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Library / Engineering & Technology / The Panama Canal and Its Makers / Braille

The Panama Canal and Its Makers ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

178,472 braille cells · 187 embossed pages at 40×25 · 723 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠠⠃⠗⠊⠛⠁⠙⠊⠑⠗⠤⠠⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠁⠇⠀⠠⠓⠑⠝⠗⠽⠀⠠⠇⠲⠀⠠⠁⠃⠃⠕⠞⠀
⠶⠇⠁⠞⠑⠀⠠⠉⠕⠗⠏⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠑⠝⠛⠊⠝⠑⠑⠗⠎⠂⠀⠠⠥⠲⠠⠎⠲⠠⠁⠲⠶⠂⠀
⠺⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀⠊⠝⠧⠑⠎⠞⠊⠛⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠠⠍⠊⠎⠎⠊⠎⠎⠊⠏⠏⠊⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠇⠙⠀⠕⠧⠑⠗⠂⠀
⠺⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠍⠑⠍⠃⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠠⠉⠕⠍⠍⠊⠞⠞⠑⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠠⠝⠑⠺⠀⠠⠏⠁⠝⠁⠍⠁⠀⠠⠉⠕⠍⠏⠁⠝⠽⠀⠥⠝⠞⠊⠇⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠀⠺⠁⠎
⠀⠞⠁⠅⠑⠝⠀⠕⠧⠑⠗⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠛⠕⠧⠑⠗⠝⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠠⠥⠝⠊⠞⠑⠙⠀⠠⠎⠞⠁⠞⠑⠎⠂⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠺⠓⠕⠍⠀⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠊⠝⠥⠑⠙⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠁⠉⠞⠆⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠓⠑⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠍⠑⠍⠃⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠠⠃⠕⠁⠗⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠉⠕⠝⠎⠥⠇⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠠⠑⠝⠛⠊⠝⠑⠑⠗⠎⠂⠀
⠎⠊⠛⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠊⠝⠕⠗⠊⠞⠽⠀⠗⠑⠏⠕⠗⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠋⠁⠧⠕⠥⠗⠀⠕⠋
⠀⠁⠝⠀⠼⠓⠑⠤⠰⠋⠕⠕⠞⠤⠇⠑⠧⠑⠇⠀⠉⠁⠝⠁⠇⠀⠊⠝⠀⠠⠚⠁⠝⠥⠁⠗⠽⠂⠀
⠼⠁⠊⠚⠋⠲⠀⠠⠁⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠊⠝⠥⠕⠥⠎⠀⠎⠞⠥⠙⠽⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠎⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀
⠽⠑⠁⠗⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠝⠀⠁⠙⠧⠁⠝⠞⠁⠛⠑⠀⠑⠝⠚⠕⠽⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠋⠑⠺⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠁⠍⠑⠗⠊⠉⠁⠝⠀⠑⠝⠛⠊⠝⠑⠑⠗⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠕⠕⠅⠀⠕⠝
⠀⠠⠏⠗⠕⠃⠇⠑⠍⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠏⠁⠝⠁⠍⠁⠀⠠⠉⠁⠝⠁⠇⠀
⠏⠥⠃⠇⠊⠎⠓⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠠⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠁⠇⠀⠠⠁⠃⠃⠕⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠼⠁⠊⠚⠑⠀
⠶⠝⠑⠺⠀⠑⠙⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠼⠁⠊⠚⠛⠶⠀⠙⠑⠁⠇⠎⠀⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠋⠥⠇⠇⠽⠀⠁⠝⠙
⠀⠁⠃⠇⠽⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠓⠽⠙⠗⠕⠇⠕⠛⠽⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠍⠑⠞⠑⠕⠗⠕⠇⠕⠛⠽
⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠊⠎⠞⠓⠍⠥⠎⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠃⠎⠑⠗⠧⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑
⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠊⠝⠥⠑⠙⠀⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠊⠗⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠙⠕⠝⠀
⠠⠗⠊⠉⠁⠗⠙⠕⠀⠠⠍⠲⠀⠠⠁⠗⠁⠝⠛⠕⠂⠀⠺⠓⠕⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠁⠀
⠇⠕⠝⠛⠀⠑⠭⠏⠑⠗⠊⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠊⠎⠞⠓⠍⠥⠎⠲⠀⠠⠊⠀
⠎⠓⠁⠇⠇⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠁⠞⠞⠑⠍⠏⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠥⠍⠍⠁⠗⠊⠎⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠁⠎⠎⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠙⠁⠞⠁⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠥⠞⠓⠕⠗⠊⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠗⠑⠇⠽⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.