Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Chemistry / Inventions in the century / Braille

Inventions in the century ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

922,906 braille cells · 982 embossed pages at 40×25 · 163 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠠⠧⠁⠗⠗⠕⠂⠀⠠⠧⠊⠗⠛⠊⠇⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠉⠕⠇⠥⠍⠑⠇⠇⠁⠂⠀⠠⠏⠇⠊⠝⠽⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠀⠠⠏⠁⠇⠇⠁⠙⠊⠥⠎⠀⠙⠑⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠊⠝⠎⠞⠗⠥⠉⠞⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠁⠗⠍⠑⠗⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠏⠗⠁⠊⠎⠑⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠕⠉⠉⠥⠏⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠃⠥⠞⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠗⠕⠍⠁⠝⠀⠠⠑⠍⠏⠊⠗⠑⠀⠛⠗⠑⠺⠂⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀
⠁⠗⠍⠊⠑⠎⠀⠁⠃⠎⠕⠗⠃⠑⠙⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠇⠇⠊⠛⠑⠝⠞⠀⠀
⠋⠁⠗⠍⠑⠗⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠊⠇⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠕⠊⠇⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀
⠇⠑⠋⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠑⠝⠊⠁⠇⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠇⠁⠧⠑⠂⠀⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠑⠍⠏⠊⠗⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠛⠗⠊⠉⠥⠇⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠙⠑⠉⠇⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀
⠞⠕⠛⠑⠞⠓⠑⠗⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠝⠀⠉⠁⠍⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠓⠕⠗⠙⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠝⠕⠗⠞⠓⠑⠗⠝⠀⠃⠁⠗⠃⠁⠗⠊⠁⠝⠎⠀⠏⠕⠥⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠝⠀⠺⠁⠧⠑⠎⠀
⠕⠧⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠎⠕⠥⠞⠓⠑⠗⠝⠀⠉⠕⠥⠝⠞⠗⠊⠑⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠃⠥⠗⠽⠊⠝⠛
⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠎⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠁⠗⠞⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠉⠊⠧⠊⠇⠊⠎⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲
⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠇⠕⠕⠍⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠊⠙⠙⠇⠑⠀⠁⠛⠑⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠝⠀
⠉⠇⠕⠎⠑⠙⠀⠙⠕⠺⠝⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠑⠥⠗⠕⠏⠑⠁⠝⠀⠺⠕⠗⠇⠙⠲⠀⠀
⠠⠺⠓⠁⠞⠑⠧⠑⠗⠀⠛⠕⠕⠙⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀
⠁⠉⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠊⠎⠓⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠙⠊⠗⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠉⠗⠥⠎⠁⠙⠑⠎⠂⠀⠁⠛⠗⠊⠉⠥⠇⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠗⠑⠁⠉⠓⠑⠙⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠇⠕⠺⠑⠎⠞
⠀⠑⠃⠃⠂⠀⠎⠁⠧⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀⠊⠝⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠎⠀⠀⠺⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠉⠥⠇⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠕⠊⠇⠀⠗⠑⠉⠑⠊⠧⠑⠙⠀⠁⠞⠞⠑⠝⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀
⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠍⠕⠝⠁⠎⠞⠊⠉⠀⠀⠊⠝⠎⠞⠊⠞⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠎⠊⠭⠞⠑⠑⠝⠞⠓⠀⠉⠑⠝⠞⠥⠗⠽⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠋⠊⠭⠑⠙⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠁⠎
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠠⠑⠥⠗⠕⠏⠑⠀⠁⠺⠕⠅⠑⠀⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀
⠇⠕⠝⠛⠀⠎⠇⠥⠍⠃⠑⠗⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠝⠀⠊⠞⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠁⠋⠞⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠊⠝⠧⠑⠝⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠊⠝⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀
⠃⠑⠉⠕⠍⠑⠀⠺⠑⠇⠇⠀⠑⠎⠞⠁⠃⠇⠊⠎⠓⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.