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The Panama Canal and Its Makers ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

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178,472 braille cells · 187 embossed pages at 40×25 · 723 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠁⠋⠋⠕⠗⠙⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠁⠀⠗⠥⠝⠀⠞⠓⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠉⠥⠞⠀⠕⠝⠀⠁⠀
⠍⠕⠞⠕⠗⠀⠞⠗⠕⠇⠇⠑⠽⠀⠊⠝⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠁⠝⠽⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠠⠎⠥⠏⠑⠗⠊⠝⠞⠑⠝⠙⠑⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠙⠑⠏⠁⠗⠞⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠠⠑⠭⠉⠁⠧⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠉⠕⠝⠎⠞⠁⠝⠞⠇⠽⠀⠎⠓⠥⠝⠞⠑⠙⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀
⠕⠝⠑⠀⠞⠗⠁⠉⠅⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠝⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠕⠉⠉⠁⠎⠊⠕⠝⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀
⠓⠁⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠕⠀⠗⠑⠞⠗⠑⠁⠞⠂⠀⠍⠥⠉⠓⠀⠊⠝⠛⠑⠝⠥⠊⠞⠽⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠗⠑⠟⠥⠊⠗⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠗⠑⠁⠙⠀⠁⠀⠺⠁⠽⠀⠁⠍⠕⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠎⠏⠕⠊⠇⠤⠞⠗⠁⠊⠝⠎⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠇⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀
⠊⠝⠧⠁⠇⠥⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠎⠥⠏⠑⠗⠊⠝⠞⠑⠝⠙⠑⠝⠞⠀
⠓⠊⠍⠎⠑⠇⠋⠀⠊⠎⠀⠎⠁⠉⠗⠊⠋⠊⠉⠑⠙⠀⠗⠁⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀
⠙⠑⠇⠁⠽⠀⠎⠓⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠕⠉⠉⠥⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠊⠗⠞⠀⠞⠗⠁⠊⠝⠂⠀⠁⠎
⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠥⠎⠥⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠉⠁⠇⠇⠑⠙⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠙⠊⠗⠞⠀
⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠎⠞⠁⠝⠙⠎⠀⠃⠑⠞⠺⠑⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠁⠍⠑⠗⠊⠉⠁⠝⠀
⠝⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠁⠇⠊⠎⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠇⠕⠝⠛
⠀⠉⠓⠑⠗⠊⠎⠓⠑⠙⠀⠎⠉⠓⠑⠍⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠝⠕⠺⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠉⠇⠁⠎⠎⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠙⠑⠋⠊⠝⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠙⠊⠗⠞⠀⠁⠎⠀⠍⠁⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀
⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠗⠕⠝⠛⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠑⠀⠎⠕⠀⠁⠏⠏⠗⠕⠏⠗⠊⠁⠞⠑⠀⠁⠎⠀⠕⠝⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠊⠎⠞⠓⠍⠥⠎⠲⠀⠀⠼⠁⠊⠀⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠠⠚⠥⠇⠽⠂⠀
⠼⠁⠊⠚⠓⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠠⠇⠑⠞⠀⠥⠎⠀⠝⠕⠺⠀⠎⠑⠑⠀⠓⠕⠺⠀⠍⠥⠉⠓⠀
⠍⠁⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠗⠑⠍⠕⠧⠑⠙⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠓⠕⠺⠀⠍⠥⠉⠓⠀
⠙⠊⠗⠞⠀⠗⠑⠍⠁⠊⠝⠎⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠽⠑⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀
⠗⠑⠍⠕⠧⠑⠙⠲⠀⠠⠊⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠛⠊⠧⠑⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠕⠞⠁⠇⠎⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠛⠕⠞⠀⠕⠥⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠃⠕⠞⠓⠀⠙⠗⠽⠀⠁⠝⠙
⠀⠺⠑⠞⠀⠺⠁⠽⠂⠀⠃⠕⠞⠓⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠉⠁⠝⠁⠇⠀⠏⠗⠊⠎⠍⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.