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The Fundamental Principles of Old and New World Civilizations ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

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1,590,360 braille cells · 1,685 embossed pages at 40×25 · 3,160 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠑⠧⠊⠙⠑⠝⠞⠇⠽⠀⠁⠎⠎⠕⠉⠊⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠑⠉⠏⠁⠞⠇⠂⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠽⠍⠃⠕⠇⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠕⠗⠞⠓⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠕⠉⠑⠇⠕⠞
⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠭⠕⠝⠑⠉⠥⠊⠇⠇⠊⠠⠥⠗⠎⠁⠀⠠⠍⠊⠝⠕⠗⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠏⠁⠗⠞⠊⠉⠥⠇⠁⠗⠇⠽⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠗⠑⠎⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠕⠀⠝⠕⠞⠑⠀⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠥⠞⠎⠏⠗⠑⠁⠙⠀⠓⠥⠍⠁⠝⠀⠃⠕⠙⠽⠀⠊⠎⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠎⠑⠗⠧⠑⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠎⠕⠗⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠗⠕⠎⠎⠤⠎⠽⠍⠃⠕⠇⠲⠀⠀⠠⠁⠀
⠉⠁⠗⠑⠋⠥⠇⠀⠎⠞⠥⠙⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠧⠑⠝⠞⠊⠕⠝⠁⠇⠀
⠗⠑⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠁⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠦⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠇⠕⠗⠙
⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠝⠕⠗⠞⠓⠂⠴⠀⠊⠝⠀⠋⠊⠛⠲⠀⠼⠁⠊⠂⠀⠛⠊⠧⠑⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠊⠍⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠞⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠥⠎⠑⠙⠀⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠧⠑⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠙⠑⠁⠀⠕⠋⠀⠙⠥⠁⠇⠊⠞⠽⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠥⠝⠊⠕⠝
⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠊⠝⠀⠕⠝⠑⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠥⠏⠏⠑⠗⠀⠓⠁⠇⠋⠀⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠋⠁⠉⠑⠀⠑⠭⠓⠊⠃⠊⠞⠎⠀⠁⠀⠝⠥⠍⠑⠗⠁⠇⠀⠕⠝⠀⠑⠊⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠉⠓⠑⠑⠅⠀
⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠽⠑⠎⠂⠀⠎⠑⠑⠍⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠕⠀⠀⠉⠕⠝⠧⠑⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠊⠙⠑⠁⠀⠕⠋⠀⠙⠥⠁⠇⠊⠞⠊⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠉⠊⠗⠉⠥⠇⠁⠗⠀⠑⠁⠗
⠀⠕⠗⠝⠁⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠂⠀⠥⠝⠊⠞⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠁⠀⠀⠃⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠃⠕⠧⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠓⠑⠁⠙⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠝⠕⠎⠞⠗⠊⠇⠎⠀⠥⠝⠊⠞⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠕⠝⠑
⠀⠝⠕⠎⠑⠂⠀⠎⠑⠑⠍⠀⠞⠕⠀⠀⠉⠕⠝⠧⠑⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠙⠑⠁⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠥⠝⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠥⠁⠇⠊⠞⠊⠑⠎⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠇⠎⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠕⠺⠑⠗
⠀⠓⠁⠇⠋⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠁⠉⠑⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠊⠎⠀⠗⠑⠝⠙⠑⠗⠑⠙⠀
⠎⠞⠗⠊⠅⠊⠝⠛⠇⠽⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠥⠏⠏⠑⠗⠂⠀⠃⠽⠀
⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠝⠀⠀⠓⠊⠛⠓⠑⠗⠀⠗⠑⠇⠊⠑⠋⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠍⠁⠗⠅⠑⠙⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀
⠏⠑⠗⠏⠑⠝⠙⠊⠉⠥⠇⠁⠗⠀⠇⠊⠝⠑⠎⠂⠀⠑⠭⠓⠊⠃⠊⠞⠎⠀⠁⠀⠍⠕⠥⠞⠓⠀
⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠁⠀⠋⠇⠊⠝⠞⠀⠅⠝⠊⠋⠑⠂⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀
⠎⠽⠍⠃⠕⠇⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠑⠽⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠋⠁⠝⠛⠎⠀⠉⠁⠗⠧⠑⠙⠀⠕⠝⠀⠊⠞⠂⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.