/ t book be :i* tells !m t ,god int5d$ to make !m slaves1 & t !y mu/ be fai?ful & ob$i5t to _! oppressors1 if !y wi% to avoid endless puni%m5t 9 hell6 ,pp4 #bb1 #bc3 ,our heav5ly ,fa!r comm&s t y1 :o are s]vants1 %\ld 'be ob$i5t to y\r ma/]s accord+ to ! fle%2' t is1 to y\r e>?ly ma/]1 ! ma/] t y s]ve "h :ile 9 ! body4 ,"h is a v pla9 comm&3 ',s]vants1 be ob$i5t2' be ob$i5t to y\r ma/]s4 ,a bad s]vant w n try & obey ?is comm&4 ,a worldly-m9d$ s]vant1 :o is n liv+ 9 ! fe> ( ,god1 w neglect ?is comm&4 ,b y1 :o call y\rselves *ildr5 ( ,god1 w d 8 w1 & be ob$i5t to y\r e>?ly ma/]4 ,y c e day give pro( t y wi% to s]ve ,god1 by y\r ready1 y\r *e]ful ob$i5ce4 ,y are "h direct$ to be ob$i5t to y\r ma/] ') fe> & trembl+2' t is1 y ought to feel z anxi\s to dis*>ge y\r duty fai?fully z to feel afraid ( giv+ (f5ce by any conduct t looks l disob$i5ce2 =1 by disob$i5ce1 y n only (f5d y\r e>?ly ma/]1 b y s9 aga9/ ,god2 & ( ?is e ,*ri/ian s]vant w be afraid4 ,a bad s]vant w be afraid only ( ! puni%m5t :i* he w receive1 if 8 disob$i5ce %\ld be f\nd out4 ,b a ,*ri/ian s]vant mu/ look up always to 8 heav5ly ,ma/]4 ,!re=e1 if y love ,god1 ^: *ildr5 y 7 made at y\r baptism1 y w d e day all t y h to d1 ) fe> & trembl+2 t is1 9 ! fe> ( ,god2 kn[+ t he w\ld be angry ) y1 if y neglect$ y\r duty4 ,if y love ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 :o %$ 8 blood = y1 y w d y\r daily "w ) fe> & trembl+1 le/1 by any act ( disob$i5ce1 y br+ reproa* on him ^: "n y be>4 ,if y desire t ! ,holy ,_s %\ld abide 9 y\r he>ts1 y w n will+ly be disob$i5t1 be+ afraid t ?is ,com=t] & ,sanctifi] w\ld =sake y1 if y paid s little att5tion to ! pla9 ^w ( ,god4 ,h[ full ( com=t mu/ ! ,bible be to ! slavehold]6 ,h[ gratify+ to him ! reconciliation betwe5 ,god & mammon6 ,h[ int]e/+ to a rev]5d fa!r mu/ be ! reflection1 t1 j 9 ! proportion z he s]ves 8 ,god1 by imp>t+ to 8 he>]s gospel tru?1 he is s]v+ mammon1 & putt+ money 9 ! purses ( 8 employ]s1 by mak+ 8 he>]s m valuable z slaves6 ,page #bc3 ,y are "h comm&$ to be ob$i5t1 '9 s+l5ess ( y\r he>t1 z unto ,*ri/3' t is1 d n be d\ble-m9d$1 pr(ess+ to be "o ?+1 b really be+ ano!r2 b1 9 y\r duty to y\r ma/]1 h a s+le he>t2 an hone/1 upright1 & true he>t1 z unto ,*ri/2 kn[+ t he sees y\r he>t1 & w n be pleas$ ) d\ble-deal+4 ,page #bd3 ,?is "p ( ! ,bible goes on speak+ ( ! same matt] 9 diff]5t words2 x gives 'l9e ^u l9e & precept ^u precept2' because x is :at all ( u ought to keep 9 m9d1 t we mu/ engage 9 our sev]al duties ) a desire to please ,god1 & ) a fe> ( s9n+ aga9/ him4 ,x says1 'n ) eye-s]vice z m5-pleas]s1 b z ! s]vants ( ,*ri/1 do+ ! w ( ,god f ! he>t4' ,d n att5d to y\r "w1 only :5 y\r e>?ly ma/]'s eye is ^u y2 b rememb] t ! eye ( y\r heav5ly ,ma/] is always ^u y4 ,d y\r "w z s]v+ ,*ri/1 look ^u y\r daily tasks z ! w ( ,god1 & d !m f ! he>t1 ) a he>ty desire to please ,god4 ,a bad s]vant is an eye-s]vant1 do+ ! "w requir$ ( him s long z 8 ma/]'s eye is ^u him3 he has no reg>d to ,*ri/ our ,savi\r2 &1 in/ead ( ! w ( ,god1 he ?9ks only ( 8 own w1 & ! desires ( 8 own evil he>t4 ,b y1 :o pr(ess to be ! s]vants ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 w1 if y are inde$ 81 d all y\r duty fai?fully1 :e!r ! eye ( man is ^u y or n2 y w feel t su* is ! w ( ,god2 & y w daily wat* & pray1 t1 by ! help ( ! ,holy ,_s1 y may 'd ! w ( ,god f ! he>t4' ,! ^w ( ,god goes on tea*+ y ! same ?+4 ,x says1 ') good-w do+ s]vice z to ! ,"l1 & n to m54' ,a bad s]vant w v (t5 d 8 s]vice ) a v bad w2 he w try _m ways to deceive 8 ma/]1 & w d z little = him z he c4 ,y1 h[ev]1 :o call y\rselves ! s]vants ( ,*ri/1 w1 if y inde$ belong to him1 aim at do+ y\r s]vice ') good-w2' y w pray t y\r w may be subject to ! w ( ,god1 s t y may 'd s]vice' *e]fully1 'z to ! ,"l1 & n to m54' ,we c&idly confess1 t we h n suffici5t fai? to believe t ! ,rev4 ,rector ( ,all-,sa9ts ,p>i% w\ld1 if he 7 a slave1 be a good s]vant1 & d s]vice z unto ! ,"l4 ,we d v]ily believe1 t bo? he & ,bi%op ,meade w\ld foll[ ! desires ( man's unreg5]ate & evil he>t1 & d _! utmo/ to escape f ?is unwelcome s]vice ( ,*ri/4 ,b :at a curi\s subject = reflection1 t ! sav+ ( negro s\ls & ( negro ov]se]s 9 ,all-,sa9ts ,p>i% mu/ keep pace "o ) ano!r6 ,! ,rector concludes 8 ,s]mon ) ^! important sugge/ions3-- ,page #be3 ,?is passage ( ,scripture ends by tell+ y to rememb] t ! day ( judgm5t is com+1 :5 e "o1 9 e condition ( life1 %all receive accord+ to :at he has done 9 ! body4 ,x says1 ',kn[+ t :atsoev] good ?+ any man doe?1 ! same %all he receive ( ! ,"l1 :e!r he be bond or free4' ,we are "h told1 t 9 ! day ( judgm5t1 ! inquiry w be1 ,:at h we done 9 ?is _w8 h[ did we live 9 ?is _w8 ,x matt]s n1 we see1 9 :at condition we h be5 "h2 x matt]s n :e!r we be bond-s]vants or freem52 x matt]s n :e!r we be among ! high & ! ri*1 or among ! l[ & ! poor1 we %all 9 t day receive accord+ z we n[ live4 ,if we n[ live z ob$i5t foll[]s ( our ,"l & ,savi\r ,jesus ,*ri/1 we %all1 ?r\gh him :o lov$ u1 inh]it ev]la/+ life4 ,b if we are n true believ]s 9 him1 if we are disob$i5t to 8 ^w1 we c inh]it only ev]la/+ mis]y4 ,) reg>d to y1 ! disob$i5t s]vants among/ y1 ! unfai?ful1 ! deceitful1 ! ungodly s]vants1 unless !y rep5t & turn f ! s]vice ( ! devil to ! s]vice ( ,god1 %all surely 'be puni%$ ) ev]la/+ de/ruction f ! pres5ce ( ! ,"l1 & f ! glory ( 8 p[]4' ,:il/ ! ob$i5t s]vants among/ y1 ! fai?ful1 ! true1 ! godly s]vants1 :o are liv+ 'z ! s]vants ( ,*ri/1' 'do+ s]vice z to ! ,"l1 & n to m51' %all1 if !y cont9ue /eadfa/ unto ! end1 be bless$ = ev]4 ,we read 9 ! ,bible1 t ,god is no respect] ( p]sons2 t he ha? made ( "o blood all ! nations ( m52 ,?\ %alt love ?y neighbor z ?yself2 & t all ?+s :atsoev] ye w\ld t m5 %\ld d to y1 d ye ev5 s to !m4 ,w\ld n ! slaves be l$ to neglect ( duty & insubord9ation by he>+ su* s5t5ces8 ,?is effect1 says ,mr4 ,jones 7speak+ 9 ref]5ce to ^! s5t5ces1 ,rel4 ,in/4 p4 #aig71 might result f imp]fect & injudici\s religi\s in/ruction4444 ,b :o w say t neglect ( duty & insubord9ation are ! legitimate effects ( ! gospel1 purely & s9c]ely imp>t$ to s]vants8 ,h[ judici\s is ! in/ruction giv5 by ,bi%op ,h$d+6 ,h[ purely & s9c]ely does ,bi%op ,meade ?us cont9ue imp>t+ ! gospel6 p4 #aaf 7,brooke's ,slav]y1 c4 pp4 #cb1 #cc73-- ',all ?+s :atsoev] ye w\ld t m5 %\ld d unto y1 d ye ev5 s unto !m2' t is1 d by all mank9d j z y w\ld desire !y %\ld d by y1 if y 7 9 _! place & !y 9 y\rs4 ,n[1 to suit ?is rule to y\r p>ticul> circum/ances1 suppose y 7 ma/]s & mi/resses1 & _h s]vants "u y1 w\ld y n desire t y\r s]vants %\ld d _! bus9ess fai?fully & hone/ly1 z well :5 y\r back 0 turn$ z :ile y 7 look+ ov] !m8 ,w\ld y n expect1 t !y %\ld take notice ( :at y said to !m8 t !y %\ld behave !mselves ) respect t[>ds y & y\rs1 & be z c>eful ( e ?+ belong+ to y z y w\ld be y\rselves8 ,y are s]vants3 d1 !re=e1 z y w\ld wi% to be done by1 & y w be bo? good s]vants to y\r ma/]s & good s]vants to ,god1 :o requires ?is ( y1 & w rew>d y well = x1 if y d x = ! sake ( consci5ce1 9 ob$i5ce to 8 comm&s4 ,f ! same comm& ( ,*ri/1 ,mr4 ,jones in/ructs ! slaves t !y mu/ n /eal any ( _! own e>n+s1 & mu/ in=m _! ma/]s :5 any ( _! fell[-slaves int5d to /eal6 7,cate*ism1 pp4 #aad-aaf47 ,he nev] = an in/ant imag9es 7to use ! words ( ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,jona?an ,edw>ds 9 #agia71 t to hold any man 9 slav]y is to be e day guilty ( robb+ him ( 8 lib]ty1 or ( man-/eal+ 7,! ,*ur* z x is1 p4 #h74 ,h[ solemnly w\ld ,bi%op ,freeman decl>e to ! slaves1 t ?ieves c nev] ent] ! k+dom ( ,god1 )\t ?9k+ ( ! law ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 :i* provides t no slave %all be p]mitt$1 on any pret5ce :atev]1 to raise any horses1 cattle1 hogs1 or %eep 7,rev4 ,/at4 *ap4 #aaa1 ,sec4 #be71 )\t ! same be+ liable to be seiz$ & sold1 & ! proce$s di/ribut$1 "o half t[>ds ! support ( ! poor ( ! c\nty1 & ! o!r half to ! in=m]6 7,ib4 *ap4 #hi1 ,sec4 #bd47 ,a fri5d once said t %e 0 always griev$ at receiv+ any expression ( gratitude4 ,%e 0 griev$ to ?9k t ! m]e p]=mance ( duty 0 s uncommon z to call =? gratitude4 ,9 a some:at simil> mann]1 we feel m di/9ctly ?an ev] h[ great is ! degradation ( ! slaves1 :5 su* argum5ts z ^! c be address$ to !m by intellig5t m51 ) ! expectation ( produc+ conviction6 ,h[ degrad$ mu/ t slave be :o does n feel or :o _c expose ^! wick$ p]v]sions ( a beautiful comm&1 & :o _c ask1 9 indignant tones1 ( ^! truly rev]5d fa!rs 9 ,god1 ,if y 7 ! slave1 w\ld y consid] y\rself b\nd to "w = y\r ma/] fai?fully8 ,v]ily1 ,we own]s & m9i/]s are ! almon]s ( ,div9e m]cy to ! suff]+ slave6 ,mr4 ,gl5nie decl>es1 t ,god requires !m pati5tly to submit to all ! wrongs ( slav]y1 z be+ afflictions s5t by him = ! good ( _! s\ls6-- ,page #ade3 ,is x /range t any p]son :o is lov$ by our ,"l %\ld endure sickness or pa9 or sorr[ ( any k9d8 ,no3 ?is is :at ! :ole ,bible tea*es4 ,we read 9 "o place1 ',:om ! ,"l love? he *a/5e?1 & sc\rge? e son :om he receive?4' ,& 9 ano!r place1 ',z _m z ,i love1 ,i rebuke & *a/54' ,! ,bible also tells u ! reason ( ?is1 :i* is1 t ! *ildr5 ( ,god may be taught to rep5t m ( _! s9s1 & to be m submissive & ob$i5t to ,god2 444 t !y may ?9k less ab\t ?is _w1 & may be m dilig5t 9 gett+ ready = heav54 ,= ^! good reasons1 ,god *a/ises 8 p2 & :5ev] y become sick1 or are visit$ ) sorr[s1 y %\ld try & look up to ,god z *a/is+ y = y\r s9s1 & %\ld pray mu* to him = 8 ,_s1 t y may be pati5t l our ,savi\r1 :5 he suff]$ = our s9s1 t y may improve by 8 *a/5+1 & gr[ m l him 9 hol9ess4--,pp4 #abh1 #abi3 ,:5ev]1 !re=e1 ! sorr[s ( ?is life are press+ y sore1 ?9k ( ?is say+ ( our ,savi\r1 ',e bran* :i* be>e? fruit1 he purge? x1 t x may br+ =? m fruit4' ,if y are inde$ foll[]s ( ,jesus1 x w at su* times com=t y to ?9k t a ,fa!r's h& is ^u y1 *a/is+ y1--9 love *a/is+ y to make y p>tak]s ( 8 hol9ess4 ,mr4 ,gl5nie also frequ5tly repres5ts ,*ri/ z hav+ appe>$ on e>? z a s]vant1 9 ord] /ill m to reconcile 8 he>]s to _! lot 7pp4 #b1 #c1 #hi74 ,nay1 s anxi\s does he seem to be to induce 8 he>]s to believe t ,*ri/ really endur$ ! wrongs ( a slave1 t he sometimes goes beyond ! ,bible record4 ,?us1 9 describ+ ,*ri/'s suff]+s be=e ,pilate1 he says 7p4 #i71 ,!y spit 9 8 face1 & beat him ) _! h&s2 !y sc\rg$ him1 mak+ long furr[s 9 8 back ) ! :ip4444 ,h[ griev\s 7 ! suff]+s ( our de> ,"l6 ,b he is n cont5t ) tell+ !m !y mu/ pati5tly endure _! wrongs3 he also decl>es to !m1 t1 unless !y love ^? :o wrong !m1 !y are go+ along ! broad road t leads to hell6 ,he says 7pp4 #aae1 #aaf73-- ,t we may all und]/& h[ ! case /&s ) u1 :e!r we are 9 ! broad road lead+ to de/ruction1 or 9 ! n>r[ road lead+ to heav51 let u see :at our ,"l says ab\t 8 %eep1 & ! m>k by :i* !y are kn[n4--,page #aag3 ,our ,"l says1 ',by ?is %all all m5 "k t ye are my disciples1 if ye h love "o to ano!r4' ,d ye he> 8 voice 9 ?is8 ,are y try+ to love y\r neighbor z y\rselves8 ,are y try+ to d to o!rs z y w\ld h !m d to y8 ,d y1 = ,jesus ,*ri/'s sake1 love y\r enemies8 ,d y bless !m t curse y1 d good to !m t hate y1 & pray = !m :i* despitefully use y & p]secute y8 ,9 ?is way1 aga91 y may try y\rselves1 & see :e!r y are ! %eep ( ,jesus ,*ri/4--,page #ic3 ,if1 9 ! great day1 y w\ld be plac$ on ! "r h&1 y mu/1 f love to ,jesus1 be k9d to "o ano!r1 & be ready to help any "o z mu* z y c4444 ,9 y\r daily "w1 y %\ld try & keep ! ,"l be=e y1 & d x z to him1 & n to man4444 ,:5 any "o (f5ds y1 y %\ld1 f love to ,jesus1 =give him & pray = him4 ,bi%op ,meade is equally explicit1 pp4 #aca1 #acb 7,brooke's ,slav]y1 c4 pp4 #cc1 #cd74 ,s5ator ,dick9son regrets t he 0 n born 9 a ,slave ,/ate1 s cong5ial is slav]y to 8 s\l6 ,b ! bi%op1 if he believes 9 8 own argum5t1 mu/ be sorr[ful t he is n himself a slave1 s easy does he say is ! slave's road to heav56-- ,take c>e t y d n fret or murmur1 grumble or rep9e at y\r condition2 = ?is w n only make y\r life uneasy1 b w greatly (f5d ,almighty ,god4 ,consid] t x is n y\rselves1 x is n ! p t y belong to1 x is n ! m5 t h br\ght y to x1 b x is ! w ( ,god1 :o ha?1 by 8 provid5ce made y s]vants1 because1 no d\bt1 he knew t condition w\ld be be/ = y 9 ?is _w1 & help y ! bett] t[>ds heav51 if y w\ld b d y\r duty 9 x4 ,s t any discont5t at y\r n be+ free or ri* or great1 z y see "s o!rs1 is qu>rell+ ) y\r heav5ly ,ma/]1 & f9d+ fault ) ,god himself1 :o ha? made y :at y are1 & ha? promis$ y z l>ge a %>e 9 ! k+dom ( heav5 z ! greate/ man alive1 if y w b behave y\rself aright1 & d ! bus9ess he ha? set y ab\t 9 ?is _w hone/ly & *e]fully4 ,ri*es & p[] h prov$ ! ru9 ( _m an unhappy s\l1 by draw+ away ! he>t & affections f ,god1 & fix+ !m on mean & s9ful enjoym5ts2 s t1 :5 ,god1 :o kn[s our he>ts bett] ?an we "k !m ourselves1 sees t !y w\ld be hurtful to u1 & !re=e keeps !m f u1 x is ! greate/ m]cy & k9dness he c\ld %[ u4 ,y may p]haps fancy1 t1 if y _h ri*es & fre$om1 y c\ld d y\r duty to ,god & man ) great] pleasure ?an y c n[4 ,b1 pray1 consid] t1 if y c b save y\r s\ls ?r\gh ! m]cy ( ,god1 y w h sp5t y\r "t to ! be/ ( purposes 9 ?is _w2 & he t at la/ c get to heav5 has p]=m$ a noble j\rney1 let ! road be ev] s rugg$ & difficult4 ,besides1 y really h a great advantage ov] mo/ :ite p1 :o h n only ! c>e ( _! daily labor ^u _! h&s1 b ! c>e ( look+ =w>d & provid+ necess>ies = to-morr[ & next day1 & ( clo?+ & br++ up _! *ildr51 & ( gett+ food & raim5t = z _m ( y z belong to _! families1 :i* (t5 puts !m to great difficulties1 & di/racts _! m9ds s z to break _! re/1 & take (f _! ?\ghts f ! affairs ( ano!r _w4 ,:]eas y are q eas$ f all ^! c>es1 & h no?+ b y\r daily labor to look aft]1 &1 :5 t is done1 take y\r ne$ful re/4 ,nei!r is x necess>y = y to ?9k ( lay+ up any ?+ aga9/ old age1 z :ite p are oblig$ to d2 = ! laws ( ! c\ntry h provid$1 t y %all n be turn$ (f :5 y are pa/ labor1 b %all be ma9ta9$1 :ile y live1 by ^? y belong to1 :e!r y are able to "w or n4,j ,& ^! are great & real advantages1 = :i*1 if y consid] ?+s rightly1 y _c b ?ank ,almighty ,god1 :o ha? s wisely provid$ = y\r well-be+ "h & y\r et]nal happ9ess h]eaft]4 ,god has made "s m5 slaves1 9 ord] ! bett] to help !m t[>ds heav56 ,h[ admirably has ! plan ( ! ,all-wise succe$$6 ,! slaves are a nation ( hea!n 9 our v mid/1 daily & h\rly 7if we may believe _! religi\s tea*]s7 desc5d+ to ev]la/+ p]dition4 ,f our v s\ls we are sick ( ! expression1 ! provid5ce ( ,god1 z ?us cant+ly us$6 ,:]ev] a great wrong is committ$ by man1 !re ! wrong is made "p ( ,god's my/]i\s provid5ce6 ,are ! poor oppress$1--x is a "p ( ,god's provid5ce6 ,are bloody w>s c>ri$ on = man's selfi% ends1--!y are "p ( ,god's provid5ce6 ,no?+ is too wick$1 no?+ too infam\sly mean1 = t ,be+ to d ^: ess5ce is love1 ^: law is j4 ,we d5\nce ! ,african slave-trad] z a fi5d1 &1 ) appropriate religi\s c]emonies1 hang him by ! neck until he is dead1 s deep is our dete/ation ( a pirate2 & yet1 at ! same "t1 we ?ank ,god1 t1 9 8 inf9ite wisdom1 he has devis$ & execut$ ! plan ( negro-slav]y1 z ! true way ( ,*ri/ianiz+ & elevat+ ,africa6 ,! slave-own] is said to h x 9 8 p[] to %ut up ! k+dom ( heav5 aga9/ 8 slaves1 & ! p[] is said to h be5 ex]cis$2 & ,mr4 ,jones seems to ?9k t ! race1 tak5 z a :ole1 are ?us %ut out4 ,& yet ! slaves are call$ ^u by "r rev]5d bi%ops to fall on _! knees1 & dev\tly ?ank ,god t he has made !m slaves1 9 ord] ! bett] to help !m t[>ds heav56 ,truly wond]ful is x1 t 7,rel4 ,in/4 p4 #aec7 !y are liv+ 9 manifold & gross s9s2 _! iniquities are aggravat$ & great be=e ! ,"l1 & n ! lea/ ( !m is _! neglect & contempt ( ! spiritual m]cies & privileges )9 _! rea*6 ,we conclude our extracts f ,bi%op ,meade's book ) ! foll[+ 7,brooke's ,slav]y1 pp4 #cd1 #ce73-- ,!re is only "o circum/ance :i* may appe> griev\s1 t ,i %all n[ take notice (1 & t is correction4 ,n[1 :5 correction is giv5 y1 y ei!r des]ve x1 or y d n des]ve x4 ,b :e!r y really des]ve x or n1 x is y\r duty1 & ,almighty ,god requires t y be> x pati5tly4 ,y may p]haps ?9k t ?is is h>d doctr9e2 b1 if y consid] x "r1 y mu/ ne$s ?9k o!rwise ( x4 ,suppose1 !n1 t y des]ve correction1 y _c b say t x is j & "r y %\ld meet ) x4 ,suppose y d n1 or at lea/ y d n des]ve s mu*1 or s sev]e a correction1 = ! fault y h committ$1 y p]haps h escap$ a great _m m1 & are at la/ paid = all4 ,or suppose y are q innoc5t ( :at is laid to y\r *>ge1 & suff] wrongfully 9 t p>ticul> ?+1 is x n possible y may h done "s o!r bad ?+ :i* 0 nev] discov]$1 & t ,almighty ,god :o saw y do+ x w\ld n let y escape )\t puni%m5t "o "t or ano!r8 ,& ought y n1 9 su* a case1 to give glory to him1 & be ?ankful t he w\ld r puni% y 9 ?is life = y\r wick$ness ?an de/roy y\r s\ls = x 9 ! next life8 ,b1 suppose ev5 ?is 0 n ! case 7a case h>dly to be imag9$71 & t y h by no means1 kn[n or unkn[n1 des]v$ ! correction y suff]$1 !re is ?is great com=t 9 x1 t1 if y be> x pati5tly1 & leave y\r cause 9 ! h&s ( ,god1 he w rew>d y = x 9 heav51 & ! puni%m5t y suff] unju/ly "h %all turn to y\r exce$+ great glory h]eaft]4 ,d\glass's aunt ,he/] disobey$ ,god's comm&s1 :5 %e paid no he$ to ! ord]s ( ,capt4 ,an?ony1--,god's ov]se]4 ,accord+ly1 says ,d\glass 7,n>rative1 p4 #g71 :o 0 an eye-witness ( ! transaction1 ! latt] took h] into ! kit*51 & /ripp$ h] f neck to wai/1 leav+ h] neck1 %\ld]s1 & back entirely nak$4 ,aft] cross+ h] h&s1 he ti$ !m ) a /rong rope1 & l$ h] to a /ool "u a l>ge hook 9 ! joi/1 put 9 = ! purpose4 ,he made h] get ^u ! /ool1 & ti$ h] h&s to ! hook4 ,%e n[ /ood fair = 8 inf]nal purpose4 ,h] arms 7 /ret*$ up at _! full l5g?1 s t %e /ood ^u ! ends ( h] toes4 ,he !n said to h]1--',n[1 y d----d b----h6 ,i'll le>n y h[ to disobey my ord]s6' ,&1 aft] roll+ up 8 sleeves1 he comm5c$ to lay on ! heavy c[sk92 & soon ! w>m1 r$ blood 7amid he>t-end+ %rieks f h]1 & horrid oa?s f him7 came dripp+ to ! floor4,k ,poor1 ignorant1 degrad$ aunt ,he/]6 ,%e little ?\ght t ,god _h ord]$ h] n to visit h] companion2 & t1 in/ead ( %riek+1 %e ought r to be giv+ glory to ,him :o 0 puni%+ h] 9 ?is _w1 9 ord] to save h] s\l 9 ! next6 ,bi%op ,ives ?us in/ructs ! slave-*ildr5 "u 8 *>ge,l 7,cate*ism73-- ,page #bg3 ,q4 ,y said t at y\r baptism y 7 made inh]itors ( ! k+dom ( heav52 b w y get et]nal life 9 heav51 if y d n /rive to g !re8--,a4 ,no2 b ,i %all be s5t d[n to hell4 ,q4 ,h[ are y to /rive or try to g to heav58--,a4 ,i mu/ h no?+ to d ) ! devil & 8 works2 :i* ,i gave up at my baptism4 ,q4 ,9 :at way are y to %un ! devil & 8 works8--,a4 ,by keep+ )9 me no bad ?\ghts2 by speak+ no bad words2 & by do+ no bad ?+s4 ,q4 ,:at d y mean by keep+ )9 y no bad ?\ghts8--,a4 ,i mean t ,i mu/ n hate anybody1 nor wi% to hurt anybody1 nor wi% to d any wrong4 ,page #cj3 ,q4 ,:at d y mean by do+ no bad ?+s1 su* ?+s z ! devil tempts y to d8--,a4 ,i mean t ,i mu/ n hurt anybody2 mu/ n disobey my p>5ts1 nor disobey my ma/]1 nor disobey ,god4 ,q4 ,b c y n disobey y\r p>5ts & y\r ma/] )\t _! kn[+ x8--,a4 ,yes2 b ,god kn[s x2 = ,god always sees me4 ,q4 ,:at else mu/ y d to get to heav58--,a4 ,i mu/ believe all t ,god has told me ab\t ! way to get !re4 ,pp4 #ce1 #cf3 ,q4 ,h[ are y to %[ t y love y\r neighbor z y\rself8--,a4 ,i am to %[ x by always do+ my duty to my neighbor1 z ,god has comm&$ me4 ,q4 ,:o is y\r neighbor8--,a4 ,ev]ybody :o lives ) me & ar\nd me1 & has ! control ov] me4 ,q4 ,c y "n "s p]sons8--,a4 ,my playfell[s1 my ma/] & mi/ress1 & my p>5ts4444 ,q4 ,h[ are y to %[ y\r love to y\r ma/] & mi/ress & y\r p>5ts8--,a4 ,i am nev] to lie to !m1 to /eal f !m1 nor speak bad words ab\t !m1 b always to d z !y bid me4 ,page #dg3 ,q4 ,h[ d o!rs s9 aga9/ y8--,a4 ,by curs+ me1 tell+ lies ab\t me1 or /rik+ me4 ,q4 ,:at mu/ y d to ^? :o ?us s9 aga9/ y8--,a4 ,i mu/ =give !m4 ,q4 ,:at if y d n =give !m8--,a4 ,!n ,god w n =give me4 ,q4 ,:y8--,a4 ,because ,i pray to him to =give me1 j z ,i =give o!rs4 ,page #dh3 ,q4 ,h[ are y to =give o!rs1 :5 !y trespass aga9/ y8--,a4 ,i am n to hurt !m1 because !y hurt me2 b ,i mu/ pray = !m1 & try to d !m good4 ,q4 ,:at if y d to !m j z !y d to y8--,a4 ,!n ,god w n =give my s9s1 b w puni% me4 ,page #dc3 ,q4 ,:at d y pray =1 :5 y say 9 ! ,"l's pray]1 ',?y w be done'8--,a4 ,i pray t my w & ev]ybody's w may submit to ,god's w4 ,q4 ,:]e does ,god make 8 w kn[n to u8--,a4 ,9 8 ^w & 9 8 acts4 ,page #dd3 ,q4 ,:at are ,god's acts by :i* he makes 8 w kn[n to u8--,a4 ,e ?+ t happ5s to u is ,god's act4 ,q4 ,h[ are y to submit to ,god's w z made kn[n 9 8 acts8--,a4 ,:5 ,god s5ds tr\ble or sickness or dea?1 ,i am to feel t ,god does "r4 ,mr4 ,jones ?us cate*izes ! slaves 7,cate*ism1 pp4 #abi-aca73-- ,q4 ,:at comm& has ,god giv5 to s]vants conc]n+ ob$i5ce to _! ma/]s8--,a4 ',s]vants1 obey 9 all ?+s y\r ma/]s accord+ to ! fle%1 n ) eye-s]vice z m5-pleas]s1 b 9 s+l5ess ( he>t1 fe>+ ,god4' ,q4 ,:at does ,god mean by ma/]s accord+ to ! fle%8--,a4 ,ma/]s 9 ?is _w4 ,q4 ,:at are s]vants to c\nt _! ma/]s wor?y (8--,a4 ',all honor4' ,q4 ,h[ are !y to d ! s]vice ( _! ma/]s8--,a4 ',) good w1 do+ s]vice z unto ! ,"l1 & n unto m54' ,q4 ,h[ are !y to try to please _! ma/]s8--,a4 ',please !m well 9 all ?+s1 n answ]+ aga94' ,q4 ,is a s]vant :o is an eye-s]vant to 8 e>?ly ma/] an eye-s]vant to 8 heav5ly ,ma/]8--,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,is x "r 9 a s]vant1 :5 comm&$ to d any ?+1 to be sull5 & sl[1 & answ] 8 ma/] aga98--,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,if ! s]vant pr(esses to be a ,*ri/ian1 ought he n to be z a ,*ri/ian s]vant1 an example to all o!r s]vants ( love & ob$i5ce to 8 ma/]8--,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,&1 %\ld 8 ma/] be a ,*ri/ian also1 ought he n on t acc\nt specially to love & obey him8--,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,b suppose ! ma/] is h>d to please1 & ?reat5s & puni%es m ?an he ought1 :at is ! s]vant to d8--,a4 ,d 8 be/ to please him4 ,q4 ,:5 ! s]vant suff]s wrongfully at ! h&s ( 8 ma/]1 &1 to please ,god1 takes x pati5tly1 w ,god rew>d him = x8--,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,is x "r = ! s]vant to run away1 or is x "r to h>bor a runaway8--,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,:at did ! ,apo/le ,paul to ,onesimus1 :o 0 a runaway8 ,did he h>bor him1 or s5d him back to 8 ma/]8--,a4 ,he s5t him back to 8 ma/] ) a lett]4 ,q4 ,is x any praise to a s]vant to be puni%$ = 8 faults1 or ought he to ?9k h>d ( x8--,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,are s]vants at lib]ty to tell lies1 & deceive _! ma/]s8--,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,are !y at lib]ty to /eal f _! ma/]s8--,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,:at ought !y to %[ 9 _! :ole "* & conduct8--,a4 ',all good fidelity1 t !y may adorn ! doctr9e ( ,god our ,savi\r 9 all ?+s4' ,q4 ,if s]vants w fai?fully d _! duty & s]ve ,god 9 _! /ations z s]vants1 w !y be respect$ ( m51 & bless$ & honor$ ( ,god z well z o!rs8--,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,w s]vants h to acc\nt to ,god = ! mann] 9 :i* !y s]ve _! ma/]s on e>?8--,a4 ,yes4 ,mr4 ,jones ?us exp\nds ! t5? comm&m5t 7,cate*ism1 pp4 #aah-abj73-- ,q4 ,h[ does ,god require me to love my neighbor8--,a4 ,z myself4 ,q4 ,ought ,i n !re=e to be glad :5 ,i see him h & enjoy e good ?+8--,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,b suppose ,i am n glad1 & desire ! v ?+s he has1 & begrudge 8 hav+ !m1 :at d ,i8--,a4 ,i covet4 ,q4 ,is x n my duty to be cont5t$ ) su* ?+s z ,i h1 )\t covet+ :at my neighbor has8--,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,:at did ! ,apo/le ,paul say he _h le>n$8--,a4 ',i h le>n$1 9 :atsoev] /ate ,i am1 !re) to be cont5t4' ,q4 ,repeat1 ',godl9ess ) cont5tm5t4'--,a4 ',godl9ess ) cont5tm5t is great ga92 = we br\ght no?+ into ?is _w1 & x is c]ta9 we c c>ry no?+ out2 &1 hav+ food & raim5t1 let u be !re) cont5t4' ,q4 ,f :om come? d[n e good gift & e p]fect gift8--,a4 ,f ,god4 ,q4 ,:o is exalt$ z head above all1 & give? ri*es & honor & greatness & /r5g?1 & also ca/e? d[n & make? poor :om he please?8--,a4 ,god4 ,q4 ,if ,i "w & am indu/ri\s1 & walk uprightly ) ,god1 w he suff] me to want any good ?+8--,a4 ,no4 99 99 99 99 99 ,q4 ,does ?is comm&m5t =bid ! v ?\ght itself ( evil aga9/ our neighbor8--,a4 ,yes4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we are to be cont5t$ ) our own condition & circum/ances1 z appo9t$ unto u by our inf9itely wise & graci\s ,fa!r 9 heav54 ,?us disc\rse? t em95t son ( ,massa*usetts1 ! ,rev4 ,!odore ,clapp1 aft] sev5te5 ye>s' exp]i5ce ( ! bless$ness ( slav]y 7,s]mon1 p4 #ff73-- ,let all ,*ri/ian tea*]s %[ our s]vants ! importance ( be+ submissive1 ob$i5t1 indu/ri\s1 hone/1 & fai?ful to ! int]e/s ( _! ma/]s4 ,let _! m9ds be fill$ ) sweet anticipations ( re/ et]nal beyond ! grave4 ,let !m be tra9$ to direct _! views to t fasc9at+ & glori\s futurity1 :]e ! s9s1 sorr[s1 & tr\bles ( e>? w be contemplat$ "u ! aspect ( means indisp5sable to our ev]la/+ progress 9 k1 virtue1 & happ9ess4 ,i w\ld say to e slave 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,y %\ld realize t a wise1 k9d1 & m]ciful ,provid5ce has appo9t$ = y y\r condition 9 life2 &1 all ?+s consid]$1 y c\ld n be m eligibly situat$4 ,! burd5 ( y\r c>e1 toils1 & responsibilities is mu* light] ?an t :i* ,god has impos$ on y\r ma/]4 ,! mo/ enlight5$ philan?ropi/s1 ) unlimit$ res\rces1 c\ld n place y 9 a situation m favorable to y\r pres5t & ev]la/+ welf>e ?an t :i* y n[ occupy4 ,y h y\r tr\bles4 ,s h all4 ,rememb] h[ evanesc5t are ! pleasures & joys ( human life4 ,judici\s religi\s in/ruction1 !re=e1 makes ! slaves fai?ful1 dilig5t1 & hone/1 & v mat]ially promotes discipl9e2 & x produces ^! results mu* m p]fectly ?an any o!r motive :i* c be us$4 ,! c[sk9 & ! paddle are d\btless s]viceable2 b t ,s\? ,c>ol9a plant] told ! tru? :o said to ,dr4 ,brisbane 7,brooke's ,slav]y1 p4 #ce71 t religion 0 wor? m to him ) 8 slaves ?an f\r wagon-loads ( c[sk9s6 ,a judici\sly awak5$ consci5ce1 an e>ne/ wi% on ! "p ( ! slave to d :at he believes to be ! w ( ,god1 9 ord] to escape nev]-end+ torm5ts 9 hell1 con/itute a mu* m =cible & con/ant incitem5t & re/ra9t ?an t ( fe>4 ,:5 we reflect t ignorance & sup]/ition r5d] !m easy dupes to _! tea*]s1 & t ! m ignorant & sup]/iti\s !y are1 ! m easily !y may be dup$1 x is evid5t t ?is religi\s re/ra9t is easily creat$1 & daily increases 9 /r5g?4 ,h[ inf9itely m p[]ful1 !n1 is su* a motive ?an ! fe> ( bodily suff]+6 ,x is equally easy & va/ly m efficaci\s to ply judici\s religi\s in/ruction ?an to ply ! c[sk9 or ! paddle6 ,x is evid5t also1 t ! religi\s in/ruction ( slaves increases _! m>ket-value1 & greatly promotes ! safety ( ! community4 ,exp]i5ce tea*es u1 says ! ,"r ,rev4 ,dr4 ,gibson1 ! great value ( ^? s]vants :o are truly religi\s1 comp>$ ) ^? :o h no s5se ( religion 7,rel4 ,in/4 p4 #bb74 ,no p]sons feel ?is m s5sibly ?an ! slavehold]s4 ,ev5 m5 ( ! _w1 says ! ,presbyt]y ( ,georgia1 ?r[ wide ! door ( access to _! negroes4 ,! f\r? ( a s]ies ( resolutions report$ to ! ,synod ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia 9 #ahcc reads1 ,we deem religi\s in/ruction to ma/] & s]vant e way conducive to our int]e/s = ?is _w & = t :i* is to come 7ib4 p4 #gd74 ,) ! proce$+s ( a conv5tion held 9 ,*>le/on1 ,s4,c4 9 #ahde1 to consid] ! subject ( ! religi\s in/ruction ( slaves1 7 publi%$ lett]s f sev]al p]sons1 describ+ ! effect actually produc$ by su* in/ruction4 ,"o p]son writes1 ,! deep] ! piety ( ! slave1 ! m valuable is he 9 e s5se ( ! ^w4 ,ano!r says1 ,a reg>d to self-int]e/ %\ld lead e plant] to give 8 p religi\s in/ruction4 ,on su* l>ge plantations1 says ,mr4 ,jones 7,rel4 ,in/4 p4 #bci71 z a m]e matt] ( ga91 a religi\s in/ructor %\ld be employ$4 ,by religi\s in/ruction 7ib4 p4 #bjh71 ! pecuni>y int]e/s ( ma/]s w be advanc$ z a necess>y consequ5ce4--,page #bjd3 ,is x n conc$$1 t a truly pi\s s]vant gives less tr\ble1 & is m pr(itable1 ?an "o :o is n8 ,is !re "o ma/] 9 a ?