,illustration ,,scientific ,,american ,a ,,weekly ,,journal ,,of ,,practical ,,information1 ,,art1 ,,science1 ,,mechanics1 ,,chemistry1 ,,and ,,manufactures4 ,,new ,,york1 ,,july #c1 #ahhj4 ,vol4 ,,xliii4--,no4 #a4 ,,new ,,series4 #c4bj per ,annum ,,postage ,,prepaid4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,contents4 7,illustrated articles are marked with an asterisk47 #a ,agricultural inventions #a #dj ,aspirator and compressor99 #aa #ch ,astronomical notes #aa #be ,baby elephant takes a bath #g #bb ,bath1 shower1 portable1 new99 #f #aa ,boiler explosions1 prevention of99 #d #ch ,canal boat1 improved #aj #ag ,carpetings1 etc41 printing gold on #e #cj ,chloral hydrate1 simple test for #g #ac ,chloroforming during sleep #e #ce ,corn magnets #aj #ad ,dipper1 watering1 improved99 #e #bi ,drowned1 perseverance with the #g #ae ,electric lamp1 improved99 #e #be ,elephant1 baby1 takes a bath #g #cg ,engineering inventions #aj #f ,epidemic1 strange1 a #b #cc ,exhibition1 internation41 ,sydney99 #h #aa ,explosions1 boiler1 prevention of99 #d #ci ,fires in ,new ,york #aa #h ,fogs1 navigation in99 #c #af ,fruit1 preserving app4 for99 #e #c ,gas machine1 ,maxim's99 #a #c ,gas making1 simple process99 #a #bj ,genessee ,falls1 utilization of #e #cd ,horology1 report of judges99 #h #cc ,international exhibition1 ,sydney99 #h #a ,inventions1 agricultural #a #cg ,inventions1 engineering #aj #bd ,inventions1 mechanical #g #ab ,inventions1 miscellaneous #d #db ,inventions1 new #aa #i ,iron1 effect of age on quality #c #ae ,lamp1 electric1 improved99 #e #bc ,leadville mines and railroads99 #f #ce ,magnets1 corn #aj #cf ,materials1 resistance of1 exp4 on #aj #c ,maxim's gas machine99 #a #bd ,mechanical inventions #g #ca ,natural history notes #g #h ,navigation in fogs99 #c #g ,oil tanks1 cannonading of #c #ah ,ore separator1 ,edison #e #da ,photoglyptic process1 new #aa #bf ,phyllirhoe ,bucephala99 #g #cb ,ruggles1 ,s4 ,p #g #bb ,shower bath1 portable1 new99 #f #ai ,slate washer1 novel99 #e #b ,specimen1 rare1 lost #a #e ,steamer1 little1 remarkable #b #aj ,steamers1 large1 collision between #c #ba ,stevens ,institute of ,technology #e #cc ,sydney ,industrial ,exhibition99 #h #bh ,tree growth1 force of99 #g #bg ,trees and shrubs1 care of #g #ai ,washer1 slate1 novel99 #e #d ,watches1 ,am41 superiority of #b #ad ,watering dipper1 improved99 #e 99 99 99 99 99 ,,agricultural ,,inventions4 ,mr4 ,sterling ,a4 ,millard1 of ,clayville1 ,n4 ,y41 has invented a scythe blade that contains much less weight of metal and possesses equal or greater strength than the ordinary scythe blades4 ,it is made in the usual manner from what is termed by scythe makers a scythe rod1 and is wrought and shaped in such form that a proper thickness is left to serve as the back of the blade4 ,a longitudinal auxiliary rib or supplementary back is formed on the blade1 which stiffens the scythe without requiring the same weight of metal as those of the usual construction4 ,mr4 ,george ,c4 ,winslow1 of ,kalamazoo1 ,mich41 has patented an improvement in spring harrow teeth1 which consists generally in hinging the harrow tooth in the forward end of a rectangular frame bolted to the harrow bar1 and combining therewith a spring1 which at its back end is clamped to the harrow bar by the same bolts which secure the rectangular frame1 and which spring then curves upward and forward1 and then down through the slot or opening of the rectangular frame1 and is jointed at its extremity1 near the bottom of the harrow tooth1 so that its tension serves to throw the harrow tooth forward1 but allows it to yield to obstruction4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,rare ,,specimen ,,lost4 ,captain ,ingalls1 of the schooner ,chalcedony1 has let slip an opportunity to make a small fortune and at the same time settle the long vexed question as to the reality of the elusive and possibly mythical sea serpent4 ,his story1 as told in the ,argus1 of ,portland1 ,maine1 ,june #h1 runs as follows3 ,last ,saturday1 about one o'clock in the afternoon1 we were slowly sailing past ,monhegan1 there being very little wind1 about twenty miles southwest of the island1 when we caught sight of what looked like a large schooner floating bottom up4 ,as the object lay almost dead ahead1 we made directly for it1 but before we got very close a ,cape ,ann schooner lay to and sent a boat's crew to inspect what now plainly appeared to be a monstrous carcass of some species or other4 ,we finally hove to1 about a ship's length off1 and took a leisurely survey of the thing4 ,it was dead1 and floated on the water1 with its belly1 of a dirty brown color1 up4 ,it head was at least twenty feet long1 and about ten feet through at the thickest point4 ,about midway of the body1 which was1 ,i should guess1 about forty feet long1 were two fins1 of a clear white1 each about twelve feet in length4 ,the body seemed to taper from the back of the head down to the size of a small log1 distinct from the whale tribe1 as the end had nothing that looked like a fluke4 ,the shape of the creature's head was more like a tierce than anything ,i can liken it to4 ,i have seen almost all kinds of shapes that can be found in these waters1 but never saw the like of this before4 ,two years ago1 off ,seguin1 ,i saw shooting through the water a thing which1 ,i think1 resembled this creature considerably1 but ,i didn't get close enough to it to say for certain4 ,the men from the ,cape ,ann schooner got on this dead creature1 and one of the boys cut a double shuffle on its belly1 which for all the world looked like the bottom of a schooner covered with barnacles and seaweed by the weather4 ,we should have towed the thing to ,portland had there been any wind1 but as there wasn't1 we steered away and left it4 ,what sort of a sea monster this was ,i can't say for sure1 but in my opinion it was the original 'sea serpent1' which has been seen once in a while for years past1 and which1 when alive1 was too swift a swimmer for any sailing vessel to get alongside of4 ,the report of the captain of the ,cape ,ann schooner will be in order now4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration3 ,,maxim',s ,,new ,,gas ,,machine4 ,,simple ,,and ,,cheap ,,process ,,of ,,gas ,,making4 ,when a current of air is passed over the surface of gasoline it becomes carbureted or charged with its vapors to saturation4 ,air thus charged is somewhat heavier than pure air1 and when passed through an ,argand or bat's wing burner1 it burns with a brilliant white flame4 ,nothing would seem easier than to make a machine that would force a current of air through1 over1 or on some material saturated with gasoline1 and this apparently simple process has led many into attempts to make a successful gas machine4 ,many fortunes have been spent by the unscientific in the chase after this1 to them1 ignis fatuus4 ,the stumbling block which has wrecked so many enterprises in this line has been the cold produced by the evaporation of the gasoline4 ,one pound of gasoline1 in passing from a liquid to a vapor1 requires about as much heat as would be required to melt two pounds of cast iron4 ,it is therefore obvious that where no heat is supplied1 the gasoline1 air1 and machine must soon become very cold when any considerable quantity of gas is being made4 ,the heat must come from somewhere1 and as none is supplied1 it is taken from the apparatus1 air1 and gasoline1 making them very cold4 ,a beautiful and simple experiment to illustrate this refrigeration can be made as follows3 ,place a gill of water in a common washbasin1 then pour over it one pint of light gasoline2 shake the basin1 and blow the liquids vigorously1 when very soon the basin will become intensely cold--the water will freeze1 and may be taken out in the form of a snowball4 ,if the water and basin are hot1 and the experiment performed in a hot room or in the sun1 it is much more striking4#a ,this refrigeration operates upon the gas as follows3 ,air will take up and hold in suspension any volatile liquid in proportion to the square of its temperature1 so that when the temperature of the gasoline and air have fallen off one half1 the quantity of gasoline in the air has fallen off three quarters1 and the light is destroyed4 ,the quality of the gas in such machines varies from a rich smoky flame to a pale blue and blowing flame in a short time4 ,every change of quality in the liquid1 temperature of the apparatus1 or number of burners used causes a vexatious change in the quality of the gas4 ,if heat is applied at the right time and in the right quantity it is not so bad1 but too much heat1 or neglecting to regulate it properly1 converts the machine into a still1 the condenser of which is the pipes of the building lighted1 when danger is added to vexation4 ,about ten years ago a machine was illustrated in these columns that obviated all these troubles2 it was the invention of the well known mechanical engineer1 ,hiram ,s4 ,maxim1 of this city4 ,his machine was on an entirely new principle1 and has since gone into general use4 ,it was intricate and somewhat expensive1 but it performed its work well4 ,messrs4 ,a4 ,t4 ,stewart ,co4 use them largely in their mills and hotels4 ,mr4 ,maxim made one of six thousand burner capacity for the ,grand ,union ,hotel1 ,saratoga ,springs1 it being the largest gas machine ever built4 ,it has supplied gas of an unvarying quality for six years1 and is as good as new to-day4 ,to reduce the cost as far as possible1 ,mr4 ,maxim has designed a new machine on another principle1 which we herewith illustrate4 ,fig4 #a shows the machine in perspective1 and ,fig4 #b is a sectional view4 ,the vertical cylinder is a common gas holder of sheet brass4 ,it is #cf inches in diameter for a thousand burner machine4 ,the operative parts of the machine are best shown in the sectional view1 which represents the portion of the machine called the injector4 ,a is a steam chamber supplied with four or more pounds of steam through the pipe1 ,k4 ,b is the gasoline supply pipe1 and ,c the air supply4 ,d is an index valve4 ,the operation is as follows3 ,steam being in the chamber1 ,a1 the descent of the holder opens the valve1 ,m1 and allows the steam to ,continued on page #d4 ,footnote #a3 ,this experiment should not be tried in the vicinity of a gaslight or fire4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scientific ,,american ,,established #ahde 99 99 99 99 99 ,,munn ,,co41 ,,editors ,,and ,,proprietors4 ,,published ,,weekly ,,at ,,no4 #cg ,,park ,,row1 ,,new ,,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,o4 ,d4 ,,munn4 ,a4 ,e4 ,,beach4 ,,terms ,,for ,,the ,,scientific ,,american4 ,one copy1 one year postage included #c #bj ,one copy1 six months1 postage included #a #fj ,clubs4--,one extra copy of ,,the ,,scientific ,,american will be supplied gratis for every club of five subscribers at #c4bj each2 additional copies at same proportionate rate4 ,postage prepaid4 ,remit by postal order4 ,address ,,munn ,,co41 #cg ,park ,row1 ,new ,york4 --,to ,advertisers4--,the regular circulation of the ,,scientific ,,american is now ,,fifty ,,thousand ,,copies weekly4 ,for #ahhj the publishers anticipate a still larger circulation4 ,,the ,,scientific ,,american ,,supplement ,is a distinct paper from the ,,scientific ,,american4 ,,the ,,supplement is issued weekly4 ,every number contains #af octavo pages1 uniform in size with ,,scientific ,,american4 ,terms of subscription for ,,supplement1 #e4jj a year1 postage paid1 to subscribers4 ,single copies1 #aj cents4 ,sold by all news dealers throughout the country4 ,,combined ,,rates4--,the ,,scientific ,,american and ,,supplement will be sent for one year1 postage free1 on receipt of seven dollars4 ,both papers to one address or different addresses1 as desired4 ,the safest way to remit is by draft1 postal order1 or registered letter4 ,address ,,munn ,,co41 #cg ,park ,row1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,scientific ,,american ,,export ,,edition4 ,the ,,scientific ,,american ,export ,edition is a large and splendid periodical1 issued once a month4 ,each number contains about one hundred large quarto pages1 profusely illustrated1 embracing3 7#a47 ,most of the plates and pages of the four preceding weekly issues of the ,,scientific ,,american1 with its splendid engravings and valuable information2 7#b47 ,commercial1 trade1 and manufacturing announcements of leading houses4 ,terms for ,export ,edition1 #e4jj a year1 sent prepaid to any part of the world4 ,single copies #ej cents4 --,manufacturers and others who desire to secure foreign trade may have large1 and handsomely displayed announcements published in this edition at a very moderate cost4 ,the ,,scientific ,,american ,export ,edition has a large guaranteed circulation in all commercial places throughout the world4 ,address ,,munn ,,co41 #cg ,park ,row1 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,new ,,york1 ,,saturday1 ,,july #c1 #ahhj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,table ,,of ,,contents ,,of ,,the ,,scientific ,,american ,,supplement ,no4 #bce1 ,for the ,week ending ,july #c1 #ahhj4 ,price #aj cents4 ,for sale by all newsdealers4 ,,page ,i4 ,,engineering ,,and ,,mechanics4--,the ,new ,railway up ,mount ,vesuvius4 #f illustrations4 ,plan of road4--,general view of mountain and railway4--,side view and end view of passenger car4--,mount ,vesuvius ,railway4--,map showing railway1 mountain1 crater1 and surrounding country4--,the carriage road and railway #cgce ,the ,st4 ,gothard ,tunnel--,notes on the junction of the two galleries4 ,by ,dr4 ,,calladon #cgcf ,the ,st4 ,gothard ,tunnel4--,conditions and causes of air currents in the tunnel #cgcf ,protection of ,ships from ,loss by ,fire and from ,loss by ,sinking4 ,recent improvements in the construction of ships and steamers #cgch ,regenerative ,stoves4--,a ,sketch of their ,history and ,notes on their ,use4 ,by ,,john ,n4 ,,hartman4 ,an important paper read at the ,pittsburg meeting of the ,american ,institute of ,mining ,engineers4 #a figure #cgch ,cowper's ,hot ,blast ,stoves4 #b full page illustrations of hot blast stoves for a pair of furnaces4--,plan and cross section of stove4--,plan and cross section of furnace4--,plan and cross section of gas downcomer4--,sectional elevation of stove and downcomer #cgci ,wilson's ,lock-up ,safety ,valve4 ,an important improvement4 #aj figures4 #cgdb ,working ,low ,grade ,ores #cgdb ,the ,largest ,concrete ,tank in ,england #cgdb ,,ii4 ,,electricity1 ,,etc4--,siemens' ,improvements in ,electric ,railways4 #d figures4 ,siemens' combined steam and electric railway4--,siemens' electric mail railway #cgdc ,difference in the ,actions of ,positive and ,negative ,electricity #cgdc ,forces ,exciting ,electricity #cgdc ,the ,new ,electrical ,middlings ,purifier4 ,by ,,thos4 ,b4 ,,osborne4 #e figures #cgdd ,physical ,society1 ,london4 ,photo--electricity4--,electrometer key4--,air in water4--,steam thermometer #cgde ,atmospheric polarization4 ,influence of terrestrial magnetism #cgde ,,iii4 ,,hygiene ,,and ,,medicine4--,lead ,poisoning4 ,clinical lecture by ,dr4 ,,wm4 ,,pepper4 ,effects of a cosmetic of carbonate of lead4--,symptoms of lead poisoning4--,affinity of lead for nerves and muscles4--,treatment of lead poisoning #cgde ,recent ,investigations of the ,blood #cgdf ,the ,pulse4 ,lecture on the pulse in health and disease1 by ,dr4 ,t4 ,a4 ,mc,b,r,i,d,e #cgdf ,some ,early ,symptoms of ,insanity #cgdg ,an ,improved ,method of ,applying ,antiseptic ,vapors #cgdg ,treatment of ,phthisis by ,inhalation of ,borax and ,salicylic ,acid #cgdg ,,iv4 ,,chemistry ,,and ,,technology4--,detection of ,starch in ,cane ,sugar4 ,by ,p4 ,,casamajor #cgdg ,double ,lever ,cement ,testing ,apparatus4 #a figure #cgdh ,prediction of ,chemical ,elements #cgdh ,oil of ,sage #cgdh ,bronzing ,iron #cgdh ,rust ,preventing ,compound #cgdh ,argentine ,sheep and ,wool #cgdh ,v4 ,,natural ,,history1 ,,etc4--,brain of ,limulus ,polyphemus4 ,general anatomy of the brain4--,internal structure and histology of the brain4--,comparison of the ,limulus brain with the brain of other arthropods #cgdi ,an ,unfortunate ,white ,whale4 ,a live whale with a broken neck #cgdi ,ethereal ,oil of ,california ,bay ,tree4 ,by ,j4 ,m4 ,,stillman #cgdi ,forest ,trees of ,north ,america4 ,prof4 ,sargent's catalogue 7continued from ,,supplement ,no4 #bcd74 ,cedars1 ,red ,woods1 ,firs1 ,spruces1 etc4 #cgej 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,superiority ,,of ,,american ,,watches4 ,the extract from the report of the judges in horology1 at the ,sydney ,international ,exhibition1 with the diagrams showing the comparative merit of the watches tested1 given on other pages of the current issue of ,,scientific ,,american1 cannot fail to interest our readers4 ,there were ten exhibitors1 and the inherent and comparative merits of the various exhibits were rated under ten heads on the basis of #ajj points for the highest degree of excellence4 ,there were ,british1 ,german1 ,french1 ,swiss1 and ,american competitors2 and while the scores of the nine ,european exhibitors footed up totals ranging from #gf to #fhf1 their average being #chi-a_/c1 the total of the ,waltham ,watch ,company was #iha4 ,in detail this remarkable score stood thus3 ,originality1 #ih2 invention and discovery1 #ie2 utility and quality of material1 #ie2 skill in workmanship1 #ic2 fitness for purpose intended1 #ajj2 adaptation to public wants1 #ajj2 economy1 #ajj2 cost1 #ajj2 finish and elegance of cases1 #ajj2 timekeeping qualities1 #ajj4 ,total1 #iha4 ,the timekeeping tests were made1 as the report points out1 by ,prof4 ,h4 ,c4 ,russell1 ,astronomer ,royal at the ,sydney ,observatory2 and it is especially noted that while the majority of the watches tested had been made for exhibition purposes1 and specially prepared for that end1 the exhibit of the ,american company was the ordinary and regular product of the factory1 such as is finished every day4 ,another evidence of the superiority of the ,american system1 as emphasized in the report1 is the fact that a sixth grade ,waltham watch1 one of the cheapest tested1 showed a better performance than many very expensive and otherwise first class watches of other makes4 ,the moral of the victory is happily drawn in the following editorial review of the contest and its lessons1 by the ,sydney ,morning ,herald of ,april #ad1 last3 ,the report of the judges in horology1 which we published on ,saturday last1 was a document of more than ordinary interest4 ,the slightest glance at it will show that the judges brought no small amount of ability and industry to their task4 ,in many other classes of exhibits judging must1 to no small extent1 be a matter of opinion4 ,there is no absolute test by which one photograph1 for example1 or one oil painting can be decided to be superior to another4 ,in exhibits of this kind much must be left to the taste of the critic4 ,watches and chronometers1 on the other hand1 can be submitted to the minutest tests4 ,the care and trouble which these require are not small1 but the issue is sufficiently important to warrant all the labor which the judges in horology brought to their work4 ,time-keepers that can be relied upon in all weathers and in all climates1 and that are within reach of all classes1 are a luxury of no common order1 but to a large number of persons they are a necessity also4 ,in these fast days1 when everything must be done to time1 it is for a variety of purposes found necessary to make accurate divisions1 not merely of the days and hours1 but of the minutes and seconds also4 ,the verdict which the judges in our ,exhibition have pronounced on the ,waltham watches is one of which any company might be proud2 but the facts on which the verdict is based are as interesting to the public at large as to the parties immediately concerned4 ,one of the secrets of ,american progress lies first in the invention of machinery1 and then in its application to almost all descriptions of industry4 ,it is the bringing of machinery to every branch of watchmaking that is enabling ,americans to beat the world in this as well as in many other things4 ,there has been a general belief that a machine-made watch is not to be compared to one that is hand-made1 and that on this account the ,english watch must always hold its own against the ,american4 ,this belief will have to be given up1 if it is not given up already4 ,it has now been established that machinery can be used for the purposes of watchmaking with quite as much success as for those of agriculture4 ,the ,americans are showing that they can make better watches than the ,swiss or the ,english1 but1 what is of equal importance1 they are showing that they can make them for less money4 ,the boast of the ,yankees is that they can turn out work cheaper and better than anybody else1 and that for that reason the world must take their products4 ,it would be difficult to prove that in some departments the boast is wholly without foundation4 ,the ,american mechanic is paid better than the ,english mechanic1 and yet the work which he turns out can1 as a rule1 be sold for less4 ,the reason is1 not only that he works harder1 but that the assistance of machinery enables him to produce the largest result by the smallest amount of labor4 ,mr4 ,brassey1 who believes that the workmen of his own country are equal if not superior to any in the world1 maintains that an ,english mechanic can do more work than an ,american mechanic4 ,the ,american really does more1 because the inducements to industry are greater1 and because he has better machinery4 ,the success of the ,waltham ,company has furnished a striking instance of this4 ,this company has now not only well-nigh driven foreign watchmaking companies out of ,america1 but it has shown that it can more than compete with them on their own ground4 ,this arises partly from the fact that it can turn out the best work on a large scale1 but also from the fact that the principle on which it operates enables it to do all this economically4 ,the ,waltham ,company claims to have arrived at simplicity1 uniformity1 and precision in the manufacture of watches1 and the report of our judges shows that its claim is well founded4 ,one of its discoveries was that a simple instrument1 where simplicity is possible1 will cost less and be worth more than a complicated one4 ,another was that the making of all instruments of the same grade exactly alike1 so that the part which belongs to one belongs to the whole1 will not only facilitate manufacture1 but will greatly economize it4 ,a third was1 that these properties of simplicity and interchangeability are the best guarantees of perfect exactitude4 ,the success which the ,americans have reached in this as well as in other branches of industry1 ought to excite the gratitude rather than the jealousy of the world4 ,any company or nation that shows how a maximum of efficiency can be reached by a minimum of labor confers a benefit on mankind4 ,this our ,american cousins have done in other spheres besides that of watchmaking4 ,there are branches of the prosperity of the ,americans that are traceable to the extent of their territory and the fertility of their soil2 but the triumph of their machinery has been the result of their inventiveness and of their enterprise1 and for that reason it points a moral that ,australians might profitably observe4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,remarkable ,,little ,,steamer4 ,there is soon to set sail from ,london for ,new ,york a new and remarkable little steamer of #gj tons gross burden1 named the ,anthracite1 designed to exhibit the advanced engineering ideas of ,mr4 ,loftus ,perkins1 of ,england4 ,the distinctive peculiarities of this steamer are the very high steam pressure that she carries--#cej to #ejj lb4 to the square inch1 and the small consumption of fuel--one pound of coal per hour per horsepower4 ,a trial trip of this new little boat was lately made of #df miles1 during which #cej lb4 steam pressure was steadily maintained1 #acb revolutions per minute of propeller1 and a speed of eight knots per hour4 ,other vessels1 some of larger size than the above1 have been built on the ,perkins system1 and are running in ,england4 ,one of them1 the yacht ,emily1 carries #ejj lb4 boiler pressure4 ,most of our readers are familiar with ,mr4 ,perkins' system1 which has been fully described in our columns4 ,those who may wish to refer thereto are directed to an interesting article by ,mr4 ,perkins1 with engravings1 published in the ,,scientific ,,american ,,supplement1 ,no4 #ha1 ,july #ba1 #ahgg2 also to the description of the steam ferry boat1 run on this principle1 given with three pages of engravings in our ,,supplement ,no4 #bag4 ,engineering theory and practice have for a long time plainly pointed to high steam pressures as one of the surest ways to economy of fuel4 ,twenty five years ago our ocean steamers carried only #af lb4 pressure to the inch1 and burned #e to #f lb4 of coal per hour per horse power4 ,to-day they are carrying #ge lb4 pressure1 and burning #ba_/b to #c lb4 of coal per hour per horse power4 ,in #ahdj the ,britannia1 one of the finest steamers of the ,cunard line plying between this country and ,england1 burned #e1bia lb4 of coal for each ton of paying freight she carried1 her speed1 then considered fast1 being #ha_/b knots per hour4 ,in #ahgg the ,britannic1 speed #ae4f knots per hour1 burned only #eea lb4 of coal per ton of freight carried4 ,although our present steamers are making fast time and are very economical as compared with earlier vessels1 still it is a lamentable fact that on the largest and finest of them1 furnished with all the latest improvements and best appliances to secure economy1 worked by the most careful and intelligent engineers1 we succeed in putting into our steam only about one tenth of the heat realized in our boiler fire1 the remaining nine-tenths of the heat being lost4 ,only in proportion as we make our steam hotter1 and expanding it more1 shall we economize in fuel4 ,in this respect the voyage of the ,anthracite is designed by her owners1 we presume1 to be an eye-opener for steamboat owners1 not only in this country but throughout the world4 ,if a little bit of a boat like this1 #hd feet long1 #af feet beam1 and #aj feet deep1 can carry its own coal and water across the ,atlantic1 with a pressure of #cej to #ejj lb4 to the inch1 and on one pound of coal per horse power1 the natural inference is that our great steamers1 when fitted with the same system1 will realize far better results4 ,the change from three pounds of coal to one pound per horse power means a shaving of two thirds in the coal bill1 which is always an enormous item in the expenses of large boats4 ,we ought to add that another peculiarity of the ,anthracite is that she uses the same boiler water over and over1 only a trifle of fresh water being supplied to make good the slight waste4 ,our ,new ,york steamboat men1 who have to pay so dear for ,croton water1 will be likely to examine the water tank of the ,anthracite with interest4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,strange ,,epidemic4 ,on the night of ,tuesday1 ,june #ae1 a remarkable epidemic fell upon several towns in western ,massachusetts1 the town of ,adams suffering most severely4 ,out of a population of #f1jjj1 several hundred--variously estimated from #fjj to over #a1jjj--were prostrated by a disease resembling cholera morbus4 ,the symptoms were first dizziness1 then great nausea1 followed by vomiting and prolonged purging1 and in some cases delirium4 ,a belt of country two or three miles in width and several miles long was thus afflicted1 beginning at the west1 the whole number of victims being estimated at from #a1bjj to #a1ejj4 ,no deaths are reported4 ,the cause of the epidemic is not known1 but seems most likely to have been atmospheric4 ,for some time the weather had been dry and hot4 ,a heavy local rain fell during the evening1 and was followed by or attended with a sudden and great lowering of the temperature4 ,a chilly fog hung over the belt of country invaded by the disease1 and a heavy swampy odor and taste were in the air4 ,the malady reached its climax in about twenty-four hours4 ,it was first suspected that the water supply had been somehow poisoned1 but many people who had not used the water were prostrated1 while others who used it freely escaped4 ,adams has hitherto been regarded as an exceptionally healthy town1 and the surrounding country is high and wholesome4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,cannonading ,,of ,,oil ,,tanks4 ,on the morning of ,friday1 ,june #aa1 lightning struck an oil tank belonging to the ,tidioute and ,titusville ,pipe ,line1 at ,titusville1 ,pa4 ,the fire thus kindled1 raged until ,sunday night1 consuming #bjj1jjj barrels of oil1 crude and refined1 and destroying property to the amount of #a1ejj1jjj4 ,the most appalling feature in this fire was the successive boiling over of oil from burning tanks of the liquid4 ,to empty rapidly a tank containing #bj1jjj barrels of oil1 while the latter is on fire1 is no easy matter4 ,the pipes connected with the tanks were utterly inadequate to remove the oil rapidly enough to rob the boiling over of its terrors4 ,a happy thought suggested itself on ,friday to ,mr4 ,d4 ,r4 ,herron1 of the ,titusville ,battery4 ,obtaining permission1 ,mr4 ,herron brought out one of the ,parrott guns of the battery1 loaded it with solid shot1 and began firing against the three-eighths iron sheets of the distant blazing tank4 ,the first shot glanced1 but subsequent volleys pierced the shell of the tank1 releasing a large quantity of oil that otherwise would have fed the flames4 ,the battery then moved on to the ,emery tank1 also burning1 and lastly to the ,acme tank4 ,large rents were made in all these1 and the liberated oil ran harmlessly down into a stream4 ,this novel target practice greatly shortened the duration of the fire at these tanks1 and so drained them that the flames died out for want of fuel1 and no boiling over resulted4 ,the peculiar attraction for lightning which these iron oil tanks appear to possess has been several times referred to in our columns4 ,whenever a thunderstorm passes fairly over one of them it seems to be devoted to destruction4 ,millions of dollars' worth of property have thus been destroyed4 ,no practical safeguard has yet been suggested4 ,ordinary buildings1 when properly provided with rods that are well grounded in the earth1 are comparatively safe from lightning4 ,structures made of iron and simply resting upon the earth1 without rods1 are also exempt from electrical damage4 ,such structures always present a continuous body of conducting material for the free passage of electricity to earth4 ,why is it1 then1 that iron oil tanks form such conspicuous exceptions to our common experience with lightning8 ,rods put on other structures save them2 but rods have been put on oil tanks1 masts with rods have surrounded the tanks1 but the tanks were exploded by lightning all the same4 ,we will repeat a possible explanation which we have heretofore given4 ,from every oil tank1 according to our theory1 there is a constant escape of light hydrocarbon vapor1 which forms a permanent cloud or column1 rising to a great height above the tanks1 far above any rod that could be erected4 ,this vapor rod is a conductor1 which the lightning naturally follows1 sets on fire the vapor1 and explodes the tank4 ,a column of heated air or vapor rising from a chimney is well known to be a conductor for lightning2 the rise of hydrocarbon vapors is illustrated by the balloon4 ,if the theory we have outlined is correct1 the remedy for the electrical explosion of oil tanks is to be found in such a treatment of the oil1 or such a construction of tank1 as shall prevent any escape of the light vapors4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,navigation ,,in ,,fogs4 ,the disastrous collision of the ,sound steamers ,narragansett and ,stonington was quickly followed by one at sea1 by which two great passenger ships escaped instant destruction almost by a hair's breadth4 ,shortly after noon1 ,monday1 ,june #ab1 the ,national ,line steamship ,queen1 bound from ,london to ,new ,york1 and within #cjj miles of her journey's end1 ran into the ,anchor ,line steamship ,anchoria1 on the way from ,new ,york to ,glasgow4 ,the bow of the ,queen struck the ,anchoria on the port side1 about twenty feet abaft the foremast1 smashing a great hole through the iron hull4 ,two compartments of the ,anchoria filled immediately1 but the partitions stood firm1 and the other compartments sufficed to keep the vessel afloat4 ,the bow of the ,queen was badly crushed1 and her forward compartment was flooded4 ,fortunately the bulkhead proved stanch1 and the ship was saved4 ,the fog was very thick1 and both ships were going at full speed4 ,it is said that the captain of the ,anchoria mistook the whistle of the ,queen for that of the ,anchoria's companion vessel1 the ,victoria1 which left ,new ,york at the same time1 and was probably not far away1 and before the error was discovered the ships were too close to avoid the catastrophe4 ,had the sea been rough or the partitions less stanch1 both ships must have gone to the bottom almost instantly4 ,the passengers of the ,anchoria were transferred to the ,queen1 which was least hurt1 and the two ships sailed together for ,new ,york1 arriving ,tuesday noon4 ,these two collisions1 coming in such quick succession and imperiling so many lives1 give terrible emphasis to the dangers attending navigation in foggy weather4 ,they make very pertinent also the query whether the means now employed for discovering the position and nearness of unseen vessels are at all commensurate with the necessities of the case1 or with the means already known1 and known to be well calculated to prevent such dangers4 ,in a dense fog the ordinary ship's light is visible scarcely more than a ship's length2 and as it proved in the case of the ,narragansett and ,stonington1 the time between thus sighting an approaching vessel and the instant of collision is fatally brief4 ,the recent test of electric headlights for ships in this harbor clearly demonstrated the possibility of projecting a beam of electric light through the densest fog for a thousand feet or more1 and through ordinary fogs a distance several times as great4 ,except in very rough weather the steam whistle can be heard a long distance1 but it is liable to be a treacherous guide4 ,it is not always possible to determine by the ear alone the direction from which a sound comes2 and it would seem that a mistake of this nature was made on the ,stonington1 since the order intended to change her course away from that of the ,narragansett only served to precipitate the collision4 ,had the whistle of the ,queen signaled her course it could not have been mistaken for that of a ship sailing in the opposite direction1 and the safety of two great floating hotels and their occupants would not have been imperiled thereby4 ,means for the better penetration of fogs1 for determining the direction of unseen sources of sounds1 and for enabling steamers to announce to all within hearing the course they are pursuing1 seem therefore to be imperative necessities on shipboard4 ,the first is furnished by the electric headlight1 with a system of projection similar to but more efficient than that used on locomotives4 ,the last would be provided by an efficient code of whistle signals to indicate the several points of compass4 ,the second need is supplied by the instrument figured in the accompanying illustration4 ,illustration3 ,,professor ,,mayer',s ,,topophone4 ,the aim of the topophone1 which was invented and patented by ,professor ,a4 ,m4 ,mayer1 last winter1 is to enable the user to determine quickly and surely the exact direction and position of any source of sound4 ,our figure shows a portable style of the instrument2 for use on ship-board it would probably form one of the fixtures of the pilot-house or the bridge1 or both4 ,in most cases arising in sailing through fogs1 it would be enough for the captain or pilot to be sure of the exact direction of a fog horn1 whistling buoy1 or steam whistle2 and for this a single aural observation suffices4 ,every one has twirled a tuning fork before the ear1 and listened to the alternate swelling and sinking of the sound1 as the sound waves from one tine re-enforce or counteract those from the other tine4 ,the topophone is based upon the same fact1 namely1 the power of any sound to augment or destroy another of the same pitch1 when ranged so that the sound waves of each act in unison with or in opposition to those of the other4 ,briefly described1 the topophone consists of two resonators 7or any other sound receivers7 attached to a connecting bar or shoulder rest4 ,the sound receivers are joined by flexible tubes1 which unite for part of their length1 and from which ear tubes proceed4 ,one tube1 it will be observed1 carries a telescopic device by which its length can be varied4 ,when the two resonators face the direction whence a sound comes1 so as to receive simultaneously the same sonorous impulse1 and are joined by tubes of equal length1 the sound waves received from them will necessarily re-enforce each other and the sound will be augmented4 ,if1 on the contrary1 the resonators being in the same position as regards the source of sound1 the resonator tubes differ in length by half the wave length of the sound1 the impulse from the one neutralizes that from the other1 and the sound is obliterated4 ,accordingly1 in determining the direction of the source of any sound with this instrument1 the observer1 guided by the varying intensity of the sound transmitted by the resonators1 turns until their openings touch the same sound waves simultaneously1 which position he recognizes either by the great augmentation of the sound 7when the tube lengths are equal71 or by the cessation of the sound1 when the tubes vary so that the interference of the sound waves is perfect4 ,in either case the determination of the direction of the source of the sound is almost instantaneous1 and the two methods may be successively employed as checks upon each other's report4 ,it is obvious that with such a help the pilot in a fog need never be long in doubt as to the direction of a warning signal2 and if need be he can without much delay1 by successive observations and a little calculation1 determine1 approximately at least1 the distance of the sounding body4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,effect ,,of ,,age ,,on ,,the ,,quality ,,of ,,iron4 ,professor ,bauschinger1 in #ahgh1 tested iron taken from a chain bridge built in #ahbi1 and found that fifty years of use had not perceptibly altered its quality--either its strength or its elasticity--as reported at the time of its erection4 ,he also examined metal from another bridge built in #aheb1 and found that the average quality remained as given by ,von ,pauli at the time of its erection4 ,professor ,thurston1 testing pieces of the wire cable of the ,fairmount ,suspension ,bridge1 recently taken down at ,philadelphia1 after about forty years' use1 found the iron to have a tenacity and elasticity and a ductility fully equal to the best wire of same size found in the market to-day4 ,he therefore concludes that iron subjected to strains such as are met with in properly designed bridges does not deteriorate with age4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,collision ,,between ,,large ,,passenger ,,steamers4 ,during a fog near midnight1 ,june #aa1 two of the large passenger steamers plying on ,long ,island ,sound1 ,stonington line1 between ,new ,york and ,boston1 came in collision1 while running at considerable speed4 ,one of the boats1 the ,narragansett1 was struck near the middle1 her side cut open1 and a smoke-pipe knocked over1 which made a down draught through the furnace1 driving out a great sheet of burning gas into the cabins and between decks1 by which the vessel was set on fire1 at the same time the opening in her side caused her to begin to sink4 ,some three hundred passengers were on board1 and a frightful scene of confusion followed4 ,happily there was a plentiful supply of life-preservers1 some life-rafts1 and a few life-boats4 ,there was delay in lowering the boats1 but the rafts1 life-preservers1 chairs1 and other floatables served to support most of the unfortunate people1 who1 to escape the flames1 were obliged to leap quickly into the water4 ,about fifty lives were lost2 the remainder were rescued by boats from another steamer1 the ,new ,york1 also by help sent from the other damaged vessel1 the ,stonington4 ,it seems remarkable that so many were saved4 ,this calamity illustrates the necessity for further effort on the part of inventors to discover new and improved means for fog signaling1 saving life1 preventing the spread of fires1 and keeping vessels afloat4 ,most of the large local steamers that communicate with ,new ,york are veritable palaces1 built regardless of expense1 and supplied with every known reliable appliance for safety2 but the occurrence of accidents like this and their disastrous results show that much remains to be done before navigation1 even upon smooth waters1 can be considered secure4 ,the life-rafts of the ,narragansett seem to have proved more useful than the life-boats in rescuing the drowning people1 the rafts being more quickly and easily launched1 requiring less skill1 etc4 ,the upperworks of our river and ,sound passenger steamers consist at present of a mass of light1 dry woodwork1 forming cabins that are very comfortable and commodious for travelers1 but highly dangerous in case of fire4 ,the collision of river steamers above described was followed a few hours later by a collision between two great ocean steamers1 accounts of which we give in another column4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,honors ,,to ,,an ,,aged ,,chemist4 ,the chemists of ,germany are collecting money for the purpose of presenting a gold medal to ,prof4 ,woehler on his eightieth birthday1 which will be ,july #ca1 #ahhj4 ,prof4 ,woehler is one of the most distinguished as well as the oldest of living chemists4 ,himself a pupil of old ,berzelius1 a contemporary of ,liebig1 and the loved instructor of many of our best chemists1 his name is equally respected on both sides of the ,atlantic4 ,profs4 ,jay and ,chandler1 of ,columbia ,college1 ,new ,york city1 two of his former pupils1 are receiving contributions from those who wish to join in this well deserved memorial4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,perseverance ,,under ,,difficulties4 ,a good lesson to young people inclined to exaggerate the hinderances to their success in life1 and to think that their chances are too poor to justify honest exertion1 is furnished by a young colored man of ,columbus1 ,ohio1 ,f4 ,p4 ,williams by name1 now serving in that city as census enumerator4 ,several years ago he was run over by a train of cars1 his arms being so mutilated that both had to be taken off near the shoulder4 ,lacking hands he learned to write legibly by holding his pencil between his teeth4 ,he writes quite rapidly1 and in his work as enumerator takes an average of #bjj names a day4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,maxim',s ,,new ,,gas ,,machine ,continued from first page4 escape through the jet1 ,l4 ,this produces a partial vacuum at ,l1 and draws air in at ,c4 ,the air and steam pass with great rapidity through the tube1 ,g4 ,the action of the air and steam produces another partial vacuum at ,n1 which draws gasoline in through the pipe1 ,b4 ,the adjustment of the opening is such that one pound of steam draws in air sufficient for two pounds of gasoline4 ,the heat of the steam is taken up by the refrigeration caused by the evaporation of the gasoline1 so that at ,e the compound is carbureted air and cold water4 ,the tube1 ,f1 presents the curious phenomenon of being hot at a and cold at b4 ,in one short piece of tube we have a hot retort and a cold condenser4 ,the supply of gasoline is regulated by the valve1 ,d4 ,the dash pot1 ,h1 prevents a too rapid action of the valve1 ,i4 ,gas of any desired density may be made1 and when once adjusted the gas does not vary4 ,the burner used with this machine is made to produce the very best results attainable1 and then the gas is regulated to a density and pressure to suit the burner4 ,the nuisance of an adjustable burner is thus obviated4 ,the holder closes off the supply when full1 and lets on a supply when nearly empty4 ,gasoline has been much improved within a few years4 ,it is now so very cheap that the equivalent of one thousand feet of coal gas of standard quality may be equaled for sixty cents4 ,where no steam is at hand these machines are run with a small oil burner4 ,they are being made by the ,pennsylvania ,globe ,gas ,light ,co41 #aca ,arch ,st41 ,philadelphia1 ,pa41 of from #ajj to #aj1jjj burner power4 ,this machine was patented ,june #h1 #ahhj4 ,illustration3 ,fig #b4 ,,maxim',s ,,gas ,,machine--,,section ,,of ,,injector 99 99 99 99 99 ,,prevention ,,of ,,boiler ,,explosions4 ,this vexed problem has occupied the minds of engineers and inventors since the introduction of steam as a motive power1 and there are several theories of boiler explosions1 each having its adherents4 ,of course there are conditions under which a boiler explosion is involved in no mystery2 as1 for example1 when the water is dangerously low1 when the safety valve is of insufficient capacity1 or when it is unduly loaded2 but there are other cases where an explosion cannot be rationally explained in the light of the well known theories4 ,mr4 ,daniel ,t4 ,lawson1 of ,wellsville1 ,ohio1 has recently patented1 in this and several other countries1 a device for preventing boiler explosions1 which appears practical1 and according to the testimony of scientific men the claims of the inventor are well founded4 ,the inventor1 in explaining his invention1 says that when water is superheated it becomes as explosive as gunpowder1 exploding by bursting into steam from a reduction of pressure4 ,when the engineer opens the throttle valve the cylinder is instantly filled with steam1 creating a vacuum to that extent in the boiler4 ,the superheated water then immediately rises to fill the vacuum1 and is met by the valve1 instantly cutting off the escape into the cylinder2 this causes a concussion on every square inch in the boiler much greater than the regular pressure of the steam4 ,there is abundant reason to believe that it is this concussive action which causes the numerous and mysterious boiler explosions1 and which cause is wholly independent of the amount of water in the boiler2 in fact1 the greater the amount of water in the boiler the more terrific the explosion4 ,this invention1 which is based upon this theory1 consists in reducing the concussive strain produced by the impulsive and intermittent escape of steam to the cylinders to an approximately uniform pressure1 by rendering the evolution or passage of steam from the water to the steam space approximately constant and independent of the intermittent discharges from the steam space to the cylinder4 ,the means for accomplishing this consist in a boiler constructed with a partition1 ,a1 intervening between the water space and the space from which the steam is taken to supply the cylinder1 and feeding the steam as it is generated through valves or orifices1 ,b1 in the partition1 of a smaller size than the port or opening through which the steam passes into the cylinder4 ,by this means the normal steam pressure or steam supply1 when thus intermittently or alternately reduced1 is restored gradually by reducing the flow from the water space to the steam space1 so that the transformation of water into steam is made approximately uniform in spite of the intermittent escape of steam through the cylinders1 and the boiler is thus relieved of the constant wear and strain of the concussion4 ,illustration3 ,,lawson',s ,,improved ,,steam ,,boiler4 ,in supplying steam from the water compartment to the steam compartment1 the inventor intends using a number of small perforations1 not amounting in the aggregate to more than about one twentieth the size of the cylinder port1 in connection with a number of small valves to be under control of the engineer1 so that the amount of steam required can be readily regulated1 yet carefully avoiding the possibility of all1 when opened to their utmost capacity1 forming as large an opening as the valve through which the cylinder is supplied4 ,a number of small valves and perforations in the partition sheet between the water and steam compartments1 will remedy that hitherto very general annoyance of water rising to and through the valves1 which is occasioned by pressure of steam upon the surface of the water1 and when one large valve is opened1 the pressure is partly removed