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Library / Biology / Scientific American, Vol. XLIII.—No. 1. [New Series.], July 3, 1880 / Braille

Scientific American, Vol. XLIII.—No. 1. [New Series.], July 3, 1880 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

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210,887 braille cells · 219 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,085 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠊⠝⠙⠊⠉⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠊⠎⠀⠏⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠓⠑⠁⠧⠽⠀⠗⠕⠇⠇⠑⠗⠎⠂⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠓⠁⠇⠋⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠋⠊⠝⠑⠇⠽⠀⠉⠗⠥⠎⠓⠑⠙⠀⠕⠗⠑⠀
⠊⠎⠀⠎⠥⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠃⠥⠉⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠓⠁⠍⠍⠑⠗⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠏⠕⠺⠙⠑⠗⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠝⠀⠑⠊⠛⠓⠞⠽⠤⠎⠊⠑⠧⠑⠀⠛⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲⠀⠠⠕⠝⠑⠀
⠎⠁⠍⠏⠇⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠏⠕⠺⠙⠑⠗⠂⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠎⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀
⠋⠕⠥⠗⠞⠓⠂⠀⠊⠎⠀⠛⠊⠧⠑⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠊⠝⠑⠗⠂⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀
⠎⠁⠍⠏⠇⠑⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠅⠑⠏⠞⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠗⠑⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠉⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠊⠎⠀⠎⠑⠝⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠎⠎⠁⠽⠑⠗⠂⠀⠺⠓⠕⠀⠞⠁⠅⠑⠎⠀
⠓⠊⠎⠀⠁⠎⠎⠁⠽⠀⠞⠕⠝⠂⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠁⠝⠽⠀
⠃⠥⠽⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠑⠇⠇⠎⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠁⠏⠁⠉⠊⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠺⠕⠗⠅⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠁⠽⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠼⠓⠚⠀⠞⠕⠀⠼⠁⠑⠚⠀
⠞⠕⠝⠎⠀⠏⠑⠗⠀⠙⠁⠽⠲⠀⠠⠋⠕⠗⠀⠎⠁⠍⠏⠇⠑⠎⠂⠀⠼⠛⠲⠑⠚⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠉⠓⠁⠗⠛⠑⠙⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠎⠊⠇⠧⠑⠗⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠇⠑⠁⠙⠀⠏⠑⠗⠀⠞⠕⠝⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙
⠀⠼⠁⠚⠀⠏⠑⠗⠀⠞⠕⠝⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠛⠕⠇⠙⠆⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠇⠁⠗⠛⠑⠀
⠟⠥⠁⠝⠞⠊⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠁⠀⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠉⠓⠁⠗⠛⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀
⠚⠕⠃⠀⠉⠗⠥⠎⠓⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠁⠗⠅⠑⠞⠀⠧⠁⠇⠥⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠊⠇⠧⠑⠗
⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠇⠇⠕⠺⠑⠙⠂⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠋⠊⠧⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠑⠝⠀⠏⠑⠗⠀
⠉⠑⠝⠞⠲⠀⠙⠑⠙⠥⠉⠞⠑⠙⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠍⠑⠽⠑⠗⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠎⠀⠑⠝⠚⠕⠽⠀
⠁⠝⠀⠑⠭⠉⠑⠇⠇⠑⠝⠞⠀⠏⠁⠞⠗⠕⠝⠁⠛⠑⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠑⠎⠞⠀
⠍⠊⠝⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠁⠍⠏⠂⠀⠊⠝⠉⠇⠥⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠎⠥⠉⠓⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠠⠉⠓⠗⠽⠎⠕⠇⠊⠞⠑⠂⠀⠠⠉⠁⠗⠃⠕⠝⠁⠞⠑⠂⠀⠠⠧⠥⠇⠞⠥⠗⠑⠂⠀
⠠⠙⠥⠝⠉⠁⠝⠂⠀⠠⠍⠁⠞⠉⠓⠇⠑⠎⠎⠂⠀⠠⠉⠇⠊⠍⠁⠭⠂⠀⠠⠍⠕⠗⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠠⠎⠞⠁⠗⠂⠀⠠⠉⠗⠑⠎⠉⠑⠝⠞⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠚⠲⠀⠠⠙⠲⠀⠠⠙⠁⠝⠁⠂⠀
⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠉⠗⠥⠎⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠙⠕⠝⠑⠀⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠎⠁⠍⠏⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠎⠲⠀⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.