\s& :o does n desire su* s]vants8 ,is x n true1 t ! mo/ pi\s s]vants ex]t ! happie/ influ5ce 9 promot+ hone/y & good ord] on plantations & 9 communities8--,page #baj3 ,! religi\s in/ruction ( ! slaves w contribute to safety4 ',! ?+ t ha? be51 x is t :i* may be2' & al?\gh1 z a slavehold+ c\ntry1 we are s situat$ t1 s f> z man c see1 ! hope ( success on ! "p ( our labor+ class1 9 any attempt at revolution1 is =lorn2 yet no enemy 7if !re be an enemy7 %\ld be despis$1 h[ev] weak1 & no dang] unprovid$ =1 h[ev] app>5tly remote4444 ,x is1 !n1 b a prud5t =esight1 a dictate ( b5evol5ce & ( wisdom1 to orig9ate1 & set 9 op]ation1 means t may act z a *eck ^u1 if n a p]fect prev5tive1 ( evil4 ,i am a firm believ] 9 ! efficacy ( s\nd religi\s in/ruction z a means to ! end desir$4 ,ib4 p4 #bab3 ,besides ! g5]al & special influ5ces ( ! gospel n[ adv]t$ to1 safety w be connect$ ) ! v disp5sation ( x4444 ,! pres5ce ( :ite in/ructors1 settl$ m9i/]s1 or mission>ies1 9 _! private z well z public religi\s assemblies1 & free int]c\rse ) ! p & ) _! influ5tial m5 & lead]s1 ex]t a re/ra9+ influ5ce ^u any _s ( insubord9ation t may exi/1 & at ! same "t give opportunities = its detection4 ,! negroes are z capable ( /rong p]sonal atta*m5ts to _! religi\s in/ructors z are any o!r p1 & ( _! own w are incl9$ to make confid5tial communications6 ,su* is ! quality ( ! religi\s in/ruction imp>t$ to slaves2 su* is ! way 9 :i* _! fami%+ s\ls are l$ away to ! wat] ( life6 ,to escape ev]la/+ torm5ts 9 hell1 a slave mu/ submit to rema9 9 slav]y6 ,he mu/ nei!r murmur nor rep9e at 8 lot1 b r give ?anks to ,god = 8 lov+-k9dness & t5d] m]cy 9 remov+ f 8 pa? s _m temptations to s96 ,he mu/ obey 8 ma/] 9 all ?+s1 & d ! "w assign$ to him fai?fully & dilig5tly1 9 s+l5ess ( he>t1 z unto ,*ri/6 ,he mu/ act hone/ly1 & nev] wa/e any ( ! com=ts & conv5i5ces ( life :i* he procures = 8 ma/]4 ,no accumulation ( injuries or deprivations c excuse him = runn+ away2 b he is b\nd to endure all 8 wrongs ) *e]fulness & pati5ce1 &1 leav+ 8 cause 9 ! h&s ( ,god1 look to ,heav5 alone = 8 rew>d6 ,:o is !re t does n feel irresi/ibly impell$1 ) ,bi%op ,ives1 to cease wail+ ov] ! imag9>y suff]+ ( ! slaves1 & to unite ) him 9 ! he>t-felt exclamation1 ',h[ happy are ! p t are 9 su* a case6 yea1 bless$ are ! p :o h ! ,"l = _! ,god'8 7,bi%op ,ives's ,address to ! ,conv5tion 9 8 ,diocese2 ,jay's ,lett]1 p4 #c74 ,:o _c say to ! slaves1 ) ,mr4 ,gl5nie 7p4 #eh71 ,y\r advantages are inde$ great3 444 oh6 make full use ( y\r privileges1 & %[ t y ?ank ,god by s]v+ him8 ,to tea* untru?s is a great] wrong to a man's s\l ?an m]ely to keep him 9 ignorance4 ,h[ mu* m pitifully wick$ is x1 !n1 to tea* su* untru?s only or ma9ly z mu/ advance ! pecuni>y int]e/ ( ! oppressor6 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,indirect ,,in/ruction4--,,no ,,legal ,,m>riage ,,( ,,slaves4 ,m>riage unites all :i* ennobles & beautifies life4--,de ,wette4 ,negro m>riages are nei!r recogniz$ nor protect$ by law4--,rev4 ,c4 ,c4 ,jones4 ,besides ! direct in/ruction ?us imp>t$ to slaves1 !re is an indirect in/ruction mu* m p[]ful & effective 9 secur+ _! degradation4 ,m>riage1 says ,de ,wette1 is g5u9e only :5 s+le & p]man5t4 ,x is !n also ! fir/ & mo/ important in/itution ( human exi/5ce2 ! f\ndation ( all civilization & culture2 ! root ( *ur* & /ate4 ,x is ! mo/ intimate cov5ant ( he>t =m$ among mank9d2 & ?\s&s are fir/ made aw>e by x t !y h )9 !m a nobl] impulse & a nobl] want ?an to labor1 to acquire1 & to enjoy4 ,x is ! union ( manly /r5g? ) fem99e g5tl5ess2 ! temp]+ ( mascul9e rud5ess by female delicacy2 &1 = innum]able p]sons1 ! only relation 9 :i* !y feel ! true s5tim5ts ( humanity4 ,x gives scope = e human virtue1 s9ce ea* ( ^! is develop$ f ! love & confid5ce :i* "h pr$om9ate4 ,x unites all :i* ennobles & beautifies life1--sympa?y1 k9dness ( w & de$1 gratitude1 devotion1 & e delicate1 intimate feel+4 ,z ! only asylum = true education1 x is ! fir/ & la/ sanctu>y ( human culture4 ,z husb& & wife1 ?r\gh ea* o!r1 become consci\s ( complete humanity1 ( e humane feel+ & e humane virtue2 s *ildr51 at _! fir/ awak5+ 9 ! fond cov5ant ( love betwe5 p>5ts1 bo? ( :om are t5d]ly conc]n$ = ! same object1 f9d an image ( complete humanity1 leagu$ 9 free love4 ,! _s ( love1 :i* prevails betwe5 !m1 acts ) creative p[] ^u ! "y m9d1 & awak5s e g]m ( goodness )9 x4 ,?is invisible1 uncalculat$1 & incalculable influ5ce ( p>5tal life acts m ^u ! *ild ?an all ! ef=ts ( education by means ( in/ruction1 precept1 & exhortation4 ,h[ true & yet h[ fa9t a picture ( ! va/ influ5ce = good ( ! in/itution ( m>riage6 ,b if m>riage ?us unites all :i* x ennobles & beautifies life2 if1 z a means ( education1 its influ5ce is uncalculat$ & incalculable1 :at mu/ be ! moral degradation ( t p to :om m>riage is d5i$8 ,mu/ n ! degradation also be uncalculat$ & incalculable8 ,& yet su* is ! condition ( ! slaves6 ,n cont5t ) depriv+ !m ( all ! high] & holi] enjoym5ts ( m>riage1 by degrad+ & d>k5+ _! s\ls1 ! slavehold]s d5y to _! slaves ev5 t slight alleviation to _! mis]y :i* w\ld result f _! m>riage-relations be+ protect$4 ,x is obvi\sly true1 t 7,jones's ,cate*ism1 p4 #aab7 all ! com=t & happ9ess ( ! m>riage-/ate1 & all ! good fl[+ f x1 to families & ! _w at l>ge1 dep5d ^u its sacr$ness & purity4 ,)\t ^! !re c be no m>riage4 ,no less true is x1 t ! in/itution 7,rel4 ,in/4 p4 #acb7 dep5ds1 = its p]petuity1 sacr$ness1 & value1 l>gely ^u ! protection giv5 to x by ! law ( ! l&4 ,b ! law gives no protection :atev] to ! m>riage ( slaves6 ,slaves _c m>ry1 says ! ,civil ,code ( ,l\isiana 7,art4 #ahb71 )\t ! cons5t ( _! ma/]s2 & _! m>riages d n produce any ( ! civil effects :i* result f su* contract4 ,) ! cons5t ( _! ma/]s1 slaves may m>ry1 & _! moral p[] to agree to su* a contract or connection z t ( m>riage _c be d\bt$2 b1 :il/ 9 a /ate ( slav]y1 x _c produce any civil effect1 because slaves are depriv$ ( all civil rights 7#f ,m>t9's ,rep4 #eej47 ,z ! ,/ate1 says a writ] 9 ! ,c>ol9a ,bapti/1 con/itutionally & legally is ignorant ( ! m>riage ( slaves1 x is equally ignorant ( its dissolution4 ,x leaves ?is :ole matt] :]e x ought to be1 t is1 unt\*$1 & ) ! own]s !mselves4 ,if !re be an abuse ( ?is p[]1 ! rem$y is n ) ! ,/ate1 b social1 religi\s1 & ecclesia/ical 7,! ,*ur* z x is1 p4 #gg74 ,negro m>riages1 says ,mr4 ,jones 7,rel4 ,in/4 pp4 #acb1 #acc71 are nei!r recogniz$ nor protect$ by law4 ,! negroes receive no in/ruction on ! nature1 sacr$ness1 & p]petuity ( ! in/itution3 at any rate1 !y are f> f be+ duly impress$ ) ^! ?+s4 ,!y are n requir$ to be m>ri$ 9 any p>ticul> =m1 nor by any p>ticul> p]sons4 ,_! c]emonies are p]=m$ by _! own wat*m5 or tea*]s1 by "s :ite m9i/]1 or1 z x frequ5tly happ5s1 n at all4444 ,!re is no special disgrace nor puni%m5t visit$ ^u ^? :o crim9ally violate _! m>riage v[s1,m except :at may be inflict$ by own]s1 or1 if ! p>ties be memb]s1 by ! *ur* 9 ! way ( susp5sion & excommunication4--,page #aai3 ,! relation is liable to disruption 9 a v>iety ( =ms1 = "s ( :i* !re is no rem$y4--,page #acc3 ,families are1 & may be1 divid$ = improp] conduct on ! "p ( ei!r husb& or wife1 or by necessity1 z 9 cases ( ! dea? ( own]s1 division ( e/ates1 debt1 sale1 or removals2 = !y are subject to all ! *anges & vicissitudes ( prop]ty4 ,su* divisions are1 h[ev]1 c>efully gu>d$ aga9/ & prev5t$1 z f> z possible1 by own]s1 on ! score ( int]e/1 z well z ( religion & humanity4 ,h5ce1 z may well be imag9$1 ! m>riage-relation loses mu* ( ! sacr$ness & p]petuity ( its "*4 ,x is a contract ( conv5i5ce1 pr(it1 or pleasure1 t may be ent]$ into & dissolv$ at ! w ( ! p>ties1 & t )\t he9\s s94 ,:at a pitiful & wick$ mock]y x is ?us to exp\nd to slaves ! sev5? comm&m5t6 7,jones's ,cate*ism1 pp4 #aaj1 #aaa73 ,q4 ,%\ld p]sons be m>ri$ 9 a public or 9 a private way8--,a4 ,9 a public way4 ,q4 ,& by :om %\ld ! c]emony be p]=m$8--,a4 ,by a m9i/] or "s o!r lawful p]son4 ,q4 ,is ,god really pres5t to witness ! m>riage8--,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,h[ ne> ( k9 may a man m>ry8--,a4 ,8 fir/ c\s94 ,q4 ,aft] m>riage1 c husb& & wife sep>ate :5ev] !y please8--,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,has any p]son :atev] p[] to sep>ate !m if he pleases8--,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,:at sai? our ,savi\r1 ',:at1 !re=e1 ,god ha? jo9$'8 ,a4 ',:at1 !re=e1 ,god ha? jo9$ toge!r1 let n man put asund]4' ,q4 ,c husb& & wife ev] sep>ate8--,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,9 h[ _m ways8--,a4 ,9 two only4 ,q4 ,:at is ! fir/8--,a4 ,:5 ei!r ( !m commits adult]y4 ,q4 ,:at is ! second8--,a4 ,:5 ei!r ( !m dies4 ,q4 ,aft] "o dies1 may ! o!r lawfully m>ry aga98--,a4 ,yes4 ,page #aab3 ,q4 ,h[ w ,god puni% ^? :o break ?is comm&m5t 9 ! _w to come8--,a4 ,9 ev]la/+ fire4 ,h[ sacr$ is ! m>riage ( slaves6 ,!y _c ev5 g ?r\gh ! =m1 )\t ! cons5t ( _! own]s4 ,& if ! own] ( two bodies cons5ts to ! p]=mance ( ! c]emony by a m9i/] or "s o!r lawful p]son1 & ,god himself is really pres5t to witness ! m>riage1 ! law1 not)/&+1 decl>es ! s-call$ m>riage to be z complete a nullity z ! union ( any o!r k9d ( live-/ock6 ,x decl>es t ^? :om ,god ha? jo9$ may be put asund]1 :5ev] ! own] pleases2 z if1 wi%+ to raise money to pay 8 debts1 he f9ds x m conv5i5t to sell ! wife at auction to pl$g+ 8 bank-/ock2 or if1 wi%+ to remove1 he ?9ks x w be bett] economy to take 8 /ock ) him ?an sell out1 p]haps at a sacrifice1 & buy aga9 an inf]ior article6 ,9 ord] to be able to live ) 8 wife at all1 ,h5ry ,br[n 0 oblig$ to hire h] ( h] own] = fifty doll>s a ye>2 &1 :5 h] ma/] became %ort ( funds1 he sold ! wife & ?ree *ildr51 be=e ,br[n's v face1 to a ,me?odi/ m9i/]1--"o ( ^? holy m5 :o are call$ ( ,god & solemnly set ap>t to prea* to all m5 ! gospel ( love6 ,s sacr$ is ! m>riage ( slaves6 ,!re is no su* ?+ z a sacr$ m>riage among slaves4 ,m>riage1 ) !m1 at its be/ e/ate1 is b concub9age4 ,! relation mu/ be ent]$ into :5 & z ! own] ord]s6 ,x is *ang$ :5ev]1 9 8 good pleasure1 he wills t x %all *ange6 ,x ends :5 he wills t x %all end6 ,:]e9 is ! union among ! human /ock1 on ! ,s\!rn plantations1 reg>d$ z m sacr$ & la/+ ?an ! union among ! brute /ock8 ,9 bo? cases1 ! law consid]s ! union z a m]ely animal relation1 = an animal purpose1--! increase1 p]haps ! improvem5t1 ( ! bre$6 ,s sacr$ is ! m>riage ( slaves6 ,! foll[+ adv]tisem5ts1 & hundr$s ( simil> ones might be cit$1 ?r[ light on ! subject3-- ,f ! ,ri*mond ,enquir]1 ,feb4 #bj1 #ahch3 ,,/op ,,! ,,runaway666--#be ,rew>d4 ,ran away f ! ,eagle ,tav]n1 a negro fell[1 nam$ ,nat4 ,he is no d\bt attempt+ to foll[ 8 wife1 :o 0 lately sold to a speculator1 nam$ ,r$mond4 ,! above rew>d w be paid by ,mrs4 ,lucy ,m4 ,d[nman1 ( ,sussex c\nty1 ,va4 ,f ! ,ri*mond 7,va47 ,compil]1 ,sept4 #h1 #ahcg3 ,,ran ,,away ,,f ,,! ,,subscrib]--,,b54 ,he ran (f )\t any kn[n cause1 & ,i suppose he is aim+ to g to 8 wife1 :o 0 c>ri$ f ! neighborhood la/ w9t]4 ,,john ,,hunt4 ,f ! ,lex+ton 7,ky47 ,intellig5c]1 ,july #g1 #ahch3 #afj ,,rew>d4--,ran away f ! subscrib]s1 liv+ 9 ?is city1 on ,saturday1 #af? in/4 a negro man1 nam$ ,dick1 ab\t #cg ye>s ( age4 ,x is highly probable said boy w make = ,new ,orleans1 z he has a wife liv+ 9 t city1 & he has be5 he>d to say frequ5tly t he 0 det]m9$ to g to ,new ,orleans4 ,,drake ,,?ompson4 ,lex+ton1 ,june #ag1 #ahch4 #ej ,,rew>d4--,ran away f ! subscrib]1 8 negro man1 ,pauladore1 commonly call$ ,paul4 ,i und]/& ,g54 ,r4 ,y4 ,hayne has pur*as$ 8 wife & *ildr5 f ,h4 ,l4 ,p9ckney1 ,esq4 & has !m n[ on 8 plantation at ,goosecreek1 :]e1 no d\bt1 ! fell[ is frequ5tly lurk+4 ,t4 ,,davis4 ,! wife has be5 sold to ! speculator 9 human fle%6 ,! sacr$ relation has be5 = ev] sund]$ by ,god's ov]se]6 ,! husb& has be5 orally taught to say1--,?\ %alt n commit adult]y1 & to consid] su* to be a div9e comm&4 ,b he is /rong & heal?y1 & 8 ma/] ord]s him to live ) ano!r woman4 ,:at is he to d8 ,if he obeys1 he commits adult]y1 & disobeys ,god's comm&s4 ,truly a difficult matt] to settle6 ,:at ard5t pray]s w ! *ur* s5d up to heav51 t _! bro!r may h /r5g? giv5 to him to enable him to save 8 s\l alive6 ,:at e>ne/ entreaties6 ,h[ solemnly w ! *ur* remon/rate ) its memb] aga9/ ! commission ( s great a s96 ,&1 :5 pray]s1 entreaties1 remon/rances1 h all be5 tri$ & h fail$1 h[ /]nly w ! *ur* proce$ to ! la/ extremity1--excommunication6 ,if ! man :o m>ries 8 deceas$ wife's si/] mu/ be cut (f f memb]%ip 9 ! ,savi\r's body z impure1,n h[ mu* m mu/ t man be cut (f :o is fai?less dur+ 8 wife's lifetime8 ,h[ admirably does ! ,savannah ,riv] ,bapti/ ,association h>monize ! wor%ip ( ,god & mammon1 & reconcile ob$i5ce to ! comm&s ( ! ma/] ) ob$i5ce to ,god6 ,?is ,association1 9 reply to ! "q 7,brooke's ,slav]y1 p4 #ch71-- ,:e!r1 9 a case ( involunt>y sep>ation1 ( su* a "* z to preclude all prospect ( future int]c\rse1 ! p>ties ought to be all[$ to m>ry aga91 ,answ]-- ,t su* sep>ation among p]sons situat$ z our slaves are1 is civilly a sep>ation by dea?2 & !y believe1 t1 9 ! sight ( ,god1 x w\ld be s view$4 ,to =bid second m>riages 9 su* cases w\ld be to expose ! p>ties1 n only to /rong] h>d%ips & /rong temptation1 b to *ur*-c5sure = act+ 9 ob$i5ce to _! ma/]s1 :o _c be expect$ to acquiesce 9 a regulation at v>iance ) ju/ice to ! slaves1 & to ! _s ( t comm& :i* regulates m>riage among ,*ri/ians4 ,! slaves are n free ag5ts2 & a dissolution by dea? is n m entirely )\t _! cons5t1 & beyond _! control1 ?an by su* sep>ation4 ,a simil> decision 0 made by ! ,%iloh ,bapti/ ,association 9 ,virg9ia4 ,?is "q 0 pres5t$ = solution 7,! ,*ur* z x is1 pp4 #gf1 #gg71-- ,is a s]vant1 ^: husb& or wife has be5 sold by 8 or h] ma/] into a di/ant c\ntry1 to be p]mitt$ to m>ry aga98 ,! qu]y 0 ref]r$ to a committee1 :o made ! foll[+ report2 :i*1 aft] discussion1 0 adopt$3-- ,t1 9 view ( ! circum/ances 9 :i* s]vants 9 ?is c\ntry are plac$1 ! committee are unanim\s 9 ! op9ion1 t x is bett] to p]mit s]vants ?us circum/anc$ to take ano!r husb& or wife4 ,conv5i5t tru?6 ,a diff]5t rule w\ld less5 ! productiv5ess ( ! ma/]'s /ock6 ,c any man :o owns ! body ( 8 si/] be expect$ to acquiesce 9 a regulation :i* w\ld deprive 8 prop]ty ( half its value6 ,b1 suppose ! ma/] wi%es to sell ! female slave = purposes ( lic5ti\sness1 or suppose ! ma/] is himself impure1 is ?is agreeable to ! ord] ( ,div9e ,provid5ce8 ,does any "o say t ei!r law or public op9ion protects ! female slave f ! brutality ( h] ma/]8 ,! great frequ5cy ( outrages ( ?is k9d is demon/rat$ by ! t5s ( ?\s&s ( slaves1 m or less :ite1 :o are f\nd at ! ,s\?4 ,x 0 a ,s\!rn] :o said1 t ! be/ blood ( ,virg9ia fl[$ 9 ! ve9s ( h] slaves6 ,f ! ,ri*mond 7,va47 ,:ig3 #ajj ,,rew>d w be giv5 = ! appreh5sion ( my negro787 ,edmund ,k5ney4 ,he has /raight hair1 & complexion s ne>ly :ite1 t x is believ$ a /rang] w\ld suppose !re 0 no ,african blood 9 him4 ,he 0 ) my boy ,dick a %ort "t s9ce 9 ,norfolk1 & (f]$ him = sale1 & 0 appreh5d$1 b escap$ "u pret5ce ( be+ a :ite man6 ,janu>y #f1 #ahcf4 ,,&]son ,,b[les4 ,f ! ,republican ,bann] & ,na%ville ,:ig ( ,july #ad1 #ahdi3 #bjj ,,rew>d--,ran away f ! subscrib]1 on ! #bc;d ( ,june la/1 a bright mulatto woman1 nam$ ,julia1 ab\t #be ye>s ( age4 ,%e is ( common size1 ne>ly :ite1 & v likely4 ,%e is a good seam/ress1 & c read a little4 ,%e may attempt to pass = :ite1--dresses f9e4 ,%e took ) h] ,anna1 h] *ild1 #h or #i ye>s old1 & consid]ably d>k] ?an h] "m4444 ,%e once belong$ to a ,mr4 ,helm1 ( ,columbia1 ,t5nessee4 ,i w give a rew>d ( #ej = said negro & *ild1 if deliv]$ to me or conf9$ 9 any jail 9 ?is ,/ate1 s ,i c get !m2 #ajj1 if caught 9 any o!r ,slave ,/ate1 & conf9$ 9 a jail s t ,i c get !m2 & #bjj1 if caught 9 any ,free ,/ate1 & put 9 any good jail 9 ,k5tucky or ,t5nessee1 s ,i c get !m4 ,na%ville1 ,july #i1 #ahdi4 ,a4 ,w4 ,,johnson4 ,! foll[+ ?ree adv]tisem5ts are tak5 f ,alabama pap]s3 ,,ran ,,away ,,f ,,! ,,subscrib]1 work+ on ! plantation ( ,col4 ,h4 ,t9k]1 a bright mulatto boy1 nam$ ,alfr$4 ,alfr$ is ab\t #ah ye>s old1 pretty well gr[n1 has blue eyes1 light flax5 hair1 sk9 dispos$ to freckle4 ,he w try to pass z free-born4 ,gre5 ,c\nty1 ,ala4 ,s4 ,g4 ,,/ew>t4 #ajj ,,rew>d4--,ran away f ! subscrib]1 a bright mulatto man-slave1 nam$ ,sam4 ,light s&y hair1 blue eyes1 ruddy complexion1--is s :ite z v easily to pass = a free :ite man4 ,,edw9 ,,peck4 ,mobile1 ,april #bb1 #ahcg4 ,,ran ,,away1 on ! #ae? ( ,may1 f me1 a negro woman1 nam$ ,fanny4 ,said woman is #bj ye>s old2 is r tall2 c read & write1 & s =ge passes = h]self4 ,c>ri$ away ) h] a pair ( e>-r+s1--a ,bible ) a r$ cov]2 is v pi\s4 ,%e prays a great deal1 & 01 z suppos$1 cont5t$ & happy4 ,%e is z :ite z mo/ :ite wom51 ) /raight light hair1 & blue eyes1 & c pass h]self = a :ite woman4 ,i w give #ejj = h] appreh5sion & deliv]y to me4 ,%e is v intellig5t4 ,,john ,,bal*4 ,tuscaloosa1 ,may #bi1 #ahde4 ,f ! ,newb]n 7,n4,c47 ,spectator3 #ej ,,rew>d w be giv5 = ! appreh5sion & deliv]y to me ( ! foll[+ slaves1--,samuel & ,judy1 8 wife1 ) _! f\r *ildr51 belong+ to ! e/ate ( ,sack] ,dubb]ly1 deceas$4 ,i w give #aj = ! appreh5sion ( ,william ,dubb]ly1 a slave belong+ to ! e/ate4 ,william is ab\t #ai ye>s old1 q :ite1 & w\ld n readily be tak5 = a slave4 ,m>* #ac1 #ahcg4 ,,john ,j4 ,,lane4 ,! next two adv]tisem5ts we cut f ! ,new ,orleans ,picayune ( ,sept4 #b1 #ahdf3 #be ,,rew>d4--,ran away f ! plantation ( ,madame ,f]gus ,duplanti]1 on or ab\t ! #bg? ( ,june1 #ahdf1 a bright mulatto1 nam$ ,n$1 v /\t built1 ab\t #e feet #aa in*es high1 speaks ,engli% & ,fr5*1 ab\t #ce ye>s old1 waddles 9 8 walk4 ,he may try to pass himself = a :ite man1 z he is ( a v cle> color1 & has s&y hair4 ,! above rew>d w be paid to :oev] w br+ him to ,madame ,duplanti]'s plantation1 ,man*ac1 or lodge him 9 "s jail :]e he c be conv5i5tly obta9$4 #bjj ,,rew>d4--,ran away f ! subscrib]1 la/ ,novemb]1 a :ite negro man1 ab\t #ce ye>s old1 height ab\t #e feet #h or #aj in*es1 blue eyes1 has a yell[ woolly head1 v fair sk91 7p>ticul>ly "u 8 clo!s74444 ,said negro man 0 rais$ 9 ,columbia1 ,s4,c4 & is well kn[n by ! "n ( ,dick ,frazi]4444 ,he 0 lately kn[n to be work+ on ! railroad 9 ,alabama1 ne> ,moore's ,turn ,out1 & pass$ z a :ite man1 by ! "n ( ,jesse ,teams4 ,i w give ! above rew>d = 8 deliv]y 9 any jail1 s t ,i c get him2 & ,i w give #ejj = suffici5t pro( to convict1 9 op5 c\rt1 any man :o c>ri$ him away4 ,b>nwell ,c\rt ,h\se1 ,s4,c4 ,j4 ,d4 ,,all54 ,p4,s4 ,said man has a good-%ap$ foot & leg1 & 8 foot is v small & holl[4 ,9 ! ,new ,orleans ,bee ( ,june #bb1 #ahca1 ,p4 ,bahi adv]tises z a runaway ,m>ia1 ) a cle>1 :ite complexion4 ,ell5 ,craft is z :ite z our own si/]s4 ,wm4 ,w4 ,br[n 7,n>rative1 p4 #cd71 describ+ a gang ( slaves :o 7 "u 8 *>ge1 & de/9$ to supply ! ,new ,orleans m>ket1 ?us speaks ( "o :o attract$ ! att5tion ( ! pass5g]s & ! crew3-- ,x 0 a beautiful girl1 app>5tly ab\t tw5ty yeas ( age1 p]fectly :ite1 ) /raight1 light hair1 & blue eyes4 ,b x 0 n ! :it5ess ( h] sk9 t creat$ su* a s5sation among ^? :o gaz$ ^u h]3 x 0 h] almo/ unp>allel$ beauty4 ,%e _h be5 on ! boat b a %ort "t be=e ! att5tion ( all ! pass5g]s1 includ+ ! ladies1 _h be5 call$ to h]2 & ! common topic ( conv]sation 0 ab\t ! beautiful slave-girl4 ,a fri5d1 a resid5t = "s "t 9 ,new ,orleans1 describes to u a v beautiful slave he saw !re1 :o _h light curl+ hair1 blue eyes1 & almo/ a blonde complexion4 ,aft] hav+ be5 kept z a mi/ress by h] own]1 he f9ally sold h] to pay 8 debts6 ,no isolat$ case is exhibit$ by ,wm4 ,w4 ,br[n :5 he relates ! hi/ory ( poor ,cyn?ia6 ,is any sickly s5tim5tali/ %ock$ at ^! recitals8 ,be ( /\t he>t6 ,d n ,*ri/ian bi%ops1 & hundr$s ( o!r rev]5d fa!rs1--! mess5g]s ( ,god's ev]la/+ tru? to our s\ls1--assure u t slav]y1 ,,z ,,x ,,exi/s1 is "r2 & t1 consequ5tly1 ! fundam5tal maxim ( slav]y1 ! *ild foll[s ! condition ( ! "m1 is "r also6 ,:y1 !n1 %\ld n ! *ildr5 ( slave-wom5 by :ite fa!rs be rightfully slaves8 ,( :at consequ5ce1 !n1 is ! pollution ( ! s\l ( ! "m1 comp>$ ) ! fact ( h] increas$ value z a commodity8 ,h[ utt]ly insignificant is ! fact t a fa!r holds 8 own *ildr5 9 slav]y1 comp>$ ) ! advantages notori\sly d]iv$ f su* an improvem5t 9 ! slave-/ock8 ,9 sob]1 lit]al tru?1 ! bro!r owns ! body ( 8 si/]1 & ! si/] t ( h] bro!r1--s sacr$ is ! m>riage-/ate ( slaves6 ,if ! fa!r wi%es to repair ! wrong he has done1 ! law =bids 8 tea*+ 8 own *ild to read or write6 ,if he is poor1 too poor to pay 8 debts1 a cr$itor may seize 8 *ild 9 its v cradle1 & sell x at auction to pay ! debt6 ,x ought n to be o!rwise6 ,is x n agreeable to ! ord] ( ,div9e ,provid5ce1 t a *ild %\ld be sold to pay 8 fa!r's debts8 ,h[ fitt+ x is = ,mr4 ,jones & ,bi%op ,freeman to tea* su* a v5dible commodity to say1 ,?\ %alt honor ?y fa!r & ?y "m6 ,does any read] /ill d\bt :e!r an own] ?us has uncontroll$ au?ority ov] ! body ( 8 female slave8 ,let him read ! foll[+ extract f an op9ion ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,/ate ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1--! ,old ,nor? ,/ate1 :5ce ,bi%op ,ives has long s9ce ceas$ to weep ov] ! imag9>y suff]+s ( ! slaves6 ,to avoid a *a/isem5t1 a female slave ran (f1 &1 on h] refusal to /op :5 call$1 0 %ot at & w\nd$4 ,judge ,ruff91 9 deliv]+ ! op9ion ( ! c\rt 7,/ate vs4 ,mann1 #b ,dev4 ,rep4 #bfc71 says3-- ,! inquiry "h is1 :e!r a cruel & unreasonable batt]y on a slave by ! hir] is indictable8444 ,9 crim9al proce$+s1 &1 inde$1 9 ref]5ce to all o!r p]sons b ! g5]al own]1 ! hir] & possessor ( a slave1 9 relation to bo? rights & duties1 is1 = ! "t be+1 ! own]4444 ,) slav]y x is f> o!rwise4 ,! end is ! pr(it ( ! ma/]1 8 security1 & ! public peace4 ,! subject is "o doom$ 9 8 own p]son1 & 9 8 po/]ity1 to live )\t k1 & )\t capacity to make any ?+ 8 own1 & to toil t o!rs may reap ! fruits4 ,:at moral consid]ations %all be address$ to su* a be+ to conv9ce him :at x is impossible b t ! mo/ /upid mu/ feel & "k c nev] be true1 t he is ?us to labor ^u a pr9ciple ( natural duty1 or = ! sake ( 8 own p]sonal happ9ess8 ,su* s]vices c only be expect$ f "o :o has no w ( 8 own1 :o surr5d]s 8 w 9 explicit ob$i5ce to t ( ano!r4 ,su* ob$i5ce is ! consequ5ce only ( uncontroll$ au?ority ov] ! body4 ,!re is no?+ else :i* c op]ate to produce ! effect4 ,! p[] ( ! ma/] mu/ be absolute to r5d] ! submission ( ! slave p]fect4 ,i mo/ freely confess my s5se ( ! h>%ness ( ?is proposition4 ,i feel x z deeply z any man c4 ,&1 z a pr9ciple ( moral "r1 e p]son 9 8 retirem5t mu/ repudiate x4 ,b1 9 ! actual condition ( ?+s1 x mu/ be s4 ,!re is no rem$y4 ,?is discipl9e belongs to slav]y4,o ,judge ,ruff9 _h n enjoy$ ! b5efit ( ! in/ruction imp>t$ "s ye>s lat] by ,bi%ops ,ives & ,freeman4 ,if he _h1 he w\ld n ?us h foll[$ ! dictate ( a desp]ately wick$ he>t1 & h repudiat$ ! discipl9e ( slav]y z morally wrong6 ,! ,rev4 ,rob]t ,j4 ,breck5ridge1 ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 himself a slavehold]1 0 a delegate to ! ,/ate ,emancipation ,conv5tion rec5tly held 9 ,k5tucky4 ,9 a spee* made by him be=e ! ,conv5tion1 he is report$ to h said 7,l\isville ,exam9]71 t-- ,! sy/em ( slav]y d5ies to a :ole class ( human be+s ! sacr$ness ( m>riage & ( home1 compell+ !m to live 9 a /ate ( concub9age2 =1 9 ! eye ( ! law1 no color$ slave-man is ! husb& ( any wife 9 p>ticul>1 nor any slave-woman ! wife ( any husb& 9 p>ticul>2 no slave-man is ! fa!r ( any *ildr5 9 p>ticul>1 & no slave-*ild is ! *ild ( any p>5t 9 p>ticul>4 ,:o w v5ture ev5 to conceive1 mu* less compute1 ! deep degradation caus$ by ! d5ial ( m>riage to ! slaves8 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,s\l-,,driv+4 ,a negro speculator1 or a s\l-driv] z !y are g5]ally call$ among slaves4--,wm4 ,w4 ,br[n's ,n>rative1 p4 #ci4 ,if we w\ld mo/ effectually degrade a man1 we ne$ only trample on ! highe/ & holie/ ( all 8 rights1--8 "r to himself2 we h only to make him ! subject ( b>t] & sale1 a ?+ = speculators to make money on1 = jockeys to deceive ab\t1 & = buy]s to depreciate4 ,& yet h[ few act z if !y admitt$ ?is tru?1 or ev5 fa9tly realiz$ ! enormity ( ?is wrong6 ,slaves1 z subjects ( prop]ty1 are cont9ually spok5 ( & treat$ z horses & c[s1 & o!r live-/ock6 ,t5s ( ?