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The Fundamental Principles of Old and New World Civilizations ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

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1,333,918 braille cells · 1,401 embossed pages at 40×25 · 3,160 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠎⠽⠍⠃⠕⠇⠊⠎⠍⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠃⠊⠗⠙⠄⠎⠀⠉⠇⠁⠺⠀⠽⠑⠞⠀⠗⠑⠍⠁⠔⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠃⠑⠀⠇⠕⠕⠅⠫⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀⠠⠝⠁⠓⠥⠁⠞⠇⠀⠀⠿⠀⠮⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠭⠕⠤⠍⠁⠭⠁⠇⠞⠊⠉⠂⠀⠭⠕⠤⠞⠵⠁⠽⠁⠝⠟⠥⠊⠀⠕⠗⠀⠡⠕⠤⠡⠕⠇⠇⠊⠲⠀⠀
⠠⠔⠀⠐⠕⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠁⠝⠉⠊⠢⠞⠀⠠⠍⠑⠭⠊⠉⠁⠝⠀⠓⠜⠁⠝⠛⠥⠑⠎⠂⠀
⠏⠗⠑⠧⠊⠳⠎⠇⠽⠀⠟⠥⠕⠞⠫⠂⠀⠭⠀⠊⠎⠀⠎⠁⠊⠙⠀⠷⠀⠀⠮⠀⠎⠥⠏⠗⠑⠍⠑⠀
⠗⠥⠇⠻⠀⠞⠀⠓⠑⠀⠸⠓⠀⠃⠑⠢⠀⠛⠊⠧⠢⠀⠦⠋⠁⠝⠛⠎⠀⠯⠀⠝⠁⠊⠇⠎⠴⠀⠔⠀
⠕⠗⠙⠻⠀⠞⠕⠀⠀⠊⠝⠎⠏⠊⠗⠑⠀⠋⠑⠜⠀⠯⠀⠗⠑⠧⠻⠢⠉⠑⠲⠀⠠⠎⠉⠁⠞⠞⠻⠫
⠀⠑⠧⠊⠙⠢⠉⠑⠀⠯⠀⠮⠀⠋⠁⠉⠞⠀⠞⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠀⠠⠉⠕⠙⠑⠭⠀⠠⠍⠢⠙⠕⠵⠁⠀
⠮⠀⠙⠑⠉⠕⠗⠁⠞⠫⠀⠉⠇⠁⠺⠎⠀⠷⠀⠁⠝⠀⠑⠁⠛⠇⠑⠂⠀⠿⠀⠊⠝⠌⠁⠝⠉⠑⠂⠀
⠁⠏⠏⠑⠜⠀⠵⠀⠁⠀⠀⠍⠊⠇⠊⠞⠜⠽⠀⠙⠑⠧⠊⠉⠑⠀⠕⠝⠀⠮⠀⠩⠊⠑⠇⠙⠎⠀⠷⠀
⠉⠻⠞⠁⠔⠀⠺⠜⠀⠡⠊⠑⠋⠎⠂⠀⠎⠑⠑⠍⠀⠞⠕⠀⠊⠝⠙⠊⠉⠁⠞⠑⠀⠀⠞⠀⠮⠀
⠺⠜⠗⠊⠕⠗⠎⠀⠶⠀⠎⠏⠕⠅⠢⠀⠷⠂⠀⠍⠑⠞⠁⠏⠓⠕⠗⠊⠉⠁⠇⠇⠽⠂⠀⠵⠀⠦⠮⠀
⠉⠇⠁⠺⠎⠀⠕⠗⠀⠝⠁⠊⠇⠎⠴⠀⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠌⠁⠞⠑⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀⠋⠕⠇⠇⠪⠬⠀
⠏⠁⠎⠎⠁⠛⠑⠀⠋⠔⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠏⠗⠕⠧⠑⠎⠀⠞⠀⠮⠀⠞⠇⠁⠡⠞⠇⠊⠀⠕⠗⠀⠀
⠉⠳⠗⠞⠽⠜⠙⠀⠮⠀⠩⠁⠏⠑⠀⠷⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠴⠀⠁⠀⠙⠳⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠁⠥⠂⠀⠵⠀⠔⠀
⠋⠊⠛⠲⠀⠼⠃⠓⠂⠀⠝⠕⠲⠀⠼⠓⠂⠀⠴⠀⠀⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙⠫⠀⠃⠽⠀⠮⠀
⠠⠍⠑⠭⠊⠉⠁⠝⠎⠀⠵⠀⠁⠝⠀⠊⠍⠁⠛⠑⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠌⠁⠞⠑⠀⠊⠞⠎⠑⠇⠋⠲⠀⠠⠔
⠀⠁⠝⠕⠮⠗⠀⠀⠝⠁⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠓⠜⠁⠝⠛⠥⠑⠀⠭⠀⠴⠀⠎⠁⠊⠙⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀
⠝⠑⠺⠇⠽⠤⠑⠇⠑⠉⠞⠫⠀⠗⠥⠇⠻⠒⠀⠦⠠⠓⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠪⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠫⠀⠀⠕⠗⠀
⠏⠥⠞⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠮⠀⠠⠞⠇⠁⠡⠞⠇⠊⠂⠀⠓⠑⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠢⠀⠊⠝⠧⠑⠌⠫⠀⠾
⠀⠮⠀⠇⠑⠁⠮⠗⠝⠀⠛⠇⠕⠧⠑⠎⠂⠀⠀⠎⠀⠞⠀⠓⠑⠀⠉⠀⠛⠕⠧⠻⠝⠀⠯⠀⠹⠗⠪⠀
⠃⠁⠉⠅⠀⠮⠀⠃⠁⠇⠇⠀⠞⠕⠀⠮⠀⠐⠕⠀⠱⠕⠀⠹⠗⠪⠎⠀⠭⠀⠞⠕⠀⠀⠓⠊⠍⠀⠔⠀
⠮⠀⠛⠁⠍⠑⠲⠀⠠⠿⠀⠮⠀⠃⠥⠎⠔⠑⠎⠎⠀⠷⠀⠛⠕⠧⠻⠝⠬⠀⠧⠀⠍⠥⠡⠀
⠗⠑⠎⠑⠍⠃⠇⠑⠎⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀⠀⠛⠁⠍⠑⠀⠯⠀⠮⠀⠛⠁⠍⠑⠀⠷⠀⠙⠊⠉⠑⠴⠀
⠶⠠⠎⠁⠓⠁⠛⠥⠝⠂⠀⠃⠕⠕⠅⠀⠠⠠⠧⠊⠂⠀⠡⠁⠏⠲⠀⠭⠊⠊⠊⠶⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.