Library / Education / How We Think / Braille
How We Think ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.
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406,297 braille cells · 433 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,386 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠉⠕⠝⠉⠇⠥⠎⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠑⠧⠊⠙⠑⠝⠉⠑⠂⠀⠕⠋⠀⠗⠑⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀ ⠃⠑⠇⠊⠑⠋⠀⠊⠝⠙⠊⠗⠑⠉⠞⠇⠽⠂⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠝⠀⠕⠏⠑⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀ ⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠛⠕⠀⠺⠗⠕⠝⠛⠀⠁⠎⠀⠺⠑⠇⠇⠀⠁⠎⠀⠗⠊⠛⠓⠞⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀ ⠓⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠝⠑⠑⠙⠎⠀⠎⠁⠋⠑⠛⠥⠁⠗⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠝⠙ ⠀⠞⠗⠁⠊⠝⠊⠝⠛⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀ ⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠧⠊⠇⠎⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀ ⠊⠇⠇⠤⠑⠭⠑⠗⠉⠊⠎⠑⠙⠲⠀⠀⠠⠎⠊⠙⠑⠝⠕⠞⠑⠒⠀⠠⠊⠙⠑⠁⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀ ⠕⠥⠗⠀⠗⠥⠇⠑⠗⠎⠤⠤⠋⠕⠗⠀⠃⠑⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠕⠗⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠺⠕⠗⠎⠑⠀⠀⠠⠁⠝ ⠀⠑⠁⠗⠇⠊⠑⠗⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠠⠍⠊⠇⠇⠂⠀⠠⠚⠕⠓⠝⠀⠠⠇⠕⠉⠅⠑ ⠀⠶⠼⠁⠋⠉⠃⠤⠁⠛⠚⠙⠶⠂⠀⠃⠗⠊⠝⠛⠎⠀⠕⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑ ⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠕⠥⠛⠓⠞⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠇⠊⠋⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠑⠑⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀ ⠞⠗⠁⠊⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠎⠕⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠃⠑⠎⠞⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀ ⠺⠕⠗⠎⠞⠀⠏⠕⠎⠎⠊⠃⠊⠇⠊⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠃⠑⠀⠗⠑⠁⠇⠊⠵⠑⠙⠂⠀⠊⠝ ⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠕⠇⠇⠕⠺⠊⠝⠛⠀⠺⠕⠗⠙⠎⠒⠀⠠⠝⠕⠀⠍⠁⠝⠀⠑⠧⠑⠗⠀⠎⠑⠞⠎⠀ ⠓⠊⠍⠎⠑⠇⠋⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀⠁⠝⠽⠞⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀ ⠧⠊⠑⠺⠀⠕⠗⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠎⠑⠗⠧⠑⠎⠀⠓⠊⠍⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠁⠀ ⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠓⠑⠀⠙⠕⠑⠎⠆⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠎⠕⠑⠧⠑⠗⠀ ⠋⠁⠉⠥⠇⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠓⠑⠀⠑⠍⠏⠇⠕⠽⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠎⠞⠁⠝⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀ ⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠎⠥⠉⠓⠀⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠁⠎⠀⠊⠞⠀⠓⠁⠎⠂⠀⠺⠑⠇⠇⠀⠕⠗⠀⠊⠇⠇⠀ ⠊⠝⠋⠕⠗⠍⠑⠙⠂⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠞⠁⠝⠞⠇⠽⠀⠇⠑⠁⠙⠎⠆⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀ ⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠂⠀⠞⠗⠥⠑⠀⠕⠗⠀⠋⠁⠇⠎⠑⠂⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠕⠏⠑⠗⠁⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀ ⠏⠕⠺⠑⠗⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠙⠊⠗⠑⠉⠞⠑⠙⠲⠲⠲⠲⠀⠠⠞⠑⠍⠏⠇⠑⠎⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀ ⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠎⠁⠉⠗⠑⠙⠀⠊⠍⠁⠛⠑⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠺⠑⠀⠎⠑⠑⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀ ⠊⠝⠋⠇⠥⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠁⠇⠺⠁⠽⠎⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠕⠧⠑⠗⠀⠁⠀ ⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠁⠝⠅⠊⠝⠙⠲⠀⠠⠃⠥⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠗⠥⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.