\s&s ( adv]tisem5ts might be adduc$ to prove ?is4 ,we h room only = a v few pro(s4 ,! ,civil ,code ( ,l\isiana provides3-- ,art4 #bejj4 ,! lat5t defects ( slaves & animals are divid$ into two classes1--vices ( body & vices ( "*4 ,art4 #beja4 ,! vices ( body are di/+ui%$ into absolute & relative4444 ,art4 #bejb4 ,! absolute vices ( slaves are leprosy1 madness1 & epilepsy4 ,art #bejc4 ,! absolute vices ( horses & mules are %ort w9d1 gl&]s1 & f\nd]4 ,9 ! ,national ,intellig5c] ( ,may #b1 #ahdc1 ! adm9i/rators ( ,alexius ,bo>man adv]tise = sale twelve or ?irte5 likely "y negroes1 among :om are two c>p5t]s2 f\r head ( horses1 two yoke ( ox51 sev]al head ( c[s1 all ! %eep & hogs belong+ to said deceas$4 ,! same pap] ( ,decemb] #b1 #ahdc1 conta9s ! foll[+3-- ,,public ,,sale ,,( ,,v ,,valuable ,,negroes ,,& ,,/ock4--,! subscrib] w (f] at public sale at 8 resid5ce1 ne> ,blad5sburg1 ,pr9ce ,george's ,c\nty1 ,m>yl&1 on ,w$nesday1 ! #bj? ( ,decemb] next1 if fair1 if n1 ! next fair day !reaft]1 =ty-five or fifty v valuable "y negroes1 consi/+ ( m5 & wom51 boys1 girls1 & *ildr54 ,at ! same "t & place1 he w (f] 8 entire /ock ( blood horses1 toge!r ) "s f>m /ock4 ,! t]ms ( sale w be a cr$it ( n9e & eighte5 mon?s2 ! pur*as] giv+ bond ) approv$ security1 be>+ int]e/ f ! day ( sale4 ,sale to comm5ce at #aj o'clock1 ,a4 ,m4 ,,samuel ,,sprigg4 ,! ,m>lbor\gh ,gazette w copy till day ( sale4 ,9 ! same pap] ( ,janu>y #be1 #ahdc1 directly "u an adv]tisem5t = sale ( a girl ab\t #ah ye>s ( age1 :o is hone/1 indu/ri\s1 & a good cook1 f9e wa%] & iron]1 & a good seam/ress1 we f9d ! notice ( a ,blood$ colt at auction4--,a ?or\gh br$ colt1 two ye>s old ! com+ spr+1 got by ,f>m]1 dam by ,lafayette6 ,d4 ,h4 ,c&l]1 ! %]iff ( ,montgom]y ,c\nty1 ,md4 9 an adv]tisem5t n[ be=e u1 /ates t he has seiz$ on execution1 & w sell = ca% only at ! ,c\rt ,h\se door 9 ,rockville1 "o /allion1 ,r$ ,buck1 & "o negro boy1 ,john6,p ,to br+ ! case ne>] home3--9 ! ,new ,engl& ,weekly ,j\rnal ( ,augu/ #bg1 #agcc1 pr9t$ 9 ,bo/on1 we f9d ! foll[+ adv]tisem5t3-- ,,sev]al ,,likely ,,"y ,,negroes1 be/ ,b>badoes sug>s1 v good ,bohea tea1 bag ,holl&s1 f9e cambric musl9s1 & sundry o!r m]*&ise1 to be sold by ,hugh ,hall1 ,esq4,q ,9 ! ,bo/on ,gazette ( ,octob] #ba1 #agcd3-- ,,to ,,be ,,sold ,,by ----1 ,sev]al likely "y negroes1 lately import$1--z m51 wom51 boys4 ,also *oice rais9s ( ! sun1 gunp[d]1 ,newca/le glass1 9 crates & boxes4 ,n only are slaves ?us plac$ on ! same level ) o!r prop]ty1 b !y are treat$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,z our horse-jockeys n infrequ5tly color _! horses1 or put on false tails1 = ! sake ( enhanc+ _! value1 s simil> arts are practis$ by ! slave-jockeys ( ! ,s\?6 ,wm4 ,w4 ,br[n ?us describes a "p ( 8 duties1 :il/ hir$ to ! slave-trad] ,walk] 7,n>rative1 pp4 #db1 #dc73 ,9 ! c\rse ( eight or n9e weeks1 ,mr4 ,walk] _h 8 c>go ( human fle% made up4 ,!re 0 9 ?is lot a numb] ( old m5 & wom51 "s ( !m ) gray locks4 ,we left ,/4 ,l\is 9 ! /eamboat ,c>lton1 ,capta9 ,swan1 b\nd = ,new ,orleans4 ,on our way d[n1 & be=e we rea*$ ,rodney1 ! place :]e we made our fir/ /op1 ,i _h to prep>e ! old slaves = m>ket4 ,i 0 ord]$ to h ! old m5's :isk]s %av$ (f1 & ! gray hairs pluck$ out1 :]e !y 7 n too num]\s1 9 :i* case he _h a prep>ation ( black+ to color x1 & ) a black+-bru% we w\ld put x on4 ,?is 0 new bus9ess to me1 & 0 p]=m$ 9 a room :]e ! pass5g]s c\ld n see u4 ,^! slaves 7 also taught h[ old !y 7 by ,mr4 ,walk]2 &1 aft] go+ ?r\gh ! black+ process1 !y look$ t5 or fifte5 ye>s y\ng]2 & ,i am sure t "s ( ^? :o pur*as$ slaves ( ,mr4 ,walk] 7 dreadfully *eat$1 especially 9 ! ages ( ! slaves :i* !y b\ght4--,pp4 #de1 #df3 ,! next day we proce$$ to ,new ,orleans1 & put ! gang 9 ! same negro-p5 :i* we occupi$ be=e4 ,9 a %ort "t ! plant]s came flock+ to ! p5 to pur*ase slaves4 ,be=e ! slaves 7 exhibit$ = sale1 !y 7 dress$ & driv5 out into ! y>d4 ,"s 7 set to danc+1 "s to jump+1 "s to s++1 & "s to play+ c>ds4 ,?is 0 done to make !m appe> *e]ful & happy4 ,my bus9ess 0 to see t !y 7 plac$ 9 ^? situations be=e ! arrival ( ! pur*as]s1 & ,i h (t5 set !m to danc+ :5 _! *eeks 7 wet ) te>s4 ,c su* treatm5t result 9 any ?+ b brutaliz+ e noble faculty8 ,if adv]tisem5ts ( /allions & boys1 blood-horses & m5 & wom51 blood$ colts & "y slave-girls1 are consid]$ s v simil> z to be plac$ 9 ! same p>agraph1 or alongside ea* o!r1 h[ great a diff]5ce c !re be 9 ! treatm5t by ! public ( ! two k9ds ( /ock8 ,is ! auction-block a sc5e = cultivat+ ! affections ( a poor slave-girl8 ,are ! co>se & unfeel+ je/s !re p]petrat$ calculat$ to increase h] purity1 or /r5g!n h] moral s5sibilities8 ,treat a man z y w\ld h him to be1 is a good maxim4 ,respect him1 & he w respect himself4 ,cont9ually disreg>d 8 holie/ & be/ purposes1 & 9 "t he w d ! same4 ,:at b pecuni>y pr(it does ! speculator 9 horses look to8 ,:at o!r object has ! speculator 9 m51 wom51 & *ildr51 9 view8 ,:atev] mammon bids ! slave-trad] d1 w be done4 ,h[ mu* m ?an ?is1 or w any ?+ m ?an ?is1 be done8 ,w su* a p]son consid] z ( any consequ5ce ! brok5 he>ts ( husb&s & wives1 ( p>5ts & *ildr51 :o are torn by ?is t]rible trade f all !y hold de> 9 life1 s long z _! bodies are s\nd1 /rong1 & heal?y2 s long z ! inve/m5t reta9s its m>ket-value8 ,( :at consequ5ce is deep1 he>t-felt agony to a speculator8 ,is he ^: idol is gold to be turn$ f 8 purpose m]ely by ! fooli% wail+ ( a woman ^: he>t-/r+s are break+8 ,d ! cries ( *ildr5 made orphans1 & ( p>5ts made *ildless1 by 8 acts1 move ! he>t ( t man :o makes 8 liv+ by buy+ p>5ts & *ildr51 husb&s & wives1 at ! l[e/ prices1 & by sell+ !m1 s+ly or 9 lots to suit1 to :omsoev] w give ! highe/ price8 ,! foll[+ is a well-kn[n extract front an ,address 7p4 #ab7 publi%$ by ! ,presbyt]ian ,synod ( ,k5tucky to ! *ur*es "u _! c>e1 9 #ahce3-- ,bro!rs & si/]s1 p>5ts & *ildr51 husb&s & wives1 are torn asund]1 & p]mitt$ to see ea* o!r no m4 ,^! acts are daily occurr+ 9 ! mid/ ( u4 ,! %rieks & ! agony (t5 witness$ on su* occasions proclaim1 ) a trumpet-tongue1 ! iniquity ( our sy/em4 ,!re is n a neighborhood :]e ^! he>t-r5d+ sc5es are n display$4 ,!re is n a village or road t does n behold ! sad procession ( manacl$ outca/s1 ^: m\rnful c\nt5ances tell t !y are exil$ by =ce f all t _! he>ts hold de>4 ,9 ! ,new ,orleans ,bullet91 we f9d ! foll[+ ,slav]y z x is1 p4 #afh73-- ,,negroes ,,= ,,sale4--,a negro woman1 #bd ye>s ( age1 & has two *ildr51 "o eight1 & ! o!r ?ree ye>s4 ,said negroes w be sold sep>ately or toge!r1 z desir$4 ,! woman is a good seam/ress4 ,%e w be sold l[ = ca%1 or ex*ang$ = groc]ies4 ,= t]ms apply to ,,mayhew1 ,,bliss1 ,,co4 #a1 ,front ,levee4 ,a simil> adv]tisem5t w be f\nd 9 ! ,new ,engl& ,weekly ,j\rnal 7,bo/on71 ,april #i1 #agcc2 pr9t]s1 ,s4 ,kneel& & ,t4 ,gre53-- ,a ,,v ,,likely ,,negro ,,woman1 t has a *ild ( ab\t six weeks old1 to be sold1 ei!r ) or )\t ! *ild4 ,inquire ( ! pr9t]s h]e(4 ,! foll[+ 0 a /&+ adv]tisem5t1 a few ye>s s9ce1 9 ! ,*>le/on 7,s4 ,c47 pap]s3-- ,,"o ,,hundr$ ,,& ,,tw5ty ,,negroes ,,= ,,sale4--,! subscrib] has j arriv$ f ,pet]sburg1 ,virg9ia1 ) "o hundr$ & tw5ty likely "y negroes1 ( bo? sexes & e description1 :i* he (f]s = sale on ! mo/ reasonable t]ms4 ,! lot n[ on h& consi/s ( pl\gh-boys2 sev]al likely & well-qualifi$ h\se-s]vants1 ( bo? sexes2 sev]al wom5 ) *ildr52 small girls1 suitable = nurses2 & sev]al small boys1 )\t _! mo!rs4 ,plant]s & trad]s are e>ne/ly reque/$ to give ! subscrib] a call previ\sly to mak+ pur*ases else:]e1 z he is enabl$1 & w sell z *eap or *eap] ?an c be sold by any o!r p]son 9 ! trade4 ,hamburg1 ,s4,c4 ,sept4 #bh1 #ahch4 ,,b5jam9 ,,davis4 ,?is is tak5 f ! ,jackson 7,t5n47 ,telegraph1 ,sept4 #ad1 #ahch3-- ,,committ$ ,,to ,,! ,,jail ,,( ,,madison ,,c\nty1 a negro woman1 :o calls h] "n ,fanny1 & says %e belongs to ,wm4 ,mill]1 ( ,mobile4 ,%e =m]ly belong$ to ,john ,giv9s1 ( ?is c\nty1 :o n[ owns sev]al ( h] *ildr54 ,,david ,,%rop%ire1 ,jail]4 ,h[ /rong 0 t poor "m's love6 ,%e _h toil$ all ! way f ,mobile to ! c\nty :]e h] *ildr5 liv$1 & ! laws ( a ,*ri/ian c\ntry consign$ h] to ! jail6 ,p]haps1 9 h] lonel9ess1 %e rememb]$ "s oral in/ruction l ?is 7,jones's ,cate*ism1 pp4 #abe1abf73 ,q4 ,%\ld mo!rs & fa!rs v t5d]ly love _! *ildr58--,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,&1 z !y receive _! *ildr5 f ! ,"l1 is x n _! duty & privilege to pres5t !m unto ! ,"l 9 8 own appo9t$ ord9ance1 & to tra9 !m up = 8 *ur* & s]vice8--,a4 ,yes4444 ,q4 ,:at %\ld !y tea* !m to d e night & morn+8--,a4 ,pray to ,god4 ,q4 ,:at book %\ld p>5ts e>ly make _! *ildr5 acqua9t$ )1 & out ( :i* dilig5tly in/ruct !m8--,a4 ,! ,holy ,bible4 ,q4 ,is x ! duty ( p>5ts to pray ) & = _! *ildr5 cont9ually8--,a4 ,yes4 99 99 99 99 99 ,q4 ,is x _! duty to w>n _! *ildr5 ( bad company1 & keep !m out ( x8--,a4 ,yes4 ,poor slave-"m6 v t5d]ly inde$ did y love y\r *ildr54 ,b1 9 y\r agony1 y =got t x 0 wick$ to run away1--ev5 = ! sake ( tea*+ !m to pray night & morn+6 ,h[ ?ankful1 !n1 ought y to be to ,god1 t1 9 8 great m]cy1 he 0 will+ to puni% y\r transgression 9 ?is _w1 in/ead ( ! next6 ,we nev] s deeply feel ! brutaliz+ effects ( slav]y z :5 we reflect ^u its peculi>ly degrad+ influ5ces ^u woman4 ,on "s acc\nts1 we w\ld gladly pass ov] ?is po9t 9 sil5ce2 b s atroci\s a wrong %\ld re/ ^u ! he>t ( e "o4 ,x is an e/abli%$ maxim ( trade1 t ! supply ev5tually equals ! dem&4 ,if ! trade happ5s to be 9 m5 & wom52 9 "o way or ano!r1 m5 & wom5 w be suppli$ to meet ! dem&4 ,!re is a great dem& = slaves 9 ! ,s\!rn & ,s\?-we/]n ,/ates1 because slave-labor is v pr(itable !re4 ,! dome/ic _c compete ) ! ,s\?-we/]n dem& = slaves1 says a writ] 9 ! lead+ ,democratic pap] ( ,virg9ia 7,ri*mond ,enquir]1 ,nov4 #ac1 #ahdf74 ,! slaves 9 ! ,s\? & ,we/ d n increase fa/ en\gh to supply ! dem&4 ,! =eign slave-trade is piracy4 ,! only res\rce1 !re=e1 :i* is left to ^? ,/ates is a dome/ic slave-trade ) ! ,nor!rn ,slave ,/ates2 :]e1 to meet ! dem&1 !y resort to bre$+ slaves6 ,woman is degrad$ into a bre$]6 ,mr4 ,gholson1 ( ,virg9ia1 9 8 spee* 9 ! legislature ( t ,/ate1 ,jan4 #ah1 #ahcb 7see ,ri*mond ,:ig71 says3-- ,x has always 7p]haps errone\sly7 be5 consid]$ by /eady & old-fa%ion$ p1 t ! own] ( l& _h a reasonable "r to its annual pr(its2 ! own] ( or*>ds1 to _! annual fruits2 ! own] ( brood m>es1 to _! product2 & ! own] ( female slaves1 to _! increase4 ,we h n ! f9e-spun intellig5ce nor legal acum5 to discov] ! te*nical di/9ctions drawn by g5tlem54 ,! legal maxim ( ',p>tus sequitur v5trem' is coeval ) ! exi/5ce ( ! rights ( prop]ty itself1 & is f\nd$ 9 wisdom & ju/ice4 ,x is on ! ju/ice & inviolability ( ?is maxim t ! ma/] =egoes ! s]vice ( ! female slave2 has h] nurs$ & att5d$ dur+ ! p]iod ( h] ge/ation1 & raises ! helpless & infant (fspr+4 ,! value ( ! prop]ty ju/ifies ! exp5se2 & ,i d n hesitate to say1 t 9 its increase consi/s mu* ( our weal?4 ,hon4 ,?omas ,m4 ,r&olph1 ( ,virg9ia1 =m]ly gov]nor ( t ,/ate1 9 8 spee* be=e ! legislature 9 #ahcb1 said3-- ,x is a practice1 & an increas+ practice1 9 p>ts ( ,virg9ia1 to re> slaves = m>ket4 ,h[ c an honorable m9d1 a patriot1 & a lov] ( 8 c\ntry1 be> to see ?is anci5t dom9ion conv]t$ into "o gr& m5ag]ie1 :]e m5 are to be re>$ = m>ket1 l ox5 = ! %ambles6 ,presid5t ,dew1 ( ,william & ,m>y's ,college1 speak+ ( ! annual exportation ( slaves f ,virg9ia1 says3-- ,a full equival5t be+ ?us left 9 ! place ( ! slave1 ?is emigration becomes an advantage to ! ,/ate1 & does n *eck ! black population z mu* z at fir/ view we might imag9e2 because x furni%es e inducem5t to ! ma/] to att5d to ! negroes1 to enc\rage bre$+1 & to cause ! greate/ numb] possible to be rais$1 c4 ,virg9ia is1 9 fact1 a negro-rais+ ,/ate = o!r ,/ates4 ,h5ry ,clay1 9 8 spee* be=e ! ,colonization ,society 9 #ahbi1 says3-- ,x is believ$ t n[h]e 9 ! f>m+ portion ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld slave-labor be g5]ally employ$1 if ! proprietor 7 n tempt$ to raise slaves by ! high price ( ! ,s\!rn m>ket1 :i* keeps x up 9 8 own4 ,x is a melan*oly fact1 says ! same writ] 9 ! ,ri*mond 7,va47 ,enquir]1 ,nov4 #ac1 #ahdf1 t negroes h become ! only reliable /aple ( ! tobacco-gr[+ sections ( ,virg9ia1 ! only reliable means ( liquidat+ debts =eign & dome/ic4 ,! foll[+ adv]tisem5t is tak5 f ! ,*>le/on 7,s4,c47 ,m]cury 7,slav]y z x is1 p4 #age73-- ,,negroes ,,= ,,sale4--,a girl1 ab\t tw5ty ye>s ( age 7rais$ 9 ,virg9ia71 & h] two female *ildr51 "o f\r & ! o!r two ye>s old2 is rem>kable /rong & heal?y1 nev] hav+ _h a day's sickness1 ) ! exception ( ! small-pox1 9 h] life4 ,! *ildr5 are f9e & heal?y4 ,%e is v prolific 9 h] g5]at+ qualities1 & af=ds a r>e opportunity to any p]son :o wi%es to raise a family ( /rong & heal?y s]vants = _! own use4 ,any p]son wi%+ to pur*ase w please leave _! address at ! ,m]cury (fice4 ,does any read] exclaim !re mu/ be "s mi/ake2 x is impossible t su* a notice c\ld be ins]t$ 9 ! lead+ political pap] ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a8 ,w he feel any m conv9c$ by read+ ?is1 tak5 f ! ,bo/on ,ev5+ ,po/ ( ,septemb] #aj1 #agdd8-- ,,to ,,be ,,sold1--,a likely negro w5*1 ab\t #be ye>s ( age1 t c d all sorts ( h\sehold "w1 especially cook]y2 is v he>ty & /rong2 has prov$ h] faculty at propagation1 & is v flu5t 9 ! ,engli% language4 ,inquire ( ! pr9t]4 ,slav]y is said to h exi/$ 9 a mild =m 9 ,massa*usetts6 ,& yet we f9d 9 our own hi/ory p>allels to "s ( ! mo/ brutal atrocities :i* c be p]petrat$ on any human be+4 ,s ess5tially ! same is ! "* & effect ( slav]y1 :]ev] x exi/s6 ,does any "o1 & :o does n1 feel deep disgu/ at ^! recitals8 ,let u r feel disgu/$ at ! sy/em :i* leads to su* atrocities6 ,let n our indignation re/ ^u ! /ory ( ! wrong1 b ^u ! wrong itself & its p]petrators4 ,does any "o say ^! are solit>y in/ances ( atrocity8 ,d\btless su* adv]tisem5ts are r>e1 b n unique4 ,o!rs ( ! same k9d1 & /ill m atroci\s1 might be adduc$4 ,b :i* con/itutes ! great] atrocity1--to use m5 & wom5 z /allions & brood m>es1 or to speak or pr9t ! damn+ de$8 ,if ! latt] %[s h>d5$ feel+1 :at does ! =m] prove8 ,if ^! adv]tisem5ts 7 ! only ones ( ! k9d :i* c\ld be cit$1 /ill !y tell a /ory ( brutal outrage1 :i* is happ5+ 9 ?is ,*ri/ian l&1 e day1 h\r1 & m9ute1 to t5s ( ?\s&s ( human be+s6 ,o!r adv]tisem5ts1 %[+ ! brutality ( ! exam9ations to :i* wom5 are frequ5tly subject$1 might be cit$4 ,b = ^! we mu/ ref] ! read] to o!r anti-slav]y docum5ts2 = en\gh ( ! disgu/+ details has be5 exhibit$ to e/abli% our position4 ,to obta9 any ?+ l an adequate conception ( ! brutaliz+ influ5ce ^u ! slaves ( ?is trad+ 9 _! bodies & ! bodies ( _! *ildr51 we mu/ fir/ see to :at an ext5t x is c>ri$4 ,we %all conf9e our att5tion *iefly to ^? :o make a bus9ess ( ! matt]1 to g5tlem5 deal+ 9 slaves2 leav+ almo/ :olly unnotic$ ! va/ numb] ( in/ances ( buy+ & sell+ slaves betwe5 private individuals1 *aff]+ betwe5 neighbors1 = _! private ends6 ,n t ?is latt] k9d ( slave-trade is any less degrad+ 9 its effects1 b only because pro(s 9 relation to ! o!r are m accessible1 & are amply suffici5t = our purpose4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,dome/ic ,,slave-,,trade4 ,! traffic 9 slaves is irreconcilable ) ! pr9ciples ( ju/ice & humanity4--,treaty ( ,gh5t4 ,no description ( ours c give any adequate idea ( ! ext5t ( ?is t]rible trade4 ,x is z regul> a bran* ( bus9ess z any o!r t c be nam$4 ,! city ( ,wa%+ton lic5ses p]sons to traffic 9 slaves = pr(it6 ,! trade is c>ri$ on betwe5 ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia1 ,nor? & ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,k5tucky1--or ! slave-rais+ ,/ates1--& ,alabama1 ,mississippi1 & ! o!r slave-consum+ ,/ates4 ,depots1 or private jails1 are erect$ at conv5i5t places4 ,9 ! ,am]ican ,beacon 7publi%$ at ,norfolk1 ,va471 ,jan4 #bd1 #ahdh1 appe> ! two foll[+ adv]tisem5ts3-- ,,negro ,,repository4--,! und]sign$ has1 at a v consid]able exp5se1 erect$1 & fitt$ up 9 a /yle ( com=t & conv5i5ce1 a commodi\s two-/ory build+ on ,union-/reet1 second door ea/ ( ,*ur*-/reet1 = ! safe keep+ & accommodation ( negroes1 bo? male & female 7! ap>tm5ts be+ entirely sep>ate71 :i* are br\ght to ?is m>ket = sale4 ,?is build+ is admirably adapt$ to ! object propos$1 hav+ airy & pleasant rooms1 & e conv5i5ce :i* c\ld be desir$1 besides l>ge y>ds1 wall$ 9 high1 a capaci\s ci/]n1 c4 :i*1 :il/ !y secure ! com=t ( ! negro1 likewise gu>antee ! mo/ ample security = 8 safe keep+4 ,9 addition to bo>d+ negroes = sale1 ! und]sign$ proposes keep+ on h& f "t to "t1 = sale1 su* negroes z may be 9 dem& 9 ?is m>ket1 embrac+ e description ( h\se & field-h&s1 male & female1 "y & old1 t may be call$ =1 & ^u t]ms entirely accommodat+4 ,besides ! bo>d+ & ! sell+ ( negroes1 he w also make ex*anges1 giv+ or receiv+ su* boot z ! diff]5ce 9 age1 "*1 qualifications1 & appe>ance may notify4 ,! highe/ ca% m>ket prices paid = negroes ( bo? sexes at all times4 ,,wm4 ,w4 ,,hall4 ,,ca% ,,= ,,negroes4--,i w pay ! highe/ ca% = likely "y negroes ( bo? sexes1 f #aj to #cj ye>s ( age4 ,all ^? t h su* to dispose ( w\ld d well to give me a call be=e sell+4 ,i w also att5d to %ipp+ ( negroes to any ( ! ,s\!rn ports1 free ( *>ge1 :5 left ) me2 z ,i h a private jail = ! safe keep+ ( s]vants4 ,= fur!r in=mation1 inquire at my (fice at ,union ,hotel1 ,union-/reet1 or ?r\gh ! po/-(fice4 ,g4 ,w4 ,,app]son4 ,! foll[+ is tak5 f a ,new ,orleans pap]3-- ,,slave ,,depot4--,j4 ,buddy4--,slave-y>d & bo>d+-h\se1 #aei1 ,gravi]-/reet1 second door f ,c>ondelet4 ,h\se-s]vants & field-h&s = sale at all times4 ,slaves w be receiv$ on bo>d or sold on favorable t]ms4 ,! build+ is a l>ge ?ree-/ory brick h\se1 & v commodi\s z a slave depot4 ,p>ticul> att5tion w be paid to ! heal? & cleanl9ess ( all slaves plac$ 9 ?is y>d4 ,f ! ,miss\ri ,republican1 ,/4 ,l\is1 ,july #ac1 #ahdi3-- ,,removal4--,blakey ,mc,afee h remov$ to ,no4 #ic1 ,olive-/reet1 six doors we/ ( _! old /&4 ,!y are prep>$ at all times to pay ! highe/ prices = negroes4 ,!y h also a good secure y>d1 ) a /rong jail atta*$1 & are prep>$ to bo>d negroes s5t to ?is m>ket = sale4 ,p]sons hav+ negroes = sale w please call & see u4 ,^? wi%+ to pur*ase c f9d :at !y want at our y>d4 ,,blakey ,,mcafee1 ,no4 #ic1 ,olive-/reet4 ,hon4 ,horace ,mann has describ$ to u ! slave-p5 9 ! city ( ,wa%+ton2 & ano!r memb] ( ,congress in=ms u1 t ! ,unit$ ,/ates jail 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia is frequ5tly us$ = ! purpose ( /or+ human be+s = sale6 ,?us1 9 ! ,national ,intellig5c] 7,dec4 #ai1 #ahdd71 we f9d ! foll[+ notice3-- ,,= ,,sale1--,a likely "y negro1 9 ! jail ( ,wa%+ton4 ,he is a mo/ excell5t team/]1 & well acqua9t$ ) ! c>e ( horses4 ,p]sons wi%+ to pur*ase w apply to ,mr4 ,ball1 at ! jail1 :]e ! boy may be se51 & fur!r in=mation giv54 ,! activity ( ?is trade may be inf]r$ f ^! adv]tisem5ts1 :i* con/itute b a small portion ( :at might be produc$4 ,9 ! ,national ,intellig5c]1 ,m>* #bh1 #ahcf1 ?ree slave-trad]s 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia adv]tise = twelve hundr$ negroes1 & a f\r? (f]s to buy any numb]6 ,"h is "o ( ! adv]tisem5ts3-- ,,ca% ,,= ,,five ,,hundr$ ,,negroes1 includ+ bo? sexes1 f t5 to tw5ty-five ye>s ( age4--,p]sons hav+ likely s]vants to dispose ( w f9d x _! int]e/ to give u a call1 z we w give high] prices 9 ca% ?an any o!r pur*as] :o is n[ or may h]eaft] come into ! m>ket4 ,,frankl9 ,,amfield1 ,alex&ria4 ,9 a lat] numb] ( ! same pap] are ! foll[+3-- ,,ca% ,,= ,,negroes4--,i w give ca% & lib]al prices = any numb] ( "y & likely negroes1 f eight to =ty ye>s ( age4 ,p]sons hav+ negroes to dispose ( w f9d x to _! advantage to give me a call at my resid5ce1 on ! corn] ( ,sev5?-/reet & ,m>yl& ,av5ue1 & opposite ,mr4 ,williams's private jail4 ,,william ,h4 ,,ri*>ds4 ,,ca% ,,= ,,negroes4--,! subscrib] wi%es to pur*ase a numb] ( negroes = ! ,l\isiana & ,mississippi m>ket4 ,himself or an ag5t at all times c be f\nd at 8 jail1 on ,sev5?-/reet4 ,,wm4 ,h4 ,,williams4 ,9 a lat] numb]1 ,june #bd1 #ahdc1 ,mr4 ,ri*>ds is n s eag]3-- ,,ca% ,,= ,,negroes4--,! subscrib] wi%es to pur*ase tw5ty or ?irty negroes1 & w pay ! highe/ m>ket price4 ,p]sons hav+ negroes to sell w f9d x to _! int]e/ to give him a call be=e !y sell4 ,i c be always f\nd at my resid5ce1 corn] ( ,sev5?-/reet & ,m>yl& ,av5ue4 ,all communications ?r\gh ! po/-(fice w be promptly att5d$ to4 ,,wm4 ,h4 ,,ri*>ds4 ,9 a /ill lat] numb]1 ,july #bb1 #ahdc1 appe>s ?is3-- ,,ca%6 ,,ca%6--,! subscrib] wi%es to pur*ase any numb] ( negroes = ! ,s\!rn m>kets4 ,! subscrib] w at all times give ! highe/ m>ket price 9 ca% = likely negroes1 me*anics & h\se s]vants includ$4 ,himself or ag5t c at all times be se5 at ! corn] ( ,sev5?-/reet & ,m>yl& ,av5ue4 ,all communications w receive prompt att5tion4 ,,?omas ,,williams4 ,! foll[+ are samples ( "s ( ! adv]tisem5ts ( ,m>yl& trad]s4 ,! orig9al ( all ( ^! adv]tisem5ts w be f\nd at ! ,anti-,slav]y (fice1 ,bo/on4 ,we beg9 ) "o ( ,hope ,h4 ,slatt]3-- ,,negroes ,,want$4--,hav+ return$ f ,new ,orleans1 ,i w n[ pay ! highe/ ca% prices = all likely negroes t are slaves = life & good titles4 ,all communications w be promptly att5d$ to4 ,,hope ,h4 ,,slatt]1 ,pratt-/reet4 ,n4,b4 ,on ! #g? day ( ,june1 #ahdd1 ,jona?an ,m4 ,wilson 7my =m] ag5t71 by mutual cons5t1 )drew f my employm5t1 & is no long] my ag5t4 ,,hope ,h4 ,,slatt]4 ,baltimore1 ,july #bi4 ,,ca% ,,= ,,five ,,hundr$ ,,negroes1 at ! old e/abli%m5t ( ,slatt]'s1 ,no4 #bdd1 ,pratt-/reet1 ,baltimore1 betwe5 ,%>p & ,h[>d-/reets1 :]e ! highe/ prices are paid1--:i* is well kn[n4 ,we h l>ge accommodations = negroes1 & always buy+4 ,be+ regul> %ipp]s to ,new ,orleans1 p]sons %\ld br+ _! prop]ty :]e no commissions are paid1 z ! own]s lose x4 ,all communications att5d$ to promptly by address+ ,h4 ,f4 ,,slatt]4 ,,negroes ,,want$4--,i h remov$ f my =m] resid5ce1 ,we/ ,pratt-/reet1 to my new e/abli%m5t on ,camd5-/reet1 imm$iately 9 ! re> ( ! railroad depot1 :]e ,i am p]man5tly locat$4 ,p]sons br++ negroes by ! c>s w f9d x v conv5i5t1 z x is only a few y>ds f :]e ! pass5g]s get out4 ,^? hav+ negroes = sale w f9d x to _! advantage to call & see me1 z ,i am at all times pay+ ! highe/ prices 9 ca%4 ,j4 ,s4 ,,donovan1 ,baltimore1 ,md4 ,,negroes ,,want$4--,o4 ,c4 ,s4 ,y4 ,h>ris1 ( ,upp] ,m>lboro'1 wi% to pur*ase any numb] ( negroes1 = :i* !y w give ! highe/ m>ket price 9 ca%4 ,!y w be 9 ,port ,tobacco once 9 e week4 ,any communications left 9 _! abs5ce ) ,mr4 ,lyne ,%ackel=d w be promptly att5d$ to4 ,,negroes ,,want$4--,! highe/ m>ket prices w be giv5 = negroes at all times4 ,p]sons hav+ negroes = sale w please call at my (fice1 ,no4 #bf1 ,conway-/reet1 betwe5 ,*>les & ,hanov]4 ,communications promptly att5d$ to4 ,also negroes w be receiv$ & kept at tw5ty-five c5ts p] day4 ,b4 ,m4 ,,campbell4 ,april #g1 #ahdf4 ,,negroes ,,want$4--,p]sons wi%+ to sell _! negroes w f9d x to _! advantage to give me a call be=e sell+ else:]e4 ,i h all ! facilities t ! trade w admit ( 9 ! ,new ,orleans & o!r m>kets4 ,su* be+ ! case1 ,i c give z mu* z any "o else1 :i* ,i am det]m9$ to d4 ,any communication address$ to me1 ei!r 9 ,baltimore or ,port ,tobacco1 w be att5d$ to imm$iately4 ,,john ,g4 ,,campbell1 ,jan4 #a1 #ahdg4 ,ag5t = ,b4 ,m4 ,campbell4 ,,take ,,notice4--,p]sons wi%+ to dispose ( _! s]vants w\ld d well to give me a call be=e !y sell to ! trad]s4 ,by pay+ a small commission to an ag5t1 !y c get f #ge to #ajj m2 z ,i receive mon?ly f ,new ,orleans1 ,savannah1 ,georgia1 & ,*>le/on1 ,s4,c4 ! full m>ket prices = slaves4 ,,scott',s ,intellig5ce ,(fice1 ,no4 #aj1 ,ex*ange ,place4 ,! foll[+ is tak5 f ! ,wilm+ton 7,va47 ,j\rnal ( ,sept4 #c1 #ahdg3-- ,,negroes ,,want$4--,i wi% to pur*ase a l>ge numb] ( negroes1 ( bo? sexes1 f ! age ( #ad to #cj1 = :i* ,i w pay ! highe/ ca% m>ket price4 ,z ,i int5d mak+ a long /ay 9 ,wilm+ton = t purpose1 p]sons f ! c\ntry w\ld f9d x to _! advantage to br+ su* slave-prop]ty to t[n z !y h to dispose (4 ,also want$ "s good c>p5t]s1 blacksmi?s1 coop]s1 & bricklay]s4--,apply to me1 at ! ,c>ol9a ,hotel4 ,,ansley ,,davis1 ( ,pet]sburg1 ,va4 ,wilm+ton1 ,may #g1 #ahdg4 ,! foll[+ is extract$ f an adv]tisem5t ( ,lewis ,a4 ,colli]1 a trad] 9 ,ri*mond1 ,va43-- ,,notice4--,?is is to in=m my =m] acqua9tances & ! public g5]ally1 t ,i yet cont9ue 9 ! slave-trade1 at ,ri*mond1 ,virg9ia1 & w at all times buy & give a fair m>ket price = "y negroes4 ,p]sons 9 ?is ,/ate1 ,m>yl&1 or ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 wi%+ to sell lots ( negroes1 are p>ticul>ly reque/$ to =w>d _! wi%es to me at ?is place4 ,p]sons wi%+ to pur*ase lots ( negroes are reque/$ to give me a call1 z ,i keep con/antly on h& at ?is place a great _m = sale2 & h at ?is "t ! use ( "o hundr$ "y negroes1 consi/+ ( boys1 "y m51 & girls4 ,i w sell at all times at a small advance on co/1 to suit pur*as]s4 ,i h com=table rooms1 ) a jail atta*$1 = ! reception ( ! negroes2 & p]sons com+ to ?is place to sell slaves c be accommodat$1 & e att5tion necess>y w be giv5 to h !m well att5d$ to2 &1 :5 x may be desir$1 ! reception ( ! company ( g5tlem5 deal+ 9 slaves w conv5i5tly & att5tively be receiv$4 ,my situation is v heal?y1 & suitable = ! bus9ess4 ,,lewis ,a4 ,,colli]4 ,! ,/4 ,l\is ,daily ,union ( ,augu/ #bf1 #ahdg1 conta9s ! foll[+3-- ,,"o ,,hundr$ ,,negroes ,,want$4--,! subscrib] wi%es to pur*ase "o hundr$ negroes1 ( bo? sexes1 = :i* ,i w pay ! highe/ price1 9 ca%4 ,i c be f\nd at all times at ,no4 #ajd1 ,locu/-/reet1 by ,g]>d's /able4 ,,wm4 ,,johnson4 ,,negroes ,,want$4--,= two hundr$ negroes1 ! highe/ prices w be paid by ,b4 ,w4 ,,p[ell1 ,city ,hotel1 or #ea1 ,front-/reet4 ,! ,daily ,reveille 7,/4 ,l\is71 ( ! same date1 conta9s ! foll[+3-- ,,want$ to pur*ase1 ?irty or =ty "y negroes1 by ,,curle ,,godd91 #gi1 ,olive-/reet4 ,! foll[+ is tak5 f ! ,/4 ,l\is ,republican3 ,,negroes ,,want$ ,,& ,,bo>d$4--,! highe/ ca% price paid = "y likely negroes1 at #ajd1 ,locu/-/reet1 betwe5 ,?ird & ,f\r?1 adjo9+ ,g]>d's /ables4 ,n4,b4 ,our h\se w be well secur$1 & af=d ! advantages ( a jail surr\nd$ by walls1 & a basem5t cell 9 x4 ,,:ite ,,tooly4 ,! foll[+ two are f\nd 9 ! ,ev5+ ,m]cury ( ,jan4 #ad1 #ahdh1 publi%$ 9 ,new ,orleans3-- ,,slaves ,,want$4--,want$ to pur*ase1 slaves ( e description1 at ! ,new ,orleans depot1 ,no4 #aef1 ,common-/reet1 = :i* lib]al prices w be paid4 ,slaves w also be sold on commission1 & pur*as]s are invit$ to call & see a well-select$ lot ( slaves (f]$ at l[ prices4 ,,elihu ,,creswell4 ,,slaves ,,want$4--,e4 ,creswell1 ,no4 #afc1 ,gravi]-/reet1 w pay ! mo/ lib]al price = slaves ( all descriptions2 & ^? :o h slaves = sale w d well to give him a call be=e sell+ to o!rs4 ,he w also ex*ange slaves1 sell slaves on commission2 & ^? :o wi% to pur*ase w d well to give him a call be=e buy+ else:]e1 z he keeps on h& a good selection ( slaves1 sold "u full gu>antee1 & good ref]5ce = titles giv54 ,! =ego+ adv]tisem5ts give u "s fa9t idea ( ! dem& = slaves4 ,^? :i* foll[ are ( slaves = sale4 ,we _c comm5ce m appropriately ?an ) ^!1 tak5 f ! ,new ,orleans ,picayune3-- ,,slaves ,,= ,,sale4--,hope ,h4 ,slatt]1 :o has retir$ f ! trade1 has sold to me 8 e/abli%m5t 9 ,baltimore1 & leas$ = a numb] ( ye>s 8 old /& at ! corn] ( ,esplanade & ,moreau-/reets1 at :i* place ,i %all keep up a l>ge & g5]al assortm5t ( slaves = sale1 import$ direct f ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia4 ,,walt] ,l4 ,,campbell1 ,successor to ,hope ,h4 ,slatt]4 ,,negroes1 ,,negroes4--,j receiv$1 & = sale at ,no4 #g1 ,moreau-/reet1 ,?ird ,municipality1 a l>ge & likely lot ( negroes1 consi/+ ( field-h&s1 h\se-s]vants1 & me*anics4 ,w be receiv+ new lots regul>ly f ,virg9ia dur+ ! season4 ,,wm4 ,f4 ,,talbott4 ,! same pap] ( ,oct4 #ah1 #ahdf1 conta9s ! foll[+ two3-- ,,slaves ,,= ,,sale1 ,no4 #afe1 ,gravi]-/reet4--,! subscrib] has always on h& a numb] ( slaves1 consi/+ ( h\se-s]vants1 field-h&s1 & me*anics1 :i* w be sold l[1 = ca% or negotiable pap]4 ,p]sons desir\s ( pur*as+ w f9d x to _! int]e/ to call & exam9e4 ,! subscrib] w also receive & sell on consignm5t any negro t may be entru/$ to 8 c>e4 ,he w\ld also respectfully notify p]sons engag$ 9 ! slave-trade1 t he is prep>$ to bo>d !m & _! slaves on ! mo/ reasonable t]ms4 ,,wm4 ,h4 ,,m]ritt4 ,ref]5ce3 ,j4 ,b>elli1 ,c4 ,j4 ,mansoni4 ,,negroes ,,= ,,sale4--,we1 ! subscrib]s1 h = sale1 at our e/abli%m5t1 ,no4 #aei1 ,gravi]-/reet 7block 9 ! re> ( ,/4 ,*>les ,ex*ange71 a l>ge lot ( valuable slaves1 suitable = plantation1 h\se-s]vants1 c4 c4 ,p]sons desir\s ( pur*as+ w f9d x to _! int]e/ to call & exam9e4 ,we w also receive & sell on consignm5t any negroes t may be entru/$ to u4 ,we w\ld also respectfully notify own]s ( negroes1 & p]sons engag$ 9 ! slave-trade1 t we are prep>$ to bo>d negroes1 & furni% trad]s ) rooms1 c4 ,our h\se is roomy1 airy1 & dry4 ,t]ms reasonable4 ,,john ,,buddy4 ,,wm4 ,h4 ,,m]ritt4 ,mr4 ,wm4 ,h4 ,bolton1 ^: "n is app5d$ to ! next adv]tisem5t1 is f ,t5nessee3-- ,,negroes ,,= ,,sale4--,i h aga9 return$ to ?is m>ket1 ) eighte5 or tw5ty likely negroes4 ,i h locat$ on ! corn] ( ,ma9 & ,adams-/reets4 ,i h pl\gh-boys1 m51 wom51 & girls1 & "s v fancy ones4 ,i int5d to keep a con/ant supply ?r\gh ! season1 & w n be und]sold by any 9 m>ket4 ,my motto is1 '! swift p5ny2 ! sl[ %ill+' ,i nev] get4 ,i w also pay ! highe/ ca% price = "y negroes4 ,novemb] #ba1 #ahdf4 ,w4 ,h4 ,,bolton4 ,to :at uses ^! v fancy girls are put may be inf]r$ f ! foll[+ adv]tisem5t1,r tak5 f ! ,norfolk ,h]ald3-- ,,notice4--,= sale1 a color$ girl1 ( v sup]ior qualifications1 :o is n[ 9 ,mr4 ,hall's jail 9 ,norfolk4 ,%e is :at speculators call a fancy girl2 a bright mulatto1 f9e figure1 /raight1 black hair1 & v black eyes2 rem>kably neat & cleanly 9 h] dress & p]son4 ,i v5ture to say1 t !re is n a bett] seam/ress1 cutt] & fitt] ( ladies' & *ildr5's dresses 9 ,norfolk1 or else:]e1 or a m fanciful nett] ( bead bags1 money-purses1 c4 ,any lady or g5tleman 9 ,norfolk or ,portsm\?1 :o may wi% to pur*ase a girl ( ?is description 7:om ,i consid] ! mo/ valuable 9 ,virg9ia71 may take h] & try h] a mon? or m at my risk1 &1 if %e does n suit & answ] ! description "h giv51 may return h] to ,mr4 ,hill4 ,! cause ( (f5ce = :i* ,i int5d1 ?