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Library / Biology / Scientific American, Vol. XLIII.—No. 1. [New Series.], July 3, 1880 / Braille

Scientific American, Vol. XLIII.—No. 1. [New Series.], July 3, 1880 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

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210,887 braille cells · 219 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,085 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠞⠓⠑⠀⠓⠁⠝⠛⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠋⠕⠕⠞⠀⠺⠁⠇⠇⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠞⠁⠉⠞⠲⠀⠠⠝⠕⠀⠋⠗⠑⠑⠀⠕⠭⠽⠛⠑⠝⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠁⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀
⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠺⠁⠞⠑⠗⠎⠆⠀⠝⠑⠊⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠙⠊⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠉⠁⠗⠗⠽⠀
⠁⠝⠽⠀⠉⠓⠇⠕⠗⠊⠙⠑⠎⠀⠕⠗⠀⠉⠓⠇⠕⠗⠕⠃⠗⠕⠍⠊⠙⠑⠎⠂⠀⠺⠓⠑⠗⠑⠊⠝
⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠎⠞⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠞⠀⠗⠊⠉⠓⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠠⠇⠑⠁⠙⠧⠊⠇⠇⠑⠄⠎⠀⠕⠗⠑⠎⠆⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠉⠑⠎⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠗⠑⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠑⠝⠞⠊⠗⠑⠇⠽⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍
⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠥⠇⠏⠓⠥⠗⠑⠞⠎⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠑⠉⠕⠝⠙⠀⠏⠗⠕⠉⠑⠎⠎⠀⠺⠁⠎
⠀⠊⠝⠊⠞⠊⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠥⠏⠇⠊⠋⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠍⠕⠥⠝⠞⠁⠊⠝⠀⠗⠁⠝⠛⠑⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠞⠀⠓⠑⠊⠛⠓⠞⠂
⠀⠁⠞⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠊⠕⠗⠊⠞⠑⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀⠕⠗⠑⠀
⠊⠝⠙⠊⠉⠁⠞⠕⠗⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠇⠕⠃⠑⠂⠀⠥⠏⠗⠕⠎⠑⠀⠞⠓⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠑⠙⠊⠍⠑⠝⠞⠁⠗⠽⠀⠎⠞⠗⠁⠞⠁⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠥⠎⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠕⠗⠊⠛⠊⠝⠁⠇⠀⠎⠥⠗⠋⠁⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠙⠑⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠀⠃⠑⠝⠞⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠋⠕⠇⠙⠑⠙⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠥⠝⠋⠗⠑⠟⠥⠑⠝⠞⠇⠽⠀⠑⠝⠞⠊⠗⠑⠇⠽⠀
⠃⠗⠕⠅⠑⠝⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠥⠗⠋⠁⠉⠑⠀⠺⠁⠞⠑⠗⠎⠀⠉⠁⠗⠗⠽⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠋⠗⠑⠑⠀⠕⠭⠽⠛⠑⠝⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠋⠗⠑⠑⠀⠉⠁⠗⠃⠕⠝⠊⠉⠀⠁⠉⠊⠙⠀⠝⠕⠺⠀
⠏⠑⠝⠑⠞⠗⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠁⠇⠕⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠁⠉⠞⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠕⠭⠊⠙⠊⠵⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠥⠇⠏⠓⠥⠗⠑⠞⠎⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠑⠙⠀
⠋⠗⠑⠑⠀⠎⠥⠇⠏⠓⠥⠗⠊⠉⠀⠁⠉⠊⠙⠂⠀⠛⠊⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀⠗⠊⠎⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠎⠥⠇⠏⠓⠁⠞⠑⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠥⠇⠏⠓⠕⠤⠉⠁⠗⠃⠕⠝⠁⠞⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠊⠗⠗⠑⠎⠊⠎⠞⠊⠃⠇⠑⠀⠇⠁⠺⠀⠕⠋⠀⠛⠗⠁⠧⠊⠞⠽⠀⠙⠊⠎⠞⠗⠊⠃⠥⠞⠑⠙⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠎⠥⠇⠏⠓⠁⠞⠑⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠕⠭⠊⠙⠑⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑
⠀⠉⠁⠗⠃⠕⠝⠁⠞⠑⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠧⠁⠎⠞⠀⠃⠕⠝⠁⠝⠵⠁⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀
⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠕⠝⠙⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠇⠙⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.