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Library / Engineering & Technology / The Panama Canal and Its Makers / Braille

The Panama Canal and Its Makers ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

178,472 braille cells · 187 embossed pages at 40×25 · 723 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠛⠗⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠎⠊⠝⠅⠀⠃⠑⠝⠑⠁⠞⠓⠀⠊⠞⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠀
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⠇⠕⠉⠅⠤⠎⠊⠞⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛⠀⠑⠭⠉⠁⠧⠁⠞⠑⠙⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠁⠍⠂
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⠍⠑⠗⠑⠇⠽⠀⠎⠥⠏⠑⠗⠏⠕⠎⠑⠙⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠥⠗⠋⠁⠉⠑⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀
⠕⠗⠊⠛⠊⠝⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠕⠎⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠼⠁⠊⠚⠑⠲⠀⠠⠑⠍⠃⠑⠙⠙⠑⠙⠀
⠊⠝⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠑⠁⠗⠞⠓⠽⠀⠍⠁⠎⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠁⠀
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⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠑⠁⠀⠶⠤⠼⠙⠚⠀⠋⠑⠑⠞⠶⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠕⠺⠑⠗⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠉⠕⠗⠑⠲⠀⠠⠝⠕⠗⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠙⠕⠝⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠉⠓⠑⠉⠅⠀⠎⠑⠑⠏⠁⠛⠑⠀⠃⠑⠝⠑⠁⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
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⠞⠗⠑⠝⠉⠓⠀⠑⠭⠉⠁⠧⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠥⠙⠙⠇⠑⠙⠀⠉⠕⠗⠑⠂⠀
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⠊⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠙⠗⠊⠧⠑⠝⠀⠙⠕⠺⠝⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠁⠝⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠼⠙⠚⠀
⠋⠑⠑⠞⠂⠀⠎⠕⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠎⠓⠑⠑⠞⠀⠏⠊⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠏⠥⠙⠙⠇⠑⠙⠀
⠉⠕⠗⠑⠀⠞⠕⠛⠑⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠀⠁⠝⠀⠊⠍⠏⠑⠗⠧⠊⠕⠥⠎⠀
⠃⠁⠗⠗⠊⠑⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀⠤⠼⠓⠚⠀⠋⠑⠑⠞⠆⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠁⠽⠂⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.