\gh reluctantly1 to sell h]1 is1 t %e has be5 rec5tly induc$ by ! p]suasions ( "s color$ p]sons to make h] escape ) !m to ! ,nor?1 9 :i* %e fail$1 & is n[ = sale4--,apply to ! subscrib]1 9 ,suffolk1 or to ,james ,murdaugh1 ,esq4 or to ,c4 ,c4 ,rob9son1 ( ,portsm\?1 = fur!r in=mation4 ,,joseph ,,holladay4 ,t5nessee c also claim ! honor ( hav+ su* c>eful trad]s z ,mr4 ,j4 ,s4 ,curtis3-- ,,"o ,,hundr$ ,a ,,no4 #a ,,negroes4--,i h on h& "o hundr$ negroes1 m51 wom51 boys1 & girls1 at my depot1 9 ,ga9e's brick build+1 imm$iately back ( ,h[>d's ,r[1 betwe5 ! ,gayoso & ,h]ron ,h\se4 ,i h judici\s m5 pur*as+ 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,k5tucky1 & ,middle ,t5nessee1 & w keep con/antly on h& a l>ge numb]4 ,p]sons wi%+ to pur*ase w d well n to trade1 )\t fir/ call+ to see my /ock4 ,j4 ,s4 ,,curtis4 ,memphis1 ,novemb] #bj1 #ahdf4 ,! ,_s ( ,lib]ty conta9s ! foll[+3-- ,,s\!rn ,,plant]s1 wi%+ to pur*ase negroes1 w\ld d well to give me a call be=e !y make _! pur*ases1 z x w\ld be greatly to _! advantage4 ,negroes pur*as$ & sold on reasonable commission4 ,apply at ,,scott',s ,intellig5ce ,(fice1 ,no4 #aj1 ,ex*ange ,place4 ,9 ! ,daily ,ri*mond ,enquir]1 ,sept #a1 #ahdg1 we f9d ?is3-- ,,negroes ,,at ,,auction4--,on ,monday1 ! #f? ( ,septemb] 7,albem>le ,c\rt day71 at ,*>lottesville1 !re w be sold at public auction ab\t sixty valuable negroes1 ( e description4 ,augu/ #ca4 ,9 ! same pap]1 ,jan4 #be1 #ahdh1 we f9d ?is3-- ,,tw5ty ,,negroes4--,w be sold ,friday1 #bh? in/4 at #aj o'clock1 tw5ty likely "y negroes1 viz4 t5 able-bodi$ m51 ?ree boys1 f\r wom51 & ?ree girls4 ,w be add$ to ! above sale1 a negro-man1 #dj ye>s ( age1 :o is a fir/-rate c>p5t] by trade1 also a r\gh blacksmi?4 ,,b5j4 ,,davis1 ,auctione]1 ,no4 #c1 ,wall-/reet4 ,! foll[+ is tak5 f ! ,alabama ,argus1 publi%$ at ,dayton1 ,ala43-- ,,= ,,sale ,,sixty ,,negroes4--,by ord] ( ! ,hon4 ! ,orphans' ,c\rt ( ,m>5go ,c\nty1 ! und]sign$1 adm9i/rator ( ! e/ate ( ,moses ,w4 ,alex&]1 deceas$1 w1 on ,monday1 ! #e? ( ,febru>y1 #ahdi1 at ! plantation ( said ,moses ,w4 ,alex&]1 deceas$1 9 ! ,cane ,brake1 "o mile s\? ( ,col4 ,pick5s's mills1 (f] at public sale1 to ! highe/ bidd]1 a lot1 numb]+ sixty1 ( ! likelie/ & be/ negroes ev] sold 9 ! ,s\?4 ,!y are all family negroes1--n b\ght up by speculators f e ,/ate 9 ! ,s\?1 b rais$ by diff]5t m51 9 families f five to tw5ty ea*4 ,among ?is /ock ( negroes are "s able-bodi$1 /\t1 & valuable negro-m51 & sev]al likely "y boys1 f #aj to #ah ye>s ( age2 also "s likely negro-wom51 girls1 & *ildr54 ,among ! same1 ,a ,no4 #a cotton-pick]s2 a good weav]2 & also "o negro1 :o is a v good c>p5t] & blacksmi?4--,t]ms ( sale1 twelve mon?s' cr$it1 ) approv$ security4 ,j4 ,m4 ,,alex&]1 ,adm9i/rator4 ,janu>y #e4 ,! foll[+ adv]tisem5t is be=e u 7,_s ( ,lib]ty73-- ,,valuable ,,slaves ,,at ,,auction4--,i w sell on ,saturday1 ! #ad? in/4 9 front ( ! ,m>ket-h\se1 "o woman & h] *ild4 ,! woman is ab\t #bd ye>s old2 & ! *ild1 a girl1 ab\t #e ye>s ( age4 ,! woman accu/om$ to h\se-bus9ess1 also to ! f>m4 ,! negroes are v likely1 & w>rant$ s\nd4 ,!y w be sold on a cr$it ( sixty days = negotiable pap] satisfactorily endors$4 ,nov4 #e4 ,,*>les ,,phelps1 ,auctione]4 ,! foll[+ is tak5 f a pap] publi%$ at ,opel\sas 7,la473-- ,,auction ,,sale4--,! und]sign$ w (f] = sale1 ?r\gh ! m9i/ry ( a public auctione]1 on h] plantation1 ne> ,c>ancro1 9 ! p>i% ( ,/4 ,l&ry1 on ,monday ! #e? day ( ,febru>y next1 & ! foll[+ days1 "o hundr$ *oice slaves1 ( bo? sexes & diff]5t ages1 among :i* is a good blacksmi? & sev]al o!r me*anics4 ,^! slaves w be sold sep>ately1 & "u full & satisfactory gu>antee ( titles4--#h ox-c>ts1 #fi "w-ox51 #bj mules1 #bj "w-horses1 #a1ejj b>rels ( corn1 #ab1ejj cypress pickets4 ,conditions ( ,sale4--,! slaves w be sold on a cr$it ( "o & two ye>s f ! day ( sale2 pur*as]s giv+ suffici5t security to ! satisfaction ( ! v5dor1 & ! slaves rema9+ specially mortgag$ until f9al paym5t ( pr9cipal & ! int]e/ :i* may accrue !reon1 at ! rate ( eight p] c5t p] annum f "t due until f9al paym5t4 ,! conditions ( ! sale ( ! movable prop]ty w be made kn[n on ! day ( sale4 ,,wid[ ,,hypolite ,,creti54 ,opel\sas1 ,janu>y #c;d1 #ahdi4 ,lit]ally speak+1 t5s ( ?\s&s ( su* adv]tisem5ts z ^! might be adduc$4 ,y c h>dly op5 a ,s\!rn pap] )\t f9d+ sev]al4 ,"p ( ! trade is c>ri$ on by wat]4 ,?is "p ( ! trade is regulat$ by ,act ( ,congress 7,act ,m>* #b1 #ahjg1 sect4 #h-aj71 & slav]s sail app>5tly ) comm5dable regul>ity4 ,! foll[+ notice is tak5 f ! ,national ,intellig5c] a few ye>s s9ce3-- ,,alex&ria ,,& ,,new ,,orleans ,,packets4--,brig ,tribune1 ,samuel ,c4 ,bu%1 ma/]1 w sail z above on ! #a/ ,janu>y2 brig ,isaac ,frankl91 ,william ,smi?1 ma/]1 on ! #ae? ,janu>y2 brig ,uncas1 ,na?aniel ,b\%1 ma/]1 on ! #a/ ,febru>y4 ,!y w cont9ue to leave ?is port on ! #a/ & #ae? ( ea* mon?1 ?r\gh\t ! %ipp+ season4 ,s]vants t are int5d$ to be %ipp$ w at any "t be receiv$ = safe keep+ at tw5ty-five c5ts a day4 ,,john ,,amfield1 ,alex&ria4 ,! two foll[+ adv]tisem5ts are tak5 f ! ,am]ican ,beacon ( ,janu>y #bd1 #ahdh1 publi%$ at ,norfolk1 ,virg9ia4 ,!y are adv]tisem5ts ( ! same p]son1 :o1 z we h j se51 (f]s to att5d to %ipp+ ( negroes to any ( ! ,s\!rn ports3-- ,,= ,,new ,,orleans4--,virg9ia & ,l\isiana ,l9e ,packets4 ,! fa/-sail+ packet b>que ,ba*elor1 ,page1 ma/]1 w sail = ! above port f ! #bj? to ! #bg? in/4 ,= freight1 cab9 or /e]age passage1 = :i* %e has good accommodations1 apply to ,g4 ,w4 ,,app]son4 ,,= ,,new ,,orleans4--,virg9ia & ,l\isiana ,l9e ,packets w comm5ce _! regul> trips to ! above port ! #bj? ,septemb]1 & cont9ue mon?ly ?r\gh\t ! season4 ,!y consi/ ( ! foll[+ vessels1 to wit1 b>que ,p>?ian1 ,capt4 ,g4 ,w4 ,all52 b>que ,ba*elor1 ,capt4 ,hiram ,horton2 b>que ,pho5ix1 ,capt4 ,na?aniel ,b\%4 ,! above vessels are all ( ! fir/ class1 & comm&$ by long & exp]i5c$ comm&]s4--,= fur!r in=mation1 apply to ,g4 ,w4 ,,app]son4 ,?is ,capt4 ,na?4 ,b\% is probably ! same man :o figures 9 ,mr4 ,amfield's adv]tisem5t4 ,b ,s\!rn trad]s by no means h a monopoly ( ?is coa/wise slave-trade4 ,! b>que ,p>!non1 ,melli%1 ma/]1 cle>$ f ! port ( ,new ,york1 ,octob] #aj1 #ahdf1 = ,ri*mond1 ,virg9ia1 av[$ly to load ) slaves = ! port ( ,new ,orleans4 ,h[ bus9ess-l is ! foll[+ lett] f a ,nor? ,c>ol9a slave-trad] to 8 consignee 9 ,new ,orleans6 7,a ,repro( ( ! ,am]ican ,*ur*1 p4 #bb73-- ,,halifax1 ,n4,c4 ,novemb] #af1 #ahci4 ,de> ,sir1--,i h %ipp$ 9 ! brig ,addison1 prices z bel[3--,no4 #a1 ,c>ol9e ,ennis1 #fej2 #b1 ,silvy ,holl&1 #fbe2 #c1 ,silvy ,boo?1 #dhg4ej2 #d1 ,m>ia ,pollock1 #dge2 #e1 ,emel9e ,pollock1 #dge2 #f1 ,delia ,av]it1 #dge4 ,! two girls t co/ #fej & #fbe 7 b\ght be=e ,i %ipp$ my fir/4 ,i h a great _m negroes (f]$ to me2 b ,i w n pay ! prices !y ask1 = ,i "k !y w come d[n4 ,i h no opposition 9 m>ket4 ,i w wait until ,i he> f y be=e ,i buy1 & !n ,i c judge :at ,i mu/ pay4 ,goodw9 w s5d y ! bill ( lad+ = my negroes1 z he %ipp$ !m ) 8 own4 ,write (t51 z ! times are critical1 & x dep5ds on ! prices y get to gov]n me 9 buy+4 ,y\rs1 c4 ,g4 ,w4 ,,b>nes4 ,mr4 ,!ophilus ,freeman1 ,new ,orleans4 ,! numb] ( slaves ?us b\ght & sold c nev] be kn[n ) p]fect accuracy4 ,hon4 ,john ,g4 ,palfrey1 9 8 excell5t ,pap]s on ! ,slave ,p[] 7p4 #hc71 e/imates ! numb] annually sold f ! m nor!rly ,slave ,/ates at n less ?an =ty ?\s&6 ,we ?9k 8 e/imate )9 ! tru?4 ,9 ! c\rse ( a s+le ye>1 #ahce-f1 no less ?an =ty ?\s& slaves are said to h be5 sold out ( ,virg9ia alone6 7,niles's ,reg4 ,oct4 #h1 #ahcf47 ,! ,new ,york ,j\rnal ( ,comm]ce ( ,oct4 #ab1 #ahce1 conta9$ a lett] f a ,virg9ian1 :om ! editor calls a v good & s5sible man1 ass]t+ t tw5ty ?\s& slaves _h be5 driv5 to ! ,s\? f ,virg9ia dur+ t ye>1 ( :i* ne>ly "o f\r? 0 !n rema9+4 ,b #ahce & #ahcf 7 ye>s ( great speculation4 ,9 #ahcg ! consequ5t sev]e pressure 9 ! money m>ket 0 attribut$ by a committee ( ! citiz5s ( ,mobile 7,ala47 9 "p to ov]-trad+ 9 slaves4 ,_! report /ates1 t pur*ases by ,alabama ( t species ( prop]ty f o!r ,/ates s9ce #ahcc h am\nt$ to ab\t t5 million doll>s annually4 ,! slaves increase 9 ab\t ! same ratio 9 all ( ! ,slave ,/ates4 ,if ! w>m] latitudes ( ! extreme ,s\? are m cong5ial to !m1 & favor _! increase m ?an ! climate ( ,virg9ia1 ?is effect is1 at lea/1 fully balanc$ by ! great am\nt & unheal?y "* ( mu* ( ! labor on ! sug>1 rice1 & cotton plantations1 & by ! great ext5t to :i* slave-bre$+ is c>ri$ 9 ! m nor!rn ,/ates4 ,! foll[+ table exhibits ! rates ( increase ( ! slaves1 e t5 ye>s1 f #agij to #ahdj3-- ---------------------------------------- --------------- #agij-ahjj #ahjj-ahaj #ahaj-ahbj #ahbj-ahcj #ahcj-ahdj ---------------------------------------- --------------- #bg #cc #bi #cj #bh ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,accord+ly1 = ! fifty ye>s end+ 9 #ahdj1 ! slaves increas$ on an av]age a little ov] tw5ty-eight p] c5t e t5 ye>s4 ,we adopt ?is z a fair /atem5t ( :at %\ld be _! dec5nial natural increase 9 all ! ,/ates2 &1 by natural increase1 we mean increase f bir?s4 ,! foll[+ tables expla9 !mselves3-- ,,slave-,,export+ ,,/ates4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,numb] :i* ought ,decrease ,annual ,"n ( ,/ate4 ,slaves ,slaves to h be5 e t5decrease4 9 #ahcj4 9 #ahdj4;9 ea* ,/ate ye>s4 9 #ahdj4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,delaw>e #c1bib #b1fje #d1bad #a1fai #afb ,m>yl& #ajb1bid #hi1gcg #acj1icf #da1aii #d1abj ,dis4 ( ,columbia #f1aai #d1fid #g1hcc #c1aci #cac ,virg9ia #dfi1geg #ddh1ihg #fja1bhi #aeb1cjb #ae1bcj ,nor? ,c>ol9a #bce1fja #bde1hag #cja1efi #ee1geb #e1ege ,s\? ,c>ol9a #cae1dja #cbg1jch #djc1gac #gf1fge #g1ffh ,k5tucky #afe1bac #ahb1beh #baa1dgc #bi1bae #b1ibb ,t5nessee #fha1ijd #hbi1baj #hgb1hcg #dc1fbg #d1cfc ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,total #bacj1cdf #djc1ebh #dj1cec ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,,slave-,,import+ ,,/ates4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,numb] :i* ought ,extra ,extra ,"n ( ,/ate4 ,slaves ,slaves to h be5 dec5nial annual 9 #ahcj4 9 #ahdj4;9 ea* ,/ateincrease4increase4 9 #ahdj4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,georgia #bag1eca #bhj1idd #bgh1ddj #b1ejd #bej ,florida #ae1eja #be1gag #ai1hda #e1hgf #ehg ,alabama #aag1edi #bec1ecb #aej1dfb #ajc1jgj #aj1cjg ,mississippi #fe1fei #aie1baa #hd1jdc #aaa1afh #aa1aag ,l\isiana #aji1ehh #afh1deb #adj1bgc #bh1agi #b1hah ,arkansas #d1egf #ai1ice #e1heg #ad1jgh #a1djh ,miss\ri #be1jha #eh1bdj #cb1ajd #bf1acf #b1fad ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,total #bia1jaa #bi1aja ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,! c5sus ( #ahdj1 !re=e1 exhibits an annual unnatural decrease ( ov] =ty ?\s& ( ! slave-population 9 ! export+ ,/ates4 ,b ?is c5sus1 at lea/ s f> z /ati/ics t\*+ slaves & free color$ p]sons are conc]n$1 is notori\sly & grossly incorrect4 ,ei!r x or ! tables prep>$ f x 9 ! ,/ate ,dep>tm5t h be5 di%one/ly prep>$1 or v mu* g>bl$1 app>5tly ) ! int5t to prove t slav]y 0 bett] calculat$ to secure ! heal? ( ! negro race ?an a /ate ( fre$om4 ,:at figures w tell 9 favor ( slav]y8--n1 :at figures w tell ! tru?8--seems to h be5 ! pr9ciple on :i* ! la/ c5sus 0 tak54 ,su* be+ ! case1 we feel confid5t t ! c5sus makes ! slaves 9 ! export+ ,/ates decrease z little z possible4 ,9 #ahcj1 ,virg9ia _h #dfi1geg slaves4 ,9 #ahdj %e ought to h _h ?is numb]1 & _! natural increase = t5 ye>s1 #ace1ecb4 ,in/ead ( ?is1 all ! natural increase is gone1 & #bj1ggj besides6 ,all w see t su* a /atem5t w\ld tell too /rongly aga9/ slav]y to be admitt$ into a c5sus got up "u su* slave-support+ auspices1 unless ! /atem5t 0 really )9 ! tru?4 ,we believe1 !re=e1 t ! c5sus ( #ahej1 if truly tak51 w exhibit a mu* l>g] annual unnatural decrease ( ! slave-population 9 ! export+ ,/ates4 ,?is decrease1 :atev] x may really be1 has n be5 ow+ to manumissions4 ,x has n be5 caus$ by slaves runn+ away4 ,= ! effects ( bo? ^! causes1 ! surplus ov] #dj1jjj w\ld be a lib]al all[ance4 ,?is unnatural decrease mu/1 !n1 be caus$ by ! slave-trade1 & ! migration ( plant]s ) _! slaves4 ,! fact is beyond all "q1 t e ye> =ty ?\s& m51 wom51 & *ildr5 are torn f _! homes & fri5ds1 & driv5 to ! ,s\? & ,we/4 ,s truly did ! ,rev4 ,!odore ,clapp speak 7,s]mon1 p4 #df71 :5 he decl>$1 ,slaves possess ! inappreciable b5efits :i* gr[ out ( ! ende>+ ties ( fri5d%ip1 k9dr$1 sympa?y1 & ! :ole class ( dome/ic affections4 ,p>5ts & *ildr51 husb&s & wives 7x is true71 are sometimes sep>at$ by be+ involv$ 9 ^? calamities :i* sweep away ! possessions & prosp]ity ( ! ma/]4 ,b1 take x all 9 all1 !y are z free & undi/urb$ 9 ! enjoym5t ( _! dome/ic relations1 z ! :ite inhabitants ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates6 ,=ty ?\s& fa!rs1 mo!rs1 bro!rs1 si/]s1 & *ildr5 are e ye> c>ri$ f ! places ( _! bir?1 l s _m cattle1 al?\gh ! t]rible fact is well kn[n t at lea/ "o f\r? ( !m mu/ die 9 ! process ( acclimation6,s ,s v t5d] is man ( man1 :5 he holds 8 bro!r 9 slav]y1 & makes m]*&ise ( 8 si/]6 ,s eag] is ! s\l-driv] to co9 8 bro!r's blood into doll>s6 ,s ready are ^? :om ,god has appo9t$ ma/]s to sacrifice ! lives ( "o f\r? ( ^? committ$ to _! *>ge1 9 ord] greatly to advance ! m>ket value ( ! survivors6 ,we h no data f :i* to inf] ! numb] ( plant]s :o g ,s\? ) _! slaves4 ,b1 all[+ t five hundr$ ?us remove1 & t on an av]age !y h t5 slaves ea* 7prop] e/imates we believe71 we h left ?irty-five ?\s& z ! numb] ( human be+s :o are e ye> sold to ! speculators 9 human fle%6 ,n[1 ,mr4 ,b>nes's lot ( 8 fell[-creatures av]ag$ 9 value ov] five hundr$ doll>s apiece2 & ^? 7 times :51 f 8 acc\nt1 ! m>ket 0 glutt$1 & ! prices accord+ly l[4 ,"y & likely negroes are m easily acclimat$1 & are bett] able to "w1 ?an o!rs4 ,consequ5tly1 !y are ! ones mo/ s\ght aft] by judici\s trad]s4 ,we %\ld consid] five hundr$ doll>s = a "y1 heal?y negro1 w>rant$ s\nd1 z really a l[ price4 ,b1 if we suppose ! slaves annually export$ to be wor? less ?an any ( ,mr4 ,b>nes's lot1--consid]+ !m z wor? only #dej apiece1--we h1 z ! sums ( money e ye> inve/$ 9 ! trade 9 slaves1 ! v mod]ate sum ( fifte5 millions sev5 hundr$ & fifty ?\s& doll>s6 ,?is is exclusive ( ! co/ ( all ! private jails1 ( transportation by sea & l&1 food1 wages ( driv]s1 c42 :i* _c b v l>gely increase ?is sum4 ,?is sum1 #ae1gej1jjj1 w\ld1 9 less ?an ?ree ye>s1 d\ble ! numb] ( miles ( railroad :i* 7 9 op]ation 9 all ! ,s\!rn ,/ates 9 #ahdf 7,p>k]'s ,lett] on ,slav]y1 p4 #eb74 ,x w\ld1 9 only two ye>s1 m ?an d\ble 9 l5g? all ! railroads :i* 7 !n 9 op]ation 9 all ! ,slave ,/ates1 except ,m>yl&4 ,x co/s e ye> five millions m to c>ry on ! dome/ic slave-trade ?an x does to fit out & victual all ! :ale-%ips ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates6 7,am]ican ,almanac1 #ahdc1 p4 #agh47 ,ov] "o fif? ( ! entire value ( ! cotton1 sug>1 rice1 & tobacco rais$ 9 ! fifte5 ,slave ,/ates 9 #ahci1 & ov] "o ?ird ( ! value ( articles manufactur$ 9 ! ,s\?1 0 inve/$ 9 slaves6 ,ne>ly twice z _m slaves are c>ri$ ,s\? & ,we/ e ye> z !re are m5 9 all ! ,slave ,/ates engag$ 9 ! le>n$ pr(essions6--s t]ribly prom95t is ?is trade 9 m5 & wom56 ,:o w v5ture to conceive1 mu* less express1 ! deep degradation :i* mu/ be caus$ by a trade ( su* fe>ful "* & magnitude2--degradation n only to ! imm$iate suff]]s1 b to all ^? :o may be subject$ to x8 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,runaway ,,slaves4 ,x is contr>y also to ! w ( ,god = s]vants ei!r to run away1 or h>bor a runaway--,rev4 ,c4 ,c4 ,jones's ,tea*+ to ,slaves4 ,! treatm5t :i* runaway slaves receive _c b greatly degrade !m4 ,pi\s z well z worldly ma/]s consid] t _! slaves h no m "r to run away ?an _! horses or mules4 ,! ,*ri/ian slavehold] orally tea*es 8 slaves1 t1 by tak+ ?is /ep1 !y s9 9 ! sight ( ,god2 = has n ,paul mo/ emphatically condemn$ ! practice8 ,s c>eful is he ( ! s\ls ( ^? :om ,god has committ$ to 8 *>ge6 ,we frequ5tly f9d adv]tisem5ts simil> to ?is1 cut f ! ,am]ican ,beacon 7,norfolk1 ,va471 ,jan4 #bd1 #ahdh3-- #ej ,,rew>d4--,/op ,ruff9 & ,wyatt4--,^! m5 left my h\se on ,saturday night1 ,janu>y #ae1 #ahdh1 )\t any provocation4 ,!y h uni=mly ma9ta9$ a good "* = hone/y1 indu/ry1 & sobriety1--7 ob$i5t & tru/wor?y s]vants1 & no sev]ity nor ?reats _h be5 (f]$ t[>ds !m2 & ,i v mu* fe> !y h left = "s ,nor!rn ,/ate4 99 99 99 99 99 ,^! slaves 7 orig9ally own$ 9 ,surry1 & possibly may be 9 ! vic9ity ( _! relatives4 ,,george ,n4 ,,hat*4 ,gaysville1 ,p4,o4 ,pr9ce ,george ,c\nty1 ,va4 ,good ,mr4 ,bryant ,johnson is v mu* m indignant4 ,9 ! ,macon 7,georgia7 ,telegraph1 ,may #bh1 is ! foll[+3-- ,ab\t ! fir/ ( ,m>* la/1 ! negro-man1 ,ransom1 left me )\t ! lea/ provocation :atev]4 ,i w give a rew>d ( #bj = said negro if tak51 dead or alive2 &1 if kill$ 9 any attempt1 an advance ( #e w be paid4 ,,bryant ,,johnson4 ,craw=d ,c\nty1 ,georgia4 ,9 ! extremity ( 8 wra?1 he _c ?9k ( ! lea/ provocation :atev] :i* he has giv5 8 slave4 ,b we confess we are mu* m t\*$ by fri5d ,hat*'s adv]tisem5t4 ,simple-m9d$ creature6 ,he evid5tly speaks m 9 sorr[ & a/oni%m5t ?an 9 ang]4 ,d\btless he _h uni=mly f$1 clo!d1 & h\s$ 8 s]vants well1 & _h nev] be5 sev]e ) or ?reat5$ !m4 ,h[ c\ld !y desire to leave him8 ,!y h run away )\t any provocation6 ,s unnatural1 almo/ impossible1 9 ! eyes ( ma/]s1 is any sp>k ( manl9ess 9 a slave6 ,!y _c conceive x possible = a manly love ( lib]ty to provoke a favor$ negro to run away4 ,/ill1 h[ev]1 ev5 favor$ s]vants are cont9ually escap+ f _! happy /ate2 &1 by ! me?ods adopt$ to retake !m1 !y are mo/ effici5tly taught t !y h no m rights ?an has a favor$ h\nd or a valu$ horse4 ,_! manl9ess is cru%$1 until at la/ !y really feel !mselves to be little else ?an items ( pr(it or loss to _! own]s4 ,! old slave :o1 at ! po9t ( dea?1 0 ask$ :e!r he 0 n sorry to die1 & :o repli$1 ,oh6 no3 ! loss is massa's1 _h v fai?fully improv$ ! in/ruction imp>t$ to 8 class4 ,if our horse is /ol5 f 8 /able1 or our c[ /rays f h] pa/ure1 we adv]tise !m z /ray$ or /ol54 ,if a slave runs away1 8 ma/] adv]tises him1 & (f]s a rew>d = 8 capture4 ,if he is f\nd1 ! lucky f9d] deposits him 9 jail = safe keep+1 to await a favorable opportunity ( s5d+ him back to 8 ma/]1--( c\rse1 l ,onesimus1 z a bro!r belov$4 ,! jail] gets 8 legal fees1 ! f9d] gets 8 rew>d1 ! ma/] gets 8 slave1 & ! slave mo/ g5]ally receives "s mod]ate correction f ! c[sk9 or ! paddle4 ,if he w n li/5 to ! tea*+ ( ,god's mess5g]s to 8 s\l1 :o are cont9ually repeat+ to him 7,jones's ,rel4 ,in/4 #ahh7 a s]vant :o kn[s 8 ma/]'s duty1 & w n d x1 mu/ be made to d x1 h[ c he compla9 ( 8 treatm5t8 ,s anxi\s are !y at ! ,s\? t e poor ,african %\ld h a good1 k9d ma/] to att5d to ! wants ( 8 s\l1 & support him 9 old age1 t1 if a /ray negro is tak5 up runn+ at l>ge )\t an app>5t own]1 & = any cause he _c legally prove 8 fre$om1 ev5 ?\gh he does really own himself1 he is nev]!less adv]tis$1 & sold at auction to ! highe/ bidd]1 to pay ! exp5ses occasion$ by 8 own capture & det5tion4 ,h[ happy mu/ be ! p t are 9 su* a case6 ,yea1 bless$ is 8 condition ^: body is f$ & :ipp$1 ^: s\l is sav$ & d>k5$1 by 8 bro!r man6 ,! ,revis$ ,/atutes ( ,,nor? ,,c>ol9a1 *ap4 #aaa1 sec4 #aa1 provides t1-- ,if any negro :o %all be tak5 up z a runaway1 & br\ght be=e any ju/ice ( ! peace1 w n decl>e ! "n ( 8 or h] own]1 su* ju/ice %all 9 su* case1 & he is h]eby requir$1 by a w>rant "u 8 h&1 to commit ! said negro-slave to ! jail ( ! c\nty :]e9 he or %e %all be tak5 up2 & ! %]iff or und]%]iff ( ! c\nty into ^: cu/ody ! said runaway %all be committ$1 %all =?) cause notice 9 writ+ ( su* commitm5t to be set up on ! ,c\rt-h\se door ( ! said c\nty1 & !re cont9u$ dur+ ! space ( two mon?s2 9 :i* notice a full description ( ! said runaway & 8 clo?+ %all be p>ticul>ly set d[n4--,:5 ! own] is suppos$ to be a resid5t 9 ano!r ,/ate1 ! jail] is oblig$ by sec4 #ae1 by ! fir/ opportunity aft] su* commitm5t1 to s5d a description ( su* negro or runaway1 toge!r ) ! acc\nt ( ! "t ( commitm5t1 & ! c\nty :]e su* runaway is committ$1 to ! press1 to be adv]tis$ 9 ! ,/ate ,gazette4--,sec4 #af provides1 t1 :5ev] any negro-slave %all be tak5 up 9 ?is ,/ate z a runaway1 & conf9$ 9 any jail = ! space ( twelve mon?s1 & ! appreh5sion & conf9em5t ( said slave h be5 adv]tis$ 9 ! ,/ate ,gazette at lea/ six mon?s1 & ! own] does n apply to prove prop]ty 9 said "t1 !n x %all be lawful = ! c\rt ( pleas & qu>t] sessions ( ! c\nty 9 :i* said runaway is conf9$1 to comm& _! %]iff to expose said negro-slave to public sale = ready money1 giv+ ?ree mon?s' notice 9 "s public newspap] 9 ?is ,/ate1 at ! ,c\rt-h\se door1 & at two o!r public places 9 ! said c\nty1 ( ! "t & place ( sale1 & ( ! circum/ances "u :i* ! said slave is to be sold4--,sect4 #ag gives ! %]iff two & a half p] c5tum on ! am\nt ( sale4--,sect4 #ah decl>es t ! bill ( sale ( ! %]iff %all ve/ 9 ! pur*as] an absolute "r to ! said slave4 ,! residue ( ! am\nt ( sales1 aft] d$uct+ commissions & prison *>ges1 is direct$ to be paid to ! c\nty tru/ee = ! use ( ! c\nty4 ,simil> laws1 au?oriz+ ! sale into slav]y ( negroes tak5 up z runaway slaves1 :o _c f any cause prove _! fre$om1 are f\nd 9 ,virg9ia1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,georgia1 ,k5tucky1 ,t5nessee1 ,florida1 ,alabama1 ,mississippi1 ,miss\ri1 ,arkansas1 & ,l\isiana4 ,a simil> law has always exi/$ 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 orig9ally enact$1 & s9ce support$1 by ,nor!rn freem54 ,our law1 h[ev]1 diff]s f ! o!rs 9 (f]+ to ! m>%al a high bribe to induce him to sell free negroes1 by provid+ t ! proce$s ( ! p]sons sold may rema9 9 8 own pocket1 unless aft] ! sale ! ma/] %all be discov]$1 & %all claim ! balance4 ,?r\gh\t all ! ,slave ,/ates1 ! law presumes e free negro to be a slave1 until he c legally prove 8 fre$om4 ,consequ5tly1 e free negro1 out ( 8 own neighborhood1 is presum$ to be1 & treat$ z1 a runaway slave1 until he c e/abli% 8 fre$om4 ,"u laws ( ?is k9d1 _m free negroes are tak52 &1 if f want ( money or fri5ds1 or di/ance f home1 or any o!r cause1 !y _c prove _! fre$om1 z no own] c come =w>d & claim prop]ty & pay *>ges1 !y mu/ necess>ily be sold into slav]y = life6 ,v rec5tly1 9 ! columns ( ! ,wa%+ton ,union1 appe>$ ! foll[+ notices3-- ,,notice4--,0 committ$ to ! jail ( ,wa%+ton ,c\nty1 ,d4,c4 on ! #e? ,july1 #ahdf1 z a runaway1 a negro-man1 :o calls himself ,john ,crew4 ,he is black1 ab\t #e feet #f-a_/b in*es high1 & ab\t #dc ye>s ( age4 ,he says he is free1 & 0 born 9 ,hanov] ,c\nty1 ,virg9ia1 & 0 set free by ,mrs4 ,all51 =m]ly ,mrs4 ,watson1 ( said c\nty2 & t he liv$ ) ,jude ,muir1 9 ,ri*mond1 ,virg9ia2 & t he obta9$ 8 free pap]s 9 ,ri*mond 9 #ahbc1 :5 a ,mr4 ,h5n+ 0 cl]k ( ! c\rt4 ,he has _h "r leg brok51 :i* has left a l>ge sc> on x4 ,he has a sc> on ! "r side ( 8 neck1 :i* he says he has receiv$ s9ce he left ,ri*mond4 ,! own] or own]s ( ! above-describ$ negro-man are h]eby requir$ to come =w>d1 prove him1 & take him away1 or he w be sold = 8 prison & o!r exp5ses1 z ! law directs4 ,,robt4 ,,ball1 ,jail] = ,aug4 #ae4 ,a4 ,,hunt]1 ,m>%al4 ,,notice4--,0 committ$ to ! jail ( ,wa%+ton ,c\nty1 ,d4,c4 on ! #bc;d ( ,july1 #ahdg1 z a runaway1 a negro-woman1 :o calls h]self ,ann ,e4 ,hodges4 ,%e is ne>ly black1 ab\t #e feet #e-a_/d in*es high1 & ab\t #bb ye>s ( age4 ,_h on1 :5 committ$1 a slate-color$ ,m]9o dress & a br[n calico sun-bonnet4 ,%e says %e is free1 & s]v$ h] "t out ) a ,mr4 ,b5jam9 ,daltry1 ( ,s\?ampton1 ,va42 & t ,messrs4 ,griff9 ,bi%op1 ( ! same place1 "k h] to be free4 ,%e has two sc>s on ! left leg1 ne> ! knee1 f ! bite ( a dog1 "o on h] left wri/1 & "o on ! po9t ( h] brea/-bone1 occasion$ by a burn4 ,! own] or own]s ( ! above-describ$ negro-woman are h]eby requir$ to come =w>d1 prove h]1 & take h] away1 or %e w be sold = h] prison & o!r exp5ses1 z ! law directs4 ,,robt4 ,,ball1 ,jail]1 = ,aug4 #bc4 ,a4 ,,hunt]1 ,m>%al4 ,"h is ano!r in/ance1 :i* happ5$ sev]al ye>s s9ce3-- ,,notice4--,0 committ$ to ! jail ( ,wa%+ton ,c\nty1 ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 z a runaway1 a negro-woman1 by ! "n ( ,polly ,leip]1 & h] infant *ild1 ,william4444 ,says %e 0 set free by ,john ,campbell1 ( ,ri*mond1 ,va4 9 #ahah or #ahai4 ,! own] ( ! above-describ$ woman & *ild1 if any1 are reque/$ to come & prove !m1 & take !m away1 or !y w be sold = _! jail fees & o!r exp5ses1 z ! law directs4 ,,t5* ,,r+gold1 ,m>%al4 ,may #bi1 #ahbg4 ,_m o!r simil> ones might be cit$ f pap]s publi%$ 9 ! ,di/rict4 ,! foll[+ is tak5 f ! ,mobile 7,ala47 ,regi/] ( ,july #ba1 #ahcg3-- ,,w ,,be ,,sold ,,*eap ,,= ,,ca%1 9 front ( ! ,c\rt-h\se ( ,mobile ,c\nty1 on ! #bb;d day ( ,july next1 "o mulatto-man1 nam$ ,h5ry ,hale1 :o says he is free4 ,8 own] or own]s1 if any1 hav+ fail$ to dem& him1 he is to be sold accord+ to ! /atute 9 su* case made & provid$1 to pay jail fees4 ,,william ,,magee1 ,%ff4 ,m4,c4 ,"h are two f ! ,vicksburg 7,miss47 ,regi/]4 ,! fir/ is ! notice ( ! committal ( a negro4 ,! second is ! adv]tisem5t = 8 sale3-- ,,%]iff',s ,,sale4--,committ$ to ! jail ( ,w>r5 ,c\nty1 z a runaway1 on ! #bc;d in/4 a negro-man1 :o calls himself ,john ,j4 ,rob9son2 says t he is free2 says t he kept a bak]'s %op 9 ,columbus1 ,miss4 & t he p$dl$ ?r\gh ! ,*ickasaw nation to ,pontotoc1 & came to ,memphis1 :]e he sold 8 horse1 took wat]1 & came to ?is place4 ,! own] ( said boy is reque/$ to come =w>d1 prove prop]ty1 pay *>ges1 & take him away1 or he w be dealt ) z ! law directs4 ,dec4 #bd1 #ahce4 ,,wm4 ,,ev]ett1 ,jail]4 ,notice is h]eby giv51 t ! above-describ$ boy1 :o calls himself ,john ,j4 ,rob9son1 hav+ be5 conf9$ 9 ! jail ( ,w>r5 ,c\nty z a runaway = six mon?s1 & hav+ be5 regul>ly adv]tis$ dur+ ?is p]iod1 ,i %all proce$ to sell said negro-boy at public auction to ! highe/ bidd] = ca%1 at ! door ( ! ,c\rt-h\se 9 ,vicksburg1 on ,monday1 #a/ ( ,augu/1 #ahcf1 9 pursuance ( ! /atute 9 su* case made & provid$4 ,vicksburg1 ,july #b1 #ahcf4 ,e4 ,w4 ,,morris1 ,%]iff4 ,slav]y1 z x exi/s1 is n wrong1 accord+ to ,bi%ops ,ives & ,freeman2 & yet1 9 ! diocese ( ! =m]1 9 ! ,fayetteville 7,n4,c47 ,obs]v]1 ,june #bg1 #ahch1 ?is adv]tisem5t appe>s3-- ,,tak5 ,,& ,,committ$ ,,to ,,jail1 a negro-girl1 nam$ ,nancy1 :o is suppos$ to belong to ,sp5c] ,p4 ,wright1 ( ! ,/ate ( ,georgia4 ,%e is ab\t #cj ye>s ( age1 & is a lunatic4 ,! own] is reque/$ to come =w>d1 prove prop]ty1 pay *>ges1 & take h] away1 or %e w be sold to pay h] jail fees4 ,,fr$]ick ,,home1 ,jail]4 ,& suppose ?is supposition is incorrect1 & t ?is poor woman does n belong to ,mr4 ,wright1 b on ! contr>y t %e is free1 h[ !n w /& ! case8 ,a poor free woman1 a lunatic1 "o :o accord+ly _c by any possibility prove h] fre$om1 be+ arre/$ z a runaway1 may be sold z a slave = life1 9 virtue ( ! laws ( ! ,*ri/ian ,/ate ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a6 ,& no "o is entitl$ to pron\nce su* act to be wrong1 unless he c produce a new revelation f ,heav56 ,if a slave has p]=m$ a great s]vice to ! ,/ate or 8 ma/]1 z a rew>d he is set free2 &1 if ! freeman1 avail+ himself ( 8 privileges1 goes out ( 8 own neighborhood1 ! law1 ) ! sanction ( "r rev]5d fa!rs 9 ,god1 consigns him to ! auction block6 ,b ! runaway slave is n always to be tak5 easily4 ,/r5u\s lib]ty is (t5 pref]r$ to slavi% ease4 ,to meet su* cases1 ample provision is made1 no less degrad+ to ! slave4 ,if any "o "h at ! ,nor? %\ld adv]tise t he 0 ready to pursue1 ) dogs tra9$ = ! purpose1 runaway appr5tices1 or prison]s :o _h escap$ f jail1 we %\ld all %udd] at ! cold-blood$ness ( ! proposition4 ,h we n1 9 ! ,old ,bay ,/ate1 j solemnly enact$ t n ev5 ! mo/ h>d5$ convicts 9 our ,/ate ,prison %all be :ipp$8 ,h[1 !n1 c we s f> =get our common manhood z to pursue our bro!r ) bloodh\nds8 ,! slave1 unlike ! prison]1 has committ$ no crime4 ,unlike ! appr5tice1 he has nev] cons5t$1 ei!r by himself or 8 p>5ts1 to be a slave4 ,he is held 9 slav]y aga9/ 8 w1 & n z ! puni%m5t = any crime2 & yet1 if he v5tures to take 8 fre$om1 to ass]t ! highe/ & holie/ ( all 8 rights1 he is liable to be hunt$ ) dogs & maim$ ) %ot6 ,9 ?is s-call$ ,*ri/ian c\ntry1 :i* is sp5d+ its millions 9 reg5]at+ ! hea!n1 :ole communities exi/ :i* tol]ate su* a fi5di% occupation z a slave-hunt]6 ,communities d we say8 ,has n ! nation elevat$ to its highe/ po/ ( honor ! individual :o fir/ sugge/$ to our gov]nm5t ! idea ( import+ bloodh\nds f ,cuba1 ) :i* to track ! ,sem9ole ,indians1 & ! fugitive slaves :om !y protect$1 & ) :om !y _h int]m>ri$8 ,h[ pr\dly did ! />-spangl$ bann] wave its folds ov] ! gallant m5 & h\nds t pursu$ & f9ally conqu]$ ! pant+ fugitives6 ,9 ! ,madison ,j\rnal1 publi%$ at ,ri*mond1 ,la4 ,nov4 #bf1 #ahdg1 appe>s ! foll[+3-- ,,notice4--,! subscrib]1 liv+ on ,c>r[ay ,lake1 on ,hoe's ,bay\1 9 ,c>roll ,p>i%1 sixte5 miles on ! road lead+ f ,bay\ ,mason to ,lake ,provid5ce1 is ready ) a pack ( dogs to hunt runaway negroes at any "t4 ,^! dogs are well tra9$1 & are kn[n ?r\gh\t ! p>i%4 ,lett]s address$ to me at ,provid5ce w secure imm$iate att5tion4 ,my t]ms are #e p] day = hunt+ ! trails1 :e!r ! negro is caught or n4 ,:]e a twelve h\rs' trail is %[n1 & ! negro n tak51 no *>ge is made4 ,= tak+ a negro1 #be1 & no *>ge made = hunt+4 ,,james ,w4 ,,hall4 ,9 ! ,sumpt] ,c\nty ,:ig 7,alabama7 ( ,nov4 #f1 #ahde1 ! foll[+ is f\nd3-- ,,negro ,,dogs4--,! und]sign$1 hav+ b\ght ! entire pack ( negro dogs 7( ! ,hay ,all5 /ock71 he n[ proposes to cat* runaway negroes4 ,8 *>ges w be #c a day = hunt+1 & #ae = cat*+ a runaway4 ,he resides ?ree & "o half miles nor? ( ,liv+/on1 ne> ! l[] ,jones' ,bluff road4 ,nov4 #f1 #ahde4 ,,william ,,gambrel4 ,william ,w4 ,br[n 0 hunt$ by ,major ,b5jam9 ,o',fallon1 :o kept = 8 pr(essional purposes five or six bloodh\nds 7,n>rative1 p4 #bb74 ,la/ ye>1 #ahdh1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,erv91 a native ( ,fairfield ,di/rict1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 a slave-hunt] by pr(ession1 0 murd]$ by "s runaway slaves4 ,own]s sometimes v>y ! monotony ( a plantation life by a private hunt on _! own acc\nt4 ,b1 unless !y h consid]able practice1 !y make a bungl+ piece ( "w ( x4 ,! true object1 bo? ( dogs & m51 is ! capture ( ! negro1 n 8 dea?4 ,g54 ,taylor did n wi% to worry ! ,sem9oles4 ,we might cite _m notices l ! foll[+1 cut f ! ,raleigh 7,n4,c47 ,regi/]1 ,aug4 #bj1 #ahch3-- ,on ,saturday night1 ,mr4 ,george ,holmes1 ( ?is c\nty1 & "s ( 8 fri5ds 7 9 pursuit ( a runaway slave 7! prop]ty ( ,mr4 ,holmes71 & fell 9 ) him 9 attempt+ to make 8 escape4 ,mr4 ,h4 dis*>g$ a gun at 8 legs1 = ! purpose ( disabl+ him2 b1 un=tunately1 ! slave /umbl$1 & ! %ot /ruck him ne> ! small ( ! back1 ( :i* w\nd he di$ 9 a %ort "t4 ,! slave cont9u$ to run "s di/ance aft] he 0 %ot1 until ov]tak5 by "o ( ! p>ty4 ,we are satisfi$ f all t we c le>n1 t ,mr4 ,h4 _h no int5tion ( inflict+ a mortal w\nd4 ,! hunt]1 9 ! foll[+ in/ance1 0 m skilful or lucky4 ,! adv]tisem5t is f\nd 9 ! ,ri*mond ,:ig & ,public ,adv]tis]1 ,jan4 #be1 #ahdh3-- #ej ,,rew>d4--,ran away f ! subscrib]s1 on ,sunday1 ! #h? in/ant1 a negro-man1 nam$ ,george4 ,! said slave is ab\t #ba ye>s ( age1 black1 ab\t #e feet #f in*es high1 weighs ab\t #aej p\nds1 has good tee?1 & a r\nd & likely face4 ,he 0 pur*as$ at ,r4 ,h4 ,dick9son ,bro4's auction-room1 on ! #bb;d ( ,m>*1 la/1 f ,messrs4 ,milln] ,ke51 ( ,pittsylvania ,c\rt-h\se4 ,he 0 pur*as$ by !m 7,m4 ,k47 9 ,rick+ham1 ,n4,c42 & he w 9 all probability make = t place1 z he ran (f la/ ,april1 & 0 tak5 ^u 8 way !re1 at ,amelia ,c\rt-h\se4 ,! p]son t took him on t occasion %ot him ) small %ot on ! legs1 & ! %ot-m>ks are v p]ceptible on ! h9d "p or ! calves ( 8 legs4 ,we w give #ej = ! appreh5sion & deliv]y ( said boy to ,r4 ,h4 ,dick9son ,bro4 9 ,ri*mond1 ,va4 if tak5 up aft] ?is date2 &1 if tak5 up previ\s to ?is date1 we w pay #be = 8 deliv]y "h1 & ! exp5se ( br++ him to ?is place f :]e he may be tak5 up4 ,,kelly1 ,,hundley1 ,,co4 ,ri*mond1 ,aug4 #bg1 #ahdg4 ,! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,jones w\ld probably in/ruct ,george1 t he 0 %ot because he disobey$ ,god's comm&s 9 runn+ away1 & especially because he robb$ ,god ( 8 own 9 break+ ! ,sabba?6 ,b h[ judici\s 0 ! man :o took him up on t occasion6 ,he only %ot him ) small %ot 9 ! legs6 ,9 ! ,macon 7,ga47 ,telegraph1 ,nov4 #bg1 #ahch1 we f9d ! foll[+ acc\nt ( a runaway's d51 & ( ! good luck ( a ,mr4 ,adams1 9 runn+ d[n "o ( !m ) 8 excell5t dogs3-- ,a runaway's d5 0 discov]$ on ,sunday1 ne> ! ,wa%+ton ,spr+1 9 a little pat* ( woods1 :]e x _h be5 = sev]al mon?s s artfully conceal$ "u gr\nd1 t x 0 detect$ only by accid5t1 ?\gh 9 sight ( two or ?ree h\ses1 & ne> ! road & fields :]e !re has be5 con/ant daily pass+4 ,! entrance 0 conceal$ by a pile ( p9e /raw1 repres5t+ a hog-b$1 :i* be+ remov$1 discov]$ a trap-door & /eps t l$ to a room ab\t six feet squ>e1 com=tably ceil$ ) plank1 conta9+ a small fireplace1 ! flue ( :i* 0 +5i\sly conduct$ above gr\nd & conceal$ by ! /raw4 ,! inmates took ! al>m1 & made _! escape2 b ,mr4 ,adams & 8 excell5t dogs be+ put ^u ! trail1 soon run d[n & secur$ "o ( !m1 :i* prov$ to be a negro-fell[ :o _h be5 out ab\t a ye>4 ,he /at$ t ! o!r occupant 0 a woman1 :o _h be5 a runaway a /ill long] "t4 ,9 ! d5 0 f\nd a quantity ( meal1 bacon1 corn1 potatoes1 c4 & v>i\s cook+ ut5sils & we>+ app>el4 ,! ,"l ( ! sabba? seems to favor ! ma/]s2 = ,mr4 ,adams's hunt occurr$ on ,sunday6 ,_m o!r in/ances might be giv54 ,we adduce only ?is4 ,! ,/4 ,francisville 7,la47 ,*ronicle ( ,feb4 #a1 #ahci1 gives ! foll[+ acc\nt ( a negro-hunt 9 t p>i%3-- ,two or ?ree days s9ce1 a g5tleman ( ?is p>i%1 9 hunt+ runaway negroes1 came ^u a camp ( !m 9 ! swamp on ,cat ,isl&4 ,he succe$$ 9 arre/+ two ( !m2 b ! ?ird made fight1 &1 ^u be+ %ot 9 ! %\ld]1 fl$ to a sluice1 :]e ! dogs succe$$ 9 dr[n+ him be=e assi/ance c\ld arrive4 ,does any "o say ^! atrocities mu/ be conf9$ to ! extreme ,s\?1 & t law or public op9ion 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a w\ld =bid !m8 ,h[ f> o!rwise is ! fact6 ,! ,revis$ ,/atutes ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 *ap4 #aaa1 sec4 #bb1 provide z foll[s3-- ,:]eas1 _m times slaves run away & lie out1 hid & lurk+ 9 swamps1 woods1 & o!r obscure places1 kill+ cattle & hogs1 & committ+ o!r injuries to ! inhabitants ( ?is ,/ate2 9 all su* cases1 ^u intellig5ce ( any slave or slaves ly+ out z a=esaid1 any two ju/ices ( ! peace = ! c\nty :]e9 su* slave or slaves is or are suppos$ to lurk or d mis*ief1 %all1 & !y are h]eby emp[]$ & requir$ to issue proclamation aga9/ su* slave or slaves 7recit+ 8 or _! names1 & ! "n or names ( ! own] or own]s1 if kn[n71 !reby requir+ him or !m1 & e ( !m1 =?) to surr5d] him or !mselves2 & also to emp[] & require ! %]iff ( ! said c\nty to take su* p[] ) him z he %all ?9k fit & necess>y = go+ 9 se>* & pursuit (1 & effectually appreh5d+1 su* outly+ slave or slaves2 :i* proclamation %all be publi%$ at ! door ( ! ,c\rt-h\se1 & at su* o!r places z said ju/ices %all direct4,t ,& if any slave or slaves aga9/ :om proclamation ha? be5 ?us issu$ /ay out1 & d n imm$iately return home1 x %all be lawful = any p]son or p]sons :atsoev] to kill & de/roy su* slave or slaves by su* ways & means z he %all ?9k fit1 )\t accusation or impea*m5t ( any crime = ! same4 ,?is is truly a ,*ri/ian law6 ,a writt5 proclamation to m51 ( :om n "o 9 t5 ?\s& c read a lett] ( x6--& yet1 aft] publication ( x at ! door ( ! ,c\rt-h\se1 & at su* o!r places 7if any7 z ! ju/ices may direct1 if ! slaves d n imm$iatelyy return1 x is lawful = any p]son to kill & de/roy !m by su* ways or means z he %all ?9k fit4 ,& may n bloodh\nds be ! mo/ exp$iti\s & fit8 ,is ?is law a dead lett]8 ,only fifte5 days be=e ,bi%op ,freeman's s]mon 0 deliv]$1 & ,bi%op ,ives enjoy$ mo/ unfeign$ pleasure at ! ?\ght t slav]y exi/$ z x did 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ! foll[+ proclamation & adv]tisem5t appe>$ 9 ! ,newb]n 7,n4,c47 ,spectator3-- ,,/ate ,,( ,,nor? ,,c>ol9a1 ,,l5oir ,,c\nty4--,:]eas compla9t ha? be5 ?is day made to u1 two ( ! ju/ices ( ! peace = ! said c\nty1 by ,william ,d4 ,cobb1 ( ,jones c\nty1 t two negro-slaves belong+ to him1 nam$ ,b5 7commonly kn[n by ! "n ( ,b5 ,fox7 & ,rigdon1 h abs5t$ !mselves f _! said ma/]'s s]vice1 & are lurk+ ab\t 9 ! c\nties ( ,l5oir & ,jones1 committ+ acts ( felony2 ^! are1 9 ! "n ( ! ,/ate1 to comm& ! said slaves =?) to surr5d] !mselves1 & turn home to _! said ma/]4 ,& we d h]eby also require ! %]iff ( said c\nty ( ,l5oir to make dilig5t se>* & pursuit aft] ! above-m5tion$ slaves4444 ,& we d h]eby1 by virtue ( an ,act ( ,assembly ( ?is ,/ate conc]n+ s]vants & slaves1 intimate & decl>e1 if ! said slaves d n surr5d] !mselves & return home to _! ma/] imm$iately aft] ! publication ( ^! pres5ts1 t any p]son may kill or de/roy said slaves by su* means z he or !y ?9k fit1 )\t accusation or impea*m5t ( any crime or (f5ce = s do+1 or )\t incurr+ any p5alty or =feiture !reby4 ,giv5 "u our h&s & seals1 ?is #ab? ( ,novemb]1 #ahch4 ,b4 ,,coleman1 ,j4,p4 ,seal4 ,,jas4 ,,jones1 ,j4,p4 ,seal4 #bjj ,,rew>d4--,ran away f ! subscrib]1 ab\t ?ree ye>s ago1 a c]ta9 negro-man1 nam$ ,b51 commonly kn[n by ! "n ( ,b5 ,fox1 also "o o!r negro1 by ! "n ( ,rigdon1 :o ran away on ! #h? ( ?is mon?4 ,i w give ! rew>d ( #ajj = ea* ( ! above negroes1 to be deliv]$ to me1 or conf9$ 9 ! jail ( ,l5oir or ,jones ,c\nty1 or = ! kill+ ( !m1 s t ,i c see !m4 ,nov4 #ab1 #ahch4 ,w4 ,d4 ,,cobb4 ,9 :at has prec$$1 we h endeavor$ to give a fa9t b true picture ( slavehold+ z x mo/ g5]ally exi/s4 ,?\gh we h purposely left unm5tion$ _m wrongs1 we h abundantly support$ our conclusion4 ,if1 z we h se51 e slave1 z a man1 has a natural1 ,god-giv5 "r to be left free to seek aft] wisdom1 to /rive to become pure 9 he>t1 to *]i% 8 affections1 x is a great wrong delib]ately & c>efully to close aga9/ him all ! av5ues to k1 to refuse him ev5 ! rudim5ts imp>t$ to ! *ild t cl+s to our knees1 to refuse him all moral & religi\s in/ruction1 or give him su* only z is calculat$ to make him cont5t$ ) 8 lot1 & m pr(itable to 8 oppressors4 ,x is a great wrong--:o c conceive a great]8--to d5y to a :ole race ! sacr$ness ( m>riage1 ! bless+s ( home1 ! joys ( bro!r & si/]1 ( fa!r & "m1 & all ! ref9+1 ennobl+ influ5ces ( ^! relations4 ,x is a great wrong1 none c conceive a great]1 ?an to trade 9 ! bodies ( m51 to higgle 9 ! m>ket-place ab\t ! price ( our bro!r1 to traffic 9 our si/]'s fle% & bones z m]*&ise4 ,slavehold+1 z x mo/ g5]ally exi/s1 d>k5s ! m9d1 dead5s ! s\l1 & brutalizes ! affections1 ( its victims4 ,x is c>efully plann$ & delib]ately execut$ murd] ( ! s\l4 ,no human he>t exi/s1 unw>p$ by self-int]e/1 t does n respond to ! poor slave's call = help4 ,we ne$ no new revelation f ,heav51 we ne$ no book to tell u1 t x w\ld be wrong = any "o to d>k5 our m9ds1 to dead5 our s\ls1 to brutalize our affections4 ,no m d we ne$1 a new revelation f ,heav5 to conv9ce u1 t all m5 are bre?r52 t ! slave :o toils on ! ,l\isiana plantation is no less our neighbor ?an ! fri5d :om we h kn[n & lov$ f boyhood2 & t we %\ld love ! slaves z ourselves1 n ) t b>r5 love :i* consi/s 9 sav+ _! s\ls by imp>t+ to !m a /ill m b>r5 cre$1 b t love :i* nev] we>ies1 & :i* sacrifices its own = ano!r's good4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,slavehold+ ,,always ,,wrong4 ,no seem+ ( logic c ev] conv9ce ! ,am]ican p1 t ?\s&s ( our slavehold+ bre?r5 are n excell5t1 humane1 & ev5 ,*ri/ian m51 fe>+ ,god1 & keep+ 8 comm&m5ts4--,rev4 ,dr4 ,joel ,p>k]4 ,x rema9s = u to consid] ! special cases 9 :i* slavehold+ is ?\ght by _m to be "r4 ,all slavehold]s are n actors 9 ! cruel sy/em :i* we h j describ$4 ,!re are 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 we are ready to believe1 ?\s&s :o disreg>d ! laws1 :o treat _! slaves z humanely z is possible1 :o cultivate to a consid]able ext5t _! m5tal & moral faculties1 & :o w\ld unite ) u 9 condemn+ ! b>b>ities we h be5 consid]+4 ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,ri*>d ,full]1 ( ,beau=t1 ,s4,c4 ?us describes ! condition ( 8 slaves 7,dome/ic ,slav]y consid]$ z a ,scriptural ,in/itution1 c4 p4 #bbb2 #ahde73 ,9 a famili> correspond5ce l ?is1 ,i may be p>don$ = say+1 t1 dur+ twelve ye>s1 ,i h devot$ ! sal>y giv5 me1 :5ev] at my disposal1 to ! spiritual in/ruction ( ! slaves1 & am n[ do+ s4 ,) ref]5ce to my own s]vants1 _! condition is z good z ,i c make x4 ,!y are plac$ "u a contract1 :i* no in/rum5t 9 writ+ c\ld make m sacr$4 ,by ?is contract1 !y1 on _! "p1 p]=m n "o half ! "w done by free labor]s2 & ,i1 on my "p1 am b\nd to employ a mission>y to tea* & cate*ize !m & _! *ildr52 to provide !m a home & clo!s & provisions & fuel1 & l& to plant = !mselves2 to pay all m$ical bills2 to gu>anty to !m all ! pr(its ( _! skill & labor 9 _! own "t2 to protect !m z a gu>dian1 & to adm9i/] to ! wants ( _! *ildr51 & ( ^? t are sick & infirm & ag$4 ,su* is _! /ate2 nor h ,i any idea t !y w\ld cons5t to be remov$4 ,?is picture may be deep5$ z we please4 ,dr4 ,full]1 & e slavehold] :o is l him1 may clo!1 fe$1 & h\se 8 slaves z he does himself2 he may wat* ov] _! m5tal & moral condition ) z mu* real solicitude z he does t ( a *ild2 he may love !m almo/ ) a fa!r's love2 & yet1 not)/&+ all alleviations1 x is wrong = him to hold slaves4 ,slavehold+ is always wrong4 ,x %\ld be con/antly borne 9 m9d1 t no man c be oblig$ ei!r to become or cont9ue a slavehold]4 ,no man c make me a slavehold] or a l&hold] )\t or aga9/ my cons5t4 ,inde$1 no gift to me ( slaves or l& is p]fect1 until ,i h accept$ x4 ,no man ne$ accept an inh]itance ( slaves1 or be a slavehold] any long] ?an he pleases to be4 ,:]e ! law ( 8 ,/ate p]mits1 he may emancipate 8 slaves4 ,if manumission is actually or virtually =bidd51 he may take 8 slaves into a ,free ,/ate2 &1 by su* act alone1 !y become freem54 ,) full p[]1 !re=e1 at any mom5t to dissolve ! relation1 ,dr4 ,full] volunt>ily cont9ues to hold slaves4 ,all slavehold+ is unnecess>y1 & none is involunt>y on ! "p ( ! own]4 ,x %\ld also be borne 9 m9d1 t a slave1 "u all circum/ances1 :e!r he be c>ess$ or sc\rg$1 lov$ or hat$1 ov]work$ or und]work$1 in/ruct$ or debas$1 is ! prop]ty ( 8 ma/]1 &1 z su*1 is subject to all ! legal incid5ts ( prop]ty4 ,dr4 ,full]'s slaves are z mu* ,dr4 ,full]'s prop]ty z 8 horse1 8 wat*1 ! coat on 8 back1 or ! books on ! %elves ( 8 libr>y2 &1 z prop]ty1 _! happy1 elevat$ condition necess>ily dep5ds ^u ! accid5ts ( ,dr4 ,full]'s life1 heal?1 & weal?4 ,:5 ^! fail1 _! condition w unque/ionably be ei!r v mat]ially affect$ = ! worse1 or altoge!r *ang$4 ,&1 fir/1 if 8 weal? %\ld fail f un=ese5 calamities2 s t f afflu5ce1 x may be1 he %\ld be r$uc$ to real want1 & be unable to pay ! j claims ( 8 cr$itors2 ! latt] may satisfy _! claims by a sale ( 8 slaves4 ,no?+ b paym5t ( ! debts c\ld prev5t su* a cata/rophe4 ,equally ) 8 horses & !ological libr>y1,u 8 slaves w\ld legally con/itute a fund out ( :i* 8 cr$itors might satisfy _! claims4 ,husb& & wife1 p>5t & *ild1 ! prattl+ infant & ! old man ( sev5ty w9t]s1 might legally be plac$ ^u ! auction-block1 & sold to ! highe/ bidd]1 s+ly or 9 lots to suit1 z might seem mo/ calculat$ to advance ! int]e/ ( ! cr$itors4 ,dr4 ,full]'s pray]s & te>s w\ld avail no?+4 ,8 k9d & humane treatm5t1 cont9u$ ?r\gh s _m ye>s1 w\ld !n increase ! m>ket-value ( 8 slaves2 & t is all4 ,no?+ t he c\ld d w\ld be able to save !m f ! auction-block4 ,& :at1 "u su* circum/ances1 w\ld become ( _! m5tal1 moral1 or ev5 _! physical condition8 ,!re w\ld n be "o *ance 9 a ?\s& t all _! new ma/]s w\ld be l ,dr4 ,full]1 or t !y w\ld escape ! lot ( mo/ o!r slaves1--a /ate ( hopeless degradation6 ,does any "o say1 t1 ?\gh ! law w\ld favor su* a sale by cr$itors1 public op9ion w\ld n tol]ate x8 ,we w n /op to consid] h[ f> ! law may be reg>d$ z an index ( public op9ion4 ,we simply ask1 ,if ,*ri/ian *ur*es may sell slaves at auction1 :at may n private individuals d consi/5tly ) public op9ion8 ,we h already giv5 ! adv]tisem5t = sale by ,?omas ,n4 ,gadsd51 a bro!r1 we believe1 ( ,bi%op ,gadsd51 ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a 7,slav]y z x is1 p4 #agd71 ( a prime gang ( negroes belong+ to ! ,indep5d5t ,*ur* 9 ,*ri/ ,*ur* ,p>i%2 & we w adduce only "o o!r simil> in/ance4 ,few1 if any1 !ological bodies at ! ,s\? seem to h devot$ m "t1 att5tion1 & money to elevat+ ! moral "* ( ! slaves ?an ! ,synod ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia2 & yet ! ,bo>d ( ,directors ( its ,!ological ,sem9>y d n scruple to inve/ ! funds ( ! in/itution 9 slaves1 or to sell !m by auction 9 ord] to obta9 repaym5t ( a loan4 ,! ,savannah 7,ga47 ,republican ( ,m>* #c1 #ahde1 conta9s an adv]tisem5t1 ( :i* ! foll[+ is an extract3-- ,,w ,,be ,,sold1 on ! fir/ ,tuesday 9 ,m>*1 9 front ( ! ,c\rt-h\se1 9 ! city ( ,d>i51 ,georgia1 betwe5 ! legal h\rs ( sale1 ! foll[+ negro-slaves1 i4e4 ,*>les1 ,peggy1 ,antonett1 ,davy1 ,septemb]1 ,m>ia1 ,j5ny1 & ,isaac1 levi$ on z ! prop]ty ( ,h5ry ,t4 ,hall1 to satisfy a mortgage1 fi4 fa41 issu$ out ( ! ,m',into% ,sup]ior ,c\rt 9 favor ( ! ,bo>d ( ,directors ( ! ,!ological ,sem9>y ( ! ,synod ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia1 aga9/ said ,h5ry ,t4 ,hall4--,conditions ca%4 ,c4 ,o',,neal1 ,deputy-%]iff1 ,m4,c4 ,suppose ,dr4 ,full] %\ld become insane1 or o!rwise unfit to manage 8 own affairs4 ,su* cases (t5 occur4 ,!n ! control ( ! slaves w\ld pass ) 8 o!r prop]ty into o!r h&s4 ,:at w\ld insure _! cont9u$ m5tal & moral well-be+8 ,! law w\ld n1--public op9ion w\ld n6 ,e ?+ w\ld dep5d on ! "* ( ! legal gu>dian or tru/ee2 & ev5 ?is c\ld af=d no adequate protection4 ,! law p]mits an own] to d _m ?+s :i* x w\ld n suff] a gu>dian or a tru/ee to d4 ,! legal gu>dian ( ,dr4 ,full]'s e/ate w\ld h>dly be all[$ to suff] 8 slaves to p]=m n "o half ! "w done by free labor]s4 ,! gu>dian's rule ( conduct w\ld be ! law1 & ! common mode ( treatm5t 9 ! community4 ,if he ov]/epp$ ?is l9e1 & any pecuni>y loss %\ld be ! consequ5ce1 ! loss w\ld fall on him p]sonally4 ,h[ _m gu>dians or tru/ees w\ld be will+ to run any risk ( a crim9al prosecution or a f9e or imprisonm5t1 9 ord] to insure ! happy condition ( an!r's man prop]ty8 ,n "o 9 t5 ?\s&6 ,& yet1 unless 8 gu>dian 0 will+ to d ?is1--unless he 0 will+ to brave ! law1 & act contr>y to ! g5]al cu/oms ( society1 ,dr4 ,full]'s slaves w\ld v soon lapse into ! same degrad$ condition 9 :i* ! slaves ab\t !m commonly live4 ,no?+ w\ld be m likely ?an to f9d ,dr4 ,full]'s gu>dian adv]tis+ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3-- ,,negroes ,,to ,,hire4--,on ,w$nesday1 ! #bf? in/4 ,i w hire to ! highe/ bidd] ! negroes belong+ to ,*>les & ,rob]t ,innes4 ,,geo4 ,w4 ,,williams1 ,gu>dian4 ,,negro ,,hir+s4--,w be (f]$ = hire1 at ,capt4 ,long's ,hotel1 a numb] ( slaves1 m51 wom51 boys1 & girls1 belong+ to ! orphans ( ,george ,a%1 deceas$4 ,,ri*>d ,w4 ,,b>ton1 ,gu>dian4 ,! law =bids tea*+ slaves to read & write4 ,dr4 ,full] may disreg>d ! law1 & give 8 slaves c>eful in/ruction1 supply+ !m ) pl5ty ( books1 & all[+ !m "t to read 94 ,! law d5ies m>riage to ! slaves1 & pays no he$ to _! family ties4 ,dr4 ,full] may consecrate ) ! utmo/ c>e ! m>riage ( 8 slaves1 & sacr$ly protect _! family relations4 ,! law decl>es slaves to be1 "u all circum/ances1 saleable articles4 ,dr4 ,full] may ?9k t he treats !m z m51 & %udd] at ! ?\ght ( sell+ !m4 ,?us may he d 9 8 lifetime2 b x is appo9t$ unto all m5 to die2 & :at1 9 ! ev5t ( 8 dea?1 w become ( 8 slaves8 ,he may possibly leave a w1 bequea?+ !m1 ^u ! condition t 8 k9d & humane treatm5t %all be cont9u$1 t !y %all be taught to read & write1 t _! m>riages & family relations %all be sacr$ly respect$1 & t !y %all nev] be subject to be sold2 t is1 on ! condition t 8 legatees %all break ! law1 z he has done4 ,! only result w be1 t ! law w decl>e all su* conditions to be utt]ly void2 & ! legatees w own ! slaves1 entirely fre$ f all su* conditions4 ,! legatees w be "u no o!r re/ra9ts ?an ^? impos$ by ! law1 public op9ion1 & _! own consci5ce4 ,! latt] re/ra9t only may possibly avail ! slaves2 & _! happy condition may be cont9u$1 if all ! legatees are1 l ,dr4 ,full]1 law-defy+1 humane1 k9d-he>t$1 & above want6 ,b h[ unlikely is x t su* w be ! case6 ,h[ mu* m unlikely is x t su* a /ate ( ?+s w cont9ue6 ,& yet1 unless su* a /ate ( ?+s exi/s1 & cont9ues to exi/1 ,dr4 ,full]'s slaves mu/ inevitably become z degrad$ z ! great mass ( _! fell[s4 ,if he %\ld die inte/ate1 !n 8 slaves1 z "p ( 8 e/ate1 w\ld h to be duly adm9i/]$ on & di/ribut$ among ! heirs-at-law4 ,! adm9i/rator1 a m]e tru/ee1 c\ld n1 z we h se51 safely cont9ue ,dr4 ,full]'s plan ( managem5t2 nor c x be suppos$ t any adm9i/rator w\ld foll[ x4 ,if x became necess>y or exp$i5t 9 ord] to pay debts1 husb&s w\ld be sep>at$ f wives1 p>5ts f *ildr51 & bro!rs f si/]s4 ,! wid[ 7if any7 w\ld be entitl$ to a life-e/ate 9 "o-?ird ( ! slaves1 :i* "o-?ird w\ld be assign$ to h] 9 sev]alty1 ev5 ?\gh ?is might involve a sep>ation ( families2 = ! common law ( ! ,slave ,/ates makes ! same pr(ession z ! common law ( ,engl&1 t x favors ?ree ?+s1--life1 lib]ty1 & d[]6 ,! rema9+ slaves1 & ! rev]sion ( ^? assign$ to ! wid[1 w\ld belong to ! heirs1 & w\ld h to be equally divid$ betwe5 !m1 n divid$ by families1 or ev5 p] capita1 b s t ea* heir %\ld h an equally valuable slave-inve/m5t1 or an equal %>e 9 ! prop]ty ( ! deceas$4 ,if ! heirs %\ld be num]\s1 or ! slaves few1 s t an equal division ( !m c\ld n be ?us made1 !y w\ld h to be sold1 & _! proce$s equally divid$4 ,su* sales mu/ be common4 ,! foll[+ is tak5 f ! ,georgia ,j\rnal3-- ,,to ,,be ,,sold1--,"o negro-girl1 ab\t #ah mon?s old1 belong+ to ! e/ate ( ,william ,*amb]s1 deceas$4 ,sold = ! purpose ( di/ribution4 ,,je?ro ,,dean1 ,executors4 ,,samuel ,,beall1 ,h[ (t5 are heirs ne$y6 ,h[ v seldom are !y actuat$ by ! same _s or gov]n$ by ! same views z _! ance/or6 ,"s ( !m might be "u age1 & legally incapable ( act+ = !mselves2 & yet "h1 z 9 ! o!r case1 unless ! wid[ & heirs-at-law %\ld be all ( full age1 ready to break ! law ( ! ,/ate1 & humane1 k9d-he>t$1 & above want1 l ,dr4 ,full]1 8 slaves c\ld n escape ! common degradation ( _! fell[s4 ,h[ extremely improbable is x t su* w\ld be ! situation ( ! wid[ & all ! heirs6 ,h[ mu* m improbable is x t su* a /ate ( ?