from the water immediately under it1 consequently the water rises through the valve4 ,a number of small openings for the liberation of steam from the superheated water will remedy this difficulty4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,miscellaneous ,,inventions4 ,mr4 ,niels ,c4 ,larsen1 of ,sacramento1 ,cal41 has patented a purse or satchel fastening which can be securely locked and present a smooth and unbroken surface without projections4 ,a combined dental speculum and shield has been patented by ,mr4 ,alfred ,w4 ,edwards1 of ,new ,york city4 ,the object of this invention is to facilitate the performance of dental operations1 such as the filling of teeth4 ,it consists in a combined dental speculum1 gag1 and shield formed of a flaring or bonnet-shaped shell of metal1 having a longitudinal slot in its lower side to receive the teeth1 and an arched wire attached to its lower part1 upon the opposite sides of the forward end of the slot1 to rest upon the teeth and support the forward part of the shell4 ,an improved coupling for the shafts of a wagon1 which can be readily fastened to or unfastened from the axle1 has been patented by ,mr4 ,william ,w4 ,french1 of ,stockbridge1 ,mass4 ,the invention consists in the combination with the axle clip and knuckle joint of a sliding bearer and spring catch to facilitate the opening and closing of the coupling4 ,mr4 ,joseph ,kintz1 of ,west ,meriden1 ,conn41 has patented an improved process for bronzing iron surfaces1 which consists in cleaning and buffing the iron surfaces1 then electroplating with copper1 then dipping in acid solution1 then again buffing1 then boiling in a salt of tin solution1 and then finishing by subjecting the article to heat until the copper and spelter coatings are fused into bronze4 ,a simple device for extending the steps of passenger cars1 for the convenience of passengers getting in and out of the car1 and for protecting at the same time the treads of the permanent steps from sparks1 cinders1 snow1 etc41 during the passage of the car from one station to another1 has been patented by ,mr4 ,benjamin ,f4 ,shelabarger1 of ,hannibal1 ,mo4 ,mr4 ,luther ,c4 ,baldwin1 of ,manchester1 ,n4 ,h41 has patented a new and improved automatic heat regulator1 simple in construction and so arranged as to operate1 under the smallest changes of temperature1 upon the valves of the source of heat4 ,an improved cigar lighting stand has been patented by ,mr4 ,joseph ,kintz1 of ,west ,meriden1 ,conn4 ,this improvement relates to lamp stands for cigar lighting1 and has for its object the production of a stand of ornamental character which may be packed closely for transportation and readily put together for use4 ,a simple1 safe1 and efficient device in which light oils may be used as fuel for heating sad irons for domestic use1 or for the use of tailors1 dressmakers1 etc41 has been patented by ,mr4 ,harvey ,l4 ,wells1 of ,evansville1 ,ind4 ,it consists essentially of an iron box divided longitudinally into two chambers1 the lower being the combustion chamber and the upper the heating chamber4 ,an improvement in electric light has been patented by ,mr4 ,charles ,j4 ,van ,depoele1 of ,detroit1 ,mich4 ,the object of this invention is to automatically regulate the feed of the carbon in electric lights according to the changes of resistance in the current caused by the consumption of the carbon points1 so as to prevent flickering and variations in intensity of the light4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,chloroforming ,,during ,,sleep4 ,the possibility of chloroforming a person in sleep1 without waking him1 having been disputed in a recent murder trial1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,v4 ,quimby1 of ,jersey ,city1 was led to test the question experimentally4 ,the results were presented in a paper before the section of medical jurisprudence at the meeting of the ,american ,medical ,association a few days ago4 ,dr4 ,quimby made arrangements with a gentleman to enter his room when he was asleep and apply chloroform to him4 ,he did this with entire success1 transferring the person from natural to artificial sleep without arousing him4 ,he used about three drachms of ,squibb's chloroform1 and occupied about seven minutes in the operation4 ,the second case was a boy of thirteen who had refused to take ether for a minor operation4 ,dr4 ,quimby advised the mother to give the boy a light supper and put him to bed4 ,she did so1 and ,dr4 ,quimby1 calling when the boy was asleep1 administered the chloroform and performed the operation without awakening the boy4 ,the third case was a boy of ten years suffering from an abscess1 and the same course was pursued with equal success4 ,two important inferences may be drawn from these cases1 ,dr4 ,quimby said4 ,minor surgical operations may be done with perfect safety and much more pleasantly than in the ordinary way1 and1 secondly1 a person somewhat skilled in the use of chloroform may enter a sleeping apartment and administer chloroform with evil intentions while a person is asleep4 ,hence the use of this drug in the hands of a criminal may become an effective instrument in the accomplishment of his nefarious designs4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,improved ,,watering ,,dipper4 ,a convenient vessel for watering plants1 sprinkling floors1 and for other similar purposes is shown in the annexed engraving4 ,it is simply a dipper of the usual form1 partly covered at the top by a shield1 at the center of which is fixed a sprinkler spout4 ,the utility of this improvement will be recognized without further description4 ,it was recently patented by ,mr4 ,r4 ,harrison1 of ,columbus1 ,miss4 ,illustration3 ,,harrison',s ,,watering ,,dipper 99 99 99 99 99 ,,improved ,,electric ,,lamp4 ,the lamp shown in the engraving will be recognized as an ,edison lamp1 the vacuum globe and the carbon horseshoe being the principal elements4 ,mr4 ,john ,h4 ,guest1 a well known electrical inventor of ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y41 judging from his own experience in fusing platinum with glass in the manufacture of thermostatic fire alarms1 concluded that the principal trouble with the ,edison lamp would be the entrance of air around the wires passing through the glass of the vacuum globe1 devised a simple plan of sealing the joint between the wires and the glass by means of mercury1 thus interposing an effectual barrier to the entrance of air at that point4 ,illustration3 ,,guest',s ,,improved ,,electric ,,lamp1 ,fig #a and ,fig #b ,the invention is so clearly shown in the engraving that scarcely a word of explanation is necessary4 ,in the lamp shown in ,fig4 #a1 the wires that convey the current to the carbon horseshoe are sealed in the ends of curved glass tubes communicating with the globe1 and these joints are inclosed in small globes formed on the ends of the glass tubes and filled with mercury4 ,in this lamp ,mr4 ,guest has made provision partially or wholly preventing the circulation of air1 should any remain in the globe after exhaustion with the air pump4 ,the device by which this is accomplished is simply a small globe connected with the lower portion of the lamp globe by a contracted passage1 the theory being that the cooler and heavier portion of the air will be drawn into the auxiliary globe by its own gravity4 ,fig4 #b shows a lamp in which the tubes that support the wires extend downward into the lamp globe4 ,these tubes at their junction with the vacuum globe are fused to the platinum conducting wires1 and the tubes act simply as lateral supports to the wires inside the globe1 allowing the wires to expand freely lengthwise4 ,the tubes are sealed outside the globe in the manner shown in ,fig4 #a4 ,another improvement made by ,mr4 ,guest consists in inclosing the ends of the platinum wire conductors in the ends of the material of the carbon before it is carbonized1 the wire being formed into a loop to increase the conducting surface and to insure a good connection with the carbon4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,apparatus ,,for ,,preserving ,,fruit4 ,the annexed engraving represents a simple apparatus for preserving fruit in its natural state1 by means of a partial vacuum4 ,the vessel is especially designed for the purpose1 and is provided with an absorbent which takes up whatever moisture may emanate from the fruit4 ,the vessel is preferably made of glass or earthenware1 and is provided with a cover having a packing ring and a device for receiving the stems of the fruit4 ,the cover is secured to the vessel by an adjustable screw clamp4 ,in the bottom of the vessel there is an absorbing ring made of burnt or dried clay1 which absorbs the moisture escaping from the fruit4 ,the air in the vessel is rarefied either by heat or by the application of an air pump to the opening in the bottom4 ,this apparatus was recently patented by ,mr4 ,carl ,j4 ,renz1 of ,hudson1 ,n4 ,y4 ,illustration3 ,,fruit-,,preserving ,,apparatus4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,new ,,process ,,for ,,printing ,,gold ,,and ,,silver ,,colors ,,on ,,carpetings ,,and ,,other ,,textiles4 7,,translated ,,for ,,the ,,commercial ,,bulletin47 ,gold and silver designs for carpeting and oilcloths have been hitherto prepared in the following manner3 ,the gold or silver were put in leaves or bronze powder on the designs1 which were printed with a varnish of linseed oil1 or similar adhesive4 ,the bronze thus attached did not possess much firmness1 and the method was necessarily expensive4 ,the method recently adopted by ,wohlforth is as follows3 ,the bronze powder is united at once to printing material4 ,the liquid silicate of potash1 or of oxide of sodium1 answers this purpose4 ,one part1 by weight1 of gold1 silver1 or bronze powder1 along with two parts of the silicate1 will give a print color1 which is easily transferable by rollers to paper1 oilcloth1 and woods and metals4 ,the bronze thus printed dries very rapidly1 and cannot be taken off by oil or water1 unless they are boiling4 ,it bears light and heat equally well1 and especially sulphureted hydrogen1 which has such a destructive effect on bronzes put on in the form of powder4 ,it is recommended to thin the mass by an addition of warm water1 #aj to #bj per cent1 so as to keep it from becoming too hard during the process of printing4 ,an addition of glycerine or sirup1 of #e to #aj per cent41 will be even preferable4 ,the bronze color remaining on the printing forms can be taken off by warm water4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,edison ,,ore ,,separator ,,not ,,new ,to the ,editor of the ,scientific ,american3 ,in your issue of ,june #ai1 #ahhj1 ,i notice an illustration of an electro-magnetic ore separator invented by ,mr4 ,edison1 and patented ,june #a1 #ahhj4 ,a device absolutely identical with this has been in use for the past ten or fifteen years at the emery works at ,chester1 ,hampden county1 ,mass4 ,i there saw it in use myself in ,november1 #ahgf1 and was informed1 ,i think by ,mr4 ,ames1 that it was not patented1 and that no valid patent could be granted upon it by reason of its long continued public use4 ,my uncle1 ,john ,s4 ,williams1 of this city1 president of the ,ore ,knob ,copper ,company1 had heard of the machine1 and sent me to ,chester with a view to purchasing the right to use it at the ,ore ,knob ,copper ,works1 in ,ashe county1 ,north ,carolina4 ,on my return to ,baltimore ,i had the magnets constructed by ,watts ,co41 electricians1 on ,november #bd1 #ahgf1 for a large machine1 similar to the one at ,chester1 which machine was completed about ,december #aj1 #ahgf1 and practically tested at ,no4 #eb ,commerce ,st41 ,baltimore4 ,it was sent to the ,ore ,knob ,mine about ,christmas1 #ahgf1 to be used in separating magnetic oxide of iron from the copper ore1 and1 for aught ,i know to the contrary1 is in use there yet4 ,this is a striking instance of how history repeats itself in inventions4 ,mr4 ,edison is doubtless an original inventor of the device1 but he most certainly is not the first inventor4 ,r4 ,d4 ,,williams4 ,baltimore1 ,md41 ,june1 #ahhj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,novel ,,slate ,,washer4 ,few articles meet with a readier sale or more promptly remunerate the inventor than the class of inventions adapted to the use of children either in their school life or in their amusements4 ,one of these useful little novelties is shown in our engraving4 ,it is a slate washer1 consisting of two pieces of metal stamped up so as to form a holder for the sponge at the top and the cloth drier at the bottom4 ,they also form a tubular receptacle containing a supply sponge1 which is moistened by removing the corks at the ends4 ,this invention was recently patented by ,mr4 ,jacob ,a4 ,smith1 of ,salem1 ,ohio4 ,illustration3 ,,smith',s ,,slate ,,washer4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,utilization ,,of ,,genesee ,,falls4 ,the plan to furnish ,rochester1 ,n4 ,y41 with power for manufacturing and for running street cars through the utilization of the falls of the ,genesee in compressing air1 was described in this paper some weeks ago4 ,all the power of the lower falls1 save what is needed to run two wheels for factories already in operation1 has been purchased by the inventor of the system1 and a promising beginning has been made4 ,according to the ,rochester ,union1 a large gang of men are at work building the crib just below the falls on the east side of the river in a cove which seems to have been made by nature for this purpose4 ,this foundation is #ajj feet long by #ge feet wide1 and will have an average depth of #ac feet4 ,it is being constructed of solid logs of oak timber bolted together1 and the center will be filled with stone4 ,on the top of the crib will be erected the derrick1 #abe feet high1 and the water will pour into it from the top of the falls through the bulkheads at one end of the dam4 ,the stand pipes will run from the top of the derrick to the cylinders on the crib1 which will be in the neighborhood of #ejj feet long4 ,the whole machinery will be roofed in4 ,the difficulty in the way of getting the materials to the place1 they all having to be lowered over the falls1 makes the work of construction somewhat slow4 ,it is expected1 however1 that the first application of the system to the propulsion of street cars will be possible in ,september next4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,stevens ,,institute ,,of ,,technology4 ,the commencement exercises took place on ,june #af and #ag1 and were of a very interesting nature4 ,on the #afth ,president ,henry ,morton delivered an able address before the graduating class on ,popular ,fallacies in ,engineering4 ,we intend to publish the address in full in our next week's ,,supplement4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,new ,,portable ,,shower ,,bath4 ,we give herewith perspective and sectional views of an improved portable shower bath1 recently patented by ,mr4 ,james ,e4 ,vansant1 of ,covington1 ,ky4 ,it consists of a spherical vessel1 having at the bottom a supporting rim which admits of setting it on the floor when occasion requires4 ,the top is provided with a screw cap1 perforated with numerous small holes for discharging water in fine streams4 ,in the center of the cover there is a filling tube1 which extends nearly to the bottom of the vessel4 ,a float is provided to indicate when the vessel is filled1 and shot contained in the two side tubes serves as ballast to keep the device either in an upright or inverted position4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #a4--,,vansant',s ,,portable ,,shower ,,bath4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #b4--,,section ,,of ,,shower ,,bath4 ,the vessel is pivoted in a light jointed frame that admits of hanging it up or setting it down4 ,in use it is tipped by means of the cords attached4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mines ,,and ,,railroads ,,of ,,leadville4 ,to the ,editor of the ,scientific ,american3 ,nearly every person interested in geology sets up a theory of his own with regard to the carbonate deposits of ,leadville1 immediately on arriving in this famous district4 ,there is1 however1 but one theory which has been generally adopted by scientific men1 formulated by ,w4 ,s4 ,keyes1 ,general ,manager of the ,chrysolite ,iron and ,little ,chief ,mines1 and substantiated by the mute testimony of the fossil remains that fix the geologic data4 ,the theory is substantially as follows3 ,a shallow sea overspread this entire region4 ,an even bed of limestone1 dolomitic1 was formed by the myriads of shell-fish that subsisted in this shallow sea4 ,from some natural convulsion the waters flowed off1 leaving the sedimentary deposits4 ,subsequently the porphyritic rock flowed over the surface in a pasty mass1 covering the limestone4 ,there then followed two processes of ore making4 ,the first was through the mineralizing action of heated and ore depositing waters1 coming up out of the depths1 and impregnating and permeating the hanging and foot walls of the contact4 ,no free oxygen was contained in these waters2 neither did they carry any chlorides or chlorobromides1 wherein consists the present richness of ,leadville's ores2 but in the first process the ore was entirely in the form of sulphurets4 ,the second process was initiated by the uplifting of the mountain ranges to their present height1 at which time the diorites1 those ore indicators of the globe1 uprose through the sedimentary strata4 ,thus was the original surface of deposit bent and folded1 and not unfrequently entirely broken4 ,the surface waters carrying free oxygen and free carbonic acid now penetrated along the contact1 and oxidized the sulphurets1 which formed free sulphuric acid1 giving rise to the sulphates and sulpho-carbonates4 ,the irresistible law of gravity distributed these sulphates1 these oxides1 and these carbonates in vast bonanzas1 that have been the wonder of the world4 ,the fossil trilobites of this region identify it with the silver lead districts of ,nevada1 ,utah1 and ,mexico4 ,it is not anomalous1 but simply richer than its sister regions to the ,west and ,south4 ,the output of ore from the ,leadville mines last year 7#ahgi7 aggregated #abb1dhc tons1 which represents a value of #aa1dgg1jdf4 ,that is to say1 there was an average yield at #ij per ton1 or just #ca1ddc4if each day4 ,on the first day of ,may of the present year 7#ahhj71 the returns from thirty-seven of the leading mines gave a total daily output of #hiia_/b tons of ore1 yielding1 at the low average of #ij per ton1 something like #hj1iee per day4 ,the world's history of silver mining in the past shows nothing like this for so young a camp4 ,scarcely a month passes without opening up some new and vast carbonate deposits4 ,the territory has not even been thoroughly prospected2 and the future yield of the royal metal will far eclipse its past production4 ,it might not be uninteresting in this connection to give something regarding the sampling and milling of ores4 ,one of the most complete concerns engaged in this business anywhere in the country is that of ,augustus ,r4 ,meyer ,co4 ,this establishment has grown with the growth and development of this carbonate district4 ,the business was first established as long ago as the year #ahgg 7before ,little ,pittsburg was dreamed of74 ,a little log house1 a relic of seventeen years previous1 was found sufficiently ample for the needs of the business of that period4 ,however1 it was not long before additions had to be made and new buildings erected4 ,in the year #ahgi the present company was incorporated with a capital stock of #ej1jjj1 and every preparation that money and business sagacity could effect was made to meet the demands of the prosperous era1 that has built a mining metropolis #aj1bdj feet above the sea level1 at the base of the great continental divide4 ,as at present constituted the premises of the company comprise seven and one-half acres of ground1 upon which six buildings have been erected1 including ore houses and crushing and sampling buildings4 ,during the busy season of summer from thirty-five to forty men are employed1 who alternate their work in two shifts1 day and night4 ,at this season it frequently happens that the ore houses1 which hold #a1ejj tons1 are insufficient for the accommodation of the mineral sent from the mines to be crushed1 and large quantities have to be stored outside4 ,in sampling ores from the various mines about ,leadville this establishment pursues the most careful methods4 ,the different ores are first deposited in large bins holding from #be to #ajj tons4 ,one-tenth of each load is taken and run through a ,dodge crusher1 which well adapts it for the furnaces4 ,a fifth of the tenth already indicated is put through heavy rollers1 and one half of this finely crushed ore is subjected to the ,bucking hammer and powdered to an eighty-sieve grade4 ,one sample of this powder1 consisting of a fourth1 is given to the miner1 two samples are kept for reference1 and the other is sent to the assayer1 who takes his assay ton1 upon which the company buys and sells4 ,the capacity of the works are all the way from #hj to #aej tons per day4 ,for samples1 #g4ej is charged for silver and lead per ton1 and #aj per ton for gold2 but in large quantities a less charge is made4 ,in job crushing1 the market value of silver is allowed1 with from five to ten per cent4 deducted4 ,the ,meyer works enjoy an excellent patronage from the best mines of the camp1 including such as the ,chrysolite1 ,carbonate1 ,vulture1 ,duncan1 ,matchless1 ,climax1 ,morning ,star1 ,crescent1 and ,j4 ,d4 ,dana1 some of which have all their crushing done at these sampling works4 ,illustration3 ,,augustus ,r4 ,,meyer ,,and ,,company',s ,,ore ,,mill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,railroads4 ,in order to furnish better transportation facilities for the mineral of this district1 and to emancipate it from the freight embargo that has virtually fettered its commerce1 citizens of ,leadville have determined to construct a broad gauge railway down the ,arkansas ,valley to ,pueblo4 ,this will enable ,leadville merchants to ship goods through from the ,east without breaking bulk1 and lay them down in their warehouses as cheaply as the same commodities could be laid down in ,denver4 ,this will insure ,leadville the control of the business of the ,gunnison country1 whose mineral developments are spoken of in the highest terms4 ,propositions from ,eastern railroad contractors have already been received1 preliminary surveys have been made1 and #bjj1jjj guaranteed to the stock subscription4 ,it now seems to be only a question of what method to pursue in constructing the road4 ,growing out of the broad gauge movement1 to some extent1 two or three narrow gauge enterprises have been organized4 ,one is projected from ,leadville to ,salt ,lake ,city1 following the carbonate belt1 as shown in ,hayden's ,geological ,map1 around through the ,eagle ,river1 ,roaring ,fork1 and ,white ,river ,agency districts1 into ,utah4 ,such men as ,h4 ,a4 ,w4 ,tabor and ,c4 ,b4 ,rustin stand at the head of this project4 ,another narrow gauge road is organized to be built into the ,ten-,mile and ,breckenridge districts1 where the famous ,robinson ,mine is located4 ,should the broad gauge be built this summer to ,pueblo1 there is little doubt but that narrow gauges would ramify out from ,leadville into every mineral bearing gulch that was found accessible4 ,w4 ,leadville1 ,may #f1 #ahhj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mechanical ,,inventions4 ,mr4 ,william ,b4 ,hickman1 of ,sterling1 ,kan41 has patented a swage to be used in welding the triangular bar which is to form the flange of a plow point or share to the body of the same4 ,mr4 ,lucius ,s4 ,edleblute1 of ,cincinnati1 ,o41 has recently patented what he calls the rubber cushioned spoke and hub4 ,this is an improvement in the class of vehicle wheel hubs having an elastic band or annular portion which surrounds the journal box and on which the butts of the spokes rest1 so that the wheel is rendered elastic and more durable1 also comparatively noiseless when running on stony pavements1 roads1 or streets4 ,mr4 ,george ,richards1 of ,boxbury1 ,mass41 has patented a steam muffler composed of two plates of a diameter very much greater than the diameter of the pipe through which the steam escapes from