Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Art / Scientific American, Volume XXXVI., No. 8, February 24, 1877 / Braille

Scientific American, Volume XXXVI., No. 8, February 24, 1877 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

270,115 braille cells · 283 embossed pages at 40×25 · 557 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠏⠇⠥⠝⠛⠑⠙⠀⠎⠑⠧⠑⠗⠁⠇⠀⠽⠁⠗⠙⠎⠀⠃⠑⠇⠕⠺⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠥⠗⠋⠁⠉⠑⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠑⠁⠂⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠕⠀⠇⠕⠝⠛⠑⠗⠀⠊⠝⠋⠇⠥⠑⠝⠉⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀
⠺⠊⠝⠙⠀⠕⠗⠀⠺⠁⠧⠑⠲⠀⠠⠇⠑⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠑⠁⠀⠃⠑⠀⠁⠛⠊⠞⠁⠞⠑⠙⠂⠀
⠇⠑⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠃⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠧⠊⠕⠇⠑⠝⠞⠀⠞⠑⠍⠏⠑⠎⠞⠂⠀
⠽⠑⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠕⠁⠞⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠝⠁⠧⠊⠛⠁⠞⠑⠎⠀⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠀⠺⠁⠞⠑⠗
⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠝⠑⠧⠑⠗⠀⠃⠑⠀⠺⠗⠑⠉⠅⠑⠙⠂⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀
⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠁⠀⠋⠊⠎⠓⠀⠉⠁⠝⠝⠕⠞⠀⠃⠑⠀⠙⠗⠕⠺⠝⠑⠙⠲⠀⠔⠔
⠀⠔⠔⠀⠔⠔⠀⠠⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠁⠀⠃⠑⠁⠥⠞⠊⠋⠥⠇⠀⠧⠊⠎⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠕⠋
⠀⠞⠗⠁⠧⠑⠗⠎⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠉⠑⠁⠝⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠃⠁⠇⠇⠕⠕⠝⠀
⠋⠇⠕⠁⠞⠎⠀⠞⠓⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠊⠗⠂⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀
⠞⠗⠁⠝⠟⠥⠊⠇⠇⠊⠞⠽⠂⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠕⠥⠞⠀⠎⠓⠕⠉⠅⠎⠂⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠕⠥⠞⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠝⠎⠥⠏⠏⠕⠗⠞⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠗⠕⠇⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠏⠊⠞⠉⠓⠊⠝⠛⠖⠀
⠑⠞⠉⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠞⠗⠥⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠝⠧⠑⠝⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀
⠊⠝⠞⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠛⠇⠕⠺⠊⠝⠛⠀⠍⠁⠝⠝⠑⠗⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀
⠃⠑⠀⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠎⠞⠕⠕⠙⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠠⠋⠊⠛⠎⠲⠀⠼⠁⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠼⠃⠲⠀⠠⠁⠀
⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠇⠥⠝⠛⠑⠗⠀⠉⠽⠇⠊⠝⠙⠑⠗⠂⠀⠎⠓⠕⠺⠝⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀
⠎⠊⠙⠑⠀⠃⠗⠕⠅⠑⠝⠀⠁⠺⠁⠽⠀⠊⠝⠀⠠⠋⠊⠛⠲⠀⠼⠃⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠠⠋⠊⠛⠲⠀
⠼⠁⠂⠀⠠⠛⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠥⠙⠙⠑⠗⠂⠀⠠⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠑⠇⠇⠑⠗⠂⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠊⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠥⠃⠑⠀⠞⠓⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠎⠑⠁⠀⠺⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀
⠏⠁⠎⠎⠑⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠥⠍⠏⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠠⠋⠊⠛⠲⠀⠼⠃⠂⠀⠠⠉⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠍⠕⠅⠑⠎⠞⠁⠉⠅⠂⠀⠠⠍⠀⠠⠍⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠁⠗⠞⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀
⠊⠝⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠺⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠃⠑⠀⠁⠙⠍⠊⠞⠞⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠊⠝⠉⠗⠑⠁⠎⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠑⠊⠛⠓⠞⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠓⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠑⠏⠞⠓
⠀⠕⠋⠀⠋⠇⠕⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠇⠥⠝⠛⠑⠗⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀
⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛⠀⠋⠊⠇⠇⠑⠙⠀⠕⠗⠀⠑⠍⠏⠞⠊⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠥⠍⠏⠂⠀⠠⠏⠲

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.