+s w\ld cont9ue6 ,h[ mu* m likely is x t we %\ld f9d "s ( ! heirs dislik+ an inve/m5t 9 slaves1 or wi%+ to be disemb>rass$ ( _! c>e1 or desir\s to r$uce _! /ock ( negroes1 & accord+ly sell+ _! portion ( ,dr4 ,full]'s slaves at auction6 ,9 ! ,*>le/on 7,s4,c47 ,m]cury ( ,sept4 #a1 #ahdg1 we f9d ! foll[+3-- ,,= ,,sale1--,a "y & heal?y negro-woman1 ab\t #bd ye>s ( age1 ) h] two *ildr51 a boy betwe5 #e & #f ye>s1 & an infant1 #f mon?s old4 ,sold = no fault b to *ange ! prop]ty4 ,apply at ?is (fice4 ,?is is f ! ,new ,orleans ,comm]cial ,bullet9 ( ,augu/ #bg1 #ahdg3-- ,,desirable ,,virg9ia ,,h\se-,,s]vant4--,by ,be>d1 ,calh\n1 ,co4 ,saturday1 #bh? in/4 at #ab o'clock1 w be sold at auction1 at ,banks's ,arcade1 ! ,griffe s]vant1 ,lucy1 #ai ye>s2 a tru/y h\se-girl1 ( f9e "*1 wa%]1 iron]1 & ,am]ican cook1 & sews rem>kably well4 ,sold = no fault1 z h] own] is leav+ ! city4 ,fully gu>anti$ aga9/ ! vices & maladies prescrib$ by law4--,t]ms ca%4 ,act ( sale be=e ,j4 ,r4 ,be>d1 not>y public1 at ! exp5se ( pur*as]4 ,! ,national ,intellig5c] ( ,augu/ #a1 #ahdh1 conta9s ! foll[+3-- ,,valuable ,,s]vant ,,at ,,private ,,sale4--,we h = sale a valuable s]vant-girl1 ag$ ab\t #ag ye>s4 ,%e is an excell5t h\se-s]vant4 ,sold = no fault2 ! own] ab\t remov+ to ! c\ntry4 ,,ed4 ,c4 ,g4 ,f4 ,,dy]1 ,auctione]s & ,commission ,m]*ants4 ,! same pap] ( ,janu>y #bj1 #ahdd1 conta9s ! foll[+3-- ,,= ,,sale1--,two likely mulatto wom52 "o middle-ag$1 an excell5t cook1 wa%]1 & iron]1 & a good seam/ress2 ! o!r "y1 & a good seam/ress & h\se-s]vant2 & bo? capable ( do+ any "w requir$ 9 a family4 ,!y are sold on acc\nt ( ! own] n hav+ suffici5t employm5t4--,apply to ,mr4 ,h5ry ,trunnel1 ,georget[n4 ,9 ! same pap]1 ,nov4 #b1 #ahdd1 we f9d ?is3-- ,a ,,negro-,,boy ,,= ,,sale ,,or ,,hire4--,a boy1 #af ye>s old1 well-gr[n & active1 is = sale1 b n to a trad]4 ,he has be5 employ$ 9 att5d+ to horses1 driv+ a c>riage1 work+ 9 a g>d51 c4 & w be sold only because ! own] has too _m s]vants4 ,he may be _h on trial4--,apply at ,j4 ,b4 ,holmead's ,auction ,rooms4 ,! boy is n to be sold to a trad]2 b !re c be no security t ! pur*as] w n ?us sell him4 ,! ,_s ( ,lib]ty conta9s a notice1 f ,scott's ,intellig5ce ,(fice1 ( ! sale ( ?ree negro girls1 ag$ #aj1 #ai1 & #af ye>s respectively1 & a boy #ad ye>s old4 ,! notice /ates1 ,all ! above s]vants are sold = no faults1 & are j f ! c\ntry1 consign$ to me = sale by _! own]s1 :o recomm5d !m v highly2 !y wi% to r$uce _! /ock ( negroes is ! cause ( _! be+ 9 ! m>ket = sale4 ,p]haps "s "o or m ( ,dr4 ,full]'s heirs may be indebt$4 ,:at1 9 su* case1 w prev5t a cr$itor f levy+ on an undivid$ %>e ( ,dr4 ,full]'s happy slaves8 ,p]haps ! debtor may wi% to convey 8 prop]ty to tru/ees = ! b5efit ( 8 cr$itors4 ,we take ! foll[+ adv]tisem5t f ! ,national ,anti-,slav]y ,/&>d1 ,april #ae1 #ahdg3-- ,,tru/ee',s ,,sale4--,plantation & negroes 9 ,wa%+ton ,c\nty1 ,mississippi2 & ,yazoo city t[n lot & build+s4 ,on ,monday1 ! fir/ ( ,febru>y1 #ahdg1 ,i w proce$ to sell1 by virtue ( a c]ta9 de$ ( tru/1 execut$ #aj? ,may1 #ahde1 by ,?omas ,j4 ,re$1 to me1 z tru/ee1 & duly record$ 9 ! prop] c\nty1 & at ! special in/ance & reque/ ( ! cr$itors nam$ 9 said de$1 at public sale1 to ! highe/ bidd]1 = ca%1 on ! premises1 ! foll[+ describ$ l&s1 situat$1 ly+1 & be+ 9 ! c\nty ( ,wa%+ton1 & ,/ate ( ,mississippi1 & describ$ z foll[s1 to wit3-- ,section ,no4 #c1 c4 c4 ,also "o undivid$ half ( ! foll[+ nam$ negroes1 slaves = life1 held jo9tly ) ! heirs ( ,ba9e1 viz4 ,sophia1 ag$ #de2 ,nancy1 #ce2 ,que51 #dj2 ,jane1 #ai2 ,ra*el1 #aa2 ,priscella2 ,j5ny1 #fj2 ,m>ia1 #cj2 ,lydia1 #cj2 ,am&a1 #bb2 ,edna1 #cj2 ,v9a1 #cf2 ,betsy1 #ce2 ,ell51 #i2 ,peyton1 #h2 ,bob1 #d2 ,l\is1 #ae2 ,*ub1 #h2 ,horace1 #f2 ,l\isa1 #a2 ,jim1 jr4 #d2 ,m>y1 #d-a_/b2 ,h>riet1 #f2 ,dick1 #i2 ,george1 #e2 ,billy1 #ej2 ,john ,br[n1 #cf2 ,alex&]1 #dj2 ,l\is ,johnson1 #fb2 ,hatton1 #ce2 ,jim1 s54 #db2 ,frank1 #ej2 ,john1 jr4 or ,little ,john1 #af2 ,john ,mit*ell1 #dg2 ,l\is ,davis1 #dj2 ,w>r51 #dj2 ,b51 #cf2 ,oliv]1 #dj2 ,l\is1 jr4 or ,*>les ,l\is1 #e2 ,lawson1 #ce2 ,sam1 #ai2 ,h>vey1 #ba2 ,flem+1 #f2 ,amy1 #d2 ,bonap>te1 #c2 ,ca!r9e 7,que5's *ild71 #b4 ,& fur!r1 all ! "r1 title1 & int]e/ ( said ,re$ 9 & to ! foll[+ nam$ slaves1 to wit1 ,h5ny & h] ?ree *ildr51 ,dick1 ,jane1 & ,pet]2 toge!r ) all ! /ock ( horses1 cattle1 mules1 hogs1 & f>m+ implem5ts app]ta9+ to said tracts ( l&1 :i* is believ$ to be an entire e/ate 9 fee4 ,! above sale w be = ca%1 & ,i w convey to ! pur*as] only su* title z is ve/$ 9 me by said de$ ( tru/4 ,w4 ,s4 ,,mott4 ,no po/ponem5t on acc\nt ( ! wea!r4 ,o!r cases might d\btless be put2 b ^! are suffici5t to enable u to te/ ! "q ( "r & wrong4 ,& no labor$ argum5t is necess>y4 ,dr4 ,full] admits 7:at we h already prov$7 t slavehold+ is mo/ g5]ally wrong1 because x is accompani$ by ! m5tal & moral degradation ( ! slaves4 ,b1 by volunt>ily reta9+ ! own]%ip ( 8 slaves1 he r5d]s j su* a degradation almo/ inevitable ev5 = !m4 ,)\t ! slighte/ necessity = s do+1 & solely because he wi%es s to d1 he r5d]s almo/ c]ta9 ! hopeless degradation ( 8 fell[-man4 ,su* conduct _c be "r1 ev5 ?\gh 7z d\btless 9 8 case7 pursu$ f "r motives4 ,no "o has ! "r unnecess>ily to imp$e our spiritual or m5tal culture1 ev5 9 ! slighte/ degree1--mu* less unnecess>ily to expose u1 almo/ c]ta9ly1 to hopeless degradation4 ,no m h we ! "r1 by hold+ our fell[s 9 slav]y1 to r5d] almo/ inevitable ! dea? ( _! s\ls4 ,slavehold+1 !n1 is always wrong1 because x ei!r delib]ately murd]s ! s\ls ( its victims1 or else r5d]s su* spiritual dea? almo/ inevitable4 ,nor is slavehold+ ev] made "r by ! fact t ! slaves w n cons5t to be emancipat$2 = no man c rightfully cons5t to 8 own degradation4 ,:at man w\ld cons5t to become ev5 ! favor$ slave ( ,dr4 ,full]8 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,! ,,con/itution ,,& ,,its ,,int]pretation4 ,! ,con/itution is n :at x ought to be1 n :at we wi% x to be2 n :at is consi/5t ) s\nd morals1 b simply :at its words meant 9 #aghi1--no?+ m1 no?+ less4 ,! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 drawn up by a ,conv5tion1 ( :i* ,wa%+ton 0 presid5t4 ,! p1 assembl$ 9 _! ,/ate ,conv5tions1 adopt$ ! draft1 because x aptly express$ ! k9d ( union !y wi%$ to h1 because x fully & exactly express$ _! mean+4 ,9 ord]1 !re=e1 to asc]ta9 ! "* ( our political union ) ! ,slave ,/ates1 we h only to asc]ta9 ! true mean+ ( ! words ( ! ,con/itution1 or _! pla91 obvi\s1 & common mean+1 at ! "t ! ,con/itution 0 adopt$4 ,e writ] :o wi%es to be und]/ood uses 8 words 9 _! usual signification4 ,e "o supposes t we mean j :at our words commonly mean n[4 ,:5 we read ,*auc]1 or ,%akspe>e1 or ,dr4 ,johnson1 we und]/& him to mean j :at 8 words commonly meant at ! "t he wrote1 unless su* mean+ is repell$ or qualifi$ by ! context1 9 :i* case we adopt ?is new or qualifi$ mean+4 ,9 l mann]1 ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates are to be und]/ood to mean1 by ! words ( ! ,con/itution1 j :at ^? words commonly meant :5 ! ,con/itution 0 adopt$1 unless su* mean+ is repell$ or qualifi$ by ! context2 9 :i* case1 a reg>d = tru? obliges u to adopt ?is new or qualifi$ mean+4 ,?is simple1 true1 & univ]sally practis$ rule is ?us laid d[n by ,judge ,/ory 7,comm4 on ,con/4 ,abr4 ,sec4 #baj73-- ,e ^w employ$ 9 ! ,con/itution is to be exp\nd$ 9 its pla91 obvi\s1 & common s5se1 unless ! context furni%es "s gr\nd to control1 qualify1 or enl>ge x4 ,con/itutions are n design$ = metaphysical or logical subtleties1 = niceties ( expression1 = critical propriety1 = elaborate %ades ( mean+1 or = ! ex]cise ( philosophical acut5ess or juridical rese>*4 ,!y are in/rum5ts ( a practical nature1 f\nd$ on ! common bus9ess ( human life1 adapt$ to common wants1 design$ = common use1 & fitt$ = common und]/&+s4 ,! p make !m2 ! p adopt !m2 ! p mu/ be suppos$ to read !m1 ) ! help ( common s5se2 & _c be presum$ to admit 9 !m any recondite mean+1 or any extraord9>y gloss4--,sec4 #bab3 ,:]e te*nical words are us$1 ! te*nical mean+ is to be appli$ to !m1 unless x is repell$ by ! context4 ,b ! same ^w (t5 possesses a te*nical & a common s5se4 ,9 su* a case1 ! latt] is to be pref]r$1 unless "s att5dant circum/ance po9ts cle>ly to ! =m]4 ,! ,con/itution 0 also fram$ & adopt$ ) ref]5ce to ! actual political1 social1 & local condition ( ! p4 ,x grew out ( _! wants & wi%es4 ,! /eps :i* f9ally l$ to its adoption grew out ( "o ( ! _m defects 9 ! articles ( conf$]ation4 ,consequ5tly1 to arrive at ! true mean+ ( ! ,con/itution1 we mu/ be> 9 m9d ! political1 social1 & local condition ( ! p at ! "t ( its adoption1 &1 among _m o!r simil> facts1 ! v g5]al exi/5ce ( dome/ic slav]y4,v ,keep+ 9 view ^!1 ! v simple/ rules ( int]pretation1 we w %[ :at ! ,con/itution is accord+ to ! common mean+ ( its t]ms2 :at its fram]s int5d$ to make x2 :at1 9 po9t ( fact1 x has be5 consid]$ to be 9 ! practice ( ! gov]nm5t2 &1 f9ally1 :at x has be5 adjudg$ to mean by t body :i* x has itself po9t$ out z ! f9al arbit] ( its mean+4 ,&1 if all ^! unite 9 giv+ ! ,con/itution b "o "*1 we1 z reasonable m51 seek+ ! tru?1 _c d5y t su* is its true "*4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,! ,,con/itution ,,accord+ ,,to ,,! ,,common ,,mean+ ,,( ,,its ,,t]ms4 ,! p made x1 ! p adopt$ x1 ! p mu/ be suppos$ to read x ) ! help ( common s5se1 & _c be presum$ to admit 9 x any hidd5 or extraord9>y mean+4 ,at ! "t ( ! adoption ( ! ,con/itution1 slav]y exi/$ 9 all ! ,/ates except ,massa*usetts4 ,h[ f>1 if at all1 does ?is in/rum5t support or c\nt5ance ! in/itution8 ,art4 #a1 sec4 #b3 ,repres5tatives & direct taxes %all be apportion$ among ! sev]al ,/ates :i* may be includ$ )9 ?is union1 accord+ to _! respective numb]s1 :i* %all be det]m9$ by add+ to ! :ole numb] ( free p]sons1 includ+ ^? b\nd to s]vice = a t]m ( ye>s1 & exclud+ ,indians n tax$1 ?ree-fif?s ( all o!r p]sons4 ,by ?is section1 p]sons are divid$ into ^? :o are free & ^? :o are slaves2 = to ! :ole numb] ( free p]sons are to be add$ ?ree-fif?s ( all o!r p]sons1 t is1 p]sons n free1 or slaves4 ,if we adopt ! pla91 obvi\s1 & common mean+ ( ! words z _! true mean+1 ?is conclusion is incontrov]tible4 ,x is sometimes urg$1 t by free p]son is meant citiz54 ,b ! expression _c be tak5 9 any su* te*nical s5se4 ,"u ! expression free p]sons are includ$ ^? b\nd to s]vice = a t]m ( ye>s1 & !re=e f x are exclud$ ^? b\nd to s]vice = life1 or slaves4 ,?is article1 !re=e1 recognizes slav]y z explicitly z if ! ^w slave itself _h be5 us$1 & gives to ! free p]sons 9 a ,slave ,/ate1 solely because !y are slavehold]s1 a l>g] repres5tation1 & consequ5tly great] political p[]1 ?an ! same numb] ( free p]sons 9 a ,free ,/ate4 ,a ,,b\nty ,,on ,,slavehold+6 ,art4 #a1 sec4 #i3 ,! migration or importation ( su* p]sons z any ( ! ,/ates n[ exi/+ %all ?9k prop] to admit1 %all n be prohibit$ by ! ,congress prior to ! ye> "o ?\s& eight hundr$ & eight2 b a tax or duty may be impos$ on su* importation1 n exce$+ t5 doll>s = ea* p]son4 ,x is cle> t ?is section recognizes a diff]5ce betwe5 ! mean+ ( migration & importation1 s9ce1 if bo? words mean ! same ?+1 no reason :atev] c be assign$ :y a tax is n p]mitt$ 9 bo? cases4 ,?is diff]5ce1 :atev] x is1 mu/ af=d a good reason :y p]sons import$ may be tax$1 & p]sons migrat+ n4 ,! true mean+ ( ! section seems obvi\s4 ,a p]son :o migrates does s ( 8 own accord3 he _c be said to be migrat$ by any o!r p]son4 ,he is :olly a free ag5t4 ,a p]son :o is import$ does n import himself1 b is import$ by "s o!r p]son4 ,he is passive4 ,! import] is ! free ag5t2 ! p]son import$ is n a free ag5t4 ,?us ! slave-laws ( ,virg9ia ( #agdh,w & #agec,x beg9--,all p]sons :o h be5 or %all be import$1 c4 c4 %all be acc\nt$ & be slaves4 ,:5ev] we he> an importation spok5 (1 we in/antly inf] an import]1 an own]1 & prop]ty import$4 ,?is di/9ction betwe5 ! mean+ ( ! two words is1 !n1 real4 ,x af=ds a good reason = ! re/riction on ! "r to tax4 ,!re=e1 we say1 x is ! true di/9ction4 ,on our con/ruction1 ,congress _h p[] to lay a tax on p]sons import$ z prop]ty or slaves1 b _h no "r to tax free p]sons migrat+4 ,by ?is clause1 !re=e1 ,congress 0 prev5t$1 dur+ tw5ty ye>s1 f prohibit+ ! =eign slave-trade ) any ,/ate t pleas$ to all[ x4 ,b1 by ,art4 #a1 sec4 #h1 ,congress _h ! g5]al p[] to regulate comm]ce ) =eign nations4 ,consequ5tly1 ! slave-trade 0 except$ f ! op]ation ( ! g5]al p[]1 ) a view to place ! slave-trade1 dur+ tw5ty ye>s1 solely "u ! control ( ! ,slave ,/ates4 ,x c\ld n be :olly /opp$1 s long z "o ,/ate wi%$ to cont9ue x4 ,x is a cle> compromise 9 favor ( slav]y4 ,true1 ! compromise 0 a tempor>y "o2 b x w be notic$1 t ,congress1 ev5 aft] #ahjh1 0 n oblig$ to prohibit ! trade2 &1 9 po9t ( fact1 until #ahai ! laws ( ,congress au?oriz$ ! ,/ates to sell into slav]y1 = _! own b5efit1 negroes import$ contr>y to ! laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates6 7,act ,congr4 #ahjg1 c4 #gg1 ,sec4 #d1 #f2 #ahah1 c4 #hf1 ,sec4 #e & #g2 #aj ,:eat4 ,rep4 #cba1 #cbb47 ,s unmix$ %\ld be our satisfaction at ! (t-repeat$ boa/1 t ours 0 ! fir/ nation to prohibit ! ,african slave-trade6 ,art4 #d1 sec4 #b3 ,no p]son held to s]vice or labor 9 "o ,/ate1 "u ! laws !re(1 escap+ into ano!r1 %all1 9 consequ5ce ( any law or regulation !re91 be dis*>g$ f su* s]vice or labor2 b %all be deliv]$ up1 on claim ( ! p>ty to :om su* s]vice or labor may be due4 ,! "t ( hold+ n be+ limit$1 ! expression "h us$ mu/ include n only p]sons held to s]vice or labor = a t]m ( ye>s1 b also ^? held to s]vice or labor = life4 ,consequ5tly1 x includes ^? :o are free p]sons )9 ! mean+ ( ,art4 #a1 sec4 #b1 & slaves or p]sons held to s]vice or labor = life4 ,t ! expression p]son held to s]vice or labor 0 a correct def9ition ( ! condition ( a slave1 at ! "t ! ,con/itution 0 adopt$1 is evid5t4 ,! six? article ( ! ,nor?-we/]n ord9ance reads ?us3 ,!re %all be nei!r slav]y nor involunt>y s]vitude 9 ! said t]ritory1 o!rwise ?an 9 ! puni%m5t ( crimes1 :]e( ! p>ty %all h be5 duly convict$2 provid$ always1 t1 any p]son escap+ into ! same1 f :om labor or s]vice is lawfully claim$ 9 any "o ( ! orig9al ,/ates1 su* fugitive may be lawfully reclaim$1 & convey$ to ! p]son claim+ 8 or h] labor or s]vice z a=esaid4 ,9 o!r words1 ! expression a p]son f :om labor or s]vice is lawfully claim$ s correctly describ$ ! condition ( a slave1 t ,congress deem$ x necess>y to except su* p]sons f ! op]ation ( an article relat+ only to slaves4 ,9 less ?an ?ree mon?s aft] ! passage ( ?is ord9ance1 ?is clause 9 ! ,con/itution 0 draft$4 ,x ne$s no argum5t to %[1 t ! expression 9 ! ,con/itution means ! same z t 9 ! ord9ance4 ,a p]son f :om labor or s]vice is lawfully claim$ 9 any "o ( ! orig9al ,/ates means ! same z a p]son held to s]vice or labor 9 "o ,/ate "u ! laws !re(4 ,if ! =m] correctly describ$ ! condition ( a slave1 ! latt] did also4 ,we c1 h[ev]1 see t ! expression does prop]ly describe ! legal condition ( a slave4 ,a slave1 ?\gh an article ( prop]ty1 has always & 9 e ,/ate be5 recogniz$ z a p]son1 by be+ held crim9ally responsible = 8 acts4 ,?us ! preamble to ! ,act ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a 7,may #aj1 #agdj2 #a ,grimke's ,laws1 #afe71 :i* provides = ! trial ( slaves1 recites t natural ju/ice =bids t any p]son1 ( :at condition soev]1 %\ld be condemn$ unhe>d2 & ! ,act ( ,georgia ( #aggj 7,pr9ce's ,dig4 #ggg7 provides = ! trial ( slaves & o!r p]sons4 ,! ,act ( ,virg9ia 7#agdh1 sec4 #ae2 #e ,h54 ,/at4 #edg7 & ,nor? ,c>ol9a 7#agda1 sec4 #bi2 ,ir$ell1 ,/at4 #fb-ff7 call runaway slaves p]sons 9 s _m words4 ,simil> laws might be cit$1 if deem$ necess>y4 ,a slave is also held to labor & s]vice = life by law4 ,labor & s]vice are ! lot ( e slave4 ,to slave means to toil4 ,x is sometimes d5i$1 b nev]!less x is true1 t ! law recognizes t labor & s]vice are legally due f ! slave to 8 ma/]4 ,?us ! ,act ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a 7#agda1 sec4 #bg71 be=e quot$1 makes x a crim9al (f5ce to tempt or p]suade a slave to leave 8 ma/]'s s]vice4 ,s]vice is recogniz$ z be+ legally due f a slave 9 ,virg9ia 7,act #afia1 #c ,h54 ,/at4 #hf1 #hg74 ,! ,prov9cial ,assembly ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a 7,act #agdj1 sec4 #dd7 provid$ t1-- ,if any own] ( slaves1 or o!r p]son :o %all h ! c>e1 managem5t1 or ov]see+ ( any slaves1 %all "w1 or put any su* slave or slaves to labor1 m ?an fifte5 h\rs 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 f ! tw5ty-fif? day ( ,m>* to ! tw5ty-fif? day ( ,septemb]1 or m ?an f\rte5 h\rs 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 f ! tw5ty-fif? day ( ,septemb] to ! tw5ty-fif? day ( ,m>*1 e su* p]son %all =feit any sum n exce$+ tw5ty p\nds1 nor "u five p\nds1 curr5t money = e "t he1 %e1 or !y %all (f5d h]e91 at ! discretion ( ! ju/ice be=e :om ! compla9t %all be made4 ,! ,prov9cial ,assembly ( ,georgia 7,act #aggj1 ,may #aj1 sec4 #da7 provid$ t1-- ,if any p]son %all1 on ! ,"l's day1 commonly call$ ,sunday1 employ any slave 9 any "w or labor 7works ( absolute necessity & ! necess>y occasions ( ! family only except$71 e p]son s (f5d+ %all =feit & pay ! sum ( t5 %ill+s = e slave he1 %e1 or !y %all s cause to "w or labor4 ,a simil> law 0 pass$ 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a 7,act #agdj1 sec4 #bb74 ,^! & simil> laws1 by limit+ ! h\rs ( daily "w & labor1 or by provid+ t "w & labor %all n be dem&$ ( a slave on ,sunday1 recognize t on o!r days1 & )9 c]ta9 h\rs1 a ma/] may legally dem& !m4 ,t :i* may be legally dem&$ is legally due4 ,!re=e1 "w & labor1 or s]vice1 are legally due f ! slave to 8 ma/]4 ,to ?is labor & s]vice ! slave is held by ! law4 ,if he refuses to "w1 8 ma/] may co]ce him4 ,if he runs away1 8 ma/] may pursue & retake him legally4 ,he is held = life1 or until emancipat$ accord+ to law4 ,consequ5tly1 ! expression 9 ! ,con/itution correctly describes ! condition ( a slave4 ,inde$1 x m correctly describes ?is condition ?an *attel p]sonal w\ld1 because x is ! almo/ univ]sal practice to treat a slave 9 _m important p>ticul>s1 su* z d[]1 c4 l real prop]ty2 &1 9 "s ,/ates1 slaves are decl>$ by /atute to be real e/ate4 ,by ?is section1 !re=e1 x is provid$ t no p]son held z a slave 9 "o ,/ate "u ! laws !re(1 escap+ into ano!r1 %all1 9 consequ5ce ( any law or regulation !re91 be dis*>g$ f 8 slav]y1 b %all be deliv]$ up on claim ( 8 own]4 ,! laws ( "o ,/ate1 :e!r !y support slav]y or any o!r in/itution1 h no p[] 9 ano!r ,/ate4 ,consequ5tly1 if a slave escapes into a ,free ,/ate1 he becomes free4 ,?is is ! g5]al rule ( law4 ,9 virtue ( x1 ?\s&s ( slaves are n[ free on ! soil ( ,canada4 ,9 virtue ( x1 a fugitive slave f ,s\? ,c>ol9a w\ld be free 9 ?is ,/ate1 7 x n = ?is section 9 ! ,con/itution4 ,b ?is section decl>es t he %all n !reby become free1 b %all be deliv]$ up4 ,aga91 ! ,con/itution makes an exception f a g5]al rule ( law 9 favor ( slav]y4 ,x gives to slavehold]s1 & slave-laws1 a p[] :i* ! g5]al rule ( law does n give4 ,x enables a ,s\? ,c>ol9a slavehold] to drag f ! soil ( ,massa*usetts a p]son :om ! g5]al rule ( law pron\nces free1 solely because ,s\? ,c>ol9a laws decl>e ! contr>y4 ,x makes ! :ole ,union a va/ hunt+-gr\nd = slaves6 ,!re is n a s+le spot f ! ,atlantic to ! ,pacific1 f ! ,/4 ,john's to ! ,rio del ,norte1 or :]esoe'er may be ! fleet+ b\nd>y ( ?is republic1 on :i* a fugitive slave may re/1 & 8 own] may n1 9 virtue ( ?is clause1 claim & retake him z 8 slave6 ,art4 #a1 sec4 #h3 ,congress %all h p[] 444 to provide = call+ =? ! militia 444 to suppress insurrections4 ,art4 #d1 sec4 #d3 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates %all gu>antee to e ,/ate 9 ?is ,union a republican =m ( gov]nm5t1 & %all protect ea* ( !m aga9/ invasion2 &1 on application ( ! legislature or ( ! executive 7:5 ! legislature _c be conv5$71 aga9/ dome/ic viol5ce4 ,all insurrections & all cases ( dome/ic viol5ce are "h provid$ =4 ,to con/itute an insurrection )9 ! mean+ ( ! ,con/itution1 !re mu/ be a ris+ aga9/ ^? laws :i* are recogniz$ z su* by ! ,con/itution2 &1 to make out a case ( dome/ic viol5ce1 ! viol5ce mu/ be ex]t$ aga9/ t "r or p[] :i* is recogniz$ by ! ,con/itution z lawful4 ,b1 by ,art4 #d1 sec4 #b1 ! ,con/itution admits t "s p]sons are legally slaves2 else ! clause itself mu/ be entirely inop]ative4 ,consequ5tly1 if ^! p]sons rise 9 rebellion1 or commit acts ( viol5ce contr>y to ! laws :i* hold !m 9 slav]y1 _! ris+ con/itutes an insurrection2 su* acts are acts ( viol5ce )9 ! mean+ ( ! ,con/itution1 & consequ5tly mu/ be suppress$ by ! national p[]4 ,& :at insurrections 7 m likely to happ5 & m to be dread$ ?an slave-insurrections1 & !re=e m likely to h be5 provid$ =8 ,slave-own]s are n ! only slavehold]s4 ,all p]sons :o volunt>ily assi/ or pl$ge !mselves to assi/ 9 hold+ p]sons 9 slav]y are slavehold]s4 ,9 sob] tru?1 !n1 we are a nation ( slavehold]s6 = we h b\nd our :ole national /r5g? to ! slave-own]s1 to aid !m1 if necess>y1 9 hold+ _! slaves 9 subjection6 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,! ,,con/itution ,,z ,,its ,,fram]s ,,int5d$ ,,to ,,make ,,x4 ,yes6--x _c be d5i$--! slavehold+ lords ( ! ,s\? prescrib$1 z a condition ( _! ass5t to ! ,con/itution1 ?ree special provisions to secure ! p]petuity ( _! dom9ion ov] _! slaves4--,john ,qu9cy ,adams4 ,! "q1 ,:at k9d ( a ,con/itution did its fram]s int5d to make8 is purely an hi/orical "o2 & x mu/ be obvi\s to all1 t any ?+ l a complete /atem5t ( ! evid5ce on ?is po9t _c be giv5 )9 ! limits ( ?is pamphlet4 ,on ! #ag? ( ,septemb]1 #aghg1 ! ,philadelphia ,conv5tion adopt$ ! plan ( ! pres5t ,con/itution4 ,! draft ?us made 0 submitt$ to ! p1 assembl$ 9 ,/ate ,conv5tions1 = _! ass5t & ratification4 ,presid5t ,madison has pres]v$ a record ( ! debates 9 ! ,philadelphia ,conv5tion2 & we h also publi%$ acc\nts ( ! debates 9 sev]al ( ! ,/ate ,conv5tions4 ,we draw our evid5ce ma9ly f ^! s\rces4 ,,apportionm5t ,,( ,,repres5tatives4 7,con/4 ,art4 #a1 sec4 #b47 ,on ! #ah? ( ,april1 #aghc1 ! ,cont95tal ,congress pass$ a resolve1 recomm5d+ ! ,/ates to am5d ! ,articles ( ,conf$]ation 9 su* mann] t ! national exp5ses %\ld be defray$ out ( a common treasury1 :i* %all be suppli$ by ! sev]al ,/ates1 9 proportion to ! :ole numb] ( :ite or o!r free inhabitants1 ( e age1 sex1 & condition1 includ+ ^? b\nd to s]vitude = a t]m ( ye>s1 & ?ree-fif?s ( all o!r p]sons n compreh5d$ 9 ! =ego+ description1 except ,indians1 n pay+ taxes1 9 ea* ,/ate4 ,?is am5dm5t 0 adopt$ by elev5 out ( ! ?irte5 ,/ates4 ,a s+le glance is suffici5t to satisfy any "o1 t1 "u ! expression 9 ?is resolve1 all o!r p]sons1 slaves 7 int5d$2 & an equally cursory glance suffices to %[1 t ,art4 #a1 sec4 #b1 ( ! ,con/itution is d]iv$1 almo/ copi$1 f ?is resolve4 ,did n ! fram]s ( ! ,con/itution1 9 adopt+ ! same expression 7,art4 #a1 sec4 #b71 mean ! same ?+ z ! ,cont95tal ,congress8 ,9 ! ,massa*usetts ,conv5tion1 ,art4 #a1 sec4 #b1 ( ! ,con/itution hav+ be5 read1 ,rufus ,k+1 "o ( its fram]s1 rose to expla9 x3-- ,?is p>agraph /ates1 t ! numb] ( free p]sons %all be det]m9$ by add+ to ! :ole numb] ( free p]sons1 includ+ ^? b\nd to s]vice = a t]m ( ye>s1 & exclud+ ,indians n tax$1 ?ree-fif?s ( all o!r p]sons4 ,^! p]sons are ! slaves4 ,by ?is rule is repres5tation & taxation to be apportion$1 & x 0 adopt$ because x 0 ! language ( all ,am]ica4444 ,five negro-*ildr5 ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a are to pay z mu* tax z ! ?ree gov]nors ( ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,massa*usetts1 & ,connecticut4 ,9 ! ,new ,york ,conv5tion1 ,alex&] ,hamilton1 ano!r ( ! fram]s1 rem>k$3-- ,! fir/ ?+ object$ to is t clause :i* all[s a repres5tation = ?ree-fif?s ( ! negroes4444 ,! regulation compla9$ ( 0 "o result ( ! _s ( accommodation :i* gov]n$ ! ,conv5tion2 &1 )\t ?is indulg5ce1 no union c\ld possibly h be5 =m$4 ,9 ! ,p5nsylvania ,conv5tion1 ,james ,wilson1 ano!r ( ! fram]s1 said1 ref]r+ to ! resolve ( ! ,cont95tal ,congress pass$ 9 #aghc3-- ,x 0 n c>ri$ into effect1 b x 0 adopt$ by no few] ?an elev5 out ( ?irte5 ,/ates2 & x _c b be matt] ( surprise to he> g5tlem51 :o agre$ to ?is v mode ( expression at t "t1 come =w>d1 & /ate x z an objection on ! pres5t occasion4 ,x 0 natural1 sir1 = ! late ,conv5tion to adopt ! mode aft] x _h be5 agre$ to by elev5 ,/ates1 & to use ! expression :i* !y f\nd _h be5 receiv$ z unexceptionable be=e4 ,9 a spee* be=e ! legislature ( ,m>yl&1 ,lu!r ,m>t91 also a delegate to ! ,philadelphia ,conv5tion1 (f]s ! foll[+ cle> & unmi/akable te/imony3-- ,) respect to t "p ( ! second section ( ! fir/ article1 x 0 urg$ t no pr9ciple c\ld ju/ify tak+ slaves into computation 9 apportion+ ! numb] ( repres5tatives a ,/ate %\ld h 9 ! gov]nm5t2--t x involv$ ! absurdity ( increas+ ! p[] ( a ,/ate 9 mak+ laws = freem51 9 proportion z t ,/ate violat$ ! rights ( fre$om2--t x might be prop] to take slaves into consid]ation1 :5 taxes 7 to be apportion$1 because x _h a t5d5cy to disc\rage slav]y2 b to take !m into acc\nt 9 giv+ repres5tation t5d$ to enc\rage ! slave-trade1 & to make x ! int]e/ ( ! ,/ates to cont9ue t infam\s traffic4 ,9 ! ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,conv5tion1 ,wm4 ,r4 ,davie1 a memb] ( ! ,conv5tion :o fram$ ! ,con/itution1 said3-- ,! ,ea/]n ,/ates _h great jeal\sies on ?is subject4 ,!y insi/$ t _! c[s & horses 7 equally entitl$ to repres5tation2 t ! "o 0 prop]ty z well z ! o!r4 ,x became our duty1 on ! o!r h&1 to acquire z mu* weight z possible 9 ! legislation ( ! ,union2 &1 z ! ,nor!rn ,/ates 7 m popul\s 9 :ites1 ?is only c\ld be done by insi/+ t a c]ta9 proportion ( our slaves %\ld make a "p ( ! comput$ population4 ,9 ! ,s\? ,c>ol9a ,conv5tion1 ,g5]al ,*as4 ,c4 ,p9ckney1 ano!r ( ! fram]s ( ! ,con/itution1 said3-- ,we 7 at a loss = "s "t = a rule to asc]ta9 ! proportionate weal? ( ! ,/ates4 ,at la/ we ?\ght t ! productive labor ( ! inhabitants 0 ! be/ rule = asc]ta9+ _! weal?4 ,9 con=mity to ?is rule1 jo9$ to a _s ( concession1 we det]m9$ t repres5tatives %\ld be apportion$ among ! sev]al ,/ates1 by add+ to ! :ole numb] ( free p]sons1 ?ree-fif?s ( ! slaves4 ,,p]mission ,,( ,,! ,,african ,,slave-,,trade4 7,con/4 ,art4 #a1 sec4 #i47 ,9 ! ,massa*usetts ,conv5tion1 ,mr4 ,dawes1 speak+ 9 relation to ,art4 #a1 sec4 #b1 said t-- ,g5tlem5 w\ld d well to connect ! passage 9 dispute ) ano!r article 9 ! ,con/itution1 t p]mits ,congress1 9 ! ye> #ahjh1 :olly to prohibit ! importation ( slaves1 & 9 ! meantime to impose a duty ( t5 doll>s a head on su* blacks z %\ld be import$ be=e t p]iod4 ,_m p]sons spoke 9 ! ,conv5tion on ?is section2 &1 among o!rs1 ,judge ,dana rejoic$ t a door 0 op5$ by x = ! annihilation ( ! slave-trade4 ,9 ! ,p5nsylvania ,conv5tion1 ,mr4 ,wilson said3-- ,"u ! pres5t conf$]ation1 ! ,/ates may admit ! importation ( slaves z long z !y please2 b by ?is article1 aft] ! ye> #ahjh1 ! ,congress w h p[] to prohibit su* importation1 not)/&+ ! disposition ( any ,/ate to ! contr>y4444 ,x is ) mu* satisfaction ,i view ?is p[] 9 ! g5]al gov]nm5t1 :]eby !y may lay an int]diction on ?is reproa*ful trade4 ,b an imm$iate advantage is also obta9$2 = a tax or duty may be impos$ on su* importation1 n exce$+ t5 doll>s = ea* p]son2 & ?is1 sir1 op]ates z a p>tial prohibition4 ,x 0 all t c\ld be obta9$3 ,i am sorry x 0 no m4 ,9 ,m>yl&1 ,lu!r ,m>t91 9 ! spee* be=e ref]r$ to1 says1 speak+ ( ?is section3-- ,! design ( ?is clause is to prev5t ! g5]al gov]nm5t f prohibit+ ! importation ( slaves2 b ! same reasons :i* caus$ !m to /rike out ! ^w 'national1' & n admit ! ^w '/amps1' influ5c$ !m "h to gu>d aga9/ ! ^w 'slaves4' ,!y anxi\sly s\ght to avoid ! admission ( expressions :i* might be odi\s 9 ! e>s ( ,am]icans1 al?\gh !y 7 will+ to admit into _! sy/em ^? ?+s :i* ! expressions signifi$4 ,mr4 ,m>t9 ?us gives ! well-kn[n hi/ory ( ! compromise involv$ 9 ?is clause3-- ,?is clause 0 ! subject ( a great div]sity ( s5tim5t 9 ! ,conv5tion4 ,z ! sy/em 0 report$ by ! committee ( detail1 ! provision 0 g5]al1 t su* importation %\ld n be prohibit$1 )\t conf9+ x to any p>ticul> p]iod4 ,?is 0 reject$ by eight ,/ates2 ,georgia1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 &1 ,i ?9k1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 vot+ = x4 ,we 7 !n told by ! delegates ( ! two fir/ ( ^? ,/ates1 t _! ,/ates w\ld nev] agree to a sy/em :i* put x 9 ! p[] ( ! g5]al gov]nm5t to prev5t ! importation ( slaves2 & t !y1 z delegates f ^? ,/ates1 mu/ )hold _! ass5t f su* a sy/em4 ,a committee ( "o memb] f ea* ,/ate 0 *os5 by ballot to take ?is "p ( ! sy/em "u _! consid]ation1 & to endeavor to agree ^u "s report :i* %\ld reconcile ^? ,/ates4 ,to ?is committee also 0 ref]r$ ! foll[+ proposition1 :i* _h be5 report$ by ! committee ( detail1 to wit3 ',no ,navigation ,act %all be pass$ )\t ! ass5t ( two-?irds ( ! memb]s pres5t 9 ea* h\se2'--a proposition :i* ! /aple & comm]cial ,/ates 7 solicit\s to reta91 le/ _! comm]ce %\ld be plac$ too mu* "u ! p[] ( ! ,ea/]n ,/ates2 b :i* ^! la/ ,/ates 7 z anxi\s to reject4 ,?is committee1 ( :i* also ,i _h ! honor to be a memb]1 met1 & took "u _! consid]ation ! subjects committ$ to !m4 ,i f\nd ! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 not)/&+ _! av]sion to slav]y1 7 v will+ to indulge ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 at lea/ ) a tempor>y lib]ty to prosecute ! slave-trade1 provid$ ! ,s\!rn ,/ates w\ld 9 _! turn gratify !m1 by lay+ no re/riction on ,navigation ,acts2 &1 aft] a v little "t1 ! committee1 by a great majority1 agre$ on a report1 by :i* ! g5]al gov]nm5t 0 to be prohibit$ f prev5t+ ! importation ( slaves = a limit$ "t1 & ! re/rict$ clause relative to ,navigation ,acts 0 to be omitt$4 ,?is report 0 adopt$ by a majority ( ! ,conv5tion1 b n )\t consid]able opposition4 ,9 ! ,virg9ia ,conv5tion1 ,mr4 ,madison said3-- ,mr4 ,*airman1 ,i %\ld conceive ?is clause to be impolitic1 if x 7 "o ( ^? ?