the boiler1 so that the steam has room to expand before escaping to the outer air1 its expansion effectually deadening the noise caused by the passage through the contracted escape pipe4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,baby ,,elephant ,,takes ,a ,,bath4 ,it is customary with traveling menageries in hot weather when convenient to a river to allow the elephants to take a bath4 ,the ,london ,circus passed through ,woonsocket1 ,r4 ,i41 the other day1 when the keeper let loose all the elephants1 including ,hebe and her baby1 for the above purpose4 ,the mother and her offspring were permitted to approach a river for the first time since the baby was born1 and they were1 therefore1 watched with great interest by their keeper4 ,the mother cautiously approached the ,blackstone ,river1 which flows past the circus grounds1 and waded in a short distance1 carefully feeling her way2 she then encouraged the baby to follow her1 which the obedient little fellow did4 ,when far enough in the mother caught the baby between her fore legs1 and then lay down in the water and rolled over1 giving the baby the first bath4 ,the mother then felt perfectly satisfied with her job1 and rising up approached the bank1 bringing the little one with her4 ,on reaching terra firma she drove the younger before her1 and would not allow it to approach the water again1 though it showed a disposition to do so4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,phyllirhoe ,,bucephala4 ,this little animal belongs to the family of snails1 class ,heteropoda1 is about an inch long1 and is devoid of any shell or covering whatever4 ,it is flat1 and so absolutely transparent that a person can read through its body4 ,it is provided with a pair of feelers4 ,the little animal is very luminous if placed in fresh water or disturbed1 but this phenomenon is most beautiful when an ammonia solution is poured over the animal4 ,it will shine with a vivid blue light1 which extinguishes with life4 ,but even after death the nerve cells1 which are directly below the skin and produce the light1 can be irritated sufficiently to become luminous4 ,it is a singular fact that electricity has no effect upon these nerve cells4 ,illustration3 ,,phyllirhoe ,,bucephala--,,as ,,seen ,,in ,,the ,,light4 a b1 ganglion2 c1 intestines2 d1 liver2 f1 kidneys2 g1 generative organs4 ,illustration3 ,,phyllirhoe ,,bucephala--,,showing ,,in ,,the ,,dark ,,the ,,luminous ,,spots4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,care ,,of ,,trees ,,and ,,shrubs4 ,in view of the drought which prevails in many parts of the country and its unusual severity over extensive districts1 the ,rural ,new ,yorker suggests to those who have planted trees or shrubs the past spring that there is one method1 and so far as we know1 says the writer1 only one1 by which they may be protected against injury or death from that cause4 ,surface watering has been shown to do more harm than good4 ,the ground is made hard and compact1 thus becoming a better conductor of heat while it becomes less pervious to air and moisture4 ,a portion of the surface soil should be removed1 and then pailful after pailful of water thrown in until the ground1 to a depth of two feet and to a width about the stem of not less than three feet in diameter1 has become saturated4 ,then1 as soon as the water has disappeared from the surface1 the removed soil should be well pulverized and returned4 ,a covering of boards1 straw1 or hay1 or even of sand or gravel1 may then be applied1 and the tree or shrub1 thus treated1 will pass through ten days of additional drought in safety4 ,as soon as rain comes to wet the earth thoroughly1 we think it is better to remove the mulch4 ,nothing is then gained by permitting it to remain4 ,mellowing the surface soil about the trees1 thus keeping it free from grass and weeds1 is then the most that is needed4 ,we would repeat that the present is the season when the female borer deposits her eggs on the stems of fruit trees1 and the wash of lime1 potash1 sulphur1 etc4 7darkened with lampblack71 should now be applied and reapplied during ,june and ,july1 as soon as washed off by rain4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,force ,,of ,,tree ,,growth4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,force ,,of ,,tree ,,growth4 ,the disruptive power of tree roots1 growing in the crevices of rocks1 is well known4 ,masses of stone weighing many tons are often dislodged in this way from the faces of cliffs1 and no one gives them more than a passing glance4 ,when1 however1 the sanctity of the tomb is invaded1 despite the graven warning of the occupant1 the case is very different1 and superstitious people are apt to think there must be something in it more than accident and the unconscious expression of the resistless force of growing vegetation4 ,the engraving herewith is copied from a photograph sent to us by a ,european correspondent1 of a grave in the ,garten churchyard1 in ,hanover1 ,germany1 the invasion of which by a birch tree has been the occasion of much wonderment by country people1 who come from great distances to examine it4 ,the monument1 so unfeelingly disrupted1 was erected in #aghb1 and bears on its base the following inscription3 ,this grave1 which was bought for all eternity1 must never be opened4 ,a chance birch seed1 lodging in a crevice of the monument1 has displayed the irony of nature in slowly yet surely thwarting the desire of the person who designed it for a perpetual memorial4 ,all the joints are separated1 the strong iron clamps are broken1 and the birch tree has embraced the upper large block1 which weighs about one and a quarter tons1 and the tree is driving its roots below1 gradually but surely tilting the structure4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,perseverance ,,with ,,the ,,drowned4 ,in a recent communication to the ,french ,academy1 ,professor ,fort asserts that he was enabled to restore to life a child three years old1 by practicing artificial respiration on it four hours1 commencing three hours and a half after apparent death4 ,he mentions also a case in which ,dr4 ,fournol1 of ,billancourt1 reanimated1 in ,july1 #ahgh1 an apparently drowned person by four hours of artificial respiration begun one hour after the patient was taken from the water4 ,at this season1 when cases of drowning are apt to be frequent1 the possible benefit that may come from a persevering effort to revive victims of drowning1 should encourage friends not to despair of their resuscitation1 even after several hours of seemingly fruitless labor4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,simple ,,test ,,for ,,chloral ,,hydrate4 ,a new test for chloral hydrate has been devised by ,frank ,ogston1 namely1 yellow sulphide of ammonium4 ,on adding this reagent to a solution of chloral of moderate strength there is at first no change noticed1 but in a short time the colorless solution acquires an orange yellow color1 and on longer standing turns brown and evolves a gas of very disagreeable odor4 ,ogston's experiments show that a solution containing ten milligrammes turns brown in six hours1 and gives the peculiar odor4 ,with one milligramme the orange-yellow color appears in twelve hours1 but no odor4 ,croton chloral gives the same reactions1 but chloroform1 chloric ether1 and formic acid do not4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,natural ,,history ,,notes4 ,the ,propagation of ,oysters4--,at the recent meeting in this city of the ,american ,fish ,cultural ,association1 a paper was read on the propagation of the oyster1 by ,dr4 ,w4 ,j4 ,brook1 of the ,johns ,hopkins ,university4 ,the manner in which this propagation takes place had never before1 he said1 been thoroughly understood4 ,through studies made by him last summer1 however1 great light was thrown on the subject4 ,he found that the ,american oysters do not breed their young in the shell1 as had been supposed1 and that consequently the eggs can be impregnated artificially4 ,an average oyster contains from six to nine million eggs1 and one of large size may contain fifty millions4 ,the plan pursued by him in fertilizing these eggs was to chop the male and female oyster up together2 thus the fluids are mixed and the impregnation is made complete4 ,the process of development immediately begins1 and goes on so rapidly that a change may be noted every fifteen seconds4 ,in a very few hours the embryo is sufficiently formed to swim in the water4 ,the shells at first are very small1 and are not adjacent to each other4 ,they grow very rapidly1 closing down over the sides1 and finally unite and form the hinge4 ,in the short space of twenty-four hours the young oyster is able to take food1 and from three days to a week it attains perfect form4 ,during its early life it is a swimming animal4 ,the oyster is able to reproduce its species at the end of a year's growth1 and it is marketable at the age of three years4 99 99 99 99 99 ,s4 ,p4 ,,ruggles4 ,s4 ,p4 ,ruggles died at ,lisbon1 ,n4 ,h41 ,may #bh4 ,he was principally known as the inventor of the ,ruggles printing press1 which was among the first of machine presses4 ,his invention was what printers call an upside-down press1 the type being upside down when in the bed4 ,about twenty-five years ago ,mr4 ,ruggles sold out his interest for nearly #bjj1jjj1 and since then has not been in active business4 ,he was the inventor of the raised alphabet for the blind1 and always showed great interest in the amelioration of the condition of the sightless4 ,he was also a great friend of mechanical education1 and has written much on the subject4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sydney ,,international ,,exhibition4--#ahgi-ahhj4 ,,extracts ,,from ,,the ,,report ,,of ,,the ,,judges ,,in ,,horology4 ,,department ,,iii4--,,education ,,and ,,science4 ,group--,scientific and ,philosophical ,instruments and ,methods4 ,class #caj4--;,chronometric ,apparatus1 ,chronometers1 ,astronomical ,clocks1 ,watches1 ,chronographs1 etc41 etc4 ,judges4--,john ,mc,garvie ,smith1 ,new ,south ,wales4 ,p4 ,e4 ,bound1 ,switzerland4 ,h4 ,c4 ,russell1 ,b4,a41 ,f4,r4,a4,s41 ,great ,britain4 ,e4 ,beckmann1 ,germany4 ,gregory ,p4 ,harte1 ,united ,states4 ,to the ,honorable ,committee on ,judging and ,awards1 ,sydney ,international ,exhibition4 ,,gentlemen3 ,i have the honor to hand you herewith the report of the judges of ,class #caj1 as above1 ,and remain1 sirs1 your obedient servant1 ,,gregory ,p4 ,,harte1 ,chairman4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the following exhibits were submitted for examination3 ,u4 ,s4 ,exhibit1 #ecg1 ,american ,watch ,company1 ,waltham1 ,mass41 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4--,watches and ,chronographs4 ,british ,exhibit1 #a1jdh1 ,victor ,kullberg1 ,london1 ,england--,watches and ,chronographs4 ,british ,exhibit1 #a1jed1 ,nicole ,nielsen1 ,london1 ,england--,watches1 ,chronographs1 etc4 ,british ,exhibit1 #a1jfj1 ,t4 ,russell ,sons1 ,london1 ,england--,watches1 ,chronographs1 etc4 ,british ,exhibit1 #a1jda1 ,castleberg ,co41 ,london1 ,england--,watches1 etc4 ,british ,exhibit1 #a1jfj;a1 ,s4 ,backschmid1 ,switzerland--,watches4 99 99 99 99 99 ,german ,exhibit1 #cf1 ,a4 ,lange ,sons1 ,dresden1 ,germany--,watches1 etc4 ,swiss ,exhibit1 ,l4 ,audemars1 ,brassus1 ,switzerland--,watches1 etc4 ,french ,exhibit1 #adf1 ,a4 ,h4 ,rodanet1 ,paris1 ,france--,chronometers4 ,french ,exhibit1 #agg1 ,g4 ,tribandeau1 ,besancon1 ,france--,watches4 ,swiss ,exhibit1 #ad;a1 ,international ,watch ,company--,watches4 ,in presenting the following report1 the judges desire to make some explanations1 which1 we trust1 will excuse them in the minds of the impartial for any apparent neglect in the form of their report1 and for the limited number of tests made of the horological exhibits4 ,the judges were appointed too late to do the full amount required1 inasmuch as the number of exhibits was so much in excess of any reasonable allotment for examination and report before the closing of the ,exhibition4 ,commencing their labors1 however1 immediately after the first call1 the examinations were not complete until ,march #c;d1 which only permitted a time test to be made of nine days in a single position4 ,this single position was objected to by some of the exhibitors1 but ill-advisedly1 for the ratings observed in the watches of the objecting exhibitors were of such character as to establish in the minds of the judges the conclusion that their watches would not have made so good a comparative showing if there had been more time to observe the ratings in other positions4 ,great care was taken by the individual judges in making up their note books during the examination of the watches1 and scrutinizing the inherent and comparative merits of exhibits under the ten different heads unanimously agreed upon1 as follows3 #a4 ,originality4 #b4 ,invention and discovery4 #c4 ,utility and quality of material4 #d4 ,skill in workmanship4 #e4 ,fitness for purposes intended4 #f4 ,adaptation to public wants4 #g4 ,economy4 #h4 ,cost4 #i4 ,finish and elegance of cases4 #aj4 ,time-keeping qualities4 ,it was agreed the judges should use the number #ajj as expressing the highest degree of excellence in each of these ten elements of inherent and comparative merit1 and adjudge individually to each of the several exhibits such rating as their respective judgments would warrant after careful examination2 each set of opinions being made a portion of this report1 and in the resume the mean average being taken as the unanimous verdict of the judges4 ,it was also decided we should take up each exhibit in the order originally examined1 and1 beginning with the first element of merit 7originality71 each judge should in numbers express his judgment of the inherent and comparative merit attaching to each exhibit in this one element2 this being done1 to proceed with each succeeding element in order and in the same manner4 ,the five judgments being complete and in numbers1 the aggregated verdict is arrived at simply by addition and division4 ,this is not only a verdict as to the inherent and comparative merits of each exhibit1 but also a full analysis of each order of merit in any exhibit as compared with all the others4444 ,in giving this verdict it was absolutely necessary to ascertain to the fullest extent the time-keeping qualities of the exhibits4 ,the judges were led to this conclusion from the fact that in some of the exhibits we were shown watches of equal finish containing every known application of horological science in practically the same construction1 which should1 as far as they could determine by merely optical examination1 keep quite as good time as watches of double and treble the costs in other exhibits1 thus involving their judgment in doubt upon several elements of merit4 ,in justice to themselves and to the exhibitors the judges determined to make the test in only one position1 and give the whole of the time at their disposal to testing the watches in what might be considered their normal position1 if such term is allowable--that is1 pendent up1 or hanging4 ,at the solicitations of the judges ,prof4 ,h4 ,c4 ,russell1 ,astronomer ,royal at the ,sydney ,observatory1 kindly consented to make the tests1 and each of the exhibitors was requested to send three watches of his own selection to the ,observatory for this trial4 ,as will be seen by the report of ,professor ,russell1 eight of the ten exhibitors availed themselves of this opportunity4 ,it is proper1 however1 to state here that none of the exhibitors apparently anticipated this test1 and that it is possible some of the watches might have made a better record if they had been differently attended to since the opening of the ,exhibition2 but they were in this respect all upon a par4 ,the majority of the watches had been made for exhibition purposes and specially prepared to that end2 and some had been previously rated at observatories before sending4 ,notably1 however1 to the contrary of the above1 the exhibit of the ,american ,watch ,company was the ordinary and regular product of the factory1 such as is finished every day4 ,notwithstanding the possibility that these exhibits might have been better prepared for observatory time tests1 some of the exhibits1 as will be seen by the rating1 demonstrate the wonderful advances made in the application of horological sciences to the manufacture of watches1 and that their rating is being made equal to that of the best marine chronometers4 ,the following is the report of ,professor ,russell1 and the accompanying diagram 7see next page7 will readily give an idea of the comparative performance of the different watches4 ,sydney ,observatory1 #bfth ,february1 #ahhj4 ,,gregory ,p4 ,,harte1 ,,esq41 ,chairman of the ,judges in ,horology4 ,,sir3 ,i have the honor to report that1 in response to your circular1 inviting exhibitors of watches each to send three watches to the ,observatory to be tested1 ,i received on ,monday1 ,february #afth3 ,three watches1 ,nos4 #faa1 #ffi1 #bcg1 from ,mr4 ,dolman1 agent for ,mr4 ,tribandeau1 ,besancon4 ,three watches1 ,nos4 #ihgbga1 #fgjjfh1 #abbaccf1 from ,mr4 ,manson1 agent for ,waltham ,watch ,company4 ,three watches1 ,nos4 #caga1 #aice1 #bebf1 from ,mr4 ,allerding1 agent for ,mr4 ,kullberg4 ,and on the forenoon of ,february #agth3 ,three watches1 ,nos4 #aaebg1 #aiifg1 #abfbi1 from ,mr4 ,hoffnung1 agent for ,lange ,sons4 ,three watches1 ,nos4 #ajjd1 #hfcb1 #hcgj1 from ,mr4 ,jacob1 as agent for ,nicole ,nielsen4 ,three watches1 ,nos4 #gjfij1 #bcdif1 #aaceaf1 from ,mr4 ,jacob1 as agent for ,thomas ,russell ,sons4 ,one watch1 ,no4 #dgaej1 from ,mr4 ,jacob1 as agent for ,castleberg4 ,three watches1 ,nos4 #abgca1 #abdhc1 #aafhj1 from ,mr4 ,wiesener1 as agent for ,l4 ,audemars4 ,and on #ahth ,february3 ,two watches1 ,nos4 #bgbd1 #cebh1 from ,mr4 ,jacob1 as agent for ,castleberg4 ,on the #agth ,i began rating these watches1 keeping them all in one position 7hanging71 and subject to the same conditions of temperature2 in fact1 they were all hung on one board1 and kept in a compartment locked up so as to avoid change of temperature1 except such changes as were due to changes in the weather4 ,they were rated once a day by the standard clock1 which affords special convenience for this work1 and the error of which was found by daily astronomical observations giving the absolute time2 great care was taken in rating so as to get the exact error of each watch every day1 care being taken at the same time to avoid errors in the seconds dials1 a fault sufficiently obvious in some of these exhibits4 ,in presenting the result of this test in the form of a diagram 7see diagram on the opposite page71 it is necessary to explain that the curves show only the change of rate in each case1 and nothing is shown here of the actual rate1 which was large in several instances4 ,in the diagram spaces between faint lines represent seconds2 and the thicker faint lines represent the mean rate in each case3 ,when the curve rises it shows that the watch was gaining on its previous rate1 and when it falls the watch was losing on its previous rate4 ,for example1 in ,no4 #d curve the thicker line shows the position of a gaining rate of #c sec4 per day2 on the #ahth1 watch ,no4 #d had a gaining rate of #b4g sec41 and is plotted below the thick line2 on the #aith and #bjth it was less than #c sec41 but on the #bast the rate increased to #d4h sec41 and the curve rises above the line4 ,the same rule is followed with losing rates2 and1 therefore1 each curve shows whether the watch was gaining or losing on its own rate4 ,for convenient reference the barometer and temperature curves are plotted on the same sheet2 although from the short time at command the watches could only be tested in one position1 a glance at the diagram will show that in some degree at least the temperature adjustment and the isochronal properties of the balance springs were also tested2 and ,i wish to call your attention to the fact that the whole of these show in a more or less degree a marked response to the change in temperature1 some being over and others under corrected4 ,this fact is important1 because it adds another proof that the old form of compensation balance--even when combined with chronometer spring and escapement and all the refinements which the best modern workman can add to it--fails to yield a complete correction for temperature2 and ,i much regret that the ,american ,watch ,company1 who claim to have overcome this fault by means of a balance involving a new arrangement of the metals1 did not send to be tested any of their first-class watches containing this important improvement4 ,several of the rate curves1 especially ,nos4 #d1 #aj1 #ac1 #af1 #ba1 and #bd1 respond to the change in the barometer in a way that shows the isochronal properties of their balance springs are not quite perfect4 ,looking down the curves it becomes at once evident that watch ,no4 #e1 which is ,no4 #fgjjfh1 second grade of the ,american ,watch ,company1 is remarkably free from these defects1 and presents the best rate of all the watches tested4 ,no4 #i1 which is ,no4 #bebf1 ,kullberg1 is the nearest approach to ,no4 #e2 indeed1 the difference between its highest and lowest rates is #j4a sec4 less than ,no4 #e1 but it has not such a steady rate4 ,the timekeeping of both these watches is remarkably good1 and shows that we have entered upon a new era in the manufacture of pocket chronometers2 for these rates are better than the majority of marine chronometers4 ,among the cheaper watches tested1 ,no4 #f1 which is ,no4 #abbaccf1 of the ,american ,watch ,company1 is worthy of notice2 it is a watch of the sixth grade1 yet its performance has been better than that of many very expensive and otherwise first-class watches among those tested2 such a watch speaks volumes in favor of the system under which it was made1 and is the best comment upon the accuracy of the machines that produced it4 ,there are several watches among those tested which have kept wonderfully steady rates1 but their comparative merit is shown in the diagrams much better than it could be by any description4 ,the daily rate of each watch will be found in a table attached4 ,the changes in ,nos4 #a1 #b1 #c1 #ag1 and #ai were too great to plot4 ,h4 ,c4 ,,russell1 ,government ,astronomer4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,conclusion ,,of ,,the ,,report4 ,in consideration of the facts developed in this examination1 and the preponderance of elements of inherent and comparative merit adjudged by the judges 7each in independent judgment7 being equal to nearly #gj per cent4 more than the next highest exhibit1 they have found it exceedingly difficult to make such a classification in degree as will give even-handed justice to all4 ,we adjudge to the ,,american ,,watch ,,company1 ,,of ,,waltham1 ,,mass41 ,u4 ,s4 ,a41 a first-class award1 and such other special distinction1 diploma1 medal1 or award1 as is consistent with the duties and obligations of the honorable ,sydney ,international ,commission1 for the largest and most complete exhibit of horological instruments examined4 ,they also propose1 as the only means by which their appreciation of the merits of the production of this company can be adequately or equitably recognized by the ,committee on ,judging and ,awards1 that a separate first-class award be given for the timekeeping qualities of all grades of these watches4 ,also a separate first-class award for the perfection of this system of watchmaking and the improvements in the mechanical parts of the watch1 being notably in the main spring and going barrel1 the patent safety pinion1 the perfect epicycloidal form of all the teeth of the train1 in every grade of watch alike1 and the isochronal adjustment of the balance spring4 ,also to ,charles ,v4 ,woerd1 mechanical superintendent of the ,american ,watch ,company1 ,waltham1 ,mass41 ,u4 ,s4 ,a41 a first-class award for his new mode of compensating balances4 ,also a separate first-class award for the improvements in cases1 the number of artistic forms and designs used1 the beauty and elegance of their finish1 and for their new and indestructible method of enameling4 ,,victor ,,kullberg ,the display of marine chronometers by this maker1 with the ,observatory ratings1 was of the very first order4 ,every part of those instruments was remarkably well made1 and the modifications of some of the balance wheels worthy of special attention4 ,adjudged a first-class award4 ,the display of watches by the same maker1 although small1 commanded attention from their very nice finish in all parts4 ,as will be seen from the report and diagram of ,professor ,russell1 they are good timekeepers1 especially the one having the chronometer escapement4 ,this style of watch1 however1 is of too delicate construction and too costly to fully meet the requirements of any considerable public want4 ,the same objection will hold good as to the lever escapements as far as cost or economy is concerned1 they being comparatively too high priced4 ,representing a certain class of manufacture1 they are of the first order of merit1 and adjudged a first-class award4 ,the gas governor exhibited by the same maker1 an instrument for regulating the amount of heat in the testing of chronometers1 is commended as a useful invention4 ,continued on page #aj4 ,,resume ,,of ,,the ,,jury',s ,,examination page #i 99 99 99 99 99 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,,american ,,names ,,watch ,thos4 ,castle- ,,of ,,company1 ,victor ,nicole ,russell berg ,,exhibitors4 ,,waltham4,kullberg4,nielsen4 ,sons4,company4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,originality4 #ih #j #bh #h #j ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,invention #ie #j #bb #j #j discovery4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,utility and quality of #ie #gc #dg #be #bi material4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,skill in #ic #hj #eh #cj #cj workmanship4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,fitness for purposes #ajj #hi #gj #cf #cf intended4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,adaptation to #ajj #ec #fj #cd #da public wants4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,economy4 #ajj #eg #dh #bb #be ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,cost4 #ajj #fe #ch #bf #cb ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,finish and elegance #ajj #gc #gf #db #db of cases4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,timekeeping #ajj #if #hj #dd #ec qualities4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,totals #iha #ehf #ebg #bfg #bhh ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,cont4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,inter- ,,names national ,,of ,s4 ,back-,a ,lange ,louis ,g4 ,tri- ,watch ,,exhibitors4 schmid4 ,sons4,audemars4bandeau4,company4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,originality4 #j #de #ih #j #j ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,invention #j #cc #bd #j #j discovery4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,utility and quality of #aa #fh #gc #aj #cb material4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,skill in #aa #hc #he #ai #ca workmanship4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,fitness for purposes #g #hf #hj #ae #cg intended4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,adaptation to #ae #gc #ed #ae #di public wants4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,economy4 #ab #ei #dd #ah #da ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,cost4 #aj #gi #eh #ai #fc ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,finish and elegance #aj #ga #gf #bj #j of cases4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,timekeeping #j #hi #gi #j #j qualities4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,totals #gf #fhf #fga #aaf #bhg ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,illustration3 ,,facsimile ,,diagram ,,showing ,,the ,,change ,,in ,,rate ,,of ,,watches ,,tested ,,at ,,the ,,observatory1 ,,sydney1 ,,february #ag ,,to #bf1 #ahhj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sydney ,,international ,,exhibition4 page #aj ,continued from page #h4 ,,nicole ,,nielsen4 ,this exhibit1 made specially for the ,exhibition1 comprised a full line of plain levers1 split seconds1 chronographs1 calendars1 repeaters1 etc41 and was a representative display of their peculiar style of manufacture in all its details4 ,the cost of these watches1 compared with others of similar construction and finish1 was excessive2 and while they show good timekeeping qualities1 they do not equal that of other exhibits4 ,as representing their own methods of construction they are of the first order of merit1 and are adjudged a first-class award4 ,,thos4 ,,russell ,,sons exhibit a full line of their manufacture1 which1 upon comparison with other exhibits of the same general character and construction1 places them in the third order of merit1 and they are adjudged a third-class award4 ,s4 ,,backschmid exhibits a class of cheap watches of very inferior workmanship and finish1 of the last order of merit1 and adjudged a fourth-class award4 ,n4 ,,castleberg ,,co4 exhibit a meritorious line of watches in many respects1 of good finish1 and not excessively high priced for their performances2 of the second order of merit1 and adjudged a second class award4 ,a4 ,,lange ,,sons exhibit a class of watches possessing many elements of merit1 and of superior finish in many respects and at a cost which is quite reasonable4 ,that the watches are constructed upon scientific principles and are intended as reliable timepieces1 is shown from ,observatory tests4 ,the variations show that care has been taken to approximate a perfect adjustment1 and that a partial success has been attained4 ,a peculiarity in the construction of the balance wheel--having a horizontal split from the timing second holes each way--is noticeable1 which we fail to understand4 ,this exhibit was made expressly for this ,exhibition1 and ,observatory rates sent with each watch1 and1 as a representative exhibit1 although small1 was the second best examined1 and is1 in its class1 of the first order of merit1 and adjudged a first-class award4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,louis ,,audemars exhibits a wonderful class of complicated watches1 calendars1 repeaters1 chronographs1 etc41 etc41 combined in one watch1 and elaborately cased and artistically finished4 ,the great element of merit in this exhibit is in the combination of the great number of unusual functions for a watch1 and by skill in workmanship and mechanical science securing a correct performance4 ,the enormous cost of these watches is an effectual embargo on their use to any except the very few1 and their utility is1 therefore1 very limited4 ,in their class they are1 however1 of the first order of merit1 and adjudged a first-class award4 ,g4 ,,tribandeau exhibits a considerable collection of watches in a great variety of cases1 of a class of workmanship1 finish1 and performance calling for the fourth order of merit1 and are adjudged a fourth-class award4 ,a4 ,h4 ,,rodanet exhibits two marine chronometers only1 one of which was broken and the other out of order2 commended4 ,,international ,,watch ,,company exhibit a collection of watches of the third order of merit1 and adjudged a third-class award4 ,in concluding this report1 the judges very much regret the limitation in time which has prevented them securing position tests of this very interesting exhibit in horology1 as much on account of the exhibitors as on their own account4 ,such advances have in the last few years been made in this science that1 in the interest of the public as well as of the manufacturers1 a sufficiency of time is desirable to make tests in five or six positions1 and fourteen days should be allowed to each position4 ,tests for heat and cold1 and an opportunity to carefully note barometric and thermometric influences upon the various systems of adjustment1 would be very valuable and interesting4 ,respectfully1 etc41 ,,gregory ,p4 ,,harte1 ,chairman1 ,united ,states4 ,h4 ,c4 ,,russell1 ,b4,a41 ,f4,r4,a4,s41 ,great ,britain4 ,j4 ,mc,g,a,r,v,i,e ,,smith1 ,new ,south ,wales4 ,p4 ,e4 ,,bound1 ,switzerland4 ,e4 ,,beckmann1 ,germany4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,corn ,,magnets4 ,every kind of salve or lotion that is supposed to remove or relieve corns meets with a large sale4 ,corn files and pencils are getting stale1 and an enterprising inhabitant of ,dresden has lately brought out what he calls a corn magnet4 ,it is evident that it is as unlike a magnet as possible1 for an examination shows that it is made of sulphur colored with graphite4 ,the directions are to set fire to one end1 and let a drop of the melted sulphur fall upon the corn4 ,a convenient and agreeable operation1 especially if the corn is on the bottom of the foot4 ,it is needless to say that the corn usually survives the slight burn and lives to torment the owner again4 ,all burns1 whether by caustic or otherwise1 should be avoided4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,experiments ,,on ,,the ,,resistance ,,of ,,materials4 ,prof4 ,j4 ,burkitt ,webb1 ,c4,e41 now in ,europe1 writes as follows3 ,on the invitation of ,prof4 ,spangenberg we visited the ,versuchsstation1 at the ,gewerbe-,akademie1 where the important experiments upon materials for engineering purposes are being made4 ,these tests are of two kinds--trials of strength and trials of endurance4 ,the first are made by means of very heavy and accurate machinery1 mostly new within the last two or three years2 the latter are the celebrated ,dauer-,versuche1 a description of which we will reserve for another letter4 ,the main machine1 of which there are three or four duplicates at work at various points in ,germany1 is housed in a special building in the interior court of the academy4 ,it consists of heavy iron ways1 some fifty feet long1 accurately planed and secured to a stone foundation1 with a hydraulic pump and scales at one end1 and a number of massive attachments for subjecting the piece of iron or other material to various kinds of strains4 ,there are also other instruments which belong to the machine as delicate as it is heavy1 and which are used for adjusting the parts of the apparatus1 reading the results of a test1 or making calculations4 ,this machine differs from others in the way of measuring the force used4 ,it has been the custom to take the pressure on the liquid in the hydraulic cylinder1 as shown by a manometer1 as the basis of calculation4 ,this introduces an inaccuracy1 as part of this is due to the friction on the piston packing1 and the true pressure is less than that shown by this irregular quantity4 ,to avoid this difficulty a massive lever is introduced between the hydraulic press and the point where its pressure is applied4 ,one arm of this lever is one-eighth inch long1 and the other five hundred times as long1 so that to measure a pressure of one hundred tons1 four hundred pounds must be placed on the scale pan which hangs from the end of the long end of the lever4 ,the fulcrum rests against the piston1 and the short end of the lever is connected by heavy links with the apparatus by means of which the strain is applied4 ,technically speaking the fulcra of scales are knife edges1 but to convey a pressure of one hundred tons and remain free to move1 these edges must be very obtuse1 perhaps #afj deg4 to #agj deg42 they must be as long as possible1 some fifteen inches1 of the best hardened steel1 accurately ground1 and must rest against a hardened plate of steel4 ,made with the greatest care the sharp edge under such a pressure will sometimes make a dent in the plate and the scales are clogged4 ,as it is very difficult to measure the one-eighth inch with accuracy1 another lever is provided with a ratio of one to ten1 and with a short arm long enough to be made of a certain length with but a small percentage of error4 ,to test the main lever this occupies essentially the same place as a sample of iron to be stretched2 it is loaded with1 say1 two hundred pounds1 which it multiplies to a ton2 this pressure is then weighed by placing four pounds upon the main scale pan1 and the fulcrum of the main lever is adjusted until the two weights balance4 ,the attachments consist of3 ,i4 ,jaws for holding round1 square1 and flat bars to be submitted to tension4 ,,ii4 ,arrangements for holding beams and columns in various ways at their ends1 and compressing them until they are crushed or buckle4 ,,iii4 ,two massive graduated iron beams1 which are placed crosswise on the ways1 and used for twisting shafts1 railroad axles1 etc4 ,,iv4 ,a face plate1 about four feet square1 for holding plates of boiler iron nearly as large by the perimeter1 and crushing in the middle by forcing various shaped pieces against it4 ,v4 ,apparatus for bending a beam by crushing an angular piece into it2 and in the same connection1 ,,vi4 ,shears for cutting off bars of metal and measuring the force required4 ,in connection with this main machine were some1 quite old1 which had been used in the infancy of the subject by a former professor1 and a new special machine for the same purpose as attachment ,v41 and which seemed to kink a piece of railroad iron as if it were only lead4 ,in this the pressure was obtained by screws4 ,among the instruments used for the adjustment of the parts of the main machine we saw the finest cathetometer we had ever seen4 ,this instrument1 by ,breithaupt1 in ,cassel1 has two telescopes1 with micrometer screws with more than one hundred and twenty-five threads per inch1 and scales graduated on glass with more than six hundred and twenty five divisions to the inch4 ,another instrument for measuring the deflection1 in two directions at once1 of a column under pressure1 has micrometer screws with more than two hundred and fifty threads per inch4 ,we saw also a planimeter1 which not only calculated mechanically the area of a figure1 but gave also its center of gravity1 moment of inertia1 etc4 ,we saw also a ,french calculating machine2 the other apparatus is1 we believe1 all ,german4 ,if one is1 however1 critical1 it will be found in many lines of business that all the fine goods here are imported1 though naturally the ,germans are slow to acknowledge it4 ,we witnessed the experiments on a sample of round iron over an inch in diameter1 and on a piece of iron plate three inches wide by half an inch thick4 ,it is perhaps needless to say that they seemed to stretch like putty and to break like thread4 ,the pressure is put on a few hundred pounds at a time1 and the elongation is read by two telescopes and a scale1 which multiply the distance five hundred times4 ,at the same time the first elastic limit is watched for4 ,before this is arrived at the piece will return to its original length when the tension is removed2 after this the stretching is in part permanent4 ,one of the facts brought out is that there are several elastic limits1 in copper seven or eight4 ,the appearance of the surface after the elastic limit is passed and the iron stretches is peculiar4 ,a wavy appearance is seen1 and longitudinal ridges begin to form1 due to the changes going on in the crystals1 by which they adapt themselves to the increased length4 ,after a further general adaptation of structure becomes impossible1 these appearances culminate in the weakest part4 ,the apparatus for measuring the increase in length has long since been removed1 and the places where it was attached have been filed smooth to avoid introducing the weak point artificially4 ,the diameter of this part now reduces rapidly1 and the surface becomes rough and the iron hot--you can see it stretch4 ,when it has reduced twenty-five or more per cent4 it gives way suddenly with a sharp crack4 ,the percentage of reduction before breaking is now recorded with the observations on the elasticity and the breaking strain1 and the experiment is at an end4 ,it suggested itself to see if the work done in pulling the iron apart was fully accounted for by the heat generated4 ,we could easily calculate the work up to the point of maximum tension1 but after this the force required was not measured2 however1 a rough calculation showed that the iron was as hot as required1 or at least that the data would require to be quite complete if any residual was to be found4 ,berlin1 ,may #ac1 #ahhj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,engineering ,,inventions4 ,an improved wheel guard1 which will push any obstacles on the track aside1 and which can be adjusted to a greater or less height above the rails1 has been patented by ,mr4 ,solomon ,brisac1 of ,new ,york city4 ,it consists in a wheel guard formed of a metallic box with a beveled front side1 which box is adjustably fastened to the front end of a recessed plate resting on and partially surrounding the grease box4 ,the box is braced by means of a rod attached to its forward end and passing into a socket fastened to the bottom of the car4 ,an improved water motor1 constructed on the general principle of a rotary engine1 in which two compartments are arranged side by side1 with a partition intervening1 and in which the sliding pistons in the piston wheels in the two compartments are arranged at right angles to each other1 has been patented by ,mr4 ,william ,e4 ,seelye1 of ,anoka1 ,minn4 ,mr4 ,stephen ,barnes1 of ,new ,haven1 ,conn41 has invented a vibrating propeller1 adapted to small boats and vessels to be operated by either hand or steam power4 ,the floats are arranged so that they will offer no resistance on the return stroke4 ,an improved device for removing snow from railway tracks1 and especially from between the rails1 has been patented by ,mr4 ,david ,m4 ,horton1 of ,fishkill ,village1 ,n4 ,y4 ,it consists of a revolving brush1 a mould board in juxtaposition thereto1 and a fan blower1 in combination with suitable driving gear for propelling the brush and fan4 ,an improvement in steam traps1 patented by ,mr4 ,hugh ,o4 ,ames1 of ,new ,orleans1 ,la41 consists in combining with a vibratory arm carrying a water receiver1 a side apertured hollow trunnion1 a discharge pipe1 a jacketed standard1 and an outlet pipe4 ,an improved cotton press has been patented by ,mr4 ,alfred ,a4 ,janney1 of ,montgomery1 ,ala4 ,this invention relates to an improvement in the class of cotton and hay presses in which the follower is worked by a screw that passes through a nut1 to which the required rotary motion is imparted by means of lateral sweeps or levers4 ,it consists in the means for supporting and securing the levers and forming a vertical guide for the screw1 so that the levers are prevented from rocking or swaying as power is applied in the operation of packing4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,improved ,,steam ,,canal ,,boat4 ,the late experiments in canal steamboats bid fair to be a complete success4 ,the ,baxter steamers were not sufficiently remunerative to continue the building of that kind of boat4 ,they do not carry a sufficient load1 owing to their build1 and that is made necessary by the form and arrangement of the machinery and propelling power1 the propeller being that form used by the tug in ,buffalo4 ,the new style1 which bids to pay handsomely1 is as full a bow and stern as the ordinary first-class canal boat4 ,the propelling power is radically different from the tug propeller4 ,the wheel is eight feet in diameter and placed close to the stern2 the boiler is upright1 with a single engine1 very compact machinery1 taking up no more room than the stable in many boats1 and enabling the boat to carry #g1ejj bushels of corn and coal for the trip4 ,with this cargo they run from ,buffalo to ,new ,york in seven days on five and a half gross tons of coal1 saving river and harbor towing4 ,one returned from ,new ,york to ,buffalo in one hour less than seven days1 bringing one hundred and thirty tons of freight4 ,the outlook now promises to supersede mule and horse towing4 ,the ,belgian system of cable towing will take that large number of boats now relying on the mule1 and deliver them promptly as consigned and in much less time and cost than can be done by the mule4 ,both systems are necessary for rapid movement on the canal1 and to cheapen the transfer from the ,west to the seaboard4 ,steam is sure to supersede animal power on the canal1 as everywhere else4 ,the canal steamboats are at last so far perfected as to insure a handsome profit in running them1 and a large number will soon be at work on the canal4 ,two are to be constructed in ,lockport as speedily as possible by one of our most enterprising boat builders1 and the machinery is contracted for1 thus opening up a new industry for our numerous and worthy mechanics4--,lockport 7,n4 ,y47 ,journal4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,astronomical ,,notes4 ,,observatory ,,of ,,vassar ,,college4 ,the computations in the following notes are by students of ,vassar ,college4 ,although merely approximate1 they are sufficiently accurate to enable the ordinary observer to find the planets4 ,m4 ,m4 ,,positions ,,of ,,planets ,,for ,,july1 #ahhj4 ,,mercury4 ,on ,july #a ,mercury sets a few minutes after #i in the evening4 ,mercury can be readily found1 early in ,july1 a few degrees south of the point of sunset2 the planet moves rapidly southward1 but can be followed1 and may be seen as late as the #bjth4 ,on ,july #ah ,mercury has nearly the declination of ,regulus4 ,,venus4 ,venus keeps nearly the path of the sun1 setting after the sun late in ,july1 but so nearly with it that the planet is not likely to be seen4 ,,mars4 ,mars has moved from its position nearly in line with ,castor and ,pollux toward ,leo4 ,it sets on ,july #a at #i;h4 #ddm4 ,p4,m4 ,on the #cast ,mars sets at #h;h4 #cbm4 ,on the #cast1 at meridian passage1 ,mars and ,uranus are nearly together4 ,uranus is east of ,mars and half a degree south4 ,,jupiter4 ,jupiter is coming into the evening hours4 ,on ,july #a ,jupiter rises a few minutes after midnight4 ,on ,july #ca ,jupiter rises a few minutes after #aj ,p4,m4 ,it will be known at once by its brilliancy4 ,besides the ordinary belts of ,jupiter the planet still shows at this time 7,june #aj7 the large ruddy spot spoken of by many persons some weeks since4 ,this spot is elliptical in shape2 its longest diameter is about one-fifth that of ,jupiter4 ,a small glass will show it1 and the ordinary observer can1 by watching its appearance and disappearance and reappearance1 determine the time of rotation of ,jupiter on its axis1 or the length of the planet's day4 ,the best evenings for looking at ,jupiter are those of ,july #bc1 when the satellite nearest to ,jupiter goes across its face1 preceded by its shadow2 ,july #bh1 when the first and second satellites will make similar transits2 and ,july #bi1 when ,jupiter will rise without the presence of its third satellite1 which will be in eclipse1 and will come out of the shadow after midnight4 ,,saturn4 ,saturn follows close upon ,jupiter1 but keeps further north in declination by about #ba_/b deg44 ,on ,july #a ,saturn rises #cfm4 after midnight4 ,on the #cast ,saturn rises at #aj;h4 #chm4 ,p4,m4 ,the waning moon will pass north of ,jupiter and ,saturn on the #bgth to #bhth4 ,any one who has a glass sufficient to show the ring of ,saturn and the largest satellite1 ,titan1 will find this planet intensely interesting1 and the movements of the satellite will show the time of its revolution in its orbit around ,saturn4 ,,uranus4 ,uranus rises after the sun1 and sets too nearly with the sun to be seen4 ,,neptune4 ,neptune may be seen1 with a good telescope1 in the early morning hour4 ,neptune is #ba_/d deg4 west of ,alpha ,ceti1 and #aa deg4 north4 ,it approaches ,alpha ,ceti during the month1 and if it can be found1 may be known to be a planet by that movement4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,fires ,,in ,,new ,,york4 ,the report of the ,board of ,fire ,commissioners1 just printed1 shows that during the year #ahgi there were in this city #a1eea fires1 of which #a1jbi were discovered by persons not connected with the ,fire or ,police ,department4 ,in #a1def cases the fires were confined to the buildings in which they originated4 ,twenty-five buildings were totally destroyed1 and #fi were greatly damaged4 ,of all the fires1 #a1jja were extinguished by buckets of water and fire extinguishers4 ,the total estimated loss by fire during the year was #ijj1bhj on buildings and #d1gga1cjj on stock1 making a total of #e1fga1ehj4 ,the estimated insurances on the buildings were #g1bgf1ddf1 and on stock1 #ad1ebe1bfd1 making a total of #ba1hja1gaj4 ,the estimated uninsured loss was #ahj1jfj4 ,in three cases the loss was between #ajj1jjj and #aae1jjj2 in one case #afh1ijh2 in one case #ceb1ahe2 in one case #ccc1ijj2 and in one case #a1igh1iia4 ,in #a1jff cases the loss was less than #ajj4 ,nearly a quarter of all the fires were caused by carelessness1 and #ajj are attributed to children playing with matches and fire4 ,forty fires were caused by the spontaneous combustion of oily rags and other materials1 and #ic by exploding kerosene lamps4 ,four members of the department and #ab citizens died of injuries received at fires during the year1 and #aci firemen and #ed citizens were more or less injured4 ,there are #gbi uniformed members of the department ,the pay roll of the whole department for #ahgi was #a1jcj1hbb4ad1 and the appropriation for all expenses was #a1bed1igj4 ,the appropriation for the present year is #a1cjg1fgj4 ,the department now possesses #bcc horses1 #a marine steam fire engine1 #eh steam fire engines1 of which #e are self propelling1 #aj chemical engines1 #bd hook and ladder trucks1 #ajh chemical fire extinguishers1 and #d aerial ladders1 together with other fire apparatus4 ,the annual inspection of the department showed that the quickest average time in hitching a team was #c4ag seconds1 and in hitching a single horse1 #e4ff seconds4 ,the general average in hitching all apparatus was1 in #ahgi1 #i4ed seconds2 in #ahgh1 #aj4bf seconds2 and in #ahgg1 #ac4jc seconds4 ,during the year1 #cj1cjj was collected for licenses for the sale of kerosene oil1 each license costing #aj4 ,the ,fire ,department ,relief ,fund now amounts to #dbb1efi4jg1 and the insurance fund to #ab1ghj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,aspirator ,,and ,,compressor4 ,professor ,marangoni1 of ,pavia1 has invented an aspirator for measuring gases which is much simpler than many now in use in laboratories1 which latter have the defect that the air or gas ascends through the descending liquid and makes thus the measuring of the former uncertain4 ,the improved apparatus is shown in our illustration4 ,it consists of two vessels attached to a fixed horizontal shaft1 ,,fe1 which is placed upon two upright supports4 ,this shaft has several ways or passages made in it which performs the functions of the taps4 ,the water of the upper receptacle passes into the lower one by the passage1 ,a1 and thence through the tube1 ,,bc1 issuing at its lowest extremity at ,c4 ,the air contained in the lower vessel is thus emitted by the channel ,,de1 cut into the shaft1 while the air or gas is aspirated in the same ratio by the passage and tube1 ,,fg4 ,the apparatus acts thus at the same time as aspirator and compressor4 ,it is simple1 and will be a useful addition to the laboratory4 ,illustration 99 99 99 99 99 ,,new ,,photoglyptic ,,process4#a ,footnote #a3 ,a communication to the ,photographic ,society of ,france4 ,,walter ,b4 ,,woodbury4 ,it is now thirteen years since ,i had the honor of introducing in ,france my new photoglyptic process1 which1 up to the present time1 has remained in the hands of very few1 owing to the great expense hitherto necessary to start the working of it4 ,for some time ,i have been engaged in making experiments with a view to discover a system which should be at the same time simple and inexpensive2 and the process which ,i have this evening the honor to bring before your notice is the result of my researches4 ,the summary of the new system is as follows3 ,to obtain from negatives reliefs on glass similar to transparencies by the carbon process1 but modified in the quantity of materials used4 ,to attach1 and keep in absolute contact with the relief so obtained1 a sheet of tin foil4 ,to solidify this sheet of tinfoil by coating it with copper2 then backing it up with another sheet of plate glass covered with a composition2 and then to detach the whole from the first relief--the result being a mould ready to place in the press and print one thousand or more proofs4 ,i commence by showing you the relief made from the negative1 and explaining how this is obtained4 ,i take a sheet of plate glass of a convenient size1 and place it in hot water1 together with a sheet of paper a little smaller2 then1 having driven out the excess of water by means of a squeegee1 ,i place it on a leveling stand4 ,having prepared a solution composed of gelatine #bjj parts1 water #a1jjj parts1 glycerine #bj parts1 white sugar #cj parts1 with a little ,indian ink1 and filtered the same1 ,i pour a sufficient quantity on the paper and spread it up to the corners with the finger4 ,these plates are then dried in a dry place and can be kept until wanted4 ,to sensitize the plates ,i employ a bath of bichromate of potash of six per cent41 and again dry them4 ,without doubt this method is rather long2 but one should consider that each proof made is capable of giving five or ten thousand prints if necessary1 as the same relief will make many printing moulds4 ,i tried1 with the aid of the ,autotype ,company1 of ,london1 to get a suitable tissue2 but as this requires a uniform thickness of half a millimeter the ordinary system did not succeed4 ,when the sensitized plate is dry the edges are cut with a knife1 the glasses serving over and over again4 ,i show you a piece of this prepared paper4 ,as in the carbon process1 it is necessary to place a border of black paper at the back of the negative1 and to cut the sensitized tissue a little larger than the opening4 ,after the exposure the gelatine is fixed on a collodionized glass by placing them both in water and squeegeeing the surface2 but in dry weather it is as well to use albumen in place of collodion1 as used by ,m4 ,ferrier for his transparencies in carbon4 ,the glass holding the gelatine is now placed in a hot water bath heated to #db deg4 ,centigrade1 and left till the paper comes away from the gelatine1 when it is placed in this apparatus by the frame holding the grooves4 ,by means of this small gas regulator the temperature is kept always the same1 namely1 #ej deg4 ,centigrade4 ,the water should be now and then agitated by lifting up and down the frame holding the glasses4 ,after a space of three or four hours the reliefs will be sufficiently washed1 and can be taken out and placed in alcohol to dry quickly and sharp at the same time4 ,in this stage of the process all spots or scratches that may have been on the negative can be removed 7being in relief on the gelatine7 by means of a piece of glass4 ,the relief is now ready to be covered with the tin4 ,you will observe that up to the present the operations have been almost the same as those necessary to produce a transparency in carbon4 ,as it is of the first necessity that the tin should be kept in absolute contact with the gelatine relief1 ,i prepare the latter by rubbing it over with a piece of flannel charged with a greasy matter 7pomatum answers as well as anything74 ,i then make a border of ,india-rubber in benzine round the glass4 ,the effect of this is to prevent any air from returning between the tin and the relief when once it has been driven out4 ,taking care that the back of the glass is perfectly clean1 it is now placed on the steel or glass bed of a rolling-press4 ,a sheet of tin foil 7without holes7 that has been smoothed on a sheet of glass by a soft brush is now laid on it1 and then three or four thicknesses of blotting paper4 ,the whole is then passed under the cylinder several times1 each time increasing the pressure4 ,the surface of the tin is now ready to place in the electrotyping cell1 but must first be cleaned with a solution of caustic potash to remove any grease1 and bordered with shellac varnish to prevent the copper from depositing where not required4 ,electric contact is made by means of the small apparatus1 on removing a small proportion of the lac varnish4 ,after two or three hours sufficient copper will have been deposited1 and after drying can be then attached to another glass1 on which it will remain4 ,this glass is covered while hot with a composition of shellac1 resin1 and ,venice turpentine1 and can be prepared in advance1 using an iron plate heated direct by the gas flame4 ,the same iron plate is employed to again soften the composition and attach it to the copper2 but this time heated only by boiling water1 this temperature being sufficient to soften it until it enters into all the hollows of the copper4 ,on placing a weight on the two glasses the excess of the composition is forced out at the edges4 ,when cold the glass plate on which the copper and tin are now attached can be separated from the relief1 which can then be used over and over again to produce fresh matrices4 ,the matrix or intaglio is now ready to place in the printing press1 and the remaining operations of printing are exactly the same as those used in the old process of photoglyptic printing4 ,in placing the mould in the press it is advisable to place one or two thicknesses of stout blotting paper1 previously wetted1 under the mould to give to it a slight amount of elasticity and1 at the same time1 to keep it in place4 ,as in all other mechanical processes a reversed or pellicle negative is required2 but it is very simple to print upon a specially prepared transfer paper1 and1 instead of mounting the print with the face uppermost1 to attach it under water to the mount1 and when dry to detach the paper on which the print has been made4 ,by this means there remains only one thickness of paper instead of two1 thus doing away with an objection which has often been found in mounted photographs for book illustration4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,new ,,inventions4 ,an improved combined cutting and clinching tool has been patented by ,mr4 ,peter ,d4 ,graham1 of ,black ,hawk1 ,col4 ,the object of this invention is to provide a new1 useful1 and convenient tool for cutting and clinching horseshoe nails4 ,mr4 ,john ,j4 ,berger1 of ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y41 has patented an improved hand perforating or check stamp of the class which are used to cut or perforate the paper with figures and letters as a safeguard against alterations of the check2 and the object of this improvement is to perforate the check with needle points1 and at the same time ink the perforations1 whereby the numbers may be clearly marked without cutting large openings in the paper4 ,an improved apparatus for the manufacture of nitric acid has been patented by ,mr4 ,paul ,marcelin1 of ,black ,rock1 ,conn4 ,the object of this invention is to furnish apparatus for manufacturing nitric acid so constructed that the stronger acid may be separated from the weaker acid as the acid passes from the retort to the receiving bottles1 to obtain a strong acid suitable for use in manufacturing nitro-glycerine4 ,mr4 ,max ,rubin1 of ,new ,york city1 has patented an improved shawl strap1 so constructed that either strap may be wound up alone1 or both may be wound up together1 or one may be wound up tighter than the other1 by adjusting the handle4 ,mr4 ,ambrose ,madden1 of ,asbury ,park1 ,n4 ,j41 has patented an attachment for use with halters for preventing horses from cribbing and to cure them of that pernicious habit2 and the invention consists in a combination of rigid arms and straps hung upon the halter and carrying a spiked plate1 which is retained beneath the animal's under lip in such manner that the motions of the horse in the act of cribbing cause the spikes to prick4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,business ,,and ,,personal4 ,the ,charge for ,insertion under this head is ,one ,dollar a line for each insertion2 about eight words to a line4 ,advertisements must be received at publication office as early as ,thursday morning to appear in next issue4 --,the publishers of this paper guarantee to advertisers a circulation of not less than #ej1jjj copies every weekly issue4 99 99 99 99 99 ,lubricene1 ,gear ,grease1 ,cylinder and ,machinery ,oils4 ,r4 ,j4 ,chard1 #f ,burling ,slip1 ,new ,york4 ,telephones repaired1 parts of same for sale4 ,send stamp for circulars4 ,p4,o4 ,box #bje1 ,jersey ,city1 ,n4 ,j4 ,the genuine ,asbestos ,liquid ,paints are the purest1 finest1 richest1 and most durable paints ever made for structural purposes4 ,h4 ,w4 ,johns ,m'f'g ,co41 #hg ,maiden ,lane1 sole manufacturers4 ,the ,finger ,annunciator1 and all other electr4 apparatus1 by ,finger ,annunciator ,co41 #gc ,cornhill1 ,boston4 ,the most popular ,pens in use are those of the ,esterbrook ,steel ,pen ,company4 ,for sale everywhere4 ,everybody send ,circular to ,r4 ,k4 ,teller1 ,unadilla1 ,n4 ,y4 ,a few pat4 ,centering and ,squaring ,attachments for ,lathes1 made by ,r4 ,e4 ,state ,co41 entirely new1 for sale cheap4 ,j4 ,w4 ,state1 ,lock ,box #bia1 ,springfield1 ,ohio4 ,soapstone and ,empire ,gum ,core ,packing1 the best for ,railroads4 ,greene1 ,tweed ,co41 ,new ,york4 ,our new ,stylographic ,pen 7just patented71 having the duplex interchangeable point section1 is the very latest improvement4 ,the ,stylographic ,pen ,co41 ,room #ac1 #afi ,broadway1 ,n4 ,y4 ,shaw's ,u4 ,s4 ,standard of ,pressure4 ,mercury ,gauges1 all pressures1 ,steam1 ,hydraulic1 and ,vacuum4 ,best for pumping stations and pipe lines4 #iae ,ridge ,ave41 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,for ,sale low--#eb x #ag feet ,sidewheel ,boat1 and one #bc x #ea_/b feet ,launch2 best condition4 ,s4 ,e4 ,harthan1 ,worcester1 ,mass4 ,wanted4--,farm ,engine1 with ,steam ,plow ,attachment4 ,address ,p4 ,o4 ,box #ah1 ,reinbeck1 ,iowa4 ,advertising of all kinds in all ,american ,newspapers4 ,special lists free4 ,address ,e4 ,n4 ,freshman ,bros41 ,cincinnati1 ,o4 ,patent for ,sale ,cheap4--,entire ,patent or ,state ,rights4 ,just the thing for the summer4 ,money can be made out of it4 ,other business prevents owner from handling it4 ,a4 ,h4 ,watkins1 #bid ,harrison ,ave41 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,we keep a full assortment of ,esterbrook's1 ,gillott's1 ,spencerian1 ,perry's1 and ,lamar's ,pens4 ,send for price list to ,j4 ,leach1 #hf ,nassau ,st41 ,new ,york4 ,for ,sale4--,a ,baltimore ,city ,fire ,department ,steam ,fire ,engine1 in complete working order4 ,address ,p4,o4 ,box #fgf1 ,baltimore1 ,md4 ,metallic ,piston ,rod ,packing ,company1 #ggc ,broad ,st41 ,newark1 ,n4 ,j4 ,agents wanted2 terms liberal4 ,skinner ,wood1 ,erie1 ,pa41 ,portable and ,stationary ,engines1 are full of orders1 and withdraw their illustrated advertisement4 ,send for their new circulars4 ,asbestos ,board on ,chimneys prevents their heat from affecting the temperature of rooms through which they pass4 ,asbestos ,pat4 ,fiber ,co41 lim41 #aid ,broadway1 ,n4 ,y4 ,sweetland ,co41 #abf ,union ,st41 ,new ,haven1 ,conn41 manufacture the ,sweetland ,combination ,chuck4 ,power1 ,foot1 and ,hand ,presses for ,metal ,workers4 ,lowest prices4 ,peerless ,punch ,shear ,co41 #eb ,dey ,st41 ,n4 ,y4 ,the ,brown ,automatic ,cut-off ,engine2 unexcelled for workmanship1 economy1 and durability4 ,write for information4 ,c4 ,h4 ,brown ,co41 ,fitchburg1 ,mass4 ,corrugated ,traction ,tire for ,portable ,engines1 etc4 ,sole manufacturers1 ,h4 ,lloyd1 ,son ,co41 ,pittsburg1 ,pa4 ,for the best ,stave1 ,barrel1 ,keg1 and ,hogshead ,machinery1 address ,h4 ,a4 ,crossley1 ,cleveland1 ,ohio4 ,best ,oak ,tanned ,leather ,belting4 ,wm4 ,f4 ,forepaugh1 ,jr41 ,bros4 #eca ,jefferson ,st41 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,national ,steel ,tube ,cleaner for boiler tubes4 ,adjustable1 durable4 ,chalmers-,spence ,co41 #dj ,john ,st41 ,n4 ,y4 ,split ,pulleys at low prices1 and of same strength and appearance as ,whole ,pulleys4 ,yocom ,son's ,shafting ,works1 ,drinker ,st41 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,stave1 ,barrel1 ,keg1 and ,hogshead ,machinery a specialty by ,e4 ,b4 ,holmes1 ,buffalo1 ,n4 ,y4 ,solid ,emery ,vulcanite ,wheels--,the ,solid ,original ,emery ,wheel other kinds imitations and inferior4 ,caution4--,our name is stamped in full on all our best ,standard ,belting1 ,packing1 and ,hose4 ,buy that only4 ,the best is the cheapest4 ,new ,york ,belting and ,packing ,company1 #cg and #ch ,park ,bow4 ,n4 ,y4 ,for ,separators1 ,farm ,vertical ,engines1 see adv4 p4 #chb4 ,walrus ,leather1 ,emery1 and ,polishing ,goods4 ,greene1 ,tweed ,co41 #aah ,chambers ,st41 ,new ,york4 ,nickel ,plating4--,sole manufacturers cast nickel anodes1 pure nickel salts1 importers ,vienna lime1 crocus1 etc4 ,condit1 ,hanson ,van ,winkle1 ,newark1 ,n4 ,j41 and #ib1 and #id ,liberty ,st41 ,new ,york4 ,presses1 ,dies1 and ,tools for working ,sheet ,metal1 etc4 ,fruit other can tools4 ,bliss ,williams1 ,b'klyn1 ,n4 ,y4 ,bradley's cushioned helve hammers4 ,see illus4 ad4 p4 #cig4 ,instruction in ,steam and ,mechanical ,engineering4 ,a thorough practical education1 and a desirable situation as soon as competent1 can be obtained at the ,national ,institute of ,steam ,engineering1 ,bridgeport1 ,conn4 ,for particulars1 send for pamphlet4 ,hydraulic ,jacks1 ,presses and ,pumps4 ,polishing and ,buffing ,machinery ,patent ,punches1 ,shears1 etc4 ,e4 ,lyon ,co41 #dgj ,grand ,st41 ,new ,york4 ,forsaith ,co41 ,manchester1 ,n4 ,h41 #bjg ,centre ,st41 ,n4 ,y4 ,bolt ,forging ,machines1 ,power ,hammers1 ,comb'd ,hand ,fire ,eng4 ,hose ,carriages1 ,new #b;d hand ,machinery4 ,send stamp for illus4 cat4 ,state just what you want4 ,for ,mill ,mach'y ,mill ,furnishing1 see illus4 adv4 p4 #cha4 ,air ,compressors1 ,blowing ,engines1 ,steam ,pumping ,machinery1 ,hydraulic ,presses4 ,philadelphia ,hydraulic ,works1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,for ,patent ,shapers and ,planers1 see ills4 adv4 p4 #chj4 ,for ,pat4 ,safety ,elevators1 ,hoisting ,engines1 ,friction ,clutch ,pulleys1 ,cut-off ,coupling1 see ,frisbie's ad4 p4 #caf4 ,machine ,knives for ,wood-working ,machinery1 ,book ,binders1 and ,paper ,mills4 ,large knife work a specialty4 ,also manufacturers of ,soloman's ,parallel ,vise4 ,taylor4 ,stiles ,co41 ,riegelsville1 ,n4 ,j4 ,for ,alcott's ,improved ,turbine1 see adv4 p4 #big4 ,mineral ,lands ,prospected1 ,artesian ,wells ,bored1 by ,pa4 ,diamond ,drill ,co4 ,box #dbc1 ,pottsville1 ,pa4 ,see p4 #cha4 ,rollstone ,mac4 ,co's ,wood ,working ,mach'y ad4 p4 #chj ,improved ,solid ,emery ,wheels and ,machinery1 ,automatic ,knife ,grinders1 ,portable ,chuck ,jaws4 ,important1 that users should have prices of these first class goods4 ,american ,twist ,drill ,co41 ,meredithville1 ,n4 ,h4 ,for ,standard ,turbine1 see last or next number4 ,burgess' ,non-conductor for ,heated ,surfaces2 easily applied1 efficient1 and inexpensive4 ,applicable to plain or curved surfaces1 pipes1 elbows and valves4 ,see p4 #bhd4 ,diamond ,saws4 ,j4 ,dickinson1 #fd ,nassau ,st41 ,n4 ,y4 ,steam ,hammers1 ,improved ,hydraulic ,jacks1 and ,tube ,expanders4 ,r4 ,dudgeon1 #bd ,columbia ,st41 ,new ,york4 ,wanted--,the address of #dj1jjj ,sawyers and ,lumbermen for a copy of ,emerson's ,hand ,book of ,saws4 ,new edition #ahhj4 ,over #ajj illustrations and pages of valuable information4 ,emerson1 ,smith ,co41 ,beaver ,falls1 ,pa4 ,eagle ,anvils1 #aj cents per pound4 ,fully warranted4 ,for ,wood-,working ,machinery1 see illus4 adv4 p4 #dac4 ,eclipse ,portable ,engine4 ,see illustrated adv41 p4 #dac4 ,tight and ,slack ,barrel machinery a specialty4 ,john ,greenwood ,co41 ,rochester1 ,n4 ,y4 ,see illus4 adv4 p4 #dac4 ,elevators1 ,freight and ,passenger1 ,shafting1 ,pulleys and ,hangers4 ,l4 ,s4 ,graves ,son1 ,rochester1 ,n4 ,y4 #djj ,vertical ,engine1 #cj ,h4,p4 ,see page #dac4 ,best ,american ,shot ,gun made is the ,colts4 ,far superior to any ,english guns for the same price4 ,for description1 see ,,sci4 ,,american of ,may #bi4 ,send for circular to ,hodgkins ,haigh1 ,dealers in ,general ,sporting ,goods1 #cjj ,broadway1 ,new ,york4 ,telephones4--,inventors of ,improvements in ,telephones and ,telephonic ,apparatus are requested to communicate with the ,scottish ,telephonic ,exchange1 ,limited1 #cd ,st4 ,andrew ,square1 ,edinburgh1 ,scotland4 ,j4 ,g4 ,lorrain1 ,general ,manager4 ,pat4 ,steam ,hoisting ,mach'y4 ,see illus4 adv41 p4 #dac4 ,hydraulic ,cylinders1 ,wheels1 and ,pinions1 ,machinery ,castings2 all kinds2 strong and durable2 and easily worked4 ,tensile strength not less than #fe1jjj lbs4 to square in4 ,pittsburgh ,steel ,casting ,co41 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 ,c4 ,j4 ,pitt ,co41 ,show ,case ,manufacturers1 #bbf ,canal ,st41 ,new ,york4 ,orders promptly attended to4 ,send for illustrated catalogue with prices4 ,for best low price ,planer and ,matcher1 and latest improved ,sash1 ,door1 and ,blind ,machinery1 ,send for catalogue to ,rowley ,hermance1 ,williamsport1 ,pa4 ,elevators4--,stokes ,parrish1 ,phila41 ,pa4 ,see p4 #dab4 ,penfield 7,pulley7 ,block ,works4 ,see illus4 adv4 p4 #dac4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,official4 ,,index ,,of ,,inventions ,,for ,,which ,,letters ,,patent ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states ,,were ,,granted ,,in ,,the ,,week ,,ending2 ,,june #a1 #ahhj1 ,,and ,,each ,,bearing ,,that ,,date4 ,those marked 7r7 are reissued patents4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a printed copy of the specification and drawing of any patent in the annexed list1 also of any patent issued since #ahff1 will be furnished from this office for one dollar4 ,in ordering please state the number and date of the patent desired1 and remit to ,munn ,co41 #cg ,park ,row1 ,new ,york city4 ,we also furnish copies1 of patents granted prior to #ahff2 but at increased cost1 as the specifications not being printed1 must be copied by hand4 ,adding machine1 ,c4 ,p4 ,sullivan #bbh1daf ,advertising checker board1 ,h4 ,p4 ,eysenbach #bbh1ccj ,annunciator1 pneumatic1 ,d4 ,t4 ,morris #bbh1bfg ,axle lubricator1 car1 ,c4 ,d4 ,flynt #bbh1ccg ,axle lubricator1 vehicle1 ,l4 ,adams #bbh1bdb ,bale tie1 ,w4 ,s4 ,e4 ,sevey #bbh1bbc ,baling press1 ,h4 ,o4 ,king #bbh1cfa ,bedstead1 invalid1 ,e4 ,conover #bbh1cah ,bedstead1 sofa1 ,c4 ,s4 ,e4 ,spoerl et al #bbh1djh ,belting and process of manufacture1 cotton1 ,m4 ,gandy #bbh1ahf ,belts1 lacing1 ,o4 ,c4 ,pomeroy #bbh1cij ,berth for vessels1 self-leveling1 ,d4 ,huston 7r7 #i1bbd ,berth for vessels1 self-leveling1 ,c4 ,c4 ,sanderson #bbh1bgh ,berth1 self-leveling ship's1 ,c4 ,c4 ,sanderson #bbh1bgi ,binders1 knot tyer for self1 ,w4 ,stephens #bbh1bbh ,blacking and polishing boots and shoes1 machine for1 ,p4 ,p4 ,audoye #bbh1big ,blower1 fan1 ,h4 ,allen #bbh1bic ,bolting tree1 ,j4 ,m4 ,springer #bbh1dji ,boot and gaiter1 rubber1 ,g4 ,h4 ,sanford #bbh1cih ,bottle1 etc41 lock1 ,a4 ,t4 ,boone #bbh1agj ,bottle stopper1 ,e4 ,hollender #bbh1cee ,bow strings1 clutch for1 ,c4 ,m4 ,beard #bbh1cjb ,bracelet1 ,c4 ,e4 ,hayward #bbh1cdh ,bracelet1 ,a4 ,vester #bbh1dbe ,bran cleaner1 ,l4 ,gathmann #bbh1cdj ,brick1 pottery1 etc41 kiln for burning1 ,e4 ,escherich #bbh1cca ,buckboard1 ,e4 ,hitt #bbh1ceb ,buckle1 tug1 ,d4 ,o4 ,fosgate #bbh1bee ,bumper1 ,w4 ,v4 ,perry #bbh1che ,bung1 ,j4 ,h4 ,stamp #bbh1bbg ,button fastener1 ,d4 ,bainbridge #bbh1bih ,button1 sleeve and cuff1 ,h4 ,mc,dougall #bbh1cgj ,buttons1 machine for making1 ,w4 ,w4 ,wade #bbh1bcc ,can1 ,d4 ,bennett #bbh1afg ,can fastening1 ,j4 ,hall #bbh1cdc ,car coupling1 ,neff ,thalman #bbh1cgh ,car coupling1 ,j4 ,f4 ,stanley #bbh1daa ,car coupling1 ,morand ,edwards #bbh1bab ,car coupling tool1 ,g4 ,searl #bbh1djj ,car door bolt1 ,a4 ,w4 ,zimmerman #bbh1bda ,car wheel1 ,j4 ,a4 ,woodbury #bbh1dcj ,car wheel chill1 ,w4 ,wilmington #bbh1dbh ,cars1 bell cord guide for railway1 ,s4 ,l4 ,finley #bbh1bec ,cars upon railways1 running1 ,j4 ,r4 ,cox #bbh1agf ,carbureting gas and air1 ,w4 ,m4 ,jackson #bbh1ceg ,card teeth1 apparatus for tempering wire for1 ,w4 ,f4 ,bateman #bbh1cja ,carpet fastener1 ,w4 ,bray #bbh1cjf ,carpet lining1 ,g4 ,j4 ,bicknell #bbh1afh ,carpet sweeper1 ,b4 ,w4 ,johnson #bbh1ceh ,carriage top1 ,e4 ,s4 ,scripture 7r7 #i1bcj ,carriage top rest1 ,g4 ,miles #bbh1baa ,cartridge shells1 machine for drawing1 ,a4 ,c4 ,hobbs #bbh1aig ,centering machine1 ,j4 ,e4 ,dimsey #bbh1bdi ,chair seats and backs1 making1 ,f4 ,d4 ,newton #bbh1cgg ,chandelier1 extension1 ,g4 ,bohner #bbh1bdd ,cheese press1 ,m4 ,b4 ,fraser 7r7 #i1bbh ,cheese press1 ,g4 ,f4 ,white #bbh1bia ,cheese vat1 ,j4 ,b4 ,marquis #bbh1cff ,chuck1 ,j4 ,h4 ,westcott #bbh1dbf ,churn1 ,e4 ,rhoades 7r7 #i1bbe ,clock1 alarm1 ,f4 ,krober #bbh1bjb ,clock1 calendar1 ,c4 ,s4 ,lewis #bbh1bfa ,clock case1 ,g4 ,havell #bbh1aic ,cloth pressing machine1 ,p4 ,miller #bbh1cge ,clutch1 ,w4 ,j4 ,ray #bbh1bgf ,cockle separator1 ,d4 ,brubaker #bbh1caj ,collar1 horse1 ,t4 ,hepburn #bbh1cea ,commode1 ,a4 ,climie #bbh1cac ,copying process1 dry1 ,kwaysser ,husak #bbh1cfb ,cork tapering machine1 ,f4 ,l4 ,blair #bbh1afi ,corn husking machine1 ,f4 ,l4 ,collis #bbh1agd ,corn husking