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Library / Engineering & Technology / The Panama Canal and Its Makers / Braille

The Panama Canal and Its Makers ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

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178,472 braille cells · 187 embossed pages at 40×25 · 723 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠊⠞⠎⠀⠞⠗⠊⠃⠥⠞⠁⠗⠊⠑⠎⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠁⠇⠗⠑⠁⠙⠽⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀
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⠉⠕⠝⠎⠞⠗⠥⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠛⠁⠞⠥⠝⠀⠙⠁⠍⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀
⠎⠏⠊⠇⠇⠺⠁⠽⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠥⠗⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠁⠎⠏⠑⠉⠞⠀
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⠟⠥⠑⠎⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠠⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠥⠁⠗⠁⠝⠞⠑⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀
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⠙⠗⠽⠀⠎⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠦⠀⠀⠠⠊⠇⠇⠥⠎⠞⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠒⠀⠠⠠⠊⠝⠀⠠⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠠⠠⠉⠥⠞⠂⠀⠠⠠⠺⠊⠙⠞⠓⠀⠼⠑⠚⠚⠀⠠⠠⠋⠑⠑⠞⠲⠀⠀
⠠⠊⠇⠇⠥⠎⠞⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠒⠀⠠⠠⠊⠝⠀⠠⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠠⠉⠥⠞⠂⠀
⠠⠠⠇⠕⠕⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠠⠠⠎⠕⠥⠞⠓⠀⠠⠠⠞⠕⠺⠁⠗⠙⠎⠀⠠⠠⠉⠥⠇⠑⠃⠗⠁⠲⠀⠀
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⠠⠏⠁⠝⠁⠍⠁⠀⠠⠉⠁⠝⠁⠇⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠗⠑⠉⠑⠊⠧⠑⠙⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀
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⠠⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠥⠞⠎⠑⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠋⠗⠑⠝⠉⠓⠀⠑⠝⠛⠊⠝⠑⠑⠗⠎⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠍⠑⠝⠉⠑⠙⠀⠉⠕⠇⠇⠑⠉⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠙⠁⠞⠁⠀⠗⠑⠇⠁⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠕⠀
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⠋⠥⠝⠙⠎⠀⠛⠗⠑⠺⠀⠇⠕⠺⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠕⠎⠑⠙⠀⠇⠑⠧⠑⠇⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠁⠝⠁⠇⠀⠃⠑⠛⠁⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠗⠊⠎⠑⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠁⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀
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⠠⠉⠁⠝⠁⠇⠀⠠⠉⠕⠍⠏⠁⠝⠽⠀⠉⠕⠍⠍⠑⠝⠉⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠼⠁⠓⠊⠙⠀
⠑⠇⠁⠃⠕⠗⠁⠞⠑⠀⠊⠝⠧⠑⠎⠞⠊⠛⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠙⠑⠞⠑⠗⠍⠊⠝⠑⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠁⠞⠉⠓⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠁⠗⠑⠁⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠍⠕⠥⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠗⠁⠊⠝⠋⠁⠇⠇⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠓⠁⠗⠛⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠗⠊⠧⠑⠗⠎⠲⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.