Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Earth / The Chain of Life in Geological Time / Braille

The Chain of Life in Geological Time ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

408,688 braille cells · 431 embossed pages at 40×25 · 2,288 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠕⠗⠊⠛⠊⠝⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠗⠁⠏⠓⠊⠞⠑⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠕⠉⠉⠥⠗⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠀
⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠏⠥⠗⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠀⠊⠝⠀⠊⠗⠗⠑⠛⠥⠇⠁⠗⠀⠧⠑⠊⠝⠎⠂⠀⠚⠥⠎⠞⠀
⠁⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀⠃⠊⠞⠥⠍⠊⠝⠕⠥⠎⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠗⠕⠉⠅⠀⠕⠊⠇⠂⠀⠕⠕⠵⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠋⠊⠎⠎⠥⠗⠑⠎⠂⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝
⠀⠓⠁⠗⠙⠑⠝⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠁⠎⠏⠓⠁⠇⠞⠀⠕⠗⠀⠉⠕⠁⠇⠽⠀
⠍⠁⠞⠞⠑⠗⠲⠼⠉⠀⠀⠠⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠋⠁⠉⠞⠎⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠃⠑⠀⠁⠙⠙⠑⠙⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠊⠉⠅⠀⠃⠑⠙⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠧⠑⠊⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠊⠗⠕⠝⠀⠕⠗⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠏⠁⠞⠊⠞⠑⠀⠕⠗⠀⠉⠁⠇⠉⠊⠥⠍⠀
⠏⠓⠕⠎⠏⠓⠁⠞⠑⠀⠶⠃⠕⠝⠑⠀⠑⠁⠗⠞⠓⠶⠲⠀⠠⠃⠕⠞⠓⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀
⠎⠥⠃⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠎⠀⠕⠉⠉⠥⠗⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠀⠙⠊⠎⠎⠑⠍⠊⠝⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠎⠞⠁⠞⠑
⠀⠊⠝⠀⠝⠑⠁⠗⠇⠽⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠗⠕⠉⠅⠎⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠉⠑⠝⠞⠗⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠙⠑⠋⠊⠝⠊⠞⠑⠀⠙⠑⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠎⠀⠃⠽⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠇⠊⠋⠑⠲⠀⠠⠊⠗⠕⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀⠥⠎⠥⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀
⠙⠊⠎⠎⠕⠇⠧⠑⠙⠀⠕⠥⠞⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠗⠑⠙⠑⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠁⠉⠊⠙⠎⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠑⠉⠁⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠧⠑⠛⠑⠞⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀
⠍⠁⠞⠞⠑⠗⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠺⠑⠀⠎⠑⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠇⠁⠽⠀⠊⠗⠕⠝⠎⠞⠕⠝⠑⠎
⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠁⠇⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠃⠕⠛⠤⠊⠗⠕⠝⠀
⠕⠗⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠉⠁⠇⠉⠊⠉⠀⠏⠓⠕⠎⠏⠓⠁⠞⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠁⠅⠑⠝⠀⠥⠏⠀⠃⠽⠀
⠍⠁⠝⠽⠀⠁⠝⠊⠍⠁⠇⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠎⠓⠑⠇⠇⠎⠀⠕⠗⠀
⠎⠅⠑⠇⠑⠞⠕⠝⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠙⠑⠁⠞⠓⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠙⠑⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠃⠑⠙⠎⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠑⠁⠤⠃⠕⠞⠞⠕⠍⠂⠀
⠎⠕⠍⠑⠞⠊⠍⠑⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠀⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠙⠑⠗⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠑⠭⠞⠑⠝⠞⠲
⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠉⠥⠗⠗⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀
⠏⠓⠑⠝⠕⠍⠑⠝⠁⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠍⠊⠙⠙⠇⠑⠀⠠⠇⠁⠥⠗⠑⠝⠞⠊⠁⠝⠀⠍⠁⠽
⠀⠃⠑⠀⠓⠑⠇⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠋⠋⠕⠗⠙⠀⠁⠀⠎⠞⠗⠕⠝⠛⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠥⠍⠏⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.