Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Engineering & Technology / The Panama Canal and Its Makers / Braille

The Panama Canal and Its Makers ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

151,758 braille cells · 157 embossed pages at 40×25 · 723 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠊⠎⠀⠏⠕⠎⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠀⠔⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠍⠁⠝⠀⠯⠀⠁⠝⠕⠏⠓⠑⠇⠑⠎⠂⠀
⠍⠥⠞⠥⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠏⠥⠗⠛⠫⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠍⠁⠇⠜⠊⠁⠇⠀⠕⠗⠛⠁⠝⠊⠎⠍⠂⠀⠍⠁⠽
⠀⠇⠊⠧⠑⠀⠓⠁⠏⠏⠊⠇⠽⠀⠞⠕⠛⠑⠮⠗⠲⠀⠠⠥⠝⠿⠞⠥⠝⠁⠞⠑⠇⠽⠂⠀⠁⠀
⠍⠁⠇⠜⠊⠳⠎⠀⠍⠁⠝⠀⠭⠀⠊⠎⠀⠃⠑⠇⠊⠑⠧⠫⠀⠗⠑⠍⠁⠔⠎⠀
⠊⠝⠋⠑⠉⠞⠊⠳⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠝⠕⠏⠓⠑⠇⠑⠎⠀⠿⠀⠝⠕⠀⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠹⠁⠝⠀
⠹⠗⠑⠑⠀⠽⠑⠜⠎⠂⠀⠊⠝⠌⠑⠁⠙⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠹⠗⠑⠑⠀⠙⠁⠽⠎⠄⠀⠇⠊⠍⠊⠞⠀⠷
⠀⠽⠑⠇⠇⠪⠀⠋⠑⠧⠻⠂⠀⠯⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠇⠽⠀⠊⠝⠉⠗⠑⠁⠎⠑⠎⠀⠮⠀
⠙⠊⠋⠋⠊⠉⠥⠇⠞⠽⠀⠷⠀⠑⠭⠞⠻⠍⠔⠁⠞⠬⠀⠍⠁⠇⠜⠊⠁⠲⠀⠀⠠⠙⠥⠗⠬⠀
⠼⠁⠊⠚⠋⠂⠀⠾⠀⠁⠀⠿⠉⠑⠀⠷⠀⠼⠃⠋⠂⠚⠚⠚⠂⠀⠮⠗⠑⠀⠶⠀⠼⠃⠁⠂⠛⠉⠊⠀
⠉⠁⠎⠑⠎⠀⠷⠀⠍⠁⠇⠜⠊⠁⠀⠁⠙⠍⠊⠞⠞⠫⠀⠞⠕⠀⠮⠀⠠⠉⠕⠍⠍⠊⠎⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀
⠠⠓⠕⠎⠏⠊⠞⠁⠇⠎⠂⠀⠯⠀⠮⠀⠙⠑⠁⠹⠤⠗⠁⠞⠑⠀⠋⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀⠙⠊⠎⠑⠁⠎⠑⠀
⠴⠀⠁⠍⠕⠝⠛⠀⠱⠊⠞⠑⠎⠀⠼⠃⠀⠏⠻⠀⠹⠳⠎⠯⠂⠀⠁⠍⠕⠝⠛⠀⠝⠑⠛⠗⠕⠑⠎⠀
⠼⠓⠀⠏⠻⠀⠹⠳⠎⠯⠲⠀⠀⠠⠔⠀⠼⠁⠊⠚⠛⠂⠀⠾⠀⠁⠀⠿⠉⠑⠀⠷⠀
⠼⠉⠊⠂⠚⠚⠚⠂⠀⠮⠗⠑⠀⠶⠀⠼⠁⠋⠂⠛⠑⠉⠀⠉⠁⠎⠑⠎⠂⠀⠮⠀
⠙⠑⠁⠹⠤⠗⠁⠞⠑⠀⠁⠍⠕⠝⠛⠀⠱⠊⠞⠑⠎⠀⠃⠑⠬⠀⠼⠉⠀⠏⠻⠀⠹⠳⠎⠯⠀⠯⠀
⠁⠍⠕⠝⠛⠀⠝⠑⠛⠗⠕⠑⠎⠀⠼⠙⠀⠏⠻⠀⠹⠳⠎⠯⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀⠊⠝⠉⠗⠑⠁⠎⠑⠀
⠁⠍⠕⠝⠛⠀⠱⠊⠞⠑⠎⠀⠴⠀⠙⠥⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠮⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠻⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠕⠗⠞⠊⠕⠝
⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠠⠑⠥⠗⠕⠏⠑⠁⠝⠀⠇⠁⠃⠳⠗⠻⠎⠂⠀⠘⠱⠀⠉⠊⠗⠉⠥⠍⠌⠁⠝⠉⠑⠎⠀
⠁⠗⠑⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠻⠢⠞⠀⠋⠀⠘⠹⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠎⠅⠊⠇⠇⠫⠀⠁⠗⠞⠊⠎⠁⠝⠎⠀⠯⠀⠮
⠀⠎⠉⠗⠑⠢⠫⠀⠉⠇⠻⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠌⠁⠋⠋⠀⠷⠀⠠⠁⠍⠻⠊⠉⠁⠝⠎⠲⠀⠀⠠⠮⠀
⠞⠕⠞⠁⠇⠀⠙⠑⠁⠹⠤⠗⠁⠞⠑⠀⠋⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠎⠀⠔⠀⠼⠁⠊⠚⠛⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠩⠪⠝⠀⠃⠑⠇⠪⠒⠤⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤
⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠁⠧⠻⠁⠛⠑⠀⠀⠠⠞⠕⠞⠁⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠝⠝⠥⠁⠇⠀⠠⠙⠑⠁⠹⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.