Library / Mathematics / Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica / Braille
Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.
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845,307 braille cells · 904 embossed pages at 40×25 · 16,788 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠏⠕⠝⠁⠝⠞⠥⠗⠀⠍⠕⠞⠥⠎⠀⠊⠇⠇⠊⠎⠀⠑⠎⠎⠑⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠊⠥⠍⠀⠎⠑⠭⠀⠀ ⠙⠑⠉⠑⠍⠂⠀⠀⠎⠥⠍⠍⠁⠀⠑⠗⠊⠞⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠊⠥⠍⠀⠀⠎⠑⠭⠙⠑⠉⠊⠍⠲⠀ ⠠⠊⠝⠀⠉⠕⠗⠏⠕⠗⠥⠍⠀⠊⠛⠊⠞⠥⠗⠀⠉⠕⠝⠉⠥⠗⠎⠥⠂⠀⠎⠊⠀⠉⠕⠗⠏⠥⠎⠀ ⠠⠁⠀⠇⠥⠉⠗⠑⠞⠥⠗⠀⠍⠕⠞⠥⠎⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠑⠎⠀⠀⠞⠗⠑⠎⠀⠧⠑⠇⠀ ⠟⠥⠁⠞⠥⠕⠗⠀⠧⠑⠇⠀⠟⠥⠊⠝⠟⠆⠀⠉⠕⠗⠏⠥⠎⠀⠠⠃⠀⠁⠍⠊⠞⠞⠑⠞⠀ ⠏⠁⠗⠞⠑⠎⠀⠞⠕⠞⠊⠙⠑⠍⠂⠀⠁⠙⠑⠕⠟⠆⠀⠏⠑⠗⠛⠑⠞⠀⠀⠉⠕⠗⠏⠥⠎⠀⠠⠁ ⠀⠏⠕⠎⠞⠀⠗⠑⠋⠇⠑⠭⠊⠕⠝⠑⠍⠀⠉⠥⠍⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠊⠃⠥⠎⠀⠝⠕⠧⠑⠍⠀⠧⠑⠇ ⠀⠙⠑⠉⠑⠍⠀⠧⠑⠇⠀⠥⠝⠙⠑⠉⠊⠍⠆⠀⠀⠠⠃⠀⠉⠥⠍⠀⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠊⠃⠥⠎⠀ ⠎⠑⠏⠞⠑⠍⠀⠧⠑⠇⠀⠎⠑⠭⠀⠧⠑⠇⠀⠟⠥⠊⠝⠟⠆⠀⠑⠭⠊⠎⠞⠑⠝⠞⠑⠀ ⠎⠑⠍⠏⠑⠗⠀⠎⠥⠍⠍⠁⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠊⠥⠍⠀⠎⠑⠭⠙⠑⠉⠊⠍⠀⠀⠥⠞⠀⠏⠗⠊⠥⠎⠲ ⠀⠠⠎⠊⠝⠀⠉⠕⠗⠏⠥⠎⠀⠠⠁⠀⠇⠥⠉⠗⠑⠞⠥⠗⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠑⠎⠀⠝⠕⠧⠑⠍⠀ ⠧⠑⠇⠀⠙⠑⠉⠑⠍⠀⠧⠑⠇⠀⠥⠝⠙⠑⠉⠊⠍⠀⠧⠑⠇⠀⠀⠙⠥⠕⠙⠑⠉⠊⠍⠂⠀ ⠁⠙⠑⠕⠟⠆⠀⠏⠗⠕⠛⠗⠑⠙⠊⠁⠞⠥⠗⠀⠏⠕⠎⠞⠀⠉⠕⠝⠉⠥⠗⠎⠥⠍⠀⠉⠥⠍⠀ ⠏⠁⠗⠞⠊⠃⠥⠎⠀⠟⠥⠊⠝⠙⠑⠉⠊⠍⠀⠧⠑⠇⠀⠀⠎⠑⠭⠙⠑⠉⠊⠍⠀⠧⠑⠇⠀ ⠎⠑⠏⠞⠑⠝⠙⠑⠉⠊⠍⠀⠧⠑⠇⠀⠕⠉⠞⠕⠙⠑⠉⠊⠍⠆⠀⠉⠕⠗⠏⠥⠎⠀⠠⠃⠀ ⠁⠍⠊⠞⠞⠑⠝⠙⠕⠂⠀⠞⠕⠞⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠑⠎⠀⠟⠥⠕⠞⠀⠀⠠⠁⠀⠇⠥⠉⠗⠁⠞⠥⠗⠂ ⠀⠧⠑⠇⠀⠏⠗⠕⠛⠗⠑⠙⠊⠑⠞⠥⠗⠀⠉⠥⠍⠀⠥⠝⠁⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠑⠂⠀⠁⠍⠊⠎⠎⠊⠎ ⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠊⠃⠥⠎⠀⠝⠕⠧⠑⠍⠂⠀⠧⠑⠇⠀⠀⠟⠥⠊⠑⠎⠉⠑⠞⠀⠁⠍⠊⠎⠎⠕⠀ ⠍⠕⠞⠥⠀⠎⠥⠕⠀⠏⠗⠕⠛⠗⠑⠎⠎⠊⠧⠕⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠊⠥⠍⠀⠙⠑⠉⠑⠍⠂⠀⠧⠑⠇⠀ ⠗⠑⠛⠗⠑⠙⠊⠑⠞⠥⠗⠀⠉⠥⠍⠀⠥⠝⠁⠀⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠑⠀⠁⠍⠊⠎⠎⠕⠀⠍⠕⠞⠥⠀ ⠎⠥⠕⠀⠀⠶⠥⠞⠀⠊⠞⠁⠀⠙⠊⠉⠁⠍⠶⠀⠥⠝⠁⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠑⠀⠁⠍⠏⠇⠊⠥⠎⠂⠀ ⠧⠑⠇⠀⠗⠑⠛⠗⠑⠙⠊⠑⠞⠥⠗⠀⠀⠉⠥⠍⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠊⠃⠥⠎⠀⠙⠥⠁⠃⠥⠎⠀⠕⠃⠀ ⠙⠑⠞⠗⠁⠉⠞⠥⠍⠀⠍⠕⠞⠥⠍⠀⠏⠗⠕⠛⠗⠑⠎⠎⠊⠧⠥⠍⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠊⠥⠍⠀ ⠙⠥⠕⠙⠑⠉⠊⠍⠲⠀⠠⠁⠞⠟⠆⠀⠀⠊⠞⠁⠀⠎⠥⠍⠍⠀⠍⠕⠞⠥⠥⠍⠀ ⠉⠕⠝⠎⠏⠊⠗⠁⠝⠞⠊⠥⠍⠀⠼⠁⠑⠀⠀⠼⠁⠀⠧⠑⠇⠀⠼⠁⠋⠀⠀⠼⠚⠂⠀
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.