+s :i* c\ld be exclud$ )\t enc\nt]+ great] evils4 ,! ,s\!rn ,/ates w\ld n h ent]$ into ! ,union ( ,am]ica1 )\t ! tempor>y p]mission ( t trade4 ,& if !y 7 exclud$ f ! ,union1 ! consequ5ces might be dreadful to !m & to u4 ,we are n 9 a worse situation ?an be=e4 ,t traffic is prohibit$ by our laws1 & we may cont9ue ! prohibition4 ,! ,union 9 g5]al is n 9 a worse situation4 ,"u ! articles ( conf$]ation1 x might be cont9u$ = ev]2 b1 by ?is clause1 an end may be put to x aft] tw5ty ye>s4 ,!re is1 !re=e1 an amelioration ( our circum/ances4 ,a tax may be laid 9 ! meantime4 ,9 ! ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,conv5tion1 ,mr4 ,spaight1 "o ( ! fram]s ( ! ,con/itution1 said-- ,t !re 0 a conte/ betwe5 ! ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn ,/ates2 t ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 ^: pr9cipal support dep5d$ on ! labor ( slaves1 w\ld n cons5t to ! desire ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 to exclude ! importation ( slaves absolutely2 t ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia insi/$ on ?is clause1 z !y 7 n[ 9 want ( h&s to cultivate _! l&s2 t 9 ! c\rse ( tw5ty ye>s !y w\ld be fully suppli$2 t ! trade w\ld be aboli%$ !n1 & t 9 ! meantime "s tax or duty might be laid on4 ,9 ! ,s\? ,c>ol9a ,conv5tion1 ,hon4 ,rawl9s ,l[ndes said3-- ,9 ! fir/ place1 :at cause 0 !re = jeal\sy ( our import+ negroes8 ,:y conf9e u to tw5ty ye>s1 or r :y limit u at all8 ,= 8 "p1 he ?\ght ?is trade c\ld be ju/ifi$ on ! pr9ciples ( religion1 humanity1 & ju/ice2 = c]ta9ly to translate a set ( human be+s f a bad c\ntry to a bett] 0 fulfill+ e "p ( ^! pr9ciples4 ,b !y don't l our slaves1 because !y h none !mselves4 ,g54 ,*>les ,c4 ,p9ckney said3-- ,by ?is settlem5t we h secur$ an unlimit$ importation ( negroes = tw5ty ye>s2 nor is x decl>$ t ! importation %all be !n /opp$3 x may be cont9u$2 we h a security t ! g5]al gov]nm5t c nev] emancipate !m4 ,,re/oration ,,( ,,fugitive ,,slaves4 7,con/4 ,art4 #d1 sec4 #b47 ,9 ! ,philadelphia ,conv5tion1 ,aug4 #bh1 #aghg1 ,art4 #ad 0 tak5 up = consid]ation4 ,?is article read1 ,! citiz5s ( ea* ,/ate %all be entitl$ to all privileges & immunities ( citiz5s 9 ! sev]al ,/ates4 ,g54 ,p9ckney 0 n satisfi$ ) x4 ,he seem$ to wi% "s provision %\ld be includ$ 9 favor ( prop]ty 9 slaves4 ,art4 #ae 0 z foll[s3-- ,any p]son *>g$ ) treason1 felony1 or high misdemeanor1 9 any ,/ate1 :o %all flee f ju/ice1 & %all be f\nd 9 any o!r ,/ate1 %all1 on dem& ( ! executive p[] ( ! ,/ate f :i* he fl$1 be deliv]$ up & remov$ to ! ,/ate hav+ jurisdiction ( ! (f5ce4 ,?is article be+ !n tak5 up1 ! words high misdemeanor 7 /ruck out1 & ! words o!r crime ins]t$1 9 ord] to compreh5d all prop] cases2 x be+ d\btful :e!r high misdemeanor _h n a te*nical mean+ too limit$4 ,mr4 ,butl] & ,mr4 ,p9ckney mov$ to require fugitive slaves & s]vants to be deliv]$ up l crim9als4 ,mr4 ,wilson3 ,?is w\ld oblige ! executive ( ! ,/ate to d x at ! public exp5se4 ,mr4 ,%]man saw no m propriety 9 ! public seiz+ & surr5d]+ a slave or s]vant ?an a horse4 ,mr4 ,butl] )drew 8 proposition1 9 ord] t "s p>ticul> provision might be made1 ap>t f ?is article4 ,article #ae1 z am5d$1 0 !n agre$ to1 nem4 con4--,mad4 ,pap]s1 pp4 #addg-h4 ,! next day1 ,aug4 #bi1 ,mr4 ,butl]1 to accompli% 8 purpose1 mov$ to ins]t1 aft] ,art4 #ae1-- ,if any p]son1 b\nd to s]vice or labor 9 any ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 %all escape into ano!r ,/ate1 he or %e %all n be dis*>g$ f su* s]vice or labor1 9 consequ5ce ( any regulations subsi/+ 9 ! ,/ate to :i* !y escape1 b %all be deliv]$ up to ! p]son ju/ly claim+ _! s]vice or labor4 ,:i* 0 agre$ to1 nem4 con4 ,aft] ! phraseology _h be5 some:at alt]$1 on ,saturday1 ,sept4 #ae1 #aghg1 9 ?is clause 7!n ,con/4 ,art4 #d1 sec4 #b7 ! t]m legally 0 /ruck out1 & ! words "u ! laws !re( ins]t$ aft] ! ^w ,/ate1 9 compliance ) ! wi% ( "s "o :o ?\ght ! t]m legal equivocal1 & favor+ ! idea t slav]y 0 legal 9 a moral view4 ,9 ! ,virg9ia ,conv5tion1 ,mr4 ,madison said3-- ,ano!r clause secures u t prop]ty :i* we n[ possess4 ,at pres5t1 if any slave elopes to any ( ^? ,/ates :]e slaves are free1 he becomes emancipat$1 by _! laws2 = ! laws ( ! ,/ates are un*>itable 767 to "o ano!r 9 ?is respect4 ,b 9 ?is ,con/itution1 ',no p]son held to s]vice or labor 9 "o ,/ate1 "u ! laws !re(1 escap+ into ano!r1 %all1 9 consequ5ce ( any law or regulation !re91 be dis*>g$ f su* s]vice or labor1 b %all be deliv]$ up on claim ( ! p>ty to :om su* s]vice or labor may be due4' ,?is clause 0 expressly ins]t$ to enable own]s ( slaves to reclaim !m4 ,?is is a bett] security ?an any t n[ exi/s4 ,no p[] is giv5 to ! g5]al gov]nm5t to int]pose ) respect to ! prop]ty 9 slaves n[ held by ! ,/ates4 ,9 ! ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,conv5tion1 ,mr4 ,ir$ell begg$ leave to expla9 ! reason ( ?is clause3-- ,9 "s ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 !y h emancipat$ all _! slaves4 ,if any ( our slaves1 said he1 g !re & rema9 !re a c]ta9 "t1 !y w\ld1 by ! pres5t laws1 be entitl$ to _! fre$om1 s t _! ma/]s c\ld n get !m aga94 ,?is w\ld be extremely prejudicial to ! inhabitants ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates2 &1 to prev5t x1 ?is clause is ins]t$ 9 ! ,con/itution4 ,?\gh ! ^w slave be n m5tion$1 ?is is ! mean+ ( x4 ,! ,nor!rn delegates1 ow+ to _! p>ticul> scruples on ! subject ( slav]y1 did n *oose ! ^w slave to be m5tion$4 ,g54 ,p9ckney1 says ,mr4 ,madison1 0 n satisfi$ ) ,art4 #ad1 & seem$ to wi% "s provision %\ld be includ$ 9 favor ( prop]ty 9 slaves4 ,he ?us1 9 ! ,s\? ,c>ol9a ,conv5tion1 expresses 8 satisfaction at ?is article ( ! ,con/itution3-- ,we h obta9$ a "r to recov] our slaves1 9 :atev] "p ( ,am]ica !y may take refuge1 :i* is a "r we _h n be=e4 ,9 %ort1 consid]+ all circum/ances1 we h made ! be/ t]ms = ! security ( ?is species ( prop]ty x 0 9 our p[] to make4 ,we w\ld h made bett] if we c\ld2 b1 on ! :ole1 ,i d n ?9k !m bad4767 ,,suppression ,,( ,,slave ,,insurrections4 7,con/4 ,art4 #a1 sec4 #h2 ,art4 #d1 sec4 #d47 ,lu!r ,m>t91 9 ! spee* be=e allud$ to1 us$ ! foll[+ language3-- ,x 0 fur!r urg$1 t1 by ?is sy/em ( gov]nm5t1 e ,/ate is to be protect$ bo? f =eign invasion & f dome/ic insurrections3 f ?is consid]ation1 x 0 ( ! utmo/ importance x %\ld h a p[] to re/ra9 ! importation ( slaves1 s9ce1 9 proportion z ! numb] ( slaves are increas$ 9 any ,/ate1 9 ! same proportion ! ,/ate is weak5$ & expos$ to =eign invasion or dome/ic insurrection1 & by s mu* less w x be able to protect itself aga9/ ei!r1 & !re=e w by s mu* ! m want aid f1 & be a burd5 to1 ! ,union4 ,9 ! ,virg9ia ,conv5tion1 ,mr4 ,george ,ni*olas said3-- ,ano!r wor?y memb] says !re is no p[] 9 ! ,/ates to quell an insurrection ( slaves4 ,h !y x n[8 ,if !y h1 does ! ,con/itution take x away8 ,if x does1 x mu/ be 9 "o ( ! ?ree clauses :i* h be5 m5tion$ by ! wor?y memb]4 ,! fir/ clause gives ! g5]al gov]nm5t p[] to call !m out :5 necess>y4 ,does ?is take x away f ! ,/ates8 ,no2 b x gives an additional security2 =1 besides ! p[] 9 ! ,/ate gov]nm5ts to use _! own militia1 x w be ! duty ( ! g5]al gov]nm5t to aid !m ) ! /r5g? ( ! ,union1 :5 call$ =4 ,no "p ( ?is ,con/itution c %[ t ?is p[] is tak5 away4 ,mr4 ,madison1 respect+ ^! clauses1 says3-- ,on application ( ! legislature or executive1 z ! case may be1 ! militia ( ! o!r ,/ates are to be call$ to suppress dome/ic insurrections4 ,does ?is b> ! ,/ates f call+ =? _! own militia8 ,no2 b x gives !m a supplem5t>y security to suppress insurrections & dome/ic viol5ce4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,! ,,con/itution ,,accord+ ,,to ,,! ,,practice ,,( ,,! ,,gov]nm5t4 ,uni=m practice "u a law is "o ( ! highe/ pro(s ( ! mean+ ( t law4 ,,apportionm5t ,,( ,,repres5tatives4 7,con/4 ,art4 #a1 sec4 #b47 ,! ,con/itution 7,art4 #a1 sec4 #b1 p>4 #c7 provides t ! enum]ation ( ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7^u :i* ! apportionm5t ( repres5tatives & direct taxes 0 to be made7 %all be made )9 ?ree ye>s aft] ! fir/ meet+ ( ! ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & )9 e subsequ5t t]m ( t5 ye>s1 9 su* mann] z !y %all by law direct4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,m>*1 #agij1 ,george ,wa%+ton1 :o _h be5 presid5t ( ! ,conv5tion :i* fram$ ! ,con/itution1 approv$ an ,act provid+ = ! enum]ation ( ! inhabitants ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! fir/ ,congress ev] assembl$1 & ! fir/ ,presid5t ev] elect$1 "u ! ,con/itution1 "u ! sanction ( _! respective oa?s to support ! ,con/itution1 by ?is ,act express$ _! delib]ate judgm5t z to ! true mean+ ( ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 adopt+ ?is section ( ! ,con/itution4 ,:at1 9 _! judgm5t1 0 su* mean+8 ,^! extracts f ! ,act w suffice 7,act #agij1 *ap4 #bi73-- ,sec4 #a3 ,be x enact$1 c4 ,t ! m>%als ( ! sev]al di/ricts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all be1 & !y are h]eby1 au?oriz$ & requir$ to cause ! numb] ( ! inhabitants )9 _! respective di/ricts to be tak51 omitt+1 9 su* enum]ation1 ,indians n tax$1 & di/+ui%+ free p]sons1 includ+ ^? b\nd to s]vice = a t]m ( ye>s1 f all o!rs2 di/+ui%+ also ! sexes & colors ( free p]sons1 & ! free males ( sixte5 ye>s & upw>ds f ^? "u t age3 = effect+ :i* purpose1 ! m>%als %all h p[] to appo9t z _m assi/ants )9 _! respective di/ricts z to !m %all appe> necess>y1 assign+ to ea* assi/ant a c]ta9 division ( 8 di/rict1 c4 ,^! assi/ants 7 oblig$ to transmit to ! m>%als1 returns 9 mann] foll[+3-- ,! numb] ( p]sons )9 my division1 consi/+ ( ----1 appe>s 9 a s*$ule h]eunto annex$1 subscrib$ by me1 ?is ----day ( ---- #agi 4 ,a4 ,b4 ,assi/ant to ! ,m>%al ( ---- ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,names ( ,free :ite,free :ite ,free :ite,all o!r,slaves4 heads ( males ( males "u females1 free families4 sixte5 sixte5 includ+ p]sons4 ye>s & ye>s4 heads ( upw>ds1 families4 includ+ heads ( families4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,t is1 ! enum]ation direct$ to be made1 & ^u ! basis ( :i* ! con/itutional apportionm5t ( repres5tatives & direct taxes 0 to be made1 di/+ui%$ only betwe5 free p]sons & slaves4 ,congress & ! ,presid5t1 "u ! sanction ( _! oa?s1 unit$ 9 ! expression ( _! delib]ate judgm5t1 t ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 by ! expression 7,art4 #a1 sec4 #b7 ?ree-fif?s ( all o!r p]sons1 int5d$ ?ree-fif?s ( ! slaves1 because1 9 pass+ ?is ,act1 !y decl>e t all o!r p]sons n free )9 ! mean+ ( ?is section are slaves4 ,! second ,congress1 at its fir/ session1 pass$ ,an ,act = apportion+ repres5tatives among ! sev]al ,/ates1 accord+ to ! fir/ enum]ation 7,/at4 #agib1 c4 #bc74 ,! language ( ! /atute is z foll[s3-- ,sec4 #a3 ,be x enact$1 c4 ,t f & aft] ! ?ird day ( ,m>*1 "o ?\s& sev5 hundr$ & n9ety-?ree1 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives %all be compos$ ( memb]s elect$ agreeably to a ratio ( "o memb] = e ?irty-?ree ?\s& p]sons 9 ea* ,/ate1 comput$ accord+ to ! rule prescrib$ by ! ,con/itution1 t is to say1 )9 ! ,/ate ( ,new ,hamp%ire1 f\r1 c4 c4 ,t is1 ! second ,congress1 ^u an enum]ation di/+ui%+ only freem5 f slaves1 und]take to apportion repres5tatives among ! ,/ates accord+ to ! rule laid d[n 9 ! ,con/itution1 viz4 by add+ to ! :ole numb] ( free p]sons ?ree-fif?s ( ! slaves4 ,?is int]pretation1 by ! fir/ & second ,congress1 has nev] be5 v>i$ f4 ,9 e c5sus :i* has s9ce be5 tak51 ! only di/9ction sanction$ has be5 betwe5 freem5 & slaves2 &1 on e occasion ( apportion+ repres5tatives1 accord+ ! repres5tative or f$]al numb]1 su* numb] has be5 inv>iably det]m9$ by add+ to ! :ole numb] ( free p]sons1 ?ree-fif?s ( ! slaves4 ,if ?is1 ! pro-slav]y1 int]pretation ( ?is section ( ! ,con/itution is n "r1 !n1 s9ce ,m>* #c1 #agic1 !re has n be5 a s+le ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives con/itutionally elect$1 or a s+le /atute or resolve con/itutionally pass$6 ,:o is ready to make ?is admission8 ,,p]mission ,,( ,,! ,,african ,,slave-,,trade4 7,con/4 ,art4 #a1 sec4 #i47 ,on ! #ac? ( ,may #aghi1 9 ,congress1-- ,mr4 ,p>k] 7( ,va47 mov$ to ins]t a clause 9 ! bill1 impos+ a duty on ! importation ( slaves ( t5 doll>s ea* p]son4 ,he 0 sorry t ! ,con/itution prev5t$ ,congress f prohibit+ ! importation altoge!r2 he ?\ght x a defect 9 t in/rum5t t x all[$ ( su* actions2 x 0 contr>y to ! revolution pr9ciples1 & ought n to be p]mitt$2 b1 z he c\ld n d all ! good he desir$1 he 0 will+ to d :at lay 9 8 p[]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mr4 ,%]man 7( ,ct47 approv$ ( ! object ( ! motion2 b he did n ?9k ?is bill 0 prop] to embrace ! subject4 ,he c\ld n reconcile himself to ! ins]tion ( human be+s1 z an article ( duty1 among goods1 w>es1 & m]*&ise4 ,he hop$ x w\ld be )drawn = ! pres5t1 & tak5 up h]eaft] z an indep5d5t subject4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mr4 ,s*ureman 7( ,n4 ,j47 hop$ ! g5tleman w\ld )draw 8 motion1 because ! pres5t 0 n ! "t or place = introduc+ ! bus9ess2 he ?\ght x _h bett] be br\ght =w>d 9 ! ,h\se1 z a di/9ct proposition4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mr4 ,madison 7( ,va473 ,i _c concur ) g5tlem5 :o ?9k ! pres5t an improp] "t or place to ent] into a discussion ( ! propos$ motion4 ,if x is tak5 up 9 a sep>ate view1 we %all d ! same ?+1 at a great] exp5se ( "t4444 ,i conceive ! ,con/itution1 9 ?is p>ticul>1 0 =m$ 9 ord] t ! gov]nm5t1 :il/ x 0 re/ra9$ f lay+ a total prohibition1 might be able to give "s te/imony ( ! s5se ( ,am]ica ) respect to ! ,african trade4 ,we h lib]ty to impose a tax or duty ^u ! importation ( su* p]sons z any ( ! ,/ates n[ exi/+ %all ?9k prop] to admit2 & ?is lib]ty 0 grant$1 ,i presume1 ^u two consid]ations3 ! fir/ 01 t1 until ! "t arriv$ :5 !y might aboli% ! importation ( slaves1 !y might h an opportunity ( evid5c+ _! s5tim5ts on ! policy & humanity ( su* a trade2 ! o!r 01 t !y might be tax$ 9 due proportion ) o!r articles import$2 =1 if ! possessor w consid] !m z prop]ty1 ( c\rse !y are ( value1 & ought to be paid =4 ,aft] a v consid]able discussion1 9 :i* ?is section ( ! ,con/itution 0 ref]r$ to by v>i\s memb]s1 & ! con/itutionality ( ,mr4 ,p>k]'s motion admitt$1 ) ! advice ( ,mr4 ,madison 8 colleague1 ,mr4 ,p>k] cons5t$ to )draw 8 motion4 ,9 #agid1 ,an ,act to prohibit ! c>ry+ on ! slave-trade f ! ,unit$ ,/ates to any =eign place or c\ntry 0 pass$ 7,/at4 #agid1 c4 #aa74 ,9 #ahjj1 an ,act 9 addition to ! la/ 0 pass$ 7,/at4 #ahjj1 c4 #ea74 ,t bo? ^! laws 7 fram$ ) ref]5ce to ?is section ( ! ,con/itution is app>5t1 because ! latt] ,act expressly ref]s to x4 ,sec4 #f reads ?us1 ,t no?+ 9 ?is ,act conta9$ %all be con/ru$ to au?orize ! br++ into ei!r ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates any p]son or p]sons1 ! importation ( :om is1 by ! exi/+ laws ( su* ,/ate1 prohibit$4 ,9 #ahjc 7,/at4 #ahjc1 c4 #fc7 0 pass$ ,an ,act to prev5t ! importation ( c]ta9 p]sons into c]ta9 ,/ates1 :]e1 by ! laws !re(1 _! admission is prohibit$4 ,sec4 #a3 ,be x enact$1 c4 ,t1 f & aft] ! fir/ day ( ,april next1 no ma/] or capta9 ( any %ip or vessel1 or any o!r p]son1 %all import or br+1 or cause to be import$ or br\ght1 any negro1 mulatto1 or o!r p]son ( color1 n be+ a native1 a citiz51 or regi/]$ seaman ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or seam51 natives ( c\ntries beyond ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 into any port or place ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :i* port or place %all be situat$ 9 any ,/ate :i* by law has prohibit$1 or %all prohibit1 ! admission or importation ( su* negro1 mulatto1 or o!r p]son ( color1 c4 c4 ,?is ,act also is mo/ manife/ly fram$ ^u ?is section ( ! ,con/itution4 ,x r5d]s illegal ! importation ( any negro1 mulatto1 or p]son ( color1 into ,/ates prohibit+ su* importation1 unless su* negro1 c4 is a native1 citiz51 or regi/]$ seaman ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or native ( c\ntries beyond ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope2 t is1 x r5d]s illegal ! importation ( ,african negroes into any ,/ate ^: laws prohibit su* importation4 ,&1 z no ,african negro has yet be5 import$ z a free labor]1 ?is ,act 0 direct$ aga9/ ! ,african slave-trade4 ,&1 n to multiply pro(1 ! importation ( p]sons is n to be prohibit$ by ,congress prior to #ahjh4 ,on ! #b;d day ( ,m>*1 #ahjg1 ,presid5t ,jeff]son approv$ 7,/at4 #ahjg1 c4 #gg7 ,an ,act to prohibit ! importation ( slaves into any port or place )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 f & aft] ! fir/ day ( ,janu>y1 9 ! ye> ( our ,"l "o ?\s& eight hundr$ & eight4 ,t is1 at ! v e>lie/ day all[$ by ,con/4 ,art4 #a1 sec4 #i1 = ! passage by ,congress ( an ,act prohibit+ ! importation ( p]sons1 a law is pass$ totally prohibit+ ! importation ( slaves4 ,,re/oration ,,( ,,fugitive ,,slaves4 7,con/4 ,art4 #d1 sec4 #b47 ,on ! #ab? day ( ,febru>y1 #agic 7,/at4 #agic1 *ap4 #g71 !re 0 approv$ ,an ,act respect+ fugitives f ju/ice1 & p]sons escap+ f ! s]vice ( _! ma/]s4 ,?is is ! law :i*1 = ov] half a c5tury1 has prescrib$ ! modes 9 :i* a runaway slave may be retak54 ,x is :at is n[ call$ ! infam\s law ( '#ic4 ,?\s&s ( runaway slaves h ow$ _! return to _! happy condition to ! b5efic5t op]ation ( ?is law1 obvi\sly fram$1 z x is1 ) an eye to ?is con/itutional provision4 ,sec4 #c provides t1-- ,:5 a p]son held to labor 9 any ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or 9 ei!r ( ! t]ritories on ! nor?-we/ or s\? ( ! riv] ,ohio1 "u ! laws !re(1 %all escape into any o!r ( ! said ,/ates or t]ritory1 ! p]son to :om su* labor or s]vice may be due1 8 ag5t or attorney1 is h]eby emp[]$ to seize or arre/ su* fugitive f labor1 & to take him or h] be=e any judge ( ! circuit or di/rict c\rts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 resid+ or be+ )9 ! ,/ate1 or be=e any magi/rate ( a c\nty1 city1 or t[n corporate1 :]e9 su* seizure or arre/ %all be made2 &1 ^u pro( to ! satisfaction ( su* judge or magi/rate1 ei!r by oral te/imony or affidavit1 tak5 be=e & c]tifi$ by a magi/rate ( any su* ,/ate or t]ritory1 t ! p]son s seiz$ or arre/$ do?1 "u ! laws ( ! ,/ate or t]ritory f :i* he or %e fl$1 owe s]vice or labor to ! p]son claim+ him or h]1 x %all be ! duty ( su* judge or magi/rate to give a c]tificate !re( to su* claimant1 8 ag5t or attorney1 :i* %all be suffici5t w>rant = remov+ ! said fugitive f labor to ! ,/ate or t]ritory f :i* he or %e fl$4 ,,suppression ,,( ,,slave ,,insurrections4 7,con/4 ,art4 #a1 sec4 #h2 ,art4 #d1 sec4 #d47 ,an ,act to provide = call+ =? ! militia to execute ! laws ( ! ,union1 suppress insurrections1 & repel invasions1 0 approv$ ,may #b1 #agib 7,act ,con/4 #agib1 *ap4 #bh74 ,section fir/ provides t1 ,9 case ( an insurrection 9 any ,/ate aga9/ ! gov]nm5t !re(1 x %all be lawful = ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 on application ( ! legislature ( su* ,/ate1 or ( ! executive 7:5 ! legislature _c be conv5$71 to call =? su* numb] ( ! militia ( any o!r ,/ate or ,/ates z may be appli$ =1 or z he may judge suffici5t to suppress su* insurrection4 ,precisely ! same language is made use ( 9 ,/at4 #agie1 c4 #aja4 ,by ,act approv$ ,m>* #c1 #ahjg 7,/at4 #ahjg1 c4 #id71 ! ,presid5t is au?oriz$ 9 all cases ( insurrection1 :5 x is lawful = him to call =? ! militia = ! purpose ( suppress+ ! same1 to employ = ! same purpose su* "p ( ! l& or naval =ce ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates z %all be judg$ necess>y4 ,t ^! laws h be5 held to include an insurrection ( slaves is indisputable4 ,on receipt ( ! intellig5ce ( ,nat4 ,turn]'s insurrection 9 ,s\?ampton1 ,va41 ,col4 ,h\se1 !n comm&+ at ,=tress ,monroe1 set out ) ?ree companies ( ,unit$ ,/ates troops1 = ! purpose ( suppress+ ! revolt4 ,he 0 re9=c$ by a deta*m5t f ! ,unit$ ,/ates %ips ,w>r5 & ,nat*ez1 am\nt+ 9 all to ab\t ?ree hundr$ m54 ,) our troops & our (fic]s we h actually aid$ ! slavehold] 9 hold+ 8 fell[-man 9 slav]y6 ,we h actually done :at our fa!rs engag$ 9 ! ,con/itution t we %\ld d1 namely1 aid ) ! national /r5g? 9 keep+ ! slaves 9 subjection6 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,! ,,con/itution ,,accord+ ,,to ,,! ,,exposition ,,( ,,its ,,f9al ,,int]pret]4 ,! judicial dep>tm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is1 9 ! la/ resort1 ! f9al expositor ( ! ,con/itution z to all que/ions ( a judicial nature4 ,7 !re no p[] to int]pret1 pron\nce1 & execute ! law1 ! gov]nm5t w\ld ei!r p]i% ?r\gh its own imbecility1 z 0 ! case ) ! articles ( conf$]ation1 or o!r p[]s mu/ be assum$ by ! legislative body1 to ! de/ruction ( lib]ty4--,*ancellor ,k5t4 ,! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 adopt+ ! ,con/itution1 made "o /&>d1 "o fundam5tal law1 & only "o4 ,!y gave to ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates c]ta9 p[]s4 ,!y re/rict$ x z to o!rs4 ,!y plac$ c]ta9 prohibitions on ! ,/ates4 ,! ,con/itution 0 to be ! "o fundam5tal law ( ! l&1 to :i* all1 z well ,/ates z p1 %\ld submit4 ,art4 #f1 sec4 #b1 provides t ! ,con/itution & ! laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates :i* %all be made 9 pursuance !re(1 & all treaties made1 or :i* %all be made1 "u ! au?ority ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 %all be ! supreme law ( ! l&2 & ! judges 9 e ,/ate %all be b\nd !reby1 any ?+ 9 ! ,con/itution or laws ( any ,/ate to ! contr>y not)/&+4 ,:o n[ is to tell u :at ?is "o /&>d is1 to :i* all mu/ submit1 & :i* is ?us to ov]ride all ,/ate ,con/itutions & all ,/ate laws8 ,is x ! prov9ce ( ea* individual to d x8 ,!n we may h at ?is mom5t sev5te5 million diff]5t int]pretations1 & h5ce z _m diff]5t ,con/itutions1 ea* ( :i*1 h[ev]1 is ! supreme law ( ! l&6 ,are ! executive or judicial dep>tm5ts ( ! ,/ates ! prop] exp\nd]s8 ,!n1 at ?is mom5t1 we may h only ?irty diff]5t int]pretations1 tw5ty-n9e ( :i* mu/ be wrong1 because ! supreme law c be b "o4 ,9 ord]1 !re=e1 t ! end ( ! ,con/itution may be accompli%$1 t x may really be ! supreme law ( ! l&1 x mu/ h provid$ a way 9 :i* its only true mean+ may be asc]ta9$ & def9itively settl$4 ,unless x has provid$ a f9al int]pret] ( its mean+1 x is ! m]e/ folly to /yle x ! supreme law ( ! l&1 or to call on u to obey its requirem5t4 ,is ! ,con/itution ?us defici5t8 ,does x dem& uni=mity1 & at ! same "t d5y ! use ( ^? means :i* are absolutely necess>y to produce su* uni=mity8 ,does x pres5t a v>iable1 ev]-*ang+ /&>d ( duty1 & yet dem& complete uni=mity 9 practice8 ,!re are ?ree dep>tm5ts 9 ! ,gov]nm5t1 namely1 ! ,executive1 ! ,legislative1 & ! ,judicial4 ,! fir/ two ( ^! are ea*1 to "s ext5t1 supreme 9 its own sph]e2 & its acts are incapable ( revision else:]e4 ,?us1 9 measures exclusively ( a political1 legislative1 or executive "*1 x is pla91 t1 z ! supreme au?ority z to ^! que/ions belongs to ! legislative & executive dep>tm5ts1 !y _c be re-exam9$ else:]e4 ,?us1 ,congress hav+ ! p[] to decl>e w>1 to levy taxes1 to appropriate money1 to regulate int]c\rse & comm]ce ) =eign nations1 _! mode ( execut+ ^! p[]s c nev] become ! subject ( re-exam9ation 9 any o!r tribunal4 ,s1 ! p[] to make treaties be+ confid$ to ! ,presid5t & ,s5ate1 :5 a treaty is prop]ly ratifi$1 x becomes ! law ( ! l&1 & no o!r tribunal c ga9say its /ipulations4 ,yet cases may readily be imag9$1 9 :i* a tax may be laid1 or a treaty made1 ^u motions & gr\nds :olly beside ! int5tion ( ! ,con/itution4 ,! rem$y1 h[ev]1 9 su* cases is solely by an appeal to ! p at ! elections1 or by ! salut>y p[] ( am5dm5t provid$ by ! ,con/itution itself4 ,b1 :]e ! "q is ( a diff]5t nature1 & capable ( judicial inquiry & decision1 !re x admits ( a v diff]5t consid]ation4 ,! decision !n made1 :e!r 9 favor or aga9/ ! con/itutionality ( ! ,act1 by ! ,/ate or by national au?ority1 by ! legislature or by ! executive1 be+ capable 9 its own nature ( be+ br\ght to ! te/ ( ! ,con/itution1 is subject to judicial revision4 ,x is 9 su* cases1 z we conceive1 t !re is a f9al & common arbit] provid$ by ! ,con/itution itself1 to ^: decisions all o!rs are subord9ate2 & t arbit] is ! supreme judicial au?ority ( ! c\rts ( ! ,union 7,/ory1 ,comm4 ,con/4 sec4 #cgd1 #cge72 = ! ,con/itution decl>es1 ,art4 #c1 sec4 #b1 t ! judicial p[] %all ext5d to all cases 9 law & equity aris+ "u ?is ,con/itution1 ! laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & treaties made1 or :i* %all be made1 "u _! au?ority1 c4 ,& ,art4 #c1 sec4 #a3 ,! judicial p[] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all be ve/$ 9 "o supreme c\rt1 & 9 su* inf]ior c\rts z ! ,congress may f "t to "t orda9 & e/abli%4 ,^! con/itutional provisions are cle>4 ,! ,con/itution & laws & treaties ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates are decl>$ to be ! supreme law ( ! l&4 ,to exp\nd :at ! law is1 is a judicial act4 ,! judicial p[] ext5ds to all cases aris+ "u ! ,con/itution1 laws1 & treaties ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x !re=e ext5ds to ! exposition ( ! ,con/itution1 laws1 & treaties1 :5 ! case be=e ! c\rt prop]ly calls = su* exposition4 ,?is judicial p[]1 & consequ5tly ?is p[] ( exposition1 x is decl>$1 %all be ve/$ 9 "o supreme c\rt1 c4 ,mo/ obvi\sly1 ! exposition giv5 by ?is "o supreme c\rt _c be ov]rul$ by any o!r con/itutional p[]2 else ! c\rt is n supreme1 else ! ,con/itution is nullifi$4 ,! decision ( ! supreme c\rt is ! decision ( ! only con/itutionally au?oriz$ exp\nd] ( ! mean+ ( ! ,con/itution2 & su* exposition1 to be supreme1 mu/ be f9al4 ,:at1 !n1 has ?is f9al int]pret] decl>$ ! mean+ ( ^! clauses ( ! ,con/itution to be8 ,,apportionm5t ,,( ,,repres5tatives4 7,con/4 ,art4 #a1 sec4 #b47 ,on ! #e? ( ,june1 #agid 7,/at4 #agid1 c4 #de71 0 approv$ an ,act ( ,congress1 lay+ duties ^u c>riages = ! conveyance ( p]sons4 ,! duty 0 uni=m ?r\gh\t ! ,/ates4 ,"o ,hylton1 9 ,virg9ia1 refus$ to pay ! duty2 alleg+ t ! ,act 0 uncon/itutional1 because ! tax 0 a direct tax )9 ! mean+ ( ! ,con/itution1 & !re=e %\ld h be5 apportion$ among ! ,/ates accord+ to _! f$]al numb]s4 ,he 0 su$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & f9ally ! case came be=e ! supreme c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = decision4 ,! foll[+ extracts are tak5 f ! op9ion ( ,ju/ice ,pat]son 7,hylton v]sus ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #c ,dallas's ,reports1 p4 #agg2 #agif73-- ,i nev] ent]ta9$ a d\bt t ! pr9cipal1 ,i w n say ! only1 objects t ! fram]s ( ! ,con/itution contemplat$1 z fall+ )9 ! rule ( apportionm5t1 7 a capitation-tax & a tax on l&4 ,local consid]ations1 & ! p>ticul> circum/ances & relative situation ( ! ,/ates1 naturally lead to ?is view ( ! subject4 ,! provision 0 made 9 favor ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,!y possess$ a l>ge numb] ( slaves2 !y _h ext5sive tracts ( t]ritory1 ?9ly settl$1 & n v productive4 ,a majority ( ! ,/ates _h b few slaves2 & sev]al ( !m1 a limit$ t]ritory1 well-settl$1 & 9 a high /ate ( cultivation4 ,! