Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 664, September 22,1888 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 664, September 22,1888 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

218,489 braille cells · 231 embossed pages at 40×25 · 298 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠙⠑⠎⠊⠗⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠕⠃⠞⠁⠊⠝⠀⠁⠀⠋⠇⠁⠍⠑⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠁⠀⠍⠥⠉⠓⠀
⠓⠊⠛⠓⠑⠗⠀⠞⠑⠍⠏⠑⠗⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠂⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠑⠉⠑⠎⠎⠁⠗⠽⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠗⠑⠎⠕⠗⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠀⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠁⠇⠀⠁⠗⠗⠁⠝⠛⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀
⠓⠑⠁⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠊⠗⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠝⠙⠑⠙⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠉⠕⠍⠃⠥⠎⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀
⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠁⠎⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠊⠝⠉⠊⠏⠇⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠓⠑⠁⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠊⠗⠀⠃⠽⠀⠍⠑⠁⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠺⠁⠎⠞⠑⠀⠓⠑⠁⠞⠀⠑⠎⠉⠁⠏⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠁⠎⠞⠑⠀⠛⠁⠎⠤⠤⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠗⠑⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠁⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠏⠗⠊⠝⠉⠊⠏⠇⠑⠤⠤⠺⠁⠎⠀⠁⠙⠕⠏⠞⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀
⠠⠍⠗⠲⠀⠠⠋⠲⠀⠠⠎⠊⠑⠍⠑⠝⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠏⠏⠇⠊⠑⠙⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠛⠁⠎⠀⠃⠥⠗⠝⠑⠗⠎⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠓⠊⠛⠓⠀⠞⠑⠍⠏⠑⠗⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀
⠎⠞⠕⠧⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠎⠊⠑⠍⠑⠝⠎⠀⠃⠥⠗⠝⠑⠗⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠗⠑⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠁⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠏⠗⠊⠝⠉⠊⠏⠇⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠕⠇⠇⠕⠺⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠗⠑⠎⠥⠇⠞⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠕⠃⠞⠁⠊⠝⠑⠙⠒⠀⠠⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠁⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠎⠥⠍⠏⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠼⠁⠑⠚⠀⠇⠊⠞⠑⠗⠎⠀⠏⠑⠗⠀⠓⠕⠥⠗⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠼⠁⠀⠞⠕⠀⠼⠉⠀⠉⠁⠗⠉⠑⠇⠎⠆⠀⠼⠃⠑⠚⠀⠞⠕
⠀⠼⠉⠚⠚⠀⠇⠊⠞⠑⠗⠎⠂⠀⠼⠋⠀⠞⠕⠀⠼⠛⠀⠉⠁⠗⠉⠑⠇⠎⠆⠀⠼⠋⠚⠚⠀
⠇⠊⠞⠑⠗⠎⠂⠀⠼⠁⠑⠀⠉⠁⠗⠉⠑⠇⠎⠆⠀⠼⠓⠚⠚⠀⠇⠊⠞⠑⠗⠎⠂⠀⠼⠃⠚⠀⠞⠕
⠀⠼⠃⠃⠀⠉⠁⠗⠉⠑⠇⠎⠆⠀⠼⠁⠂⠋⠚⠚⠀⠇⠊⠞⠑⠗⠎⠂⠀⠼⠙⠋⠀⠞⠕⠀⠼⠙⠓⠀
⠉⠁⠗⠉⠑⠇⠎⠆⠀⠼⠃⠂⠃⠚⠚⠀⠇⠊⠞⠑⠗⠎⠂⠀⠼⠛⠃⠀⠉⠁⠗⠉⠑⠇⠎⠲⠀
⠠⠥⠝⠋⠕⠗⠞⠥⠝⠁⠞⠑⠇⠽⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠞⠗⠥⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠠⠎⠊⠑⠍⠑⠝⠎⠀⠠⠁⠗⠛⠁⠝⠙⠀⠇⠁⠍⠏⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠙⠑⠇⠊⠉⠁⠞⠑⠂
⠀⠁⠝⠙⠂⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠕⠧⠑⠗⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠙⠊⠎⠁⠙⠧⠁⠝⠞⠁⠛⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛⠀⠓⠑⠁⠧⠽⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠗⠁⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀
⠥⠝⠎⠊⠛⠓⠞⠇⠽⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠠⠛⠑⠗⠍⠁⠝⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀
⠺⠊⠙⠑⠇⠽⠀⠁⠙⠕⠏⠞⠑⠙⠆⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠠⠋⠗⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.