Library / Mathematics / Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica / Braille
Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.
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845,307 braille cells · 904 embossed pages at 40×25 · 16,788 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠑⠎⠎⠑⠀⠉⠕⠗⠏⠕⠗⠊⠎⠀⠁⠙⠀⠉⠑⠗⠞⠥⠍⠀⠀⠇⠕⠉⠥⠍⠀⠏⠑⠗⠛⠑⠝⠞⠊⠎ ⠀⠧⠑⠇⠕⠉⠊⠞⠁⠞⠑⠍⠀⠥⠇⠞⠊⠍⠁⠍⠲⠀⠠⠓⠁⠝⠉⠀⠑⠝⠊⠍⠂⠀ ⠁⠝⠞⠑⠟⠥⠁⠍⠀⠉⠕⠗⠏⠥⠎⠀⠁⠞⠞⠊⠝⠛⠊⠞⠀⠀⠇⠕⠉⠥⠍⠂⠀⠝⠕⠝⠀ ⠑⠎⠎⠑⠀⠥⠇⠞⠊⠍⠁⠍⠂⠀⠥⠃⠊⠀⠁⠞⠞⠊⠛⠊⠞⠂⠀⠝⠥⠇⠇⠁⠍⠀⠑⠎⠎⠑⠲⠀ ⠠⠑⠞⠀⠗⠑⠎⠏⠕⠝⠎⠊⠕⠀⠋⠁⠉⠊⠇⠊⠎⠀⠀⠑⠎⠞⠲⠀⠠⠏⠑⠗⠀ ⠧⠑⠇⠕⠉⠊⠞⠁⠞⠑⠍⠀⠥⠇⠞⠊⠍⠁⠍⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠇⠇⠊⠛⠊⠀⠑⠁⠍⠂⠀⠟⠥⠁⠀ ⠉⠕⠗⠏⠥⠎⠀⠍⠕⠧⠑⠞⠥⠗⠀⠝⠑⠟⠆⠀⠀⠁⠝⠞⠑⠟⠥⠁⠍⠀⠁⠞⠞⠊⠝⠛⠊⠞⠀ ⠇⠕⠉⠥⠍⠀⠥⠇⠞⠊⠍⠥⠍⠀⠀⠍⠕⠞⠥⠎⠀⠉⠑⠎⠎⠁⠞⠂⠀⠝⠑⠟⠆⠀ ⠏⠕⠎⠞⠑⠁⠂⠀⠎⠑⠙⠀⠞⠥⠝⠉⠀⠉⠥⠍⠀⠀⠁⠞⠞⠊⠝⠛⠊⠞⠂⠀⠊⠙⠀⠑⠎⠞⠀ ⠊⠇⠇⠁⠍⠀⠊⠏⠎⠁⠍⠀⠧⠑⠇⠕⠉⠊⠞⠁⠞⠑⠍⠀⠟⠥⠁⠉⠥⠍⠀⠉⠕⠗⠏⠥⠎⠀ ⠁⠞⠞⠊⠝⠛⠊⠞⠀⠇⠕⠉⠥⠍⠀⠀⠥⠇⠞⠊⠍⠥⠍⠀⠀⠟⠥⠁⠉⠥⠍⠀⠍⠕⠞⠥⠎⠀ ⠉⠑⠎⠎⠁⠞⠲⠀⠠⠑⠞⠀⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠊⠞⠑⠗⠀⠏⠑⠗⠀⠥⠇⠞⠊⠍⠁⠍⠀ ⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠑⠍⠀⠀⠟⠥⠁⠝⠞⠊⠞⠁⠞⠥⠍⠀⠑⠧⠁⠝⠑⠎⠉⠑⠝⠞⠊⠥⠍⠀ ⠊⠝⠞⠑⠇⠇⠊⠛⠑⠝⠙⠁⠍⠀⠑⠎⠎⠑⠀⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠑⠍⠀⠟⠥⠁⠝⠞⠊⠞⠁⠞⠥⠍⠀ ⠝⠕⠝⠀⠀⠁⠝⠞⠑⠟⠥⠁⠍⠀⠑⠧⠁⠝⠑⠎⠉⠥⠝⠞⠂⠀⠝⠕⠝⠀⠏⠕⠎⠞⠑⠁⠂⠀ ⠎⠑⠙⠀⠟⠥⠁⠉⠥⠍⠀⠑⠧⠁⠝⠑⠎⠉⠥⠝⠞⠲⠀⠠⠏⠁⠗⠊⠞⠑⠗⠀⠀⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠀⠀ ⠏⠗⠊⠍⠁⠀⠝⠁⠎⠉⠑⠝⠞⠊⠥⠍⠀⠑⠎⠞⠀⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠀⠟⠥⠁⠉⠥⠍⠀ ⠝⠁⠎⠉⠥⠝⠞⠥⠗⠲⠀⠠⠑⠞⠀⠎⠥⠍⠍⠁⠀⠏⠗⠊⠍⠁⠀⠀⠥⠇⠞⠊⠍⠁⠀⠑⠎⠞⠀⠀ ⠟⠥⠁⠉⠥⠍⠀⠑⠎⠎⠑⠀⠶⠧⠑⠇⠀⠁⠥⠛⠑⠗⠊⠀⠀⠍⠊⠝⠥⠊⠶⠀ ⠊⠝⠉⠊⠏⠊⠥⠝⠞⠀⠀⠉⠑⠎⠎⠁⠝⠞⠲⠀⠠⠑⠭⠞⠁⠞⠀⠇⠊⠍⠑⠎⠀⠟⠥⠑⠍⠀⠀ ⠧⠑⠇⠕⠉⠊⠞⠁⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠋⠊⠝⠑⠀⠍⠕⠞⠥⠎⠀⠁⠞⠞⠊⠝⠛⠑⠗⠑⠀ ⠏⠕⠞⠑⠎⠞⠂⠀⠝⠕⠝⠀⠁⠥⠞⠑⠍⠀⠞⠗⠁⠝⠎⠛⠗⠑⠙⠊⠲⠀⠠⠓⠉⠀⠑⠎⠞⠀⠀ ⠧⠑⠇⠕⠉⠊⠞⠁⠎⠀⠥⠇⠞⠊⠍⠁⠲⠀⠠⠑⠞⠀⠏⠁⠗⠀⠑⠎⠞⠀⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠀ ⠇⠊⠍⠊⠞⠊⠎⠀⠟⠥⠁⠝⠞⠊⠞⠁⠞⠥⠍⠀⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠕⠗⠞⠊⠕⠝⠥⠍⠀⠀ ⠕⠍⠝⠊⠥⠍⠀⠊⠝⠉⠊⠏⠊⠑⠝⠞⠊⠥⠍⠀⠀⠉⠑⠎⠎⠁⠝⠞⠊⠥⠍⠲⠀⠠⠉⠥⠍⠟⠆⠀
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