Library / Biology / Scientific American, Vol. XLIII.—No. 1. [New Series.], July 3, 1880 / Braille
Scientific American, Vol. XLIII.—No. 1. [New Series.], July 3, 1880 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.
Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt
210,887 braille cells · 219 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,085 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠙⠕⠺⠝⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠗⠕⠇⠇⠑⠙⠀⠕⠧⠑⠗⠂⠀ ⠛⠊⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠁⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀⠃⠁⠞⠓⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠍⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠝⠀⠋⠑⠇⠞⠀⠏⠑⠗⠋⠑⠉⠞⠇⠽⠀⠎⠁⠞⠊⠎⠋⠊⠑⠙⠀ ⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠓⠑⠗⠀⠚⠕⠃⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠗⠊⠎⠊⠝⠛⠀⠥⠏⠀⠁⠏⠏⠗⠕⠁⠉⠓⠑⠙⠀ ⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠁⠝⠅⠂⠀⠃⠗⠊⠝⠛⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠊⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀ ⠓⠑⠗⠲⠀⠠⠕⠝⠀⠗⠑⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠑⠗⠗⠁⠀⠋⠊⠗⠍⠁⠀⠎⠓⠑⠀⠙⠗⠕⠧⠑⠀ ⠞⠓⠑⠀⠽⠕⠥⠝⠛⠑⠗⠀⠃⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠀⠓⠑⠗⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀ ⠁⠇⠇⠕⠺⠀⠊⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠏⠏⠗⠕⠁⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀⠁⠛⠁⠊⠝⠂⠀ ⠞⠓⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠊⠞⠀⠎⠓⠕⠺⠑⠙⠀⠁⠀⠙⠊⠎⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠙⠕⠀⠎⠕⠲ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀ ⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠏⠓⠽⠇⠇⠊⠗⠓⠕⠑⠀⠠⠠⠃⠥⠉⠑⠏⠓⠁⠇⠁⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀ ⠇⠊⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀⠁⠝⠊⠍⠁⠇⠀⠃⠑⠇⠕⠝⠛⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠁⠍⠊⠇⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀ ⠎⠝⠁⠊⠇⠎⠂⠀⠉⠇⠁⠎⠎⠀⠠⠓⠑⠞⠑⠗⠕⠏⠕⠙⠁⠂⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀⠁⠝⠀ ⠊⠝⠉⠓⠀⠇⠕⠝⠛⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠎⠀⠙⠑⠧⠕⠊⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠎⠓⠑⠇⠇⠀⠕⠗ ⠀⠉⠕⠧⠑⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠑⠧⠑⠗⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠋⠇⠁⠞⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠕⠀ ⠁⠃⠎⠕⠇⠥⠞⠑⠇⠽⠀⠞⠗⠁⠝⠎⠏⠁⠗⠑⠝⠞⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠁⠀⠏⠑⠗⠎⠕⠝⠀⠉⠁⠝ ⠀⠗⠑⠁⠙⠀⠞⠓⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠃⠕⠙⠽⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠏⠗⠕⠧⠊⠙⠑⠙⠀ ⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠁⠀⠏⠁⠊⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠋⠑⠑⠇⠑⠗⠎⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠊⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀ ⠁⠝⠊⠍⠁⠇⠀⠊⠎⠀⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠇⠥⠍⠊⠝⠕⠥⠎⠀⠊⠋⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀ ⠋⠗⠑⠎⠓⠀⠺⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀⠕⠗⠀⠙⠊⠎⠞⠥⠗⠃⠑⠙⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀ ⠏⠓⠑⠝⠕⠍⠑⠝⠕⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠃⠑⠁⠥⠞⠊⠋⠥⠇⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠁⠝⠀ ⠁⠍⠍⠕⠝⠊⠁⠀⠎⠕⠇⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀⠏⠕⠥⠗⠑⠙⠀⠕⠧⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠁⠝⠊⠍⠁⠇⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠎⠓⠊⠝⠑⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠁⠀⠧⠊⠧⠊⠙⠀⠃⠇⠥⠑ ⠀⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠑⠭⠞⠊⠝⠛⠥⠊⠎⠓⠑⠎⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠇⠊⠋⠑⠲⠀ ⠠⠃⠥⠞⠀⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀⠁⠋⠞⠑⠗⠀⠙⠑⠁⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠑⠗⠧⠑⠀⠉⠑⠇⠇⠎⠂⠀
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.