machine roller1 ,e4 ,a4 ,bourquin #bbh1cje ,corn popper1 ,d4 ,lumbert #bbh1bje ,cornice1 window1 ,h4 ,f4 ,gray #bbh1ahi ,cranks1 device for overcoming the dead points of1 ,c4 ,l4 ,fleischmann #bbh1ahe ,crochet needles1 manufacture of1 ,j4 ,a4 ,smith #bbh1djd ,crucible furnaces1 hydrocarbon burner for1 ,i4 ,m4 ,seamans #bbh1bha ,cutlery1 pocket1 ,j4 ,w4 ,ayers #bbh1afc ,danger signal1 ,m4 ,a4 ,vosburgh #bbh1bcb ,diagram for theaters1 etc41 ,h4 ,t4 ,lemon #bbh1bjd ,domestic boiler1 ,c4 ,friedeborn #bbh1cci ,drawing1 apparatus for assisting in1 ,w4 ,b4 ,o4 ,peabody #bbh1bgc ,drying apparatus1 ,w4 ,j4 ,johnson #bbh1bei ,electrotype mould1 ,e4 ,b4 ,sheldon #bbh1bbd ,exercising machine1 ,f4 ,saunders #bbh1bgg ,eyeglasses1 ,j4 ,schaffer #bbh1cii ,fan1 ,m4 ,rubin #bbh1cid ,fastening device1 ,e4 ,f4 ,miller #bbh1cgc ,faucet attachment1 ,c4 ,a4 ,raggio #bbh1bai ,fence nail1 wire1 ,e4 ,l4 ,warren #bbh1bcf ,fertilizers1 process and apparatus for the manufacture of1 ,w4 ,plumer #bbh1chg ,firearm1 breech-loading1 ,w4 ,h4 ,baker #bbh1afe ,fluted fabrics1 machine for creasing1 ,e4 ,brosemann #bbh1cji ,fruit basket1 ,h4 ,b4 ,crandall #bbh1bdh ,fuel1 process and apparatus for burning pulverized1 ,a4 ,faber de ,faur #bbh1ccd ,furnace1 ,b4 ,f4 ,smith #bbh1dje ,gas1 making illuminating1 ,t4 ,j4 ,f4 ,regan #bbh1cib ,gate1 ,e4 ,j4 ,clark #bbh1cad ,gate roller1 ,f4 ,w4 ,holbrook #bbh1ced ,gelatine or ichthyocolla from salted fish skins1 extracting1 ,j4 ,s4 ,rogers 7r7 #i1bbf ,glass furnace1 ,t4 ,b4 ,atterbury #bbh1bif ,glassware1 machine for grinding1 ,a4 ,m4 ,bacon #bbh1afd ,glove fastener1 ,smith ,hassall #bbh1djc ,governor1 elevator1 ,i4 ,h4 ,small #bbh1bhd ,governor for marine engines1 ,w4 ,u4 ,fairbairn #bbh1beb ,governor for middlings purifiers1 etc41 feed1 ,w4 ,donlon #bbh1ahj ,grain conveyer1 pneumatic1 ,f4 ,a4 ,luckenbach #bbh1bjf ,grain meter1 ,j4 ,b4 ,stoner #bbh1bbi ,grain separator1 magnetic1 ,c4 ,e4 ,fritz 7r7 #i1bbi ,grate1 fire1 ,e4 ,moneuse #bbh1cgf ,grinding and polishing wheel1 ,g4 ,hart #bbh1beg ,hammer lifter1 drop1 ,c4 ,g4 ,cross #bbh1cbd ,harness1 breast1 ,j4 ,w4 ,cooper #bbh1age ,harrow1 ,s4 ,a4 ,bollinger #bbh1cjc ,harrow1 ,c4 ,w4 ,page #bbh1chb ,harvester1 ,jones ,emerson #bbh1cei ,header1 guiding1 ,w4 ,h4 ,keen #bbh1bfj ,heating and ventilating apparatus1 ,j4 ,w4 ,geddes #bbh1ahh ,hinge1 spring1 ,l4 ,bommer #bbh1cjd ,hitching strap1 ,j4 ,c4 ,covert #bbh1cbb ,hoes and other tools1 eye for1 ,j4 ,r4 ,thomas #bbh1dai ,hog holder and nose ring carrier1 ,w4 ,a4 ,stark #bbh1bhf ,horse hoof pad1 ,a4 ,j4 ,lockie #bbh1bfb ,horse power equalizer1 ,w4 ,t4 ,g4 ,cobb #bbh1agc ,horse power sweep1 ,j4 ,branning #bbh1cjg ,horseshoe nail machine1 ,j4 ,roy #bbh1bbj ,hose coupling1 ,s4 ,adlam1 ,jr4 #bbh1afa ,hose coupling1 ,m4 ,b4 ,hill #bbh1aif ,hot air furnace1 ,b4 ,w4 ,felton #bbh1ccf ,hydraulic joint1 ,e4 ,d4 ,meier #bbh1bji ,indigo blue1 making artificial1 ,a4 ,baeyer #bbh1cjj ,lamp1 car1 ,g4 ,seagrave #bbh1djb ,lamp globe1 ,g4 ,chappel #bbh1bdg ,lamp1 street1 ,j4 ,g4 ,miner #bbh1bfe ,last1 ,w4 ,j4 ,crowley #bbh1agh ,latch1 ,g4 ,l4 ,crandal #bbh1cbc ,life protector for railway rails1 ,e4 ,j4 ,hoffman #bbh1cec ,lifting jack1 ,j4 ,state #bbh1bhe ,lithographic press1 ,j4 ,a4 ,parks #bbh1bga ,lock1 ,c4 ,f4 ,otto #bbh1cgi ,locomotive1 ,j4 ,b4 ,smith #bbh1djf ,locomotive cone1 ,f4 ,a4 ,perry #bbh1chf ,locomotive engine1 ,j4 ,w4 ,clardy #bbh1agb ,locomotive lubricator1 ,w4 ,p4 ,phillips #bbh1bae ,loom for weaving gauze fabrics1 ,a4 ,mc,lean #bbh1cgb ,loom shedding mechanism1 ,h4 ,halcroft #bbh1aia ,loom temple1 ,e4 ,hamilton #bbh1cdf ,loom temple1 ,j4 ,l4 ,hardaker #bbh1bef ,lubricator1 ,w4 ,p4 ,phillips #bbh1baf1 #bbh1bag ,mash machine1 ,w4 ,craig #bbh1agg ,mash rake1 whisky1 ,d4 ,l4 ,graves #bbh1aij ,mash stirrer1 ,g4 ,schock #bbh1bbb ,measuring machine1 cloth1 ,b4 ,k4 ,parker #bbh1cha ,middlings purifier1 ,j4 ,b4 ,martin #bbh1cfg ,milk cooler1 ,t4 ,stahler #bbh1dab ,milk pail holder1 ,a4 ,c4 ,dodge #bbh1cbg ,mining and excavating apparatus1 ,e4 ,m4 ,hugentobler #bbh1cef ,mortising machine1 ,e4 ,h4 ,n4 ,clarkson 7r7 #i1bba ,nickel1 solution for electro-deposition of1 ,j4 ,powell #bbh1chi ,oil and lard oil1 treatment of petroleum lubricating1 ,h4 ,v4 ,p4 ,draper #bbh1aha ,ore separator1 magnetic1 ,t4 ,a4 ,edison #bbh1cbi ,packing for piston rods1 etc41 metallic1 ,l4 ,katzenstein #bbh1bjj ,packing for steam engines1 spring1 ,j4 ,w4 ,smith #bbh1bbe ,packing1 piston1 ,w4 ,m4 ,thompson1 ,jr4 #bbh1dbj ,packing1 piston rod1 ,r4 ,b4 ,h4 ,gould #bbh1cda ,padlock1 ,mc,donald ,mc,allister 7r7 #bbh1cga ,pantaloons1 ,f4 ,h4 ,carney #bbh1bdf ,paper bag machine1 ,c4 ,a4 ,chandler #bbh1cab ,paper floor covering1 compound1 ,h4 ,hayward #bbh1aid ,paper for bank notes1 checks1 etc41 ,j ,sangster #bbh1bba ,parchment or toughening paper1 making artificial1 ,l4 ,h4 ,g4 ,ehrhardt #bbh1cbh ,pens1 pointing1 ,e4 ,wiley #bbh1dbg ,permutation lock1 ,j4 ,b4 ,cook #bbh1caf ,photo-negatives1 producing1 embellishing1 and retouching1 ,w4 ,d4 ,osborne #bbh1chj ,photographic background1 accessory for forming1 ,w4 ,f4 ,ashe #bbh1bie ,picture support1 ,g4 ,h4 ,brown #bbh1cjh ,pillow sham holder1 ,m4 ,a4 ,steers #bbh1dad ,pipes1 tubing etc41 protector for the threaded ends of1 ,h4 ,e4 ,boyd #bbh1aga ,planter1 corn1 ,r4 ,h4 ,c4 ,enyeart #bbh1ccb ,planter1 corn1 ,a4 ,hearst #bbh1beh ,planter1 corn1 ,a4 ,runstetler #bbh1cif ,plow attachment1 ,j4 ,r4 ,harbaugh #bbh1aib ,plumbers' traps1 manufacture of1 ,j4 ,mc,closkey #bbh1cfi ,preserving evaporated fruits and vegetables1 ,h4 ,g4 ,hulburd #bbh1aih ,printer's chase1 ,j4 ,kingsland1 ,jr4 #bbh1bja ,printer's quoin1 ,c4 ,g4 ,squintani #bbh1daj ,printer's type case1 ,j4 ,t4 ,edson #bbh1bea ,pulley1 ,j4 ,b4 ,stockham #bbh1dae ,pump1 ,w4 ,s4 ,laney #bbh1bjc ,pump1 lift1 ,p4 ,t4 ,perkins #bbh1chc ,pump1 rotary1 ,j4 ,hallner #bbh1cdd ,pump1 steam jet1 ,randall ,tuttle #bbh1bge ,railway heads1 stop motion for1 ,h4 ,t4 ,spencer #bbh1djg ,railway joints1 angle splice for1 ,j4 ,d4 ,hawks #bbh1cdg ,railway signal apparatus1 electric1 ,o4 ,gassett #bbh1ahg ,range1 ,d4 ,h4 ,nation #bbh1bfh1 #bbh1bfi1 #bbh1bgj ,reclining chair1 ,t4 ,g4 ,maguire #bbh1bfc ,refrigerating and ice making apparatus1 ,c4 ,p4 ,g4 ,linde #bbh1cfd ,rivets1 making tubular1 ,g4 ,w4 ,tucker #bbh1dbc ,rock drills and earth augers1 machine for operating1 ,g4 ,taylor #bbh1dah ,rubber bottles1 etc41 closing the openings in ,india1 ,t4 ,j4 ,mayall #bbh1bjg ,rubber1 ornamenting hard1 ,h41 ,o41 ,m4 ,traun #bbh1bij ,sash cord fastener and sash lock1 combined1 ,e4 ,v4 ,heaford #bbh1cdi ,sash cord guide1 ,e4 ,h4 ,n4 ,clarkson 7r7 #i1bbb ,sash fastener1 ,s4 ,p4 ,jackson #bbh1aii ,sash fastening1 ,j4 ,pusey #bbh1bgd ,sawing machine1 circular1 ,p4 ,pryibil #bbh1bah ,sawing machine1 drag1 ,s4 ,f4 ,steele #bbh1dac ,sawing machine1 drag1 ,a4 ,wilkins #bbh1bcg ,screw bolt1 ,l4 ,strauss #bbh1bhh ,screw threads1 device for cutting1 ,j4 ,c4 ,williams #bbh1dbi ,sealing packages1 ,e4 ,a4 ,mc,alpin #bbh1cfh ,seaming machine1 ,f4 ,a4 ,walsh #bbh1bcd1 #bbh1bce ,sewing machine balance wheel pulley1 ,e4 ,flather #bbh1ahd ,sheet metal joint1 ,c4 ,wright #bbh1bdj ,shirt1 ,g4 ,c4 ,henning #bbh1aie ,shoe1 ,j4 ,j4 ,snyder #bbh1bbf ,shoe nail1 ,z4 ,talbot #bbh1dag ,shoe support1 rubber1 ,j4 ,g4 ,foreman #bbh1cch ,shoulder brace1 ,c4 ,a4 ,williamson #bbh1bch ,sign1 flexible1 ,f4 ,tuchfarber 7r7 #i1bbc ,skiving machine1 ,w4 ,s4 ,fitzgerald #bbh1ahc ,skylight1 ,w4 ,d4 ,smith #bbh1bhb ,smoker's kit1 ,t4 ,v4 ,curtis #bbh1cbe ,soap and other materials1 apparatus for mixing1 ,w41 ,sr41 ,w41 ,jr41 ,a4 ,w4 ,cornwall #bbh1cbj ,soap1 machine for mixing materials for making1 ,w41 ,sr41 ,w41 ,jr41 ,a4 ,w4 ,cornwall #bbh1cai ,soap1 process and apparatus for remelting1 ,w41 ,jr41 ,a4 ,w4 ,cornwall #bbh1cba ,soda water1 apparatus for generating gas for1 ,j4 ,collins #bbh1cae ,spark arrester1 locomotive1 ,d4 ,p4 ,wright #bbh1dca ,spool box1 ,c4 ,tollner #bbh1bhi ,stamp1 hand1 ,t4 ,berridge #bbh1bdc ,stamp1 postage1 ,j4 ,macdonough #bbh1cfe ,steam engine1 ,j4 ,c4 ,miller #bbh1cgd ,steam engine recorder1 ,g4 ,h4 ,crosby #bbh1agi ,steam generator1 ,n4 ,eaton #bbh1bej ,stove1 ,a4 ,c4 ,barstow #bbh1aff ,stove grate1 ,j4 ,moore1 ,jr #bbh1bff ,stove1 hay1 ,stocum ,merrill #bbh1bhg ,stove1 magazine1 ,c4 ,seavor #bbh1dja ,surface gauge1 ,f4 ,j4 ,rabbeth #bbh1cia ,swarm catcher1 ,j4 ,w4 ,bailey #bbh1bii ,syringe attachment1 ,s ,turner #bbh1dbb ,tackle or pulley block1 ,t4 ,r4 ,ferrall #bbh1cce ,telephone1 ,s4 ,russell #bbh1cie ,telephone circuit switch1 ,g4 ,l4 ,anders #bbh1bid ,telephones1 dental attachment for1 ,h4 ,g4 ,fiske #bbh1bed ,testing machine1 ,t4 ,olsen #bbh1bad ,textile and other materials1 machine for cutting1 ,a4 ,warth 7r7 #i1bcb ,textile fabrics1 machine for cutting1 ,a4 ,warth 7r7 #i1bca ,ticket holder1 ,c4 ,scherich #bbh1bhj ,ticket1 railway1 ,f4 ,c4 ,nims #bbh1bac ,tobacco caddy1 ,r4 ,finzer #bbh1ahb ,tobacco hoisting apparatus1 ,w4 ,s4 ,guy #bbh1cdb ,tongs1 pipe1 ,s4 ,fawcett #bbh1ccc ,toy1 creeping1 ,p4 ,von ,erichsen #bbh1bca ,treadle mechanism1 ,d4 ,s4 ,van ,wyck #bbh1dbd ,treadle power machine1 ,g4 ,w4 ,ziegler #bbh1dcb ,tree protector1 ,j4 ,w4 ,richards #bbh1cic ,trimmings1 flitter for milliners'1 ,j4 ,lambert #bbh1cfc ,tube machine1 ,d4 ,appel #bbh1afb ,valve1 balanced1 ,e4 ,d4 ,meier #bbh1baj ,vapor burner1 ,w4 ,h4 ,smith 7r7 #i1bbg ,vehicle spring1 ,h4 ,m4 ,keith #bbh1cfj ,vent for beer barrels1 ,o4 ,zwietusch #bbh1bib ,vessels1 apparatus for unloading coal1 etc41 from1 ,cooney ,swanston #bbh1cag ,vise and clamp1 ,j4 ,brady #bbh1bde ,wagon1 road1 ,c4 ,w4 ,saladee #bbh1cig ,wagon running gear1 ,g4 ,w4 ,burr #bbh1caa ,wash boiler1 ,o4 ,tilton #bbh1bcj ,washing and wringing machine1 combined1 ,c4 ,h4 ,wood #bbh1bci ,washing machine1 ,j4 ,b4 ,pettit #bbh1bgb ,water closets1 flushing cistern for1 ,s4 ,g4 ,mc,farland #bbh1bfd ,water heater1 ,k4 ,mc,donald #bbh1bjh ,water heater1 fireplace1 ,i4 ,b4 ,potts #bbh1chh ,whiffletree hook1 ,e4 ,hanrahan #bbh1cde ,windlass locking gear1 ,remington ,manton 7r7 #i1bcc ,windmill1 ,a4 ,h4 ,smith #bbh1bhc ,window screen1 ,r4 ,perrin #bbh1chd ,wire stretcher1 ,h4 ,hemenway #bbh1cej ,wood bit1 ,l4 ,thuston #bbh1dba 99 99 99 99 99 ,,designs4 ,carpets1 ,t4 ,j4 ,stearns #aa1hjj to #aa1hjc ,carriage door fender1 ,m4 ,wiard #aa1hje ,coffin lid lifters1 ,j4 ,w4 ,rogers #aa1gih ,fringe for knitted fabrics1 ,g4 ,upton #aa1hjd ,funeral ornaments1 ,j4 ,w4 ,rogers #aa1gii ,key bow1 ,g4 ,s4 ,barkentin #aa1gid ,medal batteries1 ,lewis ,brice #aa1gif ,pencil cases1 ,l4 ,w4 ,fairchild #aa1gie ,statuary1 group of1 ,j4 ,rogers #aa1gig 99 99 99 99 99 ,,trade ,,marks4 ,cigars1 ,e4 ,aschermann ,co #g1ibd ,cigars1 ,giglio ,freschi #g1ibf ,dry goods1 ,eddystone ,manufacturing ,co #g1ica1 #g1icc ,flour1 ,b4 ,r4 ,pegram1 ,jr4 #g1gbg1 #g1gbh ,prints1 ,eddystone ,manufacturing ,company #g1icb ,soap1 ,c4 ,davis ,co #g1ibe ,teas1 table1 ,sanders ,george #g1iab ,velocipedes1 ,n4 ,s4 ,c4 ,perkins #g1ibi 99 99 99 99 99 ,,english ,,patents ,,issued ,,to ,,americans4 ,,from ,,may #be ,,to ,,june #a1 #ahhj1 ,,inclusive4 ,anthracite1 obtaining1 ,c4 ,m4 ,warren1 ,norfolk1 ,mass4 ,burners and generators for hydrocarbons1 ,e4 ,g4 ,furber1 ,new ,york city4 ,corsets1 ,l4 ,c4 ,warner1 ,new ,york city4 ,engines1 locomotive1 ,w4 ,p4 ,hauszey1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,filtering apparatus1 ,g4 ,h4 ,moore1 ,norwich1 ,conn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,advertisements ,,inside ,,page1 ,,each ,,insertion - - - #ge ,,cents ,a ,,line4 ,,back ,,page1 ,,each ,,insertion - - - #a4jj ,a ,,line4 7,about eight words to a line47 ,engravings may head advertisements at the same rate per line1 by measurement1 as the letter press4 ,advertisements must be received at publication office as early as ,thursday morning to appear in next issue4 --,the publishers of this paper guarantee to advertisers a circulation of not less than #ej1jjj copies every weekly issue4 ,fifth ,edition ,just ,ready4 ,,the ,,complete ,,practical ,,machinist ,embracing ,lathe ,work1 ,vise ,work1 ,drills and ,drilling1 ,taps and ,dies1 ,hardening and ,tempering1 the ,making and ,use of ,tools1 etc41 etc4 ,by ,joshua ,rose4 ,illustrated by #acj engravings4 ,fifth edition1 revised4 ,in one vol41 #abmo41 #cgf pages4 ,price #b4ej by mail1 free of postage4 ,,contents3 ,chapter ,i4 ,lathe and ,machine ,tools4 ,,ii4 ,cutting ,speed and ,feed4 ,,iii4 ,boring ,tools for ,lathe ,work4 ,,iv4 ,screw-cutting ,tools4 ,v4 ,general ,observations on ,lathe ,work4 ,,vi4 ,turning ,eccentrics4 ,,vii4 ,hand ,turning4 ,,viii4 ,drilling in the ,lathe4 ,,ix4 ,boring ,bars4 ,x4 ,laps4 ,,xi4 ,twist ,drills4 ,,xii4 ,tool ,steel4 ,,xiii4 ,taps and ,dies4 ,,xiv4 ,vise-work ,tools4 ,,xv4 ,fitting ,connecting ,rods4 ,,xvi4 ,milling ,machines and ,milling ,tools4 ,,xvii4 ,to ,calculate the ,speed of ,wheels1 ,pulleys1 etc4 ,,xviii4 ,the ,slide ,valve4 ,,xix4 ,how to ,set a ,slide ,valve4 ,,xx4 ,pumps ,index4 ,we also publish3 ,,the ,,modern ,,practice ,,of ,,american ,,machinists ,,and ,,engineers4 ,by ,egbert ,p4 ,watson4 ,illustrated by #hf engravings4 #abmo1 #b #ej --,the above or any of our ,books sent by mail1 free of postage1 at the publication price4 ,our new and enlarged ,,catalogue ,,of ,,practical ,,and ,,scientific ,,books--#if pages1 #hvo--sent free to any one who will furnish his address4 ,,henry ,,carey ,,baird ,,co41 ,industrial ,publishers1 ,booksellers1 and ,importers1 #haj ,,walnut ,,st41 ,,philadelphia1 ,,pa4 ,,for ,,sale1 ,a full set of ,patent ,office ,reports1 from #ahdi to #ahgb4 ,price #fj4 ,apply to ,c4 ,m4 ,,alexander1 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,,band ,,saws ,,and ,,planers a specialty4 ,c4 ,hodgkins ,son1 ,marlboro1 ,n4 ,h4 ,illustration #ahhj #ahhj ,,pittsburgh ,,exposition ,,society4 ,,the ,,fourth ,,exposition ,,and ,,fair ,will open to the public ,thursday1 ,september #b1 and remain open day and evening 7,sundays excepted7 until ,saturday1 ,october #ith1 #ahhj4 ,blank forms of application for space1 ,prospectus1 and ,premium list may be had by addressing the secretary4 ,exhibitors are earnestly requested to make early application for space1 thus enabling the managers to better arrange the whole ,exhibition4 ,new ,machinery ,hall2 new ,engine and ,boilers4 ,manufacturers and ,inventors should avail themselves of the unsurpassed facilities offered by this ,exposition for the introduction of new machinery to the public4 ,,office1 ,,germania ,,bank ,,building1 #hi ,,wood ,,st4 ,p4,o4 ,,box #hie4 ,e4 ,p4 ,,young1 ,i4 ,c4 ,,patterson1 ,general ,manager4 ,secretary4 ,,john ,d4 ,,bailey1 ,asst4 ,manager and ,cashier4 ,illustration3 --,,send ,,stamp ,,for ,,catalogue4 ,,tools3 ,,taps ,,dies ,,vises ,,chucks ,,twist ,,drills ,,machine ,,screws ,,lathes ,,files ,,stubs ,,tools ,,steel ,,tallman ,mc,f,a,d,d,e,n--,,philadelphia4 ,,cigar ,,box ,,lumber1 ,,manufactured ,,by ,,our ,,new ,,patent ,,process4 ,,the ,,best ,,in ,,the ,,world4 ,,spanish ,,cedar1 ,,mahogany1 ,,poplar ,,also ,,thin ,,lumber ,,of ,,all ,,other ,,kinds1 #a_/h ,,to #a_/b ,,in41 ,,at ,,corresponding ,,prices4 ,,all ,,qualities4 ,,equal ,,in ,,all ,,respects ,,to ,,any ,,made1 ,,and ,,at ,,prices ,,much ,,under ,,any ,,to ,,be ,,obtained ,,outside ,,of ,,our ,,establishment4 ,,send ,,for ,,price ,,list4 ,,geo4 ,w4 ,,read ,,co41 #ahf ,,to #bjj ,,lewis ,,street1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,mosquito ,,catcher4 ,,will ,,clear ,,your ,,room ,,in ,a ,,few ,,minutes ,,without ,,smoke1 ,,soil1 ,,or ,,grease4 ,,price #ej ,,cents4 ,,send ,,for ,,circular4 ,,agents ,,wanted ,,everywhere4 ,,good ,,terms4 ,l4 ,t4 ,,jones1 #aff ,,light ,,street1 ,,baltimore1 ,,md4 ,,roots' ,,new ,,iron ,,blower4 ,,illustration ,,positive ,,blast4 ,,iron ,,revolvers1 ,,perfectly ,,balanced ,,is ,,simpler1 ,,and ,,has ,,fewer ,,parts ,,than ,,any ,,other ,,blower4 ,p4 ,h4 ,f4 ,m4 ,,roots1 ,,manuf',,rs1 ,,connersville1 ,,ind4 ,s4 ,s4 ,,townsend1 ,,gen4 ,,agt41 #f ,,cortlandt ,,st41 #h ,,dey ,,street1 ,,new ,,wm4 ,,cooke1 ,,selling ,,agt41 #f ,,cortlandt ,,street1 ,,york4 ,,jas4 ,,beggs ,,co41 ,,selling ,,agts41 #h ,,dey ,,street1 --,,send ,,for ,,priced ,,catalogue4 ,,four ,,sided ,,moulder1 ,,with ,,outside ,,bearing4 ,,we ,,manufacture #e ,,sizes ,,of ,,these ,,moulders4 ,,also ,,endless ,,bed ,,planers1 ,,mortisers ,,and ,,borers4 ,,tenoning ,,machines1 ,,sash ,,dovetailers4 ,,blind ,,rabbeting ,,machines4 ,,also ,a ,,large ,,variety ,,of ,,other ,,wood ,,working ,,machines4 ,,address ,,levi ,,houston1 ,,montgomery1 ,,pa4 ,,illustration ,,steam ,,pumps4 ,,the ,,norwalk ,,iron ,,works ,,co41 ,,south ,,norwalk1 ,,conn4 ,,the ,,blake ,,lion ,,and ,,eagle ,,crusher1 ,a patented improvement of the former ,new ,pattern ,blake machine4 ,has much greater efficiency than the old4 ,it requires only about half the power to drive1 and is transported at much less expense 7the size most used weighing several thousand pounds less than the unimproved machine74 ,it requires less than half the time in oiling and other manipulation1 and less than half the expense for repairs4 ,address ,e4 ,s4 ,,blake ,,co41 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa41 ,sole ,proprietors and ,manufacturers4 #b ,illustrations ,,delamater ,,steam ,,pumps ,for every variety of work ,,waterworks ,,pumping ,,engines ,,delamater ,,iron ,,works ,boiler ,makers1 ,engine ,builders1 and ,founders1 ,office1 ,no4 #aj ,,cortlandt ,,st41 ,works1 ,foot of ,w4 #ahth ,st41 ,north ,river1 ,new ,york4 ,,established #ahda4 ,,model ,,engines ,complete sets of ,,castings for making small ,model steam ,engines #aa_/b in4 bore1 #c in4 stroke1 price1 #d2 ditto #b in4 bore1 #d in4 stroke1 price1 #aj1 same style as cut4 ,gear ,wheels and ,parts of ,models4 ,all kinds of ,small ,tools and ,materials4 ,catalogue ,free4 ,,goodnow ,,wightman1 #agf ,washington ,street1 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,,stuttering ,,cured by ,bates' ,appliances4 ,send for description to ,,simpson ,co41 ,box #bbcf1 ,new ,york4 ,,spare ,,the ,,croton ,,and ,,save ,,the ,,cost4 ,,driven ,,or ,,tube ,,wells furnished to large consumers of ,croton and ,ridgewood ,water4 ,,wm4 ,d4 ,,andrews ,,bro41 #bce ,broadway1 ,n4 ,y41 who control the patent for ,green's ,american ,driven ,well4 ,,the ,,driven ,,well4 ,town and ,county privileges for making ,,driven ,,wells and selling ,licenses under the established ,,american ,,driven ,,well ,,patent1 leased by the year to responsible parties1 by ,,wm4 ,d4 ,,andrews ,,bro41 #bce ,,broadway1 ,,new ,,york4 ,,roofing4 ,for steep or flat roofs4 ,applied by ordinary workmen at one-third the cost of tin4 ,circulars and samples free4 ,agents ,wanted4 ,t4 ,,new1 #cb ,john ,street1 ,new ,york4 ,,xx ,,cot 7,,not ,,painted1 ,,white ,,duck7 #b4 ,illustration3 ,painted ,red1 ,brown ,canvas and ,fancy ,bolster1 #b4ej4 ,painted ,red1 ,striped ,canvas and ,fancy ,bloster1 #c4jj4 ,,cot ,,folded ,,xx ,,canvas ,,cot #bg ,,in4 ,,wide ,,meas4 #a_/b ,,cubic ,,ft4 ,makes a perfect bed4 ,no mattress or pillows required4 ,better than a hammock1 as it fits the body as pleasantly1 and lies straight4 ,folded or opened instantly4 ,self-fastening4 ,it is just the thing for hotels1 offices1 cottages1 camp-meetings1 sportsmen1 etc4 ,good for the lawn1 piazza1 or coolest place in the house4 ,splendid for invalids or children4 ,sent on receipt of price1 or ,c4 ,o4 ,d4 ,for #ej ,,cts4 ,,extra1 with order1 ,i will prepay expressage to any railroad station east of ,mississippi ,river and north of ,mason and ,dixon's line4 ,for #ge ,,cents1 in ,minnesota1 ,missouri1 and ,iowa4 ,,hermon ,w4 ,,ladd1 #ajh ,,fulton ,,st41 ,,boston2 #bjg ,canal ,st41 ,new ,york2 #afe ,north ,second ,st41 ,phila42 #id ,market ,st41 ,chicago4 ,,send ,,for ,,circulars4 ,illustration ,,rubber ,,back ,,square ,,packing1 ,,best ,,in ,,the ,,world ,illustration ,,for ,,packing ,,the ,,piston ,,rods ,,and ,,valve ,,stems ,,of ,,steam ,,engines ,,and ,,pumps4 ,b represents that part of the packing which1 when in use1 is in contact with the ,piston ,rod4 ,a the elastic back1 which keeps the part ,b against the rod with sufficient pressure to be steam-tight1 and yet creates but little friction4 ,this ,packing is made in lengths of about #bj feet1 and of all sizes from #a_/d to #b inches square4 ,,john ,h4 ,,cheever1 ,treas4 ,,new ,,york ,,belting ,,packing ,,co41 #cg #ch ,park ,row1 ,new ,york4 ,,john ,r4 ,,whitley ,,co4 ,european ,representatives of ,american ,houses1 with ,first-class ,agents in the principal industrial and agricultural centers and cities in ,europe4 ,london1 #g ,poultry1 ,e4 ,c4 ,paris1 #h ,place ,vendome4 ,terms on application4 ,j4 ,r4 ,w4 ,co4 purchase ,paris goods on commission at shippers' discounts4 ,,steam ,,heating ,,apparatus ,,lights ,,patents #bd ,,sizes ,,of ,,boilers ,,radiation #bh ,,per ,,cent ,,superior ,,to ,,any ,,other4 ,,address3 ,,eureka ,,steam ,,heating ,,co4 ,,rochester1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,grain ,,speculation in large or small amounts4 #be or #be1jjj4 ,write ,w4 ,t4 ,,soule ,,co41 ,commission ,merchants1 #acj ,la ,salle ,st41 ,,chicago4 ,,ill41 for ,circulars4 ,,telephone ,works #a mile4 ,price #c4ej4 ,pat'd4 ,circulars free4 ,,holcomb ,,co41 ,mallet ,creek1 ,ohio4 ,,johnson',s ,,patent ,,universal ,,lathe ,,chuck4 ,illustration ,lambertville ,iron ,works1 ,lambertville1 ,n4 ,j4 ,,green ,,house ,,heating ,,and ,,ventilating ,,apparatus4 ,,base ,,burning ,,water ,,heaters4 ,for ,small ,conservatories4 ,,hitchings ,,co41 ,no4 #bcc ,mercer ,street1 ,new ,york4 ,,pond',s ,,tools1 ,engine ,lathes1 ,planers1 ,drills1 c4 ,,david ,w4 ,,pond1 ,worcester1 ,mass4 ,,lathes1 ,,planers ,,shapers ,drills1 ,bolt and ,gear ,cutters1 ,milling ,machines4 ,special ,machinery4 ,e4 ,,gould ,,eberhardt1 ,newark1 ,n4 ,j4 ,illustration3 ,,coe ,,brass ,,mfg4 ,,co4 ,,brass ,,and ,,copper ,,in ,,sheets4 ,,wire ,,and ,,blanks4 ,,wolcottville1 ,,conn4 ,,materials ,,for ,,metallic4 ,,ammunition ,a ,,specialty4 ,,bucket ,,plunger ,,steam ,,pumps1 ,,for ,,every ,,duty4 ,,buck ,,valley ,,machine ,,co41 ,,easthampton1 ,,mass4 ,,griscom ,,co',s ,,valve ,,refitting ,,machine4 ,illustration ,,pottsville1 ,,pa4 ,,steel ,,castings ,from #a_/d to #ae1jjj lb4 weight1 true to pattern1 of unequaled strength1 toughness1 and durability4 #ae1jjj ,crank ,shafts and #aj1jjj ,gear ,wheels of this steel now running prove its superiority over all other ,steel ,castings4 ,send for circular and price list4 ,,chester ,,steel ,,castings ,co41 #djg ,library ,st41 ,phila1 ,pa4 ,,carnegie ,,bros ,,co ,,union ,,iron ,,mills ,,pittsburgh ,,pa4 ,,wrought ,,iron ,,beams ,,channels ,,tees ,,angles ,the attention of ,architects1 ,engineers1 and ,builders is called to the great decline in prices of wrought ,,structural ,,iron4 ,it is believed that1 were owners fully aware of the small difference in cost which now exists between iron and wood1 the former1 in many cases1 would be adopted1 thereby saving insurance and avoiding all risk of interruption to business in consequence of fire4 ,book of detailed information furnished to ,architects1 ,engineers1 and ,builders1 on application4 ,,aland',s ,silent ,injector1 ,blower ,exhauster4 ,apply to ,s4 ,,aland1 ,rome1 ,oneida ,co41 ,n4 ,y4 ,illustration ,,wood-,,working ,,machinery1 ,such as ,woodworth ,planing1 ,tonguing1 and ,grooving ,machines1 ,daniel's ,planers1 ,richardson's ,patent ,improved ,tenon ,machines1 ,mortising1 ,moulding1 and ,re-,saw ,machines4 ,eastman's ,pat4 ,miter ,machines1 and ,wood-,working ,machinery generally4 ,manufactured by ,,witherby1 ,,rugg ,,richardson1 #bf ,salisbury ,street1 ,worcester1 ,mass4 7,shop formerly occupied by ,r4 ,,ball ,,co47 ,,shafts1 ,,pulleys1 ,,hangers1 ,,etc4 ,full assortment in store for immediate delivery4 ,,wm4 ,,sellers ,,co41 #gi ,liberty ,street1 ,new ,york4 ,,porter ,,manuf',g ,,co4 ,illustration ,illustration3 ,the ,new ,economizer ,boiler ,the ,new ,economizer1 the only ,agricultural ,engine with ,return ,flue ,boiler in use4 ,send for circular to ,,porter ,,mfg4 ,co41 ,limited1 ,syracuse1 ,n4 ,y4 ,g4 ,g4 ,,young1 ,gen4 ,agt41 #db ,cortland ,st41 ,new ,york4 ,,forster',s ,,rock ,,ore ,,breaker ,,and ,,combined ,,crusher ,,and ,,pulverizer4 ,illustration ,the simplest machine ever devised for the purpose4 ,parties who have used it constantly for six years testify that it will do double the work of any other ,crusher1 with one-third the ,power1 and one-half the expense for keeping in repair4 ,the smaller sizes can be run with ,horse ,power4 ,address ,,totten ,,co41 ,pittsburgh ,pa4 ,,steam ,,pumps4 ,,henry ,r4 ,,worthington4 #bci ,,broadway1 ,n4 ,y4 #hc ,,water ,,st41 ,,boston4 #gji ,,market ,,st41 ,,st4 ,,louis1 ,,mo4 ,,the ,,worthington ,,pumping ,,engines ,,for ,,water ,,works--,compound1 ,condensing or ,non-,condensing4 ,used in over #ajj ,water-,works ,stations4 ,,worthington ,,steam ,,pumps of all sizes and for all purposes4 ,,prices ,,below ,,those ,,of ,,any ,,other ,,steam ,,pump ,,in ,,the ,,market4 ,,water ,,meters4 ,,oil ,,meters4 ,,know ,,thyself4 ,the untold miseries that result from indiscretion in early life may be alleviated and cured4 ,those who doubt this assertion should purchase the new medical work published by the ,,peabody ,,medical ,,institute1 ,boston1 entitled ,,the ,,science ,,of ,,life2 or1 ,,self-,,preservation4 ,exhausted vitality1 nervous and physical debility1 or vitality impaired by the errors of youth1 or too close application to business1 may be restored and manhood regained4 ,illustration ,two hundredth edition1 revised and enlarged1 just published4 ,it is a standard medical work1 the best in the ,english language1 written by a physician of great experience1 to whom was awarded a gold and jeweled medal by the ,national ,medical ,association4 ,it contains beautiful and very expensive engravings4 ,three hundred pages1 more than #ej valuable prescriptions for all forms of prevailing disease1 the result of many years of extensive and successful practice1 either one of which is worth ten times the price of the book4 ,bound in ,french cloth2 price only #a1 sent by mail1 postpaid4 ,the ,london ,lancet says3 ,no person should be without this valuable book4 ,the author is a noble benefactor4 ,an illustrated sample sent to all on receipt of #f cents for postage4 ,the author refers1 by permission1 to ,hon4 ,p4 ,a4 ,,bissell1 ,m4,d41 prest4 of the ,national ,medical ,association4 ,address ,dr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,,parker1 ,no4 #d ,bulfinch ,street1 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,the author may be consulted on all diseases requiring skill and experience4 ,,heal ,,thyself ,,extra ,,bargains4 ,town rights1 #aj2 county1 #be4 ,best novelty yet manufactured4 ,if you want to make money1 address1 with stamp1 ,j4 ,h4 ,,martin1 ,hartford1 ,n4 ,y4 ,illustration3 ,,cary ,,moen ,,steel ,,wire ,,of ,,every ,,description ,,steel ,,springs4 #bcd ,w4 #bi4 ,,st41 ,,new ,,york ,,city ,,the #ahgf ,,injector4 ,simple1 ,durable1 and ,reliable4 ,requires no special valves4 ,send for illustrated circular4 ,,wm4 ,,sellers ,,co41 ,phila4 ,illustration3 ,,patents4 ,,caveats1 ,,copyrights1 ,,label ,,registration1 ,,etc4 ,messrs4 ,munn ,co41 in connection with the publication of the ,,scientific ,,american1 continue to examine ,improvements1 and to act as ,solicitors of ,patents for ,inventors4 ,in this line of business they have had ,,over ,,thirty ,,years' ,,experience1 and now have unequaled facilities for the ,preparation of ,patent ,drawings1 ,specifications1 and the ,prosecution of ,applications for ,patents in the ,united ,states1 ,canada1 and ,foreign ,countries4 ,messrs4 ,munn ,co4 also attend to the preparation of ,caveats1 ,registration of ,labels1 ,copyrights for ,books1 ,labels1 ,reissues1 ,assignments1 and ,reports on ,infringements of ,patents4 ,all business intrusted to them is done with special care and promptness1 on very moderate terms4 ,we send free of charge1 on application1 a pamphlet containing further information about ,patents and how to procure them2 directions concerning ,labels1 ,copyrights1 ,designs1 ,patents1 ,appeals1 ,reissues1 ,infringements1 ,assignments1 ,rejected ,cases1 ,hints on the ,sale of ,patents1 etc4 ,foreign ,patents4--,we also send1 free of charge1 a ,synopsis of ,foreign ,patent ,laws1 showing the cost and method of securing patents in all the principal countries of the world4 ,american inventors should bear in mind that1 as a general rule1 any invention that is valuable to the patentee in this country is worth equally as much in ,england and some other foreign countries4 ,five patents--embracing ,canadian1 ,english1 ,german1 ,french1 and ,belgian--will secure to an inventor the exclusive monopoly to his discovery among about ,,one ,,hundred ,,and ,,fifty ,,millions of the most intelligent people in the world4 ,the facilities of business and steam communication are such that patents can be obtained abroad by our citizens almost as easily as at home4 ,the expense to apply for an ,english patent is #ge2 ,german1 #ajj2 ,french1 #ajj2 ,belgian1 #ajj2 ,canadian1 #ej4 ,copies of ,patents4--,persons desiring any patent issued from #ahcf to ,november #bj1 #ahff1 can be supplied with official copies at reasonable cost1 the price depending upon the extent of drawings and length of specifications4 ,any patent issued since ,november #bj1 #ahff1 at which time the ,patent ,office commenced printing the drawings and specifications1 may be had by remitting to this office #a4 ,a copy of the claims of any patent issued since #ahcf will be furnished for #a4 ,when ordering copies1 please to remit for the same as above1 and state name of patentee1 title of invention1 and date of patent4 ,a pamphlet1 containing full directions for obtaining ,united ,states patents sent free4 ,a handsomely bound ,reference ,book1 gilt edges1 contains #adj pages and many engravings and tables important to every patentee and mechanic1 and is a useful handbook of reference for everybody4 ,price #be cents1 mailed free4 ,address ,,munn ,,co41 ,publishers ,,scientific ,,american1 #cg ,park ,row1 ,new ,york4 ,,branch ,,office--,corner of ,f and #gth ,streets1 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,,the ,,holly ,,system ,,of ,,steam ,,heating ,,for ,,cities ,,and ,,villages4 ,,holly ,,steam ,,combination ,,co4 ,,limited4 ,,lockport ,n4 ,y4 ,,see ,,illustrated ,,ad4 ,,in ,,last ,,number4 ,,the ,,asbestos ,,packing ,,co41 ,miners and ,manufacturers of ,asbestos1 ,,boston1 ,,mass41 ,,offer ,,for ,,sale3 ,,patented ,,asbestos ,,rope ,,packing1 ,,loose ,,journal ,,wick ,,mill ,,board1 ,,sheathing ,,paper1 ,,flooring ,,felt4 ,,cloth4 ,,columbia ,,bicycle4 ,a practical road machine4 ,indorsed by the medical profession as the most healthful of outdoor sports4 ,send #c cent stamp for #bd page catalogue1 with price list and full information1 or #aj cents for catalogue and copy of ,the ,bicycling ,world4 ,,the ,,pope ,m',f',g ,,co41 #hi ,summer ,street1 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,,machinists' ,,tools4 ,,new ,,and ,,improved ,,patterns4 ,send for new illustrated catalogue4 ,lathes1 ,planers1 ,drills1 c1 ,,new ,,haven ,,manufacturing ,,co41 ,new ,haven1 ,conn4 ,h4 ,w4 ,,johns' ,,asbestos ,,liquid ,,paints1 ,,roofing1 ,,boiler ,,coverings1 ,steam ,packing1 ,sheathings1 ,fireproof ,coatings1 ,cements1 ,,send ,,for ,,samples1 ,,illustrated ,,pamphlet1 ,,and ,,price ,,list4 ,h4 ,w4 ,,johns ,m',f',g ,,co41 #hg ,,maiden ,,lane1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,the ,,george ,,place ,,machinery ,,agency ,machinery of ,every ,description #aba ,chambers and #ajc ,reade ,streets1 ,new ,york4 ,,the ,,watson ,,pump1 ,,for ,,artesian1 ,,or ,,deepwell ,,pumping1 ,,piston ,,rod1 ,,plunger ,,well ,,rod ,,in ,,direct ,,line ,,machine ,,simple1 ,,efficient4 ,,james ,,watson1 #aejh ,s4 ,,front ,,st41 ,,phila4 ,,dies ,,for ,,every ,,purpose4 ,,stiles ,,parker ,,press ,,co41 ,middletown1 ,ct4 ,,bi-,,sulphide ,,of ,,carbon4 ,e4 ,r4 ,,taylor1 ,cleveland1 ,o4 ,,ice-,,house ,,and ,,refrigerator4-- ,directions and ,dimensions for construction1 with one illustration of cold house for preserving fruit from season to season4 ,the air is kept dry and pure throughout the year at a temperature of #cd deg4 to #cf deg44 ,contained in ,,scientific ,,american ,,supplement1 #aaf4 ,price #aj cents4 ,to be had at this office and of all newsdealers4 ,,beecher ,,peck1 ,successors of ,,milo ,,peck1 ,manufacturers of ,,peck',s ,,patent ,,drop ,,press1 ,regular sizes4 ,hammer from #ej to #b1egj ,lb4 ,special attention given to making of ,drop ,dies1 ,drop and ,machine ,forgings4 ,new ,haven1 ,conn4 ,,illustration ,,illustration #ag--,,stop ,,organs ,sub-bass and ,oct4 ,coupler1 box'd and ship'd only #ig4ge4 ,new ,pianos1 #aie to #a1fjj4 ,before you buy an instrument be sure to see my ,mid-summer offer1 illustrated1 free4 ,address ,daniel ,f4 ,beatty1 ,washington1 ,n4 ,j4 ,,advertisements4 ,,inside ,,page1 ,,each ,,insertion - - - #ge ,,cents ,a ,,line4 ,,back ,,page1 ,,each ,,insertion - - - #a4jj ,a ,,line4 7,about eight words to a line47 ,engravings may head advertisements at the same rate per line1 by measurement1 as the letter press4 ,advertisements must be received at publication office as early as ,thursday morning to appear in next issue4 --,the publishers of this paper guarantee to advertisers a circulation of not less than #ej1jjj copies every weekly issue4 ,,for ,,sale4--,,plymouth ,,machine ,works1 ,engine1 and ,saw ,mill4 ,patterns on hand4 ,locality good4 ,for particulars1 call on or address the works4 ,plymouth ,machine ,works1 ,plymouth1 ,richland ,co41 ,o4 ,,fire ,,brick1 ,,tile ,,and ,,clay ,,retorts ,,all ,,shapes ,,borgner ,o',,brien #bcrd ,,st1 ,,above ,,race1 ,,philadelphia4 ,,holly',s ,,improved ,,water ,,works4 ,direct ,pumping ,plan4 ,advantages3 #a4 ,secures by variable pressure a more reliable water supply for all purposes4 #b4 ,less cost for construction4 #c4 ,less cost for maintenance4 #d4 ,less cost for daily supply for all use of ,holly's ,improved ,pumping ,machinery4 #e4 ,affords the best fire protection in the world4 #f4 ,largely reduces insurance risks and premiums4 #g4 ,dispenses with fire engines1 in whole or in part4 #h4 ,reduces fire department expenses4 ,for information1 address the ,,holly ,,manufacturing ,,co41 ,lockport1 ,n4 ,y41 ,or ,,park ,,benjamin ,,bro41 ,gen4 ,agents1 #di and #ej ,astor ,house1 ,n4 ,y4 ,city4 ,illustration ,established #ahdd4 ,,joseph ,c4 ,,todd1 ,successor to ,,todd ,,rafferty1 ,,paterson1 ,n4 ,j41 ,engineer and ,machinist4 ,flax1 ,hemp1 ,jute1 ,rope1 ,oakum1 and ,bagging ,machinery4 ,steam ,engines1 ,boilers1 etc4 ,sole ,agent for ,mayher's ,new ,patent ,acme ,steam ,engine and ,force ,pumps combined4 ,also owner and exclusive manufacturer of ,,the ,,new ,,baxter ,,patent ,,portable ,,steam ,,engine4 ,these engines are admirably adapted to all kinds of light power for driving printing presses1 pumping water1 sawing wood1 grinding coffee1 ginning cotton1 and all kinds of agricultural and mechanical purposes1 and are furnished at the following low prices3 #a ,horse ,power1 #aej #aa_/b ,horse ,power1 #aij #b ,horse ,power1 #bde #ba_/b ,horse ,power1 #bge #c ,horse ,power4 #bij #d ,horse ,power1 #cej ,send for descriptive circular4 ,address ,j4 ,c4 ,,todd1 ,,paterson1 ,n4 ,j4 ,or ,no4 #aj ,barclay ,st41 ,new ,york4 ,,emery ,,wheels ,,and ,,grinding ,,machines4 ,illustration3 ,,ex ,,inutili ,,utilitas ,,tanite ,,trade ,,mark ,,the ,,tanite ,,co41 ,stroudsburg1 ,monroe ,county1 ,pa4 ,orders may be directed to us at any of the following addresses1 at each of which we carry a stock3 ,london1 ,eng41 #i ,st4 ,andrews ,st41 ,holborn ,viaduct1 ,e4 ,c4 ,liverpool1 ,eng41 #db1 ,the ,temple1 ,dale ,st4 ,sydney1 ,n4 ,s4 ,w41 #aa ,pitt ,st4 ,san ,francisco1 #b and #d ,california ,st4 ,chicago1 #aeb and #aed ,lake ,st4 ,st4 ,louis1 #bji ,north ,third ,st4 #haa to #hai ,north ,second ,st4 ,cincinnati1 #bab ,west ,second ,st4 ,indianapolis1 ,corner ,maryland and ,delaware ,sts4 ,louisville1 #dbg ,west ,main ,st4 ,nashville1 #bh ,west ,side ,public ,square4 ,new ,orleans1 #bf ,union ,st4 ,,the ,,new ,,york ,,ice ,,machine ,,company1 #ba ,,courtlandt ,,street1 ,,room #ed4 ,low ,pressure ,binary ,absorption ,system4 ,advantages over other ,machines4 ,makes #be per cent4 more ,ice4 ,uses only #a_/d water of condensation4 ,no ,pressure at rest4 ,pressure in running1 #ad pounds4 ,self-lubricating4 ,no ,leaks1 non-inflammable4 ,no action on ,metals4 ,easy ,attendance4 ,,wm4 ,a4 ,,harris4 ,,providence1 ,r4 ,i4 7,,park ,,street71 ,six minutes walk ,west from station4 ,original and ,only builder of the ,,harris-,,corliss ,,engine ,with ,harris' ,patented ,improvements1 from #aj to #a1jjj ,h4,p4 ,illustration ,,the ,,baker ,,blower4 ,centennial ,judges ,report4 ,good ,design and ,material4 ,very efficient in action4 ,with the special advantages that they can be connected for motion directly with engine without the use of gearing or belting4 ,,send ,,for ,,catalogue4 ,,wilbraham ,,bros4 ,no4 #bcah ,frankford ,avenue1 ,,philadelphia1 ,,pa4 ,,boiler ,,coverings1 ,plastic ,cement and ,hair ,felt1 with or without the ,patent ,,air ,,space ,method4 ,,asbestos ,,materials1 ,made from pure ,italian ,asbestos1 in fiber1 mill board1 and round packing4 ,,the ,,chalmers-,,spence ,,co41 #dj ,john ,street1 and ,foot of ,e4 #ith ,street1 ,new ,york4 ,,telegraph and ,electrical ,supplies4 ,send for ,catalogue4 ,c4 ,e4 ,,jones ,,bro41 ,,cincinnati1 ,o4 ,,wood ,,sole ,,shoes4 ,the cheapest1 most durable1 warm1 good looking1 and thoroughly waterproof shoe4 ,particularly adapted to ,brewers1 ,miners1 and all classes of laborers4 ,send stamp for circular and price list4 ,,chas4 ,w4 ,,copeland1 #abb ,summer ,st41 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,,buy ,,no ,,boots ,,or ,,shoes ,unless the soles are protected from wear by ,goodrich's ,bessemer ,steel ,rivets4 ,guaranteed to outwear any other sole4 ,all dealers sell these boots4 ,taps by mail for #ej cents in stamps4 ,send paper pattern of size wanted4 ,h4 ,c4 ,,goodrich1 #ai ,church ,st41 ,worcester1 ,mass4 ,,spy ,glasses1 ,field ,opera ,glasses1 ,,microscopes1 ,mc,a,l,l,i,s,t,e,r ,magnifying ,glasses4 ,circulars free4 ,mfg ,optician1 #di ,nassau ,st41 ,n4 ,y4 ,illustration ,,painters attention3 send for circulars4 etc4 of my latest ,metallic ,plates for graining oak1 walnut1 chestnut1 ash1 etc41 in the most rapid and excellent manner1 no skill required4 ,j4 ,j4 ,,callow4 ,cleveland4 ,o4 ,,hartford ,,steam ,,boiler ,inspection ,insurance ,,company4 ,w4 ,b4 ,,franklin1 ,v4 ,pres't1 ,j4 ,m4 ,,allen1 ,pres't4 ,j4 ,b4 ,,pierce1 ,sec'y4 ,,the ,,rodier ,,patent ,,single ,,iron ,,plane4 ,illustration ,made of extra quality iron4 ,a practical labor saving tool4 ,cuts against the grain equally as well as with it4 ,can be adjusted instantly to cut a coarse or fine shaving1 and excels any double iron plane ever produced4 ,address ,,laflin ,,manufacturing ,,co41 ,north ,elm ,street1 ,westfield1 ,mass4 ,,pyrometers1 ,for showing heat of ,ovens1 ,hot ,blast ,pipes1 ,boiler ,flues4 ,superheated ,steam1 ,oil ,stills1 etc4 ,,henry ,w4 ,,bulkley1 ,sole ,manufacturer1 #adi ,broadway1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,the ,,mackinnon ,,pen ,,or ,,fluid ,,pencil4 ,illustration ,particulars mailed ,free4 ,,mackinnon ,,pen ,,co41 #bjj ,broadway1 near ,fulton ,st41 ,n4 ,y4 ,,friedmann',s ,,patent ,,injector1 ,the best ,,boiler ,,feeder ,in the world4 ,simple1 ,reliable1 and ,effective4 #dj1jjj ,,in ,,actual ,,use4 ,,nathan ,,dreyfus1 ,sole ,manufacturers1 ,,new ,,york4 ,send for ,descriptive ,catalogue4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,backus ,,water ,,motor ,,supplies ,,from ,,hydrant ,,pressure the cheapest power known4 ,invaluable for blowing ,church ,organs1 running ,printing ,presses1 ,sewing ,machines in ,households1 ,turning ,lathes1 ,scroll ,saws1 ,grindstones1 ,coffee ,mills1 ,sausage ,machines1 ,feed ,cutters1 ,electric ,lights1 ,elevators1 etc4 ,it needs little room1 no firing up1 fuel1 ashes1 repairs1 engineer1 explosion1 or delay1 no extra insurance1 no coal bills4 ,is noiseless1 neat1 compact1 steady2 will work at any pressure of water above #ae lb42 at #dj lb4 pressure has #d-;horse power1 and capacity up to #f or #h horse power4 ,prices from #ae to #bej4 ,send for circular to ,,the ,,backus ,,water ,,motor ,,co41 ,newark1 ,n4 ,j4 ,,pictet ,,artificial ,,ice ,,co41 ,,limited1 ,p4,o4 ,box #cjhc4 #adb ,greenwich ,st41 ,new ,york4 ,guaranteed to be the most efficient and economical of all existing ,ice and ,cold ,air ,machines4 ,,microscopes1 ,,opera ,,glasses1 ,,spy ,glasses1 ,spectacles1 ,thermometers1 ,barometers1 ,compasses4 ,r4 ,j4 ,,beck1 ,manufacturing ,opticians1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,send for ,,illustrated ,,priced ,,catalogue4 ,j4 ,,stevens ,,co41 ,p4,o4 ,box #bh1 ,chicopee ,falls1 ,mass4 ,illustration ,manufacturers of ,stevens' ,patent ,breech-,loading ,sporting and ,hunters' ,pet ,rifles1 ,single and ,double ,barrel ,shot ,guns1 ,pocket ,rifles1 ,pocket ,shot ,guns1 ,gallery ,rifles1 ,superior ,spring ,calipers and ,dividers1 including the ,new ,patent ,coil ,spring ,calipers3 also ,double ,lip ,countersinks and ,hathaways' ,patent ,combination ,gauge4 ,,mill ,,stones ,,and ,,corn ,,mills4 ,we make ,burr ,millstones1 ,portable ,mills1 ,smut ,machines1 ,packers1 ,mill ,picks1 ,water ,wheels1 ,pulleys1 and ,gearing specially adapted to ,flour ,mills4 ,send for catalogue4 ,j4 ,t4 ,,noye ,,sons1 ,buffalo1 ,n4 ,y4 ,illustration3 ,,patent ,,cold ,,rolled ,,shafting4 ,the fact that this shafting has #ge per cent4 greater strength1 a finer finish1 and is truer to gauge1 than any other in use renders it undoubtedly the most economical4 ,we are also the sole manufacturers of the ,,celebrated ,,collins' ,,pat4 ,,coupling1 and furnish ,pulleys1 ,hangers1 etc41 of the most approved styles4 ,price list mailed on application to ,,jones ,,laughlins1 ,try ,street1 #b;d and #c;d ,avenues1 ,pittsburg1 ,pa4 #aij ,s4 ,canal ,street1 ,chicago1 ,ill4 --,stocks of this shafting in store and for sale by ,,fuller1 ,,dana ,,fitz1 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,geo4 ,place ,machinery ,agency1 #aba ,chambers ,st41 ,n4 ,y4 ,,leffel ,,water ,,wheels1 ,illustration ,with recent improvements4 ,prices ,greatly ,reduced4 #hjjj in successful operation4 ,,fine ,,new ,,pamphlet ,,for #ahgi1 ,sent free to those interested4 ,james ,leffel ,co1 ,springfield1 ,o4 #aaj ,liberty ,st41 ,n4 ,y4 ,city4 ,a ,,planing ,,mill ,,outfit ,,for ,,sale very low for cash4 ,will sell all together or each machine separate4 ,all first-class machines1 good order4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,kerrick ,,co41 ,indianapolis1 ,ind4 ,,bogardus' ,,patent ,,universal ,,eccentric ,,mills --,for grinding ,bones1 ,ores1 ,sand1 ,old ,crucibles1 ,fire ,clay1 ,guanos1 ,oil ,cake1 ,feed1 ,corn1 ,corn and ,cob1 ,tobacco1 ,snuff1 ,sugar1 ,salts1 ,roots1 ,spices1 ,coffee1 ,cocoanut1 ,flaxseed1 ,asbestos1 ,mica etc41 and whatever cannot be ground by other mills4 ,also for ,paints1 ,printers' ,inks1 ,paste ,blacking1 etc4 ,,john ,w4 ,,thomson1 successor to ,,james ,,bogardus1 corner of ,white and ,elm ,sts41 ,new ,york4 #c ,,printing ,,press ,illustration3 ,the ,excelsior ,print cards labels c4 7,self-inker #e7 #ac larger sizes ,for business or pleasure1 young or old4 ,do your own advertising and printing4 ,catalogue of presses1 type1 cards1 c41 for #b stamps4 ,kelsey ,co4 ,meriden1 ,conn4 ,,hektograph ,patents for the process of ,dry ,copying have been issued to us1 dated ,may #ah and ,june #a1 #ahhj4 ,the ,hektograph is now the only gelatine copying pad which can be used without infringing4 ,all infringements will be prosecuted to the full extent of the law4 ,,hektograph ,,co41 #bc and #bd ,church ,street1 ,new ,york4 ,,the ,,tanite ,,co41 ,,stroudsburg1 ,,pa4 ,,emery ,,wheels ,,and ,,grinders4 ,,london--#i ,st4 ,andrews ,st41 ,holborn ,viaduct1 ,e4 ,c4 ,,liverpool--#db ,the ,temple1 ,dale ,st4 ,,wood ,,working ,,machinery4 ,,planning1 ,,matching1 ,,molding1 ,,mortising1 ,,tenoning1 ,,carving1 ,,machines4 ,,band ,,scroll ,,saws ,,universal ,,and ,,variety ,,wood ,,workers1 c c4 ,j4 ,a4 ,,fay ,,co4 ,,cincinnati1 ,o41 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,metallic ,shingles ,make the most ,,durable and ,,ornamental ,,roof in the world4 ,send for descriptive circular and new prices to ,,iron ,,clad ,,manufacturing ,,co41 #bb ,,cliff ,,street1 ,,new ,,york4 ,,shepard',s ,,celebrated #ej ,screw ,cutting ,foot ,lathe4 ,foot and ,power ,lathes1 ,drill ,presses1 ,scrolls1 ,circular and ,band ,saws1 ,saw ,attachments1 ,chucks1 ,mandrels1 ,twist ,drills1 ,dogs1 ,calipers1 etc4 ,send for catalogue of outfits for amateurs or artisans4 ,h4 ,l4 ,,shepard ,,co41 #cca1 #ccc1 #cce4 #ccg ,west ,front ,street1 ,cincinnati1 ,ohio4 ,,wanted4--,,first-,,class ,,parties ,,in cities to sell ,wing's ,fan ,ventilators4 ,a great success4 ,rare chance to make money4 ,see ,,sci4 ,,am41 ,jan4 #ca1 #ahhj1 or send for pamphlets1 etc4 ,l4 ,j4 ,,wing1 or ,,the ,,simonds ,,mfg4 ,,co41 #ej ,cliff ,street1 ,new ,york4 ,,centennial ,,and ,,paris ,,medals4 ,mason's ,friction ,clutches and ,elevators4 ,new and ,improved ,patterns4 ,,volney ,w4 ,,mason ,,co41 ,providence1 ,r4 ,i41 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,,brown',s ,,pat4 ,,split ,,pulleys ,shafts1 ,hangers1 ,at low prices4 ,largest assortment4 ,a4 ,f4 ,,brown1 #eg1 #ei1 #fa ,lewis ,st41 ,new ,york4 ,illustration3 ,,prospectus ,,of ,,the ,,scientific ,,american ,,for #ahhj4 ,,the ,,most ,,popular ,,scientific ,,paper ,,in ,,the ,,world4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,volume ,,xliii4 ,,new ,,series4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,only #c4bj ,a ,,year1 ,,including ,,postage4 ,,weekly4 #eb ,,numbers ,a ,,year4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,this ,,widely ,,circulated and splendidly illustrated paper is published weekly4 ,every number contains sixteen pages of useful information1 and a large number of original engravings of new inventions and discoveries1 representing ,engineering ,works1 ,steam ,machinery1 ,new ,inventions1 ,novelties in ,mechanics1 ,manufactures1 ,chemistry1 ,electricity1 ,telegraphy1 ,photography1 ,architecture1 ,agriculture1 ,horticulture1 ,natural ,history1 etc4 ,,all ,,classes ,,of ,,readers find in ,,the ,,scientific ,,american a popular resume of the best scientific information of the day2 and it is the aim of the publishers to present it in an attractive form1 avoiding as much as possible abstruse terms4 ,to every intelligent mind1 this journal affords a constant supply of instructive reading4 ,it ,is promotive of knowledge and progress in every community where it circulates4 ,,terms ,,of ,,subscription4--,one copy of ,,the ,,scientific ,,american will be sent for one year--#eb numbers--postage prepaid1 to any subscriber in the ,united ,states or ,canada1 on receipt of ,,three ,,dollars ,,and ,,twenty ,,cents by the publishers2 six months1 #a4fj2 three months1 #a4jj4 ,,clubs4--,,one ,,extra ,,copy of ,,the ,,scientific ,,american will be supplied gratis for every club of five subscribers at #c4bj each2 additional copies at same proportionate rate4 ,postage prepaid4 ,one copy of ,,the ,,scientific ,,american and one copy of ,,the ,,scientific ,,american ,,supplement will be sent for one year1 postage prepaid1 to any subscriber in the ,united ,states or ,canada1 on receipt of seven dollars by the publishers4 ,the safest way to remit is by ,postal ,order1 ,draft1 or ,express4 ,money carefully placed inside of envelopes1 securely sealed1 and correctly addressed1 seldom goes astray1 but is at the sender's risk4 ,address all letters and make all orders1 drafts1 etc41 payable to ,,munn ,,co41 #cg ,,park ,,row1 ,,new ,,york4 ,,to ,,foreign ,,subscribers4--,under the facilities of the ,postal ,union1 the ,,scientific ,,american is now sent by post direct from ,new ,york1 with regularity1 to subscribers in ,great ,britain1 ,india1 ,australia1 and all other ,british colonies2 to ,france1 ,austria1 ,belgium1 ,germany1 ,russia1 and all other ,european ,states2 ,japan1 ,brazil1 ,mexico1 and all ,states of ,central and ,south ,america4 ,terms1 when sent to foreign countries1 ,canada excepted1 #d1 gold1 for ,,scientific ,,american1 #a year2 #i1 gold1 for both ,,scientific ,,american and ,supplement for #a year4 ,this includes postage1 which we pay4 ,remit by postal order or draft to order of ,munn ,co1 #cg ,park ,row1 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,scientific ,american is printed with ,,chas4 ,,eneu ,,johnson ,,co4',s ,,ink4 ,tenth and ,lombard ,sts41 ,philadelphia1 and #ej ,gold ,st4 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcriber's ,note3 x indicates italic script4 ,some archaic 7,early ,american7 spellings have been retained4 ,flour1 ,b4 ,r4 ,pegram1 ,jr4 444 #g1gbg1 #g1gbh #g1gbg1 #g1gbh are as printed4 7,,trade ,,marks47 ,error 'pecularities' corrected to 'peculiarities' ,the distinctive peculiarities of this steamer are the very high steam pressure that she carries--444 7,article #e3 ',a ,,remarkable ,,little ,,steamer4'7