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 if no provision _h be5 introduc$ 9 ! ,con/itution1 w\ld h be5 :olly at ! m]cy ( ! o!r ,/ates4 ,congress1 9 su* case1 might tax slaves at discretion or arbitr>ily1 & l& 9 e "p ( ! ,union4 ,aft] ! same rate or measure1 s mu* a head 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 & s mu* an acre 9 ! second4 ,to gu>d !m aga9/ imposition 9 ^! p>ticul>s 0 ! reason ( introduc+ ! clause 9 ! ,con/itution :i* directs t repres5tatives & direct taxes %all be apportion$ among ! ,/ates1 accord+ to _! respective numb]s4 ,page #agh3 ,! rule ( apportionm5t is ( ?is nature3 x is radically wrong2 x _c be support$ by any solid reason+4 ,:y %\ld slaves1 :o are a species ( prop]ty1 be repres5t$ m ?an any o!r prop]ty8 ,! rule1 !re=e1 ought n to be ext5d$ by con/ruction4 ,,p]mission ,,( ,,! ,,african ,,slave-,,trade4 7,con/4 ,art4 #a1 sec4 #i47 ,9 ! great case ( ,gibbons vs4 ,ogd51 #i ,:eaton's ,reports1 pp4 #bjf & #bjg 7#ahbd71 ,*ief ,ju/ice ,m>%all1 deliv]+ ! op9ion ( ! supreme c\rt1 makes use ( ! foll[+ language3-- ,! ,act pass$ 9 #ahjc 7,act ,con/4 #ahjc1 c4 #fc71 prohibit+ ! importation ( slaves into any ,/ate :i* %all itself prohibit _! importation1 implies1 x is said1 an admission t ! ,/ates possess ! p[] to exclude or admit !m2 f :i* x is inf]r$1 t !y possess ! same p[] ) respect to o!r articles4 ,if ?is inf]5ce 7 correct2 if ?is p[] 7 ex]cis$1 n "u any p>ticul> clause 9 ! ,con/itution1 b 9 virtue ( a g5]al "r ov] ! subject ( comm]ce to exi/ z long z ! ,con/itution itself1 x might n[ be ex]cis$4 ,any ,/ate might n[ import ,african slaves into its own t]ritory4 ,b x is obvi\s t ! p[] ( ! ,/ates ov] ?is subject1 previ\s to ! ye> #ahjh1 con/itutes an exception to ! p[] ( ,congress to regulate comm]ce2 & ! exception is express$ 9 su* words z to manife/ cle>ly ! int5tion to cont9ue ! pre-exi/+ "r ( ! ,/ates to admit or exclude = a limit$ p]iod4 ,! words are1 ',! migration or importation ( su* p]sons z any ( ! ,/ates n[ exi/+ %all ?9k prop] to admit1 %all n be prohibit$ by ! ,congress prior to #ahjh4' ,! :ole object ( ! exception is to pres]ve ! p[] to ^? ,/ates :i* might be dispos$ to ex]cise x1 & its language seems to ! c\rt to convey ?is idea unequivocally4 ,see also pp4 #baf1 #bag4 ,,re/oration ,,( ,,fugitive ,,slaves4 7,con/4 ,art4 #d1 sec4 #b47 ,! foll[+ extracts are tak5 f ! op9ion ( ! supreme c\rt 9 ! well-kn[n case1 ,prigg vs4 ! ,commonweal? ( ,p5nsylvania 7#af ,pet4 ,rep4 #fji1 c474 ,judge ,/ory deliv]$ ! op9ion3-- ,hi/orically1 x is well kn[n1 t ! object ( ?is clause 0 to secure to ! citiz5s ( ! slavehold+ ,/ates ! complete "r & title ( own]%ip 9 _! slaves1 z prop]ty1 9 e ,/ate 9 ! ,union into :i* !y might escape f ! ,/ate :]e !y 7 held 9 s]vitude4 ,! full recognition ( ?is "r & title 0 indisp5sable to ! security ( ?is species ( prop]ty 9 all ! slavehold+ ,/ates2 &1 inde$1 0 s vital to ! pres]vation ( _! dome/ic int]e/s & in/itutions1 t x _c be d\bt$ t x con/itut$ a fundam5tal article1 )\t ! adoption ( :i* ! ,union c\ld n h be5 =m$4 ,its true design 0 to gu>d aga9/ ! doctr9es & pr9ciples preval5t 9 ! non-slavehold+ ,/ates1 by prev5t+ !m f int]m$dl+ )1 or ob/ruct+1 or aboli%+1 ! rights ( ! own]s ( slaves4 ,page #fab3 ,if ! ,con/itution _h n conta9$ ?is clause1 e non-slavehold+ ,/ate 9 ! ,union w\ld h be5 at lib]ty to h decl>$ free all runaway slaves com+ )9 its limits1 & to h giv5 !m entire immunity & protection aga9/ ! claims ( _! ma/]s2--a c\rse :i* w\ld h creat$ ! mo/ bitt] animosities1 & eng5d]$ p]petual /rife1 betwe5 ! diff]5t ,/ates4 ,! clause 01 !re=e1 ( ! la/ importance to ! safety & security ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 & c\ld n h be5 surr5d]$ by !m )\t endang]+ _! :ole prop]ty 9 slaves4 ,! clause 0 accord+ly adopt$ into ! ,con/itution by ! unanim\s cons5t ( ! fram]s ( x2--a pro( at once ( its intr9sic & practical necessity4 ,page #fac3 ,^u ?is gr\nd1 we h n ! slighte/ hesitation 9 hold+1 t1 "u & 9 virtue ( ! ,con/itution1 ! own] ( a slave is clo!d ) entire au?ority1 9 e ,/ate 9 ! ,union1 to seize & recapture 8 slave1 :5ev] he c d x )\t any brea* ( ! peace or any illegal viol5ce4 ,9 ?is s5se1 & to ?is ext5t1 ?is clause ( ! ,con/itution may prop]ly be said to execute itself1 & to require no aid f legislation1 /ate or national4 ,page #fbe3 ,^u ^! gr\nds1 we are ( op9ion1 t ! ,act ( ,p5nsylvania ^u :i* ?is indictm5t is f\nd$ is uncon/itutional & void4 ,x purports to puni%1 z a public (f5ce aga9/ t ,/ate1 ! v act ( seiz+ & remov+ a slave by 8 ma/]1 :i* ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 design$ to ju/ify & uphold4 ,,suppression ,,( ,,slave ,,insurrections4 7,con/4 ,art4 #a1 sec4 #h2 ,art4 #d1 sec4 #d47 ,we are n aw>e ( any decision ( ! supreme c\rt ^u ! mean+ ( ^! clauses2 b x seems difficult to conceive1 t !y w\ld hold t ! ^w insurrections did n include all insurrections4 99 99 99 99 99 ,su* is ! ,con/itution accord+ to ! pla91 obvi\s1 & common mean+ ( its t]ms2 su* x 0 int5d$ to be made by its fram]s2 su* has be5 ! int]pretation con/antly foll[$ 9 ! practice ( ! gov]nm5t1 f ! "t ( its adoption until n[2 & su* x is accord+ to ! decision ( ! f9al int]pret] ( its mean+4 ,z reasonable m51 seek+ ! tru?1 we _c say t !re is ! slighte/ d\bt :atev] on ! subject4 ,,! ,,con/itution ,,v ,,mat]ially ,,supports ,,slav]y6 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,no ,,union ,,) ,,slavehold]s4 ,we w ext5d to ! slavehold] all ! c\rtesy he w all[4 ,if he is hungry1 we w fe$ him2 if he is 9 want1 bo? h&s %all be /ret*$ out = 8 aid4 ,we w give him full cr$it = all ! good t he does1 & our deep sympa?y 9 all ! temptations "u ^: /r5g? he falls4 ,b to help him 9 8 s91 to rema9 p>tn]s ) him 9 ! slave-trade1 is m ?an he has a "r to ask4--,w5dell ,phillips4 ,no wrong action c be rightfully done4 ,no wrong c be rightfully support$4 ,we c nei!r rightfully hold slaves nor support o!rs 9 slavehold+1 because1 z we h se51 slavehold+ is "u all circum/ances wrong4 ,"s ( ! provisions ( ! ,con/itution1 z we h se51 7 expressly design$ = ! purpose ( support+ slav]y1 & = ov] half a c5tury h v mat]ially support$ x4 ,consequ5tly1 ^! provisions _c be rightfully obey$ or support$4 ,x is wrong to (f] a b\nty on slavehold+1--to give ! oppressor p[] & influ5ce1 9 proportion z he tramples on ! rights ( 8 fell[-man2 x is wrong to return1 or aid 9 return+1 a fugitive slave2 x is wrong to aid 9 keep+ ! slave 9 8 fett]s4 ,^! ?+s are wrong1 & n all ! ,con/itutions & laws ( ! univ]se c make !m "r4 ,we _c1 !re=e1 rightfully obey ! pro-slav]y clauses ( ! ,con/itution4 ,if we _c rightfully obey !m ourselves1 we _c rightfully1 volunt>ily support o!rs 9 obey+ !m4 ,if x is wrong = me to return a fugitive slave1 x is wrong = me volunt>ily to aid or support ano!r man 9 do+ ! act4 ,if x is wrong = me to commit murd]1 x is no less wrong = me to h& ! pi/ol to ! assass94 ,:atev] x is wrong = u to d ourselves1 x is wrong = u volunt>ily to aid or support o!rs 9 do+4 ,consequ5tly1 x is wrong = u volunt>ily to aid or support o!rs 9 obey+ ! pro-slav]y requirem5ts ( ! ,con/itution4 ,if we _c rightfully obey !m1 x is wrong = u to promise su* ob$i5ce4 ,if x is wrong = u volunt>ily to support o!rs 9 _! ob$i5ce1 x is wrong = u to promise any su* support4 ,if x is wrong = u to return a fugitive slave1 x is wrong = u to promise to return "o4 ,if x is wrong = u volunt>ily to aid ! slave-hunt]1 x is wrong = u to promise su* aid4 ,:atev] x is wrong = u to d or aid o!rs 9 do+1 x is wrong = u to promise to d or aid o!rs 9 do+4 ,consequ5tly1 x is wrong = u to promise to support ^! con/itutional provisions4 ,we _c1 !re=e1 accept any (fice1 ei!r /ate or national1 :i* r5d]s x necess>y = u to support ^! clauses1 or to promise to support !m4 ,we _c1 !re=e1 rightfully hold any executive or judicial (fice1 ei!r /ate or national1 or become a memb] ( any ,/ate legislature or ( ,congress2 = all ^! (fic]s are oblig$ solemnly to swe> or affirm t !y w support ! ,con/itution2 & to support ! ,con/itution is to support all ( its clauses1 z well ^? :i* favor slav]y z ^? :i* d n4 ,if we take ?is oa?1 mean+ to keep x1 we d wrong4 ,if we take x1 mean+ n to keep x1 we add to our wrong1 p]jury2 = we m5tally break our oa? at ! v in/ant x passes our lips4 ,"s good m5 seek to avoid ! difficulty by say+1 ,:5 ,i swe> to support ! ,con/itution1 ,i mean ,i w support ! good clauses 9 x1 & disobey ! bad1 & submit to ! p5alty = su* disob$i5ce4 ,b su* a c\rse is n a compliance ) ! t]ms ( ! oa?4 ,y h sworn to support ! ,con/itution2 t is1 ! :ole ,con/itution1--all its clauses1--! bad z sacr$ly z ! good4 ,y\r oa? is n 9 ! alt]native1 ,i w support ! clause requir+ ! return ( fugitive slaves1 or pay five hundr$ doll>s = e slave ,i aid 9 escap+2 b simply1 )\t any qualification1 ,i w support ! side ( ! oppressor4 ,if y aid ! fugitive slave to escape f 8 ma/]1 y d n support ! latt] 9 retak+ 8 prop]ty1 m]ely by pay+ ! legal p5alty = n giv+ su* support4 ,y w\ld n support a bad law1 & yet y say y\r oa? to support x is n brok51 because y submit to ! p5alty = n support+ x4 ,! ?ief does n support ! law ( private prop]ty1 m]ely by submitt+ to ! legal puni%m5t ( 8 crime4 ,to support is to be active3 to submit is to be passive4 ,y swe> to be active1 & y d n comply ) y\r oa? by be+ m]ely passive4 ,y h sworn actively to support ! recapture ( slaves4 ,y break y\r oa?1 if y refuse to d ?is1 or d any ?+ less or diff]5t f ?is4 ,o!rs ?9k to f9d a good excuse = tak+ ! oa?1 by adopt+ ano!r alt]native1 equally unau?oriz$4 ,we w support ! ,con/itution1 say !y1 until we are call$ on to act "u any ( its bad clauses2 & !n we w resign our (fice1 & refuse ob$i5ce4 ,d\btless1 honor requires y to resign1 if y _c comply ) ! t]ms ( y\r oa?2 b :at "r h y to adopt or imag9e an alt]native 9 y\r oa? :]e ! law has made none1--:]e ! (fic] adm9i/]+ x w admit ( none8 ,:o does n see ! wide diff]5ce betwe5 an hone/ oa? to support ! return ( fugitive slaves1 & an oa? to support su* return1 b ) a firm resolve on y\r "p to refuse su* support :5 call$ on = x1 & to resign8 ,:at "r h y to take an oa? :i* y h previ\sly resolv$ n to keep1 :5 call$ on to comply )8 ,y admit t a bad clause _c be rightfully support$1 else :y d y n support x8 ,y admit t ! oa? obliges y to support ! bad clauses ( ! ,con/itution z well z ! good2 else :y d y resign1 if refusal to support ! bad clauses is consi/5t ) y\r oa?8 ,y op5ly av[1 !re=e1 t1 at ! v mom5t y swe> to support a clause1 y det]m9e nev] to support x4 ,y swe>1 & det]m9e n to keep y\r oa?6 ,su* a c\rse seems to u inconsi/5t ) ! pla9e/ rules ( hone/y4 ,we h no "r to promise to d wrong1 ev5 ?\gh we h resolv$ to d "r :5 ! "t = action %all arrive4 ,o!rs say1 ,we swe> to support ! ,con/itution z we und]/& x1 & we consid] x an anti-slav]y in/rum5t4 ,9 o!r words1 y swe> to support an int]pretation :i* is contr>y to ! pla91 obvi\s1 & common mean+ ( ! in/rum5t2 contr>y to ! int]pretation put ^u x by its fram]s2 contr>y to t foll[$ by all ! executive & legislative dep>tm5ts ( ! gov]nm5t1 f its fir/ e/abli%m5t until n[2 & contr>y to t :i* has be5 adjudg$ to be its true int]pretation by ! f9al arbit] ( its mean+4 ,( c\rse1 y int5d to support ! true mean+ ( ! ,con/itution4 ,d y really believe t ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates did n mean by _! words :at ^? words !n commonly meant8 ,d y really d\bt ! hi/orical fact ( ! humiliat+ compromise betwe5 ! delegates f ! ,s\!rn & ,ea/]n ,/ates 9 ! ,philadelphia ,conv5tion1 by :i* ! latt] und]took to b>t] ! moral s5se ( _! con/itu5ts = :at 0 suppos$ to be _! int]e/8 ,d y really believe t ! p h suff]$ _! s]vants to g on 9 ignorance ( ! true mean+ = sixty ye>s8 ,9 fact1 d y v5ture to affirm1 or d y 9 p]fect s9c]ity & tru?fulness believe1 t y\r int]pretation has ev] at any "t be5 consid]$ "r by ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or by any consid]able numb] ( !m8 ,y deceive y\rself ) words6 ,:at is ! ,con/itution8 ,n ! mean+ :i* y or ,i1 or any ?ird p]son1 may please to put ^u x2 b t mean+1 & t mean+ only1 :i* consi/s ) its be+1 :at x decl>es itself to be1 ! supreme law ( ! l&4 ,until1 !re=e1 y c %[ t ! ,con/itution may prop]ly receive z _m diff]5t int]pretations z !re are oa?s to support x1 & /ill be 9 fact ! supreme law1 ! "o1 s+le1 def9ite rule = all1 ,/ates z well z p1 y h no "r to say1 ,i w support ! pro-slav]y clauses z ,i und]/& !m4 ,to support !m 9 any o!r s5se ?an t :i* is affix$ to !m1 z ! supreme law ( ! l&1 is m]ely to evade ! true mean+ ( y\r oa?4 ,o!rs say1 ,we took ! oa? be=e we _h any ( our pres5t scruples4 ,we w\ld n take ! oa? n[2 b1 nev]!less1 we %all cont9ue 9 (fice1 & disreg>d our oa?4 ,?is excuse seems to u v objectionable4 ,h[ c y reap ! honor>y or pecuni>y advantages ( y\r (fice1 & hone/ly refuse compliance ) y\r "p ( ! b>ga98 ,:5 y took (fice1 y 7 really told1 t1 if y w\ld swe> to support ! return ( fugitive slaves1 c4 y %\ld enjoy ^! honors & ^! pr(its4 ,! consci5ti\s man1 :o1 9 /riv+ to bett] himself1 n 8 condition1 discov]s aft]w>ds t he _c rightfully aid1 or promise to aid1 ! slavehold] 9 retak+ 8 slaves1 w n ?9k ( claim+ ! rew>d :i* 0 (f]$ to him solely because he swore to give su* aid4 ,he w make ha/e to resign honors & rew>ds :i* he feels c be reta9$ only at ! price ( 8 own degradation4 ,if we _c rightfully hold any (fice1 /ate or national1 :i* requires ( u a promise to support ! ,con/itution1 x is wrong to place1 or volunt>ily aid 9 plac+1 any o!r p]son 9 su* (fice2 =1 by s do+1 we ask him to d wrong4 ,if we vote = ,horace ,mann1 by ?is act alone we say to him1 z di/9ctly z if ! words pass$ our lips1--,we wi% to elect y z repres5tative to ,congress4 ,if *os51 we expect & ask y to qualify y\rself to act z repres5tative1 by swe>+ to give slav]y all con/itutional support4 ,m]ely by vot+ = him1 we ask him to d wrong1 hop+ t good may come1 almo/ kn[+ t good w come6 ,s little fai? h we 9 ! f9al triumph ( "r & ju/ice1 by pursu+ only "r & j ways6 ,( s little consequ5ce d we consid] x1 t ! e>ne/ advocate ( fre$om %\ld comm5ce 8 holy "w by promis+ v mat]ially to /r5g!n slav]y6 ,b a %ort "t has elaps$ s9ce we read "o ( 8 mo/ eloqu5t rebukes ( slav]y4 ,our he>t beat quickly z we read 8 e>ne/ words4 ,b if1 9 ! mid/ ( 8 address1 "s slavehold] _h turn$ & ask$ him1 ,h[ happ5s x1 sir1 t y1 :o are s v e>ne/ & dis9t]e/$ 9 behalf ( ! rights ( ! slave1 h be5 will+ to swe> to support ?is t]rible wrong1 to any ext5t or = any "t8 ,& :at answ] c\ld be return$8 ,! eloqu5t tongue w\ld be palsi$6 ,surely t man :o has solemnly call$ ,god to witness t he w support ! oppressor1 _c fail1 at "s "t or ano!r1 to feel himself to be unwor?y to plead ! cause ( fre$om4 ,f9ally1 "s say1 ,?is reason+ leads to non-resi/ance4 ,y disreg>d ! fact t all human gov]nm5ts mu/ conta9 a great] or less am\nt ( evil2 & consequ5tly1 if y are ev] to support any gov]nm5t 9 all its requirem5ts1 y mu/ support evil4 ,v true is x t human gov]nm5ts & laws fall %ort ( our relative /&>d ( "r1 & always ( absolute "r4 ,:at is our duty8 ,cle>ly1 z moral be+s1 to support ! "r1 & refuse to support ! wrong2 z peaceful citiz5s1 to support ! "r1 & submit to ! p5alty ( disobey+ ! wrong4 ,no?+ m ?an ?is is requir$ ( u4 ,no?+ less ?an ?is is our duty4 ,we are n put into ! _w1 bl9dly to support all exi/+ gov]nm5tal wrongs1 until !y c be con/itutionally aboli%$4 ,we are to be true to ourselves z moral be+s4 ,if we c be true to our own s\ls & support ! gov]nm5t1 we may give su* support1--n o!rwise6 ,"r & wrong are n creatures ( agreem5t & law4 ,nei!r ! ,philadelphia ,conv5tion t fram$ ! ,con/itution1 nor ! ,/ate ,conv5tions t adopt$ x1 _h p[] to make wrong 9 ! slighte/ degree "r1 or alt] at all ! moral "* ( slavehold+4 ,"r is "r1 ! ,revis$ ,/atutes to ! contr>y not)/&+4 ,wrong is wrong1 ! ,con/itution to ! contr>y not)/&+4 ,we say1 !re=e1 we w obey ! good requirem5ts ( ! ,con/itution1 & peacefully submit to ! p5alty ( disobey+ ! bad4 ,?is is all t gov]nm5t has a "r to ask ( u4 ,in/itutions 7 made = man1 n man = !m4 ,con/itutions are ! "w ( man1 & man is to be rev]5c$ be=e 8 works4 ,we see no inconsi/5cy or impropriety 9 support+ ! sy/em ( free-trade betwe5 ! ,/ates1 & refus+ to support ! dome/ic slave-trade2 9 support+ ! pat5t laws1 & refus+ to aid 9 return+ a runaway slave4 ,we are good-gov]nm5t m51 n no-gov]nm5t m54 ,all gov]nm5ts are p>tly good4 ,all we are will+ to support 9 "p3 we w actively support ! ,con/itution & laws1 s f> z consci5ce p]mits2 we w peacefully submit to legal exaction = disobey+ ! re/4 ,our purpose is accompli%$4 ,we h %[n t we are politically unit$ ) ! ,s\? 9 ! support ( slav]y4 ,we h %[n t we %\ld con/antly be> ^u our lips1 & 9 our lives1 ! motto1 ,no union ) slavehold]s1 :]eby we are oblig$ to c\nt5ance or support slav]y4 ,we desire to see a union among ! ,/ates1 b n a slavehold+ union6 ,a union ( freem51 & ,free ,/ates = ! sake ( fre$om1 no "o w\ld m readily support ?an we4 ,b a union l ours1 ( freem5 & slavehold]s1 ( ,free ,/ates & ,slave ,/ates1 = ! sake 9 "p ( secur+ prop]ty 9 slaves1 is demoraliz+ 7h[ demoraliz+ has x be567 to bo? p>ties1 & %\ld receive1 z x d\btless at no di/ant day w receive1 ! condemnation ( ! wise & good4 ,9 ! meantime1 x ought n1 & x w n1 receive ei!r our respect or our volunt>y support4 ,,footnotes3 ,a ,mr4 ,clapp is said to h *ang$ 8 op9ions s9ce #ahch4 ,we hope he has4 ,b he has n favor$ ! _w ) any /atem5t ( :at 8 *ange consi/s 94 ,! /atem5t :i* rec5tly appe>$ 9 ! ,picayune1 ev5 if reliable1 %[s t ,mr4 ,clapp _h *ang$ 8 op9ion some:at1 b n ess5tially1 z x seems to u4 ,b ,we quote f ,mr4 ,jones's "w j ref]r$ to4 ,8 "w conta9s a summ>y ( all t has be5 done = ! religi\s in/ruction ( ! negroes f _! fir/ introduction "h2 an acc\nt ( _! actual moral condition1 & :at he ?9ks %\ld be done = _! elevation4 ,8 te/imony is unimpea*able1 & is ( ! v highe/ au?ority4 ,our fai? 9 8 s9c]ity is sometimes tri$1 :5 we read language l ?is appli$ to ! adult slave1 p4 #aag3 ,he m>ries & settles 9 life2 8 *ildr5 gr[ up ar\nd him1 & tread 9 8 foot/eps1 z he did 9 ! foot/eps ( 8 fa!r be=e him4 ,= a loan ( ?is book we are indebt$ to ! k9dness ( our fri5d1 ,william ,lloyd ,g>rison4 ,c ,s&y ,j5k9s tri$ to impress ,d\glass ) ! belief1 t if he w\ld always c>ry a root :i* he gave him1 on 8 "r side1 x w\ld r5d] x impossible = any :ite man to :ip him 7,n>rative1 p4 #gj74 ,& be=e ,wm4 ,w4 ,br[n made 8 la/ successful ef=t to escape1 he paid ! old slave =tune-tell]1 ,frank1 tw5ty-five c5ts = 8 advice4 ,d ,if !y make y p>tak]s ( _! temporal ?+s 7( _! /r5g? & spirits1 & ev5 ( _! (fspr+71 y ought to make !m p>tak]s ( y\r spiritual ?+s4--,bi%op ( ,london 9 #agbg 7,jones1 p4 #bj74 ,e ,h[ c>efully does ,mr4 ,jones tea* ! slaves to se>* ! ,scriptures6 7,cate*ism1 p4 #ajc47 ,q4 ,is n our duty1 on ! sabba?1 to g to ! h\se ( ,god1 to ! meet+ = pray]1 to ! sabba?-s*ool1 & :]ev] we may wor%ip ,god & le>n 8 w8--,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,:at 0 done ) ! man t ga!r$ /icks on ! sabba?-day1 n c>+ = ,god's comm&m5t8--,a4 ,he 0 /on$4 ,q4 ,is sabba?-break+ a great s9 9 ! sight ( ,god8--,a4 ,yes4 7,ib4 p4 #ajd7 ,he :o breaks ! sabba? robs ,god ( 8 own2 = ! day is ! ,"l's4 ,f ,7 x n[ reveal$ to u1 says ,mr4 ,jones 7ib4 p4 #ahj71 t ! mo/ ext5sive sy/em ( in/ruction :i* we c\ld devise1 requir+ a va/ am\nt ( labor1 & protract$ ?r\gh ages1 w\ld result 9 ! t5d] m]cy ( our ,god 9 ! salvation ( ! s\l ( "o poor ,african1 we %\ld feel w>rant$ 9 *e]fully ent]+ ^u our "w1 ) all its co/s & sacrifices2 = our rew>d w\ld exce$ all our toil & c>e above ! computation ( any f9ite m9d4 ,badly educat$1 misguid$1 we believe ,mr4 ,jones to be2 b ^! are ! words ( hone/1 s9c]e conviction4 ,g ,= a loan ( ?is book we are indebt$ to our fri5d ,p>k] ,pillsbury4 ,h ,a ,cate*ism ( ,scripture ,doctr9e & ,practice = ,families & ,sabba? ,s*ools1 design$ also = ! ,oral ,in/ruction ( ,color$ ,p]sons1 by ,*>les ,c4 ,jones1 #f? edit42 ,*>le/on1 #ahde4 ,9 8 preface1 ,mr4 ,jones says1 ,! ,cate*ism has be5 prep>$ expressly = ! religi\s in/ruction ( ! negroes2 & x has be5 ext5sively tri$ & approv$ by ^? engag$ 9 t good "w4 ,x is unque/ionably mu* m us$ ?an any o!r4 ,x has already pass$ ?r\gh six editions4 ,x really m]its ?is position4--,= a p]usal ( ?is book we are indebt$ to ! k9dness ( our fri5d ,samuel ,brooke1 ( ,ohio4 ,i ,let u ev] rememb] ! "n t ,hag> gave to ,god1 ',?\ ,god see/ me1' & act z 9 8 pres5ce4 ,let u be afraid to /eal or lie or curse1 or break ! ,sabba?1 or d any wick$ ?+4 ,god w see & "k4--,jones's ,cate*ism1 p4 #bh4 ,ought n y to try & keep ! fe> ( ,god always be=e y\r eyes8 ,d n be tempt$ to say1 z too _m wick$ p d1 ',oh6 nobody w "k x2 nobody w see x4' ,rememb] t ,god is always look+ at y4 ,he sees all t y d3 he he>s e ^w t y say3 he kn[s all t y ?9k ab\t3 & he c 9 a mom5t /rike y dead3 he is able to de/roy bo? s\l & body 9 hell4 ,kn[+ ^! ?+s1 fe> him1 s z n will+ly to (f5d him4--,rev4 ,alex&] ,gl5nie's ,s]mons1 p4 #cb4 ,see also to ! same po9t1 ,bi%op ,ives's ,cate*ism1 p4 #ac1 #ad1 #db4 ,j ,:at a beautiful comm5t>y on ?is tea*+ is af=d$ u by ,d\glass6 7,n>rative1 p4 #dg47 ,speak+ ( 8 gr&mo!r1 he says1--,%e _h s]v$ my old ma/] fai?fully f y\? to old age4 ,%e _h be5 ! s\rce ( all 8 weal?2 %e _h peopl$ 8 plantation ) slaves2 %e _h become a great-gr&mo!r 9 8 s]vice4 ,%e _h rock$ him 9 infancy1 att5d$ him 9 *ildhood1 s]v$ him ?r\gh life1 & at 8 dea? wip$ f 8 icy br[ ! cold dea?-sweat1 & clos$ 8 eyes = ev]4 ,%e 01 nev]!less1 left a slave1--a slave = life1--a slave 9 ! h&s ( /rang]s4 ,& 9 _! h&s %e saw h] *ildr51 h] gr&*ildr51 & h] great-gr&*ildr51 divid$1 l s _m %eep1 )\t be+ gratifi$ ) ! small privilege ( a s+le ^w z to _! or h] own de/9y4 ,&1 to cap ! climax ( _! base +ratitude & fi5di% b>b>ity1 my gr&mo!r1 :o 0 n[ v old1 hav+ outliv$ my old ma/] & all 8 *ildr51 hav+ se5 ! beg9n+ & end ( all ( !m1 & h] pres5t own]s f9d+ %e 0 ( b little value1 h] frame already rack$ ) ! pa9s ( old age1 & complete helplessness fa/ /eal+ ov] h] once-active limbs1 !y took h] to ! woods1 built h] a little hut1 put up a little mud *imney1 & !n made h] welcome to ! privilege ( support+ h]self !re 9 p]fect lonel9ess2 ?us virtually turn+ h] out to die6 ,:o t has read ,d\glass's acc\nt ( 8 gr&mo!r1 ( :i* ?is is a small extract1 has n be5 mov$ bo? to pity = ! slave1 & loa?+ = slav]y8 ,:o has n ask$ ) him1 ,w n a righte\s ,god visit = ^! ?+s8 ,k ,a slave may die 9 consequ5ce ( mod]ate correction1 z t t]m is und]/ood 9 "s ( ! ,slave ,/ates4 ,! ,con/itution ( ,georgia1 ,art4 #d1 sec4 #ab1 reads ?us 7,hot*kiss's ,codification1 p4 #ga1 #ahde73--;,any p]son :o %all malici\sly dismemb] or deprive a slave ( life %all suff] su* puni%m5t z w\ld be inflict$ 9 case ! l (f5ce _h be5 committ$ on a free :ite p]son1 & on ! l pro(1 except 9 case ( insurrection ( su* slave1 & unless su* dea? %\ld happ5 by accid5t 9 giv+ su* slave mod]ate correction4 ,l ,our fri5d ,francis ,jackson procur$ u ?is book4 ,m ,mr4 ,jones ?9ks 7,rel4 ,in/4 p4 #ace71 t ! crime ( infanticide among ! slaves is re/ra9$ 9 good measure 444 by ! moral degradation ( ! p1 t takes away ! disgrace ( ba/>dy4 ,we rememb] he>+ f ,pr(4 ,gre5leaf ! acc\nt ( a successful def5ce1 on ?is gr\nd1 ( a female slave 9 ?is ,/ate1 :o 0 tri$ = committ+ ?is (f5ce4 ,a female slave1 x 0 argu$1 c\ld n feel %ame at ! bir? ( an illegitimate *ild1 & !re=e h] affection z a "m w\ld prev5t h] f committ+ ! crime4 ,b exp]i5ce has demon/rat$1 t a slave-"m may be l$ to take h] *ild's life f v love itself4 ,n ,! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* rec5tly expell$ a m9i/] f bo? ! m9i/ry & ! *ur*1 = m>ry+ a si/] ( 8 deceas$ wife4--,! ,*ur* z x is1 p4 #gf4 ,o ,color$ p]sons are n compet5t witnesses on ! trial ( a :ite man4 ,any :ite man1 !re=e1 c1 ) p]fect impunity1 commit any excess :atev] ^u any slaves1 s long z !y or _! companions alone are witnesses4 ,s c>efully does ! law gu>d ! honor ( ! female slave6 ,p ,! orig9al ( ?is adv]tisem5t may be se5 at ! ,anti-,slav]y (fice1 ,bo/on1 #ba1 ,cornhill1 pa/$ on "o side ( a copy ( ! newspap] call$ ,_s ( ,lib]ty6 ,h[ appropriate a head+6 ,q ,= ?is & o!r adv]tisem5ts f ,bo/on pap]s1 ,i am indebt$ to my fri5d ,w5dell ,phillips4 ,r ,we cut ?is adv]tisem5t f ! ,bo/on ,daily ,republican ( ,aug4 #cj1 #ahdi4 ,x previ\sly appe>$ 9 ! ,provid5ce ,j\rnal4 ,s ,a writ] 9 ! ,new ,orleans ,argus1 ,sept4 #ahcj1 9 an article on ! culture ( ! sug>-cane1 says1--,! loss by dea? 9 br++ slaves f a nor!rn climate1 :i* our plant]s are "u ! necessity ( do+1 is n less ?an tw5ty-five p] c5t6 ,our tables prove ! same ?+4 ,( ! #dj1jjj slaves annually c>ri$ s\?1 only #bi1aja are f\nd to survive2--a great] sacrifice ( life ?an t caus$ by ! middle passage6 ,t ,! ,act ( #agda1 ( :i* ?is law is 9 "p a revision1 reads ?us1 sec4 #de3 ,:i* proclamation %all be publi%$ on a sabba?-day at ! door ( e *ur* or *apel1 or1 = want ( su*1 at ! place :]e div9e s]vice %all be p]=m$ 9 ! said c\nty1 by ! p>i% cl]k or read]1 imm$iately aft] div9e s]vice2 &1 if any slave or slaves1 aga9/ :om proclamation ha? be5 ?us issu$1 /ay out & d n imm$iately return home1 x %all be lawful = any p]son or p]sons :atsoev] to kill & de/roy su* slave or slaves by su* ways or means z he or %e %all ?9k fit1 )\t accusation or impea*m5t ( any crime = ! same4--,9 ^? happy days1 ,fa!r ,taylor w\ld n h be5 call$ on to ?ank ,god1 t ! man :o 0 on ! po9t ( /rangl+ 8 bro!r accord+ to law 0 n tr\bl$ by any feel+ ( s5tim5talism6 ,u ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,furman1 ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ano!r ,bapti/ cl]gyman1 l ,dr4 ,full] wrote a def5ce ( slav]y4 ,aft] 8 dea?1 8 legal repres5tative adv]tis$ = sale at auction 8 real e/ate1 & a libr>y ( a miscellane\s "*1 *iefly !ological2 tw5ty-sev5 negroes1 "s ( !m v prime1 c4 7,! ,*ur* z x is1 p4 #gc47 ,v ,?is po9t1 & ! legality ( ,colonial & ,/ate ,slav]y1 are m elaborat$ 9 an article call$ ,! ,con/itutionality ( ,slav]y1 pr9t$ 9 ! ,massa*usetts ,qu>t]ly ,review2 a purely legal1 un9t]e/+ exam9ation1 :i* ne$s n to be repeat$ "h4 ,= a m ext5d$ pro( ( ! con/itutionality ( slav]y1 we ref] to ,w5dell ,phillips's v able ,review ( ,lys&] ,spoon]'s ,essay4 ,w #e ,h54 ,/at4 #edg4 ,x #f ,ibid4 #cef4 ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes3 ,text 9 italics is surr\nd$ ) und]scores3 italics4 ,obvi\s typographical errors h be5 correct$ z foll[s3 ,page #ff3 op9on *ang$ to op9ion ,page #aej3 righfully *ang$ to rightfully ,inconsi/5cies 9 spell+ & hyph5ation h be5 reta9$ f ! orig9al4 ,punctuation has be5 